the role of the ios in the international diplomacy

8/12/2019 The Role of the IOs in the International Diplomacy

1/15

THE ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

IN THE INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMACY

Prepared by: Toni Tancevski / ID 9846

Mentored by: PhD Zvonimir Jankulovski


2/15

1 | P a g e

Table of ContentsIntroduction 2

What is international organization

Historical development 3 The need of International Organizations

Instituting of the United Nation Eras of the role of International Organizations and the United Nation Some of the International Organizations

The role of IOs in the international diplomacy 7 Security aspect Economic aspect Humanitarian aspect The reform of the International Organizations

Conclusion 11

The future of the International Organizations

References 14


3/15

2 | P a g e

1 IntroductionWhat is International Organization?

An international organization, as well called as intergovernmentalorganization is an organization of international mission and vision, scope andcharacter. The International organizations (IOs) are intergovernmental entities

that derive their legal base and establishment out of treaty and commonly theinternational organization within their structure prescribe permanent

secretariats, plenary assemblies containing the member states, identifiableheadquarters as well as executive organs with more limited participation. The

International Organizations are directed and headed by the leaders whose titlescan vary substantially in the likes of Secretary-General (UN), Director-General(WHO), President (World Bank), Managing Director etc.

Out of great importance is the fact that nominated representatives of themember states in the international organizations, especially those that areseconded in the permanent secretariats in the international organizations do not

devote their work and do not work exclusively for the interests of their country, but they actually represent a kind of instrument for cooperation among theparticipating states and will develop and build their own institutional awareness

and procedures that will serve the interests of their state within the frames,goals and expectations of the international organizations.

This system and organizational method as well as the legal frameworkhow an international organization will be established, has nothing in commonwith earlier forms of institutionalized cooperation. Two types of internationalorganizations can be distinguished, international governmental organizationswith a membership of sovereign member states, and nongovernmentalorganizations (NGOs).Usually when we use the term international organization, itrefers to the international governmental organizations. Therefore, nation-statesare fundamental elements of international organizations. Hence, in this context,

we can extract the definition of international organizations.

International organization is international structural components created

on the basis of agreements between three or more sovereign states in order toestablish regular political interactions.

International organizations are permanent institutionalized forms of

communication of three or more countries based on the multilateral agreements

,with a special status and permanent bodies, within which, based on its statutes

and other primary documents of the International organization, commence the

process of multilateral negotiations and joint decision-making of the member

states in relevant areas of international cooperation

The international organizations according to its mission and vision can be

limited in certain ways, in terms of the composition of its membership as well asto certain geographical sphere of activities, such as the Organization of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/organization


4/15

3 | P a g e

American States. Certain international organizations can prioritize itscommitment toward the global participation, such as the International Telegraph

Union, or it can commit its mission and vision to a particular project area, likeOPEC or to address a wide range of topics, such as the OSCE or the UnitedNations.

The term international organization exceeds the forms of internationalcooperation and also involves the forms of private organization of transnationalgroups and associations. In this respect we should mention a few names thatoften circulate in the terminology of the forms of international organizations:

"Institutional internationalism", "Volunteering internationalism".These forms oftransnational organized private networks are called international non-

governmental organizations (INGOs). They include those forms of internationalorganization, which primarily are formed on the basis of an agreement betweenthe governments. Therefore, this form of organization can be voluntary,

nongovernmental, nonmilitary, non-profit and non-religious. They aspire to

political, economic, social and welfare purposes, independent and withoutparticipation of the political parties and state instruments. Its scope is notcommitted to altruistic purposes but the INGOs efforts are focused on thespecific authorities that are not obtained and with no given legitimacy by an

external body. Their work is based on self-defined goals and expertise.Both forms of organization are characterized by regular meetings of its

representatives, special procedures of decision-making, as well as the existence

of a permanent secretariat.

2 Historical DevelopmentMost of the political scientists and historians elaborating the international

organizations agree that the forms of gatherings with the international characterstarted with the 19th century conferences where the lawyers from the variouscountries started to meet and to do various treaty making efforts.

The 19th century conferences led to certain hindrances due to the factthat the states found that they are basically at the rule of the host state whodecided whom to invite and what issues to put in the agenda. This hindrance wasa reason for lack of continuity in respect to address the global issues which was

the fundamental motive for the meetings on international level. In other words, ifthe host state was not eager to invite that state that didnt get along with, thatstate and the representatives werent there.

Therefore, such deficiencies with 19th century conferences led states to

think on creating viable institutions with international secretariats where overtime these institutions would inspire to have universal membership.

Among the first IOs was the International Labor Organization (1919)

which was created as part of the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I, toreflect the belief that universal and lasting peace can be accomplished only if itis based on social justice.

One of the earliest efforts was as well the League of Nations which

certainly denoted the earlier efforts to establish the international organization.Thus, that period is an era of functionalism, what the political scientists would


5/15

4 | P a g e

like to describe as a need of the states to cooperate at a certain level. Suchcooperation originates from the need for centralization from one side and

independence from the other. The states wanted to centralize their efforts inrespect of resources, financial and intellectual resources to engage jointly in aproblem, and also the need for independence was crucial in establishing the first

ties of interstate interactions. In this regard, the need for independence iscommonly described through the example of impartial institutions like theInternational Court of Justice or the independent civil service of the UN SecretaryGeneral. In other words, that would be a third party who is relatively removedfrom the state interest who can for example settle a dispute, neutrally, to

allocate the resources, neutrally. That desire for Centralized independence isgood explanation why the international organization came into being.

The need of International Organizations

However, the process of globalization lye in the fundaments of the abovementioned thesis. The increased interdependence of states, political, economic

and other interdependence as well as the need to resolve common globalproblems started to emerge more forcefully, more intellectual interactionsamong the states in the late 19thcentury. The flow of capital, goods and ideas

cross boundaries led the states inevitably to engage each other and resolvecertain differences, for example, how free trade is going to be conducted. In

particularly, all of this started to happen in maritime area, as Hugo Grotiushimself discovered this, but at that time it was limited by high seas, but nowthe stated rely to each other on every level, from culture to economics. Thereforethe need in international organization as one place where the states can resolve

common difficulties became inevitable.The need of International organizations originates and can be described

through four circumstances1. Creation of sovereign states

2. System of sovereign states3. Issues of mutual importance4. Awareness of the need to tackle these issues at the international level

through international institutions - organizations

Instituting of the United Nation

The UN as a successor of the League of Nation is organization tends to beestablished by learning from the prior efforts, efforts to correct the past.

In that light, UN charter in principle stands as a sort of backwards lookingdocument to correct the perceived flaws of League of Nation charter. Those

flaws were identified in the lack of collective security, clear binding obligationsnot to use force, the lack of institutional separation of power.

Consequently, now in the UN there is a Security Council that is charged

with primary obligations of peace and security and where the General Assemblyis a talk-shop of every other issue or for example, the International Court of

Justice that has its own domain. All of this along with duty to pay dues, the lackof withdrawal clause like League of Nations suffered (The Japanese delegation


6/15

5 | P a g e

withdrew from the League of Nations Assembly after the League of Nation Assembly

had adopted a report blaming Japan for events in Manchuria) is demonstration howthe UN learned from the prior mistakes.

Over time, UN has learned as well from its own mistakes and dilemmas.As a challenge, UN had to undergo the colonization which was its own effort to

produce more states which actually was a radical shift in for example thecomposition of the General Assembly which went from a body that was underthe effective control by the United States and western powers into a body that

now exceeds 190 states which contributed to a lack of US control over themajority in the Assembly. That was actually a big transformation. Hence,speaking about the changes that led to instituting the new form of state

interdependences in the name of UN is certainly the decolonization.

Eras of the role of International Organizations and the United Nation

I. Cold War era

The other era of change started in the late 1940s, 1950s and 1960s. That

was the Cold War. The Cold War paralyzed a lot of the institutions, not only theUnited Nations but certainly the Security Council which became powerless toachieve any consensus or any kind of action which was over during the period of

post-Cold War when the politics has changed.

II. Post-Cold War era

The post-Cold War, 1990s and 2000 introduced qualitative change in the

nature and the work of the organization. The immediate awakening at the end ofthe Cold War led to so called UN-oforia or New World Order that even the firstPresident Bush talked about and the Secretary General, Kofi Annan stressed in

his Agenda for peace. There was a sense that the things has completely changedand that UN can function now as intended and at the same time the ultimateopinion was that the UN charter can work as intended. The people believed that

this model of post-Cold War can be a model for the future. The believe that in thefuture the aggression can be stopped because primarily there wont be exercise

of the veto, peace keeping will become robust and aggressive and that the

states would contribute significantly in the peace keeping operations underregular arrangements like Article 47 of the UN Charter originally intended.

III. Era 9/11

That UN-foria ended partially due to the second judgments of the

United Stated like for example, after the Somalia Civil War. That was the periodwhen it was declared, primarily by the US, that although the Cold War is over it isnot expected that the veto will be over. So, the United States used the veto orwhenever is convenient for the US politics they dont need to use veto, in other

words, what suits the most individually for the US foreign politics. This led to anew mode of transition of international relations and diplomacy as well as the


7/15

6 | P a g e

role of the International Organizations. This mode was termed as 9/11 modewhich (based on the authors opinion of this essay)radically changed the role of

the international organizations, vis--vis the experts opinion who claimed that itis new paradigm shift without putting a label and name of the period thatdenoted the post-Cold War era.

The 1990s were very eventful in the international diplomacy in terms ofoperations as well as normative and legal evolution. The 2000s in theinternational diplomacy will be remembered as reactivation of responsibility toprotect. An era of a new sense that the member states in the IOs have the

responsibility to protect the population and UN through its immediate responseinstrument, the Security Council could authorize what some wouldve called a

humanitarian intervention which is very suspension composure of terminology

if we deepen our analysis into the economic benefits that some of the superpowers will get with such intervention. Therefore there is a suspicion that the

Security Council will not act consistently on that premise, the principle of

humanitarian intervention. Syria crisis is in particularly supporting this thesis.To recapitulate, there is a doubt that the responsibility to protect is anythingother than a politically useful tool when convenient but not a legal principle thatall we expect to be consistently applied.

Some of the International Organizations

While mentioning the role of the IOs, we have to underline that themission and vision of each IOs varies primarily from the scope of work. One of

the most important IOs besides the UN in regard to the three main aspects,

security, economy and human rights is certainly the Organization for Securityand Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). It has comprehensive approachencompassing the politico-military, economic and environmental aspect as wellas human aspect. It therefore addresses a wide range of security-relatedconcerns, including arms control, confidence- and security-building measures,human rights, national minorities, democratization, policing strategies, counter-

terrorism and economic and environmental activities.

Although European Union (EU) has not been considered alongside the list

of IOs, EU represents the so called project of regional supra-nationalism. Projectis an accurate description as the very first architects of modern EU intended with

the Treaty of Rome, 1957. Nowadays EU is still the most significant project inpost 1945 Europe. EU role also embraces the three components in its robustapprehending. It has been considered as the most advanced example ofinstitutional cooperation between countries in the world today.


8/15

7 | P a g e

3 The Role of International Organizations inthe international diplomacyThe principal functions that every IOs has to have in its catalogue is to:

the relevant thematic issue or country situation on behalfAnalyze

of the IOs; on the measures which should be taken by theAdvise

government(s) concerned and other relevant actors;

United Nations organs and agencies and the other IOs inAlertgeneral to the need to address specific situations and issues. Inthis regard they have a role in providing early warning and

encouraging preventive measures;

on behalf of the victims of violations through measuresAdvocatesuch as requesting urgent action by relevant states and callingupon governments to respond to specific allegations of humanrights violations and provide redress;

and mobilize the international and national communitiesActivateto address particular human rights issues and to encouragecooperation among governments, civil society and inter-

governmental organizations.

The international organizations cover the three main fields ofinternational relations:

1. Security aspect2. Economic aspect3. Humanitarian aspect

Security aspect

International cooperation is essential to preserve peace and promotesecurity, prosperity and justice throughout the world. Major issues likeenvironmental protection, the war on drugs, gender equality, food security andcurbing population growth cannot be resolved at local or regional level, butrequire a global approach.

Speaking about the role of the international organizations after the WWIIand their role in the diplomacy, the Security Council was always the startingpoint from where the analysis can be developed or criticized.

Without being vague and imprecise, this essay will not spent the words ingeneral info on what IOs means, their robust undertakings, how manyemployees they have, benefits they enjoy, and why they are inevitable in the era

of globalization. Absolutely, these facts are indisputable. This essay will try toconcentrate its focus in the infertility of the IOs, the selfishness of the powernations in the likes of member states as well as to point out the weaknesses and

the mistakes of the IOs that will emphasize the need of change in the most vitalcomponents of one IOs, in particularly in the processes of decision making.

Lets start this point with the UN Security Council. The Security Councilresolutions (example: 2013 resolutions and Resolution 2095 - Libya) say that the


9/15

8 | P a g e

member states are supposed to act only to protect civilians and yet to anticipatethe use of force and also the resolutions forbids military occupation. Therefore,

how we can distinguish and determine how far we can go when protectingcivilians, so the resolution itself offers compromises, divisions among NATO whatis meant, what kind of force will be used, the extent of force, who is responsible,

when does it end, do the international community agrees the leader of the statesubject of the resolution to remain on power or not. These facts, the clearnessand direct determination of the Resolutions of the IOs, in this case UN is vital toachieve the fundaments of future global rule of law when talking about the roleof IOs. Therefore, the citizens of the member states are expecting a lot from the

people who authorize the use of force in regard of the security aspect of the IOs.

Being focused on the security aspect and the decision making role of theIOs, it is worth to comment that it used to be that the states and the IOs were theonly actors engaged in international law making or norm making. Nowadays the

picture is much more complicated since the states are primary law makers for

themselves and their own peoples, the IOs remains second the most importantbut now there are many more players in the arena of the internationaldiplomacy. Multinational corporations, international judges individually belong tothis group, and even individuals who bring disputes before the International

Right Courts can influence the law. Not just by particular treaty but also throughthe impact of the arbitrational word. All of these new actors are contributing inthe international diplomacy in general.

International organization is interstate organization under a treaty andtheir role has to be more powerful in order to deal with the challenges. The rolewe see today is the role of IOs reaching too many approaches, and it is a mix of

different and rather eclectic approaches for exercising both, law-making and

policy-making. On the other hand, the global world does not need all powerfuland single International Organization in regard to security aspect.

There is de facto need for a universal approach in whatever form, eitherthat would be trough universal treaty or series of such treaty, which require aninternational organization to preside over that treaty. But, more important is thefact that some issues are more regional in focus. For instance, international

criminal problems should be resolved on regional level and the state jurisdictionshave to be most closely involved in international criminal procedures andinvestigations. Those nations should ideally be the ones to adjudicate the

processes because the closer they watch at the problem, the closer the statedhave the impact over the issue. All of these perfectly blend with the global

phrase, Think globally-Act locally. So, the tendency nowadays to takeeverything up to the international level is not a necessarily solution.

Economic aspect

Describing the role of the IOs in managing the international system, wewould like to differentiate the Governance from Government. It is well knownthat the government is nation state that has control over law, use of force within

its territory. Due to the fact that there is no world government and we will everhave, therefore when we describe the role of IOs, we have as well to describe the

interrelationships among states, international organizations, hybrid institutions,businesses, NGOs and variety of non-state actors that are vastly affecting the


10/15

9 | P a g e

foreign policy of one state. Exactly this, in the lack of another term is Governance. There is another term, coined by the political scientist as well

globalists.That is Global Administrative Law. That is form of regulations that

happen across the border but not only the IOs (World Bank, IMF etc.)but also the

effects of business regulations, among businesses, private to private regulationsthat has an impact whether a particular good crosses the border, how internet isgoverned is something that IOs classically understood therefore besides the roleof IOs we have to consider as well the role of the non-state factors, hybrid privateinstitutions who also have governance effect.

As corporations become more global in their scope and internationaltrade continues to expand, economies are becoming more and more integrated

through trade, global financial exchange, foreign investment, as well as throughthe movement of people. This important phenomenon requires a greaterunderstanding of the dynamics of global economics and its characteristics. In

addition, as trade continues to grow worldwide, global institutions addressing

issues such as economic development and trade are also becoming increasinglymore important. That is why this economic aspect is one of the three pillarswhile explaining the role of the international institutions. Because they play asignificant role in promoting and supporting global economic development,

trade, as well as global financial stability.

Humanitarian aspect

The IOs in this regard are perceived and an arena where it will develop

forum for discussion where the violations and problems will be pointed andtackled through the universal and regional instruments for development andpromotion of human rights, and using universal and regional tools to protect andcontrol the Human rights.

The positive aspect of the IOs is its role as protg of the Humanity Law.Luckily, we are witnessing the rise and development of this Law suggesting thatthe international judges in ICJ or ad hoc tribunals, human rights bodies, while

engaging in cases they increasingly talk to each other in human rights terms sothere are increased signs of human rights language in themes and even normsin trade, in investment disputes and in International Criminal Law.

But if we deepen the analysis of the IOs in the process of its functionality,

it is noticeable that the IOs suffer from the lack of normative and culturaluniversalities. One of the reasons for this is the so called Western creation thatprioritizes the Western agenda which rests essentially on the dialogue betweenEurope and USA that truncates first of all the universality of the IOs. To this

argument there are legitimate and less legitimate approaches. The lesslegitimate claims are focused on cultural relativism when it comes to basic

human rights. Some Asian governments are trading out this idea in order todefend their authoritarian Asian values but on the other hand, we have to acceptthe fact that much of the International Law including the IOs is a western

contrast. In fact, much of the post-decolonization struggle is to try to adoptstructure that were formed at the time when US, Russia, France and Britain were

basically drafting this instruments to a world in which those are not necessarilythe dominant powers. This remains an ongoing project where EU and USA have


11/15

10 | P a g e

the crucial role in IOs and they try to make the system of IOs morerepresentative, but for the own interest only.

In regard to the humanitarian aspects and the contribution of the IOs inbettering the overall global functionality, the rudimental approach would be tointernationalize the international law. To achieve this would probably demand a

lot of struggle due to language and resources constrains. The Laws that we learnand teach nowadays is not the Law which in fact exists. The international lawstrives to trickle down in the national law orders but in order to achievecomplementary results of the IOs productivity from the humanitarian aspect, thestates need to be interested and strive how to trickle up the law. In other words,each countrys adaptation of the international law will have to influence theinternational law itself, especially if the country is powerful enough to excerpt a

view like the USA have excerpted its own views on use of force.The IOs has the responsibility to use appropriate diplomatic,

humanitarian and other peaceful means, in accordance with Chapters VI and VIII

of the UN charter, to help protect populations from genocide, war, crimes, ethnic

cleansing and crimes against humanity.In this context, IOs are prepared to take collective action, in a timely and

decisive manner, through the Security Council, in accordance with the charter,including chapter VII, on a case-by-case basis and in cooperation with relevant

regional organizations as appropriate, should peaceful means be inadequateand national authorities are manifestly failing to protect their populations fromgenocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity.

The reform of the International Organizations

The debates on the reform of the international system of the internationalinstitutions are relatively narrow. For instance, there are loud and long lastingdebates on reforming the UN Security Council for many years. There are many

states that hope on deep reform of this Council or even a slight reform whereasthe debates can be more expansive about what kind of collective security do thestates really want, what should be the relationship between the Security Council

and the regional organizations or notions about the Responsibility to Protect(R2P) where some thinks will invariably lead to intervention by the SecurityCouncil.

Most of the conversations about the reform of the IOs are not taking

place with its full significance. The IOs that underpin their relations that arewithout any doubt, globally oriented, originate from another time and aplace when the economic gravity was overwhelmingly located in the West. As isobvious to all, this center has been shifting both east and south. This not only

means that emerging countries are getting richer, but that they arealso becoming more powerful in political and military terms. Not surprisingly,

these countries are demanding more of a say in international politics andeconomics. In particular, they want to correct what they see as continuedWestern dominance in organizations such as the IMF, the World Bank, the G20,

and in forums like the UN Security Council.If we start to examine the most important challenges IOs face today, as

well as the reforms and opportunities for change they need to pursue, we have tostart by asking how rising powers especially China perceive existing IOs and


12/15

11 | P a g e

whether they are willing to integrate into the current order (or create a new one).We then move on to question whether IOs, as currently constituted, are indeed

bound to fail in a world of shifting power dynamics. Finally, the remainder of thedossier looks at case studies; specifically, the studies look at how the UN, theWTO, and NATO are coping with (or not) a changing political and economic

international landscape.The challenge to security and peace is the concept of human security

itself. The last decade has seen all types of debates. These are best described asquestions, for example,

Should the international system be based on states or on nations?

Should security come first or should development come first?

Are the poor a problem to security?

Should individuals or states be the centre for international action?

Should territorial integrity and sovereignty prime over the security of

individuals? What is the legitimacy of international action in favor of individuals?

The debate can almost be reduced to one simple proposition looking at

people from the orbit of Human Rights or looking at people from the orbit ofpeace, security and stability? This is a debate that has not been concluded nor,in many cases, adequately defined. Yet the reach of this challenge is such that it

can affect the most basic of agreed international principles, such as the Charterof the United Nations itself. No state has the power nor the willingness to forcethe debate to its natural conclusions, and yet until this is defined and agreed

upon, almost all issues affecting international peace and security are subject to

being high-jacked by it or be held hostage to it. Similarly, no long termsustainable action that will transform our societies to improve the lot of thecommon man and his/her ability to prosper in peace can be found.

4 ConclusionThe study in IOs should not be confused with its celebration. The honest

scholars have to look in the phenomenon of the IOs without blinkers and to try to

appreciate the pros and cons, because only then, you are credible and in positionto provide prescriptions.

When pointing out the critiques of the International organization, theyderive from three layers:

1. Horizontal critiques2. Vertical critiques3. Ideological critiques

1. Horizontal critiques. On the horizontal level the accusations say thatalthough the IOs are premised on sovereign and equality, they reallydont respect it. One fact and example supporting this claim is

particularly the UN Security Council where all UN member states arenot given equal chance to decide on vital issues. Even in the


13/15

12 | P a g e

International Courts, where there is proposition of equality, the richerstates are likely to be better legally advised. There is North-South

perception of the role of the IOs. In the global South there isperception that the IOs and their inspire to universal participation inthe IOs is still a toll for hegemonic power

2.

Vertical critiques. The vertical critiques are becoming louder due tothe fact that the IOs are vertically disconnected. What we have is the

Law imposed from above that is very different in terms of democraticlegitimacy of law imposed from states themselves that grow out ofthe democratic process. So, there is a perception that what happens

in the IOs stays in the IOs (What happens in Vegas stays in Vegas),what in other words means that the IOs dont pervade domestically

like they should, because from one reason or other the Law of IOs arenot regarded as legitimate laws of the national legislators decide thatthey have to change something within the state law because that is

their right. Therefore, these allegations say that there is a vertical

disconnect from the top-down.3. Ideological critiques. These critiques say that the IOs are pursuing

ideology whether is cultural, economic or other ideology that somestates prefer over others. The most evident example that supports thisthesis is from the 1990s when the IMF was pursuing the Washington

consensus approach to how the States should govern themselves,especially economically. There was a notion that what all of these IOs

are pursuing deregulation, protection of property and that theGovernments would do better by doing less and letting the market torule. This consensus approach created some controversial disputes

which accused this approach as completely wrong, that there is no

single model for economic development to rely on, but there are manyways to get economically developed. Hence, the IOs intention forpushing the Washington consensus approach to structurally adjust

the economies of the states and one model was completely wrong.

One of the characteristics of this era of the International Organizations isthe accountability era. We all now live in the second generations questions

and doubts about the IOs. Now we enter in the era of criticism of these

organizations and how do we engage in try to fix them. One of them is to openthem up, beyond states.

The future of the International Organizations

Although the future of the IOs is a complex issue to discuss and the

future is vague, there are some indications that there are some changes that willprobably happen in near future. This comes from the fact that the IOs have

created a kind of world that is too much demanding from the states by a way ofinternational regulation overload. For example, the IOs are demanding so manyreports from so many different bodies of a single state and then overburden the

state with resources. Hence, the information overload, the information demandwill lead at some point to consolidation, of some subparts of the organizations,

including certainly the human rights components will come to the surface at theIOs arena. As well, the future of the IOs might bring to the surface at the IOs


14/15

13 | P a g e

scene some delegations of regional groups or regional entities will necessarilybe expected to take on more things. This claim is going back to the thesis that

the regions should have more control over regional affairs. This would be a resultand response to trans-civilizational perspectives and this would be the result ofthe idea that the Law looks different in the different parts of the world.

The future of the IOs has to be focused on the consolidation, delegationand abovementioned diversification since the world are in continuous mode ofinternational adjudication. Therefore the scientists engaged in the structures ofthe IOs are entering the phase in experimentation with different form of thisinternational adjudication. For instance, if we look at the international criminal

law system we will see that more experimentation will come overtime. As aresult of that experimentation, ad-hoc tribunals were created, then experiments

with hybrid tribunals that look different from one another, then the Lebanontribunals although it was not the same as the previous ones, because itconsisted a lot of national law in it. Then the Truth Commissions appeared as a

good idea, because it was realized that the Courts have not capacity to do

everything. The South Africa reconciliation approach as well was a good idea inthis sense, and at the end, the International Criminal Court for which it isincreasingly clear that can handle every issue of mass atrocities on the planet.

To that extend, we can expect consolidation in some areas but in the area

of global justice we might have continued proliferation. From the other side, wecannot expect consolidation between the trade and investment regime, so thefragmentation will continue in trade and in the investment regime where we

might have a regional body (particularly in the region of Balkan) resolvingregional investment disputes. So, in the near future we will witness more ofexperimentation affecting the structures of IOs with the risk/benefits of

fragmentation witch becomes more and more supported by some state actors

who would preferably express their notions through fragmented structures ratherthan sending it to the robust core of the IOs structure.

To sum-up, the future of the IOs lies in the regional organizations underthe umbrella of the globalization trends and globalism in general. It can beachieved through truncating the power of the centralized and robust

headquarters of the international organizations and their fragmenting in theregions based on the previously assessed politico-military, economical or humanright needs. Then, launching regional satellites-organizations that will derive

from the particular IOs, again based on the nature of the issue. These regionalorganizations will provide more effective activities and first hand analysis,

advices, early-warning, alerting, advocating and activation. The regionalapproach as a future of the IOs will provide and improve the regional concept ofhuman right protection, it will offer much clearer pictures about the overallsituation that will be easier to understand the needs that will effectuate fasterreaction.


15/15

14 | P a g e

References:1. http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/history/lang--en/index.htm2. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/265375/high-seas

3.

http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/4. http://www.johndclare.net/league_of_nations6_news.htm5. http://tgrule.com/new-world-order/kofi-annan/6. http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sociopolitica/esp_sociopol_nwo72.htm7. http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/chapter7.shtml8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_Civil_War9. http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/2095(2013)10.http://www.iilj.org/gal/GALworkingdefinition.asp

11.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Consensus12.http://www.amnesty.org/en/international-justice/issues/truth-commissions

13.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_(South_Africa)14.http://www.stl-tsl.org/

15.http://www.government.nl/issues/international-organisations

16.

http://www.loc.gov/rr/business/BERA/issue7/organizations.html
http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/history/lang--en/index.htmhttp://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/history/lang--en/index.htmhttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/265375/high-seashttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/265375/high-seashttp://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/http://www.johndclare.net/league_of_nations6_news.htmhttp://www.johndclare.net/league_of_nations6_news.htmhttp://tgrule.com/new-world-order/kofi-annan/http://tgrule.com/new-world-order/kofi-annan/http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sociopolitica/esp_sociopol_nwo72.htmhttp://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sociopolitica/esp_sociopol_nwo72.htmhttp://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/chapter7.shtmlhttp://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/chapter7.shtmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_Civil_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_Civil_Warhttp://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/2095(2013)http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/2095(2013)http://www.iilj.org/gal/GALworkingdefinition.asphttp://www.iilj.org/gal/GALworkingdefinition.asphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Consensushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Consensushttp://www.amnesty.org/en/international-justice/issues/truth-commissionshttp://www.amnesty.org/en/international-justice/issues/truth-commissionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_(South_Africa)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_(South_Africa)http://www.stl-tsl.org/http://www.stl-tsl.org/http://www.government.nl/issues/international-organisationshttp://www.government.nl/issues/international-organisationshttp://www.loc.gov/rr/business/BERA/issue7/organizations.htmlhttp://www.loc.gov/rr/business/BERA/issue7/organizations.htmlhttp://www.loc.gov/rr/business/BERA/issue7/organizations.htmlhttp://www.government.nl/issues/international-organisationshttp://www.stl-tsl.org/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_(South_Africa)http://www.amnesty.org/en/international-justice/issues/truth-commissionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Consensushttp://www.iilj.org/gal/GALworkingdefinition.asphttp://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/2095(2013)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_Civil_Warhttp://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/chapter7.shtmlhttp://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sociopolitica/esp_sociopol_nwo72.htmhttp://tgrule.com/new-world-order/kofi-annan/http://www.johndclare.net/league_of_nations6_news.htmhttp://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/265375/high-seashttp://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/history/lang--en/index.htm

the role of the ios in the international diplomacy

Documents