the smart-growth case for farmland conservation
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The Smart-Growth Case for Farmland Conservation
FEBRUARY 28, 2017
Photo by Chris Devers
Rare Priority Ag Areas Priority Ag Areas Important Ag Areas Potential Important Ag Areas
Steve Shaffer and Edward Thompson, Jr., A New Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from California Agricultural and Urban Land Uses, American Farmland Trust, February 2015.
Duke Nicholas School for Environmental Policy Solutions: “farmland preservation, more than any of the other [agricultural] management activities, will likely have the single greatest impact in stabilizing and reducing future emissions across multiple land use categories.”
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Panelists Julie Alvis, Deputy Assistant Secretary California Natural Resources Agency
Andrea McKenzie, General Manager Santa Clara Open Space Authority
Dr. Stephen Wheeler, Professor of Human Ecology UC Davis
JulieAlvis,DeputyAssistantSecretaryCaliforniaNaturalResourcesAgency
February28,2017|Davis,CA
TheSmartGrowthCaseforFarmlandConserva5onSustainableAgriculturalLandsConservaDonProgram&OtherStateEfforts
Agenda
OverviewoftheSustainableAgriculturalLandsConservaDon(SALC)ProgramSuccesses,nextsteps,andfuturedirecDonsOtheragriculturalconservaDoneffortsunderway
Date|2
2016-17SALCProgramOverview
ComplementaryprogramtotheStrategicGrowthCouncil’sAffordableHousing&SustainableCommuniDesProgram.
Date|4
Purpose:ToavoidincreasesingreenhousegasemissionsassociatedwiththeconversionofCalifornia’scroplandsandrangelandstourbanandruralresidenDaldevelopment.
HowdoesagprotecDonresultinGHGreducDons?AvoidedincreasesinGHGemissionsfromvehicletripsassociatedwiththedevelopmentpotenDaloftheproperty.Themethodologyassessestheriskofconversiononagriculturallandsbasedonpa[ernsofdevelopmentinthevicinity.Notincluded:buildingenergyuse,orsequestraDonopportuniDesfromsoilormanagementpracDces.
Date|5
ImportantThresholds
Demonstrateagriculturallandsareatriskofconversion
ResultinquanDfiablegreenhousegas(GHG)reducDons
Date|6
EligibleProjectTypes
Strategy&OutcomegrantsforaspecificsetofapproachesandoutcomesthatciDes,counDesandtheirpartnerswillusetoprotectagriculturallandresourcesunderthreatofconversionAgriculturalConservaDonEasementsgrantstopermanentlyprotectimportantagriculturallandunderthreatofconversion.
Date|7
NEXTSTEPS(subjecttochange)
March2nd: PublicHearingonDracGuidelinesMarch17th: PublicCommentsDueonDracSALCGuidelinesMarch/April: QuanDficaDonMethodologyupdatesandpublicreviewApril: FinalGuidelinesrecommendedforapprovalbySGC
Release2016-17SALCRequestforProposalsMay-July: TechnicalWorkshopsAugust: ApplicaDonsDueDecember: AwardsrecommendedforapprovalbySGC
Date|8
WilliamsonAct&OtherEfforts
Date|9
EffortsUnderway LegislaDontowatch
OpportuniDestoEngage
MoreinformaDon:AssistantDirectorBenTurnerDepartmentofConservaDon
ThankYou!
Copyright©2011EarthEconomics
Integra(ngEcosystemServicesintoPlanning,PolicyandFunding
SantaClaraCountyClimate&AgriculturalProtec(onPlan
(CAPP)
§ ValleyofHeartsDelightandoneofna8on’smostproduc8vefarmingregionsun8llate1960’s
§ 8,100workersemployedannually§ Whiletheagbasehasdeclined,the
peracrevaluehasincreased§ GrossProduc8onValueof$279
million(2014)§ Mul8plierEffectTotalEconomic
Outputof$1.6million(2014)
TheEconomicContribu(onofAginSantaClaraCounty
SantaClaraCountyAgriculturalLandConversionsSince1984
45%lossoffarmland9,980acresofagriculturallandconvertedtootheruses4,225acres(42%)duetocityannexa8ons5,755acres(58%)duetoruralresiden8aldevelopment
• 83%ofconversionsonparcels10acresorless
SAN BENITOCOUNTY
SANTA CLARACOUNTY
SANTA CRUZCOUNTY
£¤101
£¤101
Gilroy
MorganHill
SanJose
California Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program
Area Overview ofAgricultural Lands and Conversions: 1984-2014
1Miles °
Farmlands, 2014 (24,100 acres)
ConversionsAgricultural Related Urban/Other (1,1010 acres)
Converted to Urban/Other Uses (9,982 acres)
FutureProjectedBuildoutPerAdoptedGeneralPlans
DevelopingaClimateandAgriculturalProtec(onProgram(CAPP)forSouthernSantaClaraCounty
§ Mappriorityfarmlandsandassess
conversionrisk§ Evalua8onofgreenhousegasemissions
(BAUvs.conserva8on/higherdensity)§ Integratedlanduse/agpolicies-
County,Ci8esofSanJose,MorganHillandGilroy
§ RegionalAgriculturalConserva8on
EasementProgram
§ PublicAwareness/Marke8ngCampaign
2013AgriculturalTotalEconomicContribu8on
$1.6billionNaturalAreas&WorkingLandsAnnualEcosystemServiceValue
$1.6billionto$3.9billionNaturalCapitalAssetValue(100-yrNPV)
$162billionto$386billion
Copyright©2011EarthEconomics
SantaClaraCountyCAPPBaselineGHGAnalysis
• CityEmissions69.2MTCO2peracreperyear• AgriculturalEmissions0.86MTCO2peracreperyear
• UrbanAreas778meshigherGHGemissionsthanfromagriculturalland
Natural Areas & Working Lands Annual Ecosystem Service Value
$1.6billionto$3.9billionNatural Capital Asset Value (100-yr NPV)
$162billionto$386billion
EconomicValueofNatural&WorkingLands
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ScaleofFarminginSantaClaraCounty
THE TOOL BOX: CONSERVING WORKING LANDS & CREATING A VIBRANT AG ECONOMY
Land Use Policy Framework Branding & Education
Economic Development Strategies
Conservation Programs and Financial Incentives
Santa Clara County Santa Clara Valley Open Space Authority Amie MacPhee, Cultivate Ag Innovations Network Steve Shaffer Sibella Krauss, SAGE Matt Kowta, BAE Urban Economics
CAPP Team :
FARMLANDCONSERVATIONANDGHGREDUCTION:
WhatCouldWeDoMore?Prof.StephenM.Wheeler
DepartmentofHumanEcologyLandscapeArchitectureProgram
PRESERVINGFARMLANDISPARTOFTHEGHGREDUCTIONPICTURE
Jackson,Wheeler,Hadenetal.studies2009-2013showed
1)thaturbanizingfarmlandproducesupto70xincreaseinGHGs/acre
2)thatcompact,infilldevelopmentcanhalve2050GHGsfromtransporta\onandbuildingscomparedtoBAU
California’s2030scopingplan
• Endorsesprotec\ngworkinglands• Callsforsustainablelanduseandanintegratedsystemsapproach
• GHGreduc\onsfromlanduseprogramsprimarilyaccountedforwithinmobilesourcereduc\ons
CO-BENEFITS…offarmlandprotecEonplusgoodinfilldevelopmentplanning
§ Morecompact,mixed-usecommuni\es
§ Lessmotorvehicletraffic(20-40%lessVMT/cap;Ewingetal.2007)
§ Morebiking,walking,andpublictransit
§ Lowermunicipalinfrastructurecost(Burchelletal.,2005)
§ Morediversecommuni\es
§ Supportforlocalbusinesses§ Morehealthydemocracy(?)
SALC:IMPROVINGGHGREDUCTIONMEASUREMENT
§ CalculatedusingtheCalEEModmodelvs.farmingusesoftheland
§ SALCimprovedin2015-16byaddingupzoningassump\ons(whenfarmlandisurbanized,zoneddensityincreases)
§ Onlyconsidersvehicleemissions;addingbuilding,landscape,andHHconsump\onemissionsaswellaspoten\alagsequestra\onwouldshowgreaterGHGreduc\ons
§ Aregionalgrowthmodelcouldyieldhighestaccuracyofemissionsreduc\onsbutdifficulttodo
MINIMIZINGTHELEAKAGEPROBLEMWillgrowthjumpoverconservedparcels?Riskcanbeminimizedby
§ MakingSALCinvestmentsinmetroareaswithlimitedfringeland,stronggrowthmanagement,and/orstronginfilldevelopment
§ PlanninggrantsforUrbanGrownBoundaries§ Higherra\ngforSALCprojectswithoutnearbyunprotectedfarmland
§ ClusteredSALCgrantstoeliminate“leapfrog”opportuni\es
§ Limi\ngstateinfrastructuremoneyto“priorityfundingareas”designatedinconjunc\onwithSB375
SALCandSB375§ SB375(2008)requiresCAmetroregionstoadoptSustainableCommuni\es
Strategiesintegra\nglanduse,transporta\on,andhousingpoliciessoastoreducepercapitamotorvehicleGHGs
§ Notgoingwell:UnderSanDiego’sSCS,totalCO2rises30%by2050§ “Withoutstrongstateorfederalmandatesorincen\vesthatfavorthepolicy
outcomesenvisionedinSB375,thelawexpectsmorefromMPOsthantheycaneasilyaccomplish.”(Barbour&Deakin,2012)
§ That’swhereSALC,AHSCandotherprogramscomein….
WAYSTOSTRENGTHENSB375&MINIMIZELANDUSE-RELATEDGHGs
1) RequireMPOstodesignate“priorityconserva\onareas”and“priorityfundingareas”inconjunc\onwithSB375planning
2) Priori\zeSALC&AHSCgrantstotheseareasandrestrictstateinfrastructurefundingtoserveexis\ngdevelopment&prioritygrowthareas
3) Settargetsforloweringfarmlandconversion(80%lessby2030?)
SALC,AHSC,TCC,SB375bestseenasfirststepstowardamorecomprehensivestatelanduse/housing/transitframework
References§ Barbour,ElisaandElizabethDeakin.2012.“SmartGrowthPlanningforClimateProtec\on.”
JournaloftheAmericanPlanningAssocia4on.78(1).
§ Burchell,RobertW.etal.2005.SprawlCosts:EconomicImpactsofUncheckedDevelopment.Washington,D.C.:IslandPress.
§ Ewing,Reidetal.2008.“UrbanDevelopmentandClimateChange.”JournalofUrbanism.1(3)201-216.
§ Haden,VanRyan,MichaelDempsey,StephenWheeler,WilliamA.Salas,LouiseJackson.2012.“UseofLocalGreenhouseGasInventoriestoPriori\zeOpportuni\esforClimateAc\onPlanningandVoluntaryMi\ga\onbyAgriculturalStakeholdersinCalifornia.”JournalofEnvironmentalPlanningandManagement.1-19.
§ Wheeler,StephenM.,MihaelaTomuta,VanRyanHaden,andLouiseE.Jackson.2013.“TheImpactsofAlterna\vePaqernsofUrbaniza\ononGreenhouseGasEmissionsinanAgriculturalCounty.”JournalofUrbanism.6(3)213-235.
