the scientific method. the scientific method- the steps taken in a specific order to get an answer...
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The Scientific Method
The Scientific Method-The steps taken in a specific order to get an answer to a
posed problem.
Steps of the Scientific Method1.Problem2.Hypothesi
s3.Experime
nt4.Results5.Conclusio
n
Step 1: Identify the Problem
• Using observations, identify a problem you would like to solve.o Observations are done with your
five senses to gather information.
o Ask questions that lead to a problem.
Step 1: Identify the Problem• Two types of observations:–Quantitative observations—deal
with numbers• Ex. 100 degrees outside
–Qualitative observations—deal with a description• Ex. Its hot outside.
Step 2: Develop a Hypothesis
• A hypothesis is a possible answer to a scientific question.oNot a fact (prediction)oBased on observations and knowledge
oMust be testable
Step 2: Develop a Hypothesis
• Write your hypothesis using your variables (what is changing)
• Hypothesis Format:–“If (what is changing on purpose)
then (what is changing due to what you already changed) because…
• “If ______________________then ____________
________________ because…
Step 2: Develop a Hypothesis• Example:
Question: How does the amount of salt affect the temperature where water boils?Hypothesis: If there is more/less (circle one) salt then water will boil at a higher/lower (circle one) temperature because _____________________________.
A scientist wants to know if water boils at a higher temperature when salt is added. Here is their experiment:
One Quart of Boiling Water
with
NO SALT
One Quart of Boiling Water
with
TWO TABLESPOONS
OF SALT
One Quart of Boiling Water
with
FOUR TABLESPOONS
OF SALT
Step 2: Develop a Hypothesis• Example:Maria is from planet DontKnowALot. She is doing an experiment. She has three people in her experiment.
Maria will measure the amount of weight that each person gains after a month.Question: How does the type of liquid affect how much weight a person gains?Hypothesis: If _________________________________________,then _______________________________________________because _____________________________________________.
Person 1 will drink only water.
Person 2 will drink only juice.
Person 3 will drink only Coca Cola.
Independent Practice:
• Complete Figure 2 on developing a hypothesis.
The Scientific Method
Step 3: Test the Hypothesis
• Materials:• A list of all
the things you need
• Procedure• Step by step
instructions• Identifies the
variables used in the experiment
Testing the hypothesis is simply conducting the experiment (materials and procedure.
Step 3: Test the Hypothesis
Variables- factors that can change in an experiment, must be the same.
Variables Video
Step 3: Test the Hypothesis
Independent Variable- the one variable that is purposely changed to test a hypothesis
Step 3: Test the Hypothesis
Dependent Variable-the factor that may change in response to the independent variable
Step 3: Test the Hypothesis
Controlled Experiment-an experiment in which only one variable is changed at a time
Guided Practice:
Which people in the experiment are in the control group?
Guided Practice:
What are the independent and dependent variables? Explain.
Guided Practice:
What should Mr. Krabb’s conclusion be?
Why is Group B reporting feeling better?
Independent Practice:
• Complete worksheet on conducting an experiment.
The Scientific Method
Step 4: Results
Collecting data is writing down the results of the experiment.
Data should be recorded in a table.
Step 4: ResultsData- are the facts, figures, and
other evidence gathered through qualitative and quantitative
observations.
Step 4: Parts of a Graph
Guided Practice:• With your partner, use the data below to create a graph.Height of the Plant
by Day with Fertilizer
Day Height (cm)
1 152 183 23 4 24 5 21
Guided Practice: Graphing
The Scientific Method
Step 5: ConclusionA conclusion is a summary of what
you have learned from an experiment.
Ask yourself: Does my data support my hypothesis?
Step 5: ConclusionCommunicating is the sharing of ideas and results with others through speaking and writing.
Before an experiment is published other scientists must test it for accuracy.
Step 5: Conclusion
Scientific theory- a well-tested and widely accepted explanation of observations and experimental results.
Step 5: ConclusionScientific law-describe observed patterns in nature without trying to explain those patterns.