the skeletal: articulations
TRANSCRIPT
Anat 1Anat 1Chapter 8 : Chapter 8 :
ArticulationsArticulations
1. Synarthrosis (no movement)1. Bony Fusion (Synostosis)2. Fibrous (Suture and Gomphosis)3. Cartilaginous (Synchondrosis)
2. Amphiarthrosis (little movement)
1. Fibrous (Syndesmosis) 2. Cartilaginous (Symphysis)
FunctionalFunctional / / Structural Structural Classification of JointsClassification of Joints
Always synovial joints mono, di-, and triaxial Strength vs. motility The
greater the range of motion, the weaker the joint.
Dislocation = luxation
Partial dislocation = ?
“Double jointed”
3) Diarthrosis 3) Diarthrosis (free (free movement)movement)
Diarthroses = Synovial Diarthroses = Synovial JointsJoints
Have synovial cavity = space between two bones
Components that are always present (fig 8-1)
Components that are sometimes present
3 Types of Motion at 3 Types of Motion at Synovial JointsSynovial Joints
Linear motion = gliding
Angular motion : flexion, extension,
hyperextension ab-, adduction circumduction
Rotation left - right, internal or
medial, external or lateral supination, pronation
Special MovementsSpecial MovementsDorsiflexion, plantar flexion
Protraction, retraction
Elevation, depression
Eversion inversion
6 types of 6 types of DiarthrosesDiarthroses
1 Gliding Joint
2 Hinge Joint
3 Pivot Joint
4 Ellipsoidal joint
5 Saddle joint
6 Ball & Socket joint
Gliding JointGliding Joint
articulating surfaces flat.
• also found between carpals and tarsals
• only slight movement - rotation prevented by ?
Hinge JointHinge Joint
Convex surface of bone 1 fits into concave surface of bone 2
found in ?
monoaxial
Pivot JointPivot Joint
Projection of bone 1 articulates within ring of bone 2
Also found in proximal ends of ulna and radius pronation and supination
rotation
Ellipsoidal (Condyloid) Ellipsoidal (Condyloid) JointJoint
Oval shaped condyle of bone 1 fits into elliptical cavity of bone 2
Also found between phalanges & metacarpals/-tarsals
Angular motion in two planes (= )
Saddle JointSaddle JointArticular surfaces shaped like saddle and rider
Modified condyloid joint
Extensive angular motion without rotation
Also between malleus and incus
Ball and Socket JointBall and Socket Joint
Ball like surface of bone 1 fits into cuplike depression of bone 2
Found in ___________
Allows for flexion, ab- or adduction and rotation ( _____axial)
Representative Representative ArticulationsArticulations
Temporomandibular JointMostly hinge joint, some gliding and
rotationArticular disc
Intervertebral Intervertebral articulationsarticulations
Gliding joints between ____________________
Intervertebral discs: (Amphiarthroses) annulus fibrosus: tough outer layer
(fibrocartilage) nucleus pulposus: soft, gelatinous core
Account for ~25% of vertebral column height – H2O loss during aging
Intervertebral ligaments
Fig 8-8
Disc ProblemsDisc Problems
Slipped disc vs. herniated disc
Most common sites for disc problems: C5 - C6 L4 - L5 L5 - S1
Lumbago
Laminectomy ( surgical removal vertebral arch by shaving laminae to access disc)
Fig 8-9
Glenohumeral Glenohumeral JointJoint
Type?
Greatest range of motion (due to loose and shallow)
Most frequently dislocated
Stability provided by?
Fig 8-15
Hip JointHip Joint
Deep well fitted _______ joint
Participants ?
Stabilization:
Extracapsular and intracapsular ligaments (ligamentum teres = ligamentum capitis femoris)
Surrounding muscles
Most important normal movement?
Knee JointKnee Joint
Much more complex than elbow
Much less stable than other ______
structurally 3 separate joints
Extra- and intracapsular ligaments
Locking of knee due to external rotation of tibia
Figs 8-16 & 17
The end