The Rise of Dictators and World The Rise of Dictators and World War IIWar II

Steps to WarSteps to War

Chapter 26Chapter 26

Section 1Section 1

The Rise of DictatorsThe Rise of Dictators

What brought dictators to power?What brought dictators to power? Rise to power was due to economic and political Rise to power was due to economic and political

conditions created by World War I.conditions created by World War I. Italy, Germany, Japan, and Soviet Union.Italy, Germany, Japan, and Soviet Union. Treaties from WWI did not resolve issues.Treaties from WWI did not resolve issues. Germany most severe.Germany most severe. Economies of Europe in ruins; heavy debt.Economies of Europe in ruins; heavy debt. Widespread unemployment caused unrest and Widespread unemployment caused unrest and

Europeans turned to new leaders.Europeans turned to new leaders.

Dictators Seize PowerDictators Seize Power

Benito Mussolini – Italy- fascism.Benito Mussolini – Italy- fascism. Facism – extreme nationalism linked to racism.Facism – extreme nationalism linked to racism. Adolf Hitler – Germany – Nazi (National Socialist Adolf Hitler – Germany – Nazi (National Socialist

German Workers’ Party); Chancellor; der Fuhrer German Workers’ Party); Chancellor; der Fuhrer – “The Leader”.– “The Leader”.

Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union – Communism Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union – Communism control every aspect of life in the nation.control every aspect of life in the nation.

Hideki Tojo – Japan – Prime Minister – military Hideki Tojo – Japan – Prime Minister – military control. control.

Dictators Expand Their TerritoryDictators Expand Their Territory

How did dictators demonstrate their power in the How did dictators demonstrate their power in the 1930s?1930s?

Seized power and threatened democratic governments.Seized power and threatened democratic governments. 1936 – Hitler & Mussolini formed the Rome-Berlin 1936 – Hitler & Mussolini formed the Rome-Berlin

Axis; Japan joined in 1940.Axis; Japan joined in 1940. 1938- Hitler invaded Austria; wanted the 1938- Hitler invaded Austria; wanted the

Sudetenland(Czechoslovakia).Sudetenland(Czechoslovakia). Appeasement – meeting Germany’s demand to avoid Appeasement – meeting Germany’s demand to avoid

war; gave Hitler Sudetenland and Germany would war; gave Hitler Sudetenland and Germany would stop seeking more territory.stop seeking more territory.

Churchill and other disagreed. Churchill and other disagreed.

World War II BeginsWorld War II Begins

What events led to World War II?What events led to World War II? Hitler conquered the rest of Czechoslovakia.Hitler conquered the rest of Czechoslovakia. Promised to seize Poland; Britain and France warned of Promised to seize Poland; Britain and France warned of

war. war. Germans and Soviet Union agreed not to attack each other.Germans and Soviet Union agreed not to attack each other. Germany invades Poland; Sept.1, 1939.Germany invades Poland; Sept.1, 1939. Britain & France declare war on GermanyBritain & France declare war on Germany Blitzkrieg “lightning war”. Which stressed speed and Blitzkrieg “lightning war”. Which stressed speed and

surprise. surprise. 1940; Hitler conquered Denmark, Norway, Belgium and 1940; Hitler conquered Denmark, Norway, Belgium and

Netherlands. Netherlands.

Allies Under AttackAllies Under Attack

June 1940 – Germany invaded France; June 1940 – Germany invaded France; Hitler thought GB would seek peace.Hitler thought GB would seek peace.

Hitler invades Great Britain.Hitler invades Great Britain. Battle of Britain – Germany’s airforce – Battle of Britain – Germany’s airforce –

Luftwaffe bombed London.Luftwaffe bombed London. Britain’s Royal Air Force (RAF) fought the Britain’s Royal Air Force (RAF) fought the

Germans, but many civilian targets in Germans, but many civilian targets in Britain were bombedBritain were bombed

British did not surrender.British did not surrender.

Con’tCon’t

Despite agreement with Soviet Union, Despite agreement with Soviet Union, Hitler wanted Soviet Unions wheat and oil.Hitler wanted Soviet Unions wheat and oil.

1941 – invaded Soviet Union; harsh winter 1941 – invaded Soviet Union; harsh winter stopped the Nazi advance. stopped the Nazi advance.

US Congress – 1941- Lend-Lease Act; US Congress – 1941- Lend-Lease Act; Roosevelt supported. Allowed lending or Roosevelt supported. Allowed lending or leasing resources and equipment to allies; leasing resources and equipment to allies; 50 billion worth of goods to Britain & SU50 billion worth of goods to Britain & SU

Japan Attacks Pearl HarborJapan Attacks Pearl Harbor

1940 – Japan joined Axis alliance.1940 – Japan joined Axis alliance. Only the US stood in the way of them conquering Only the US stood in the way of them conquering

Dutch East Indies, and other Asian territories. Dutch East Indies, and other Asian territories. December 7, 1941; Japanese warplanes make a December 7, 1941; Japanese warplanes make a

surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. 2,400 Americans died; warplanes and ships destroyed 2,400 Americans died; warplanes and ships destroyed President Roosevelt declares war on Japan.President Roosevelt declares war on Japan. ““a date that will live in infamy”.a date that will live in infamy”. Dec. 11, 1941; Germany & Italy declared war on US. Dec. 11, 1941; Germany & Italy declared war on US.