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THE USE OF NOUGHTS AND CROSSES GAME
TO IMPROVE THE STUDENTS’ MASTERY OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE
(A Classroom Action Research in the Eighth Grade
of MTs. Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar in Academic Year 2014/2015)
By
Siti Wahyu Endah Permatasari
NIM. 201132115
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
2015
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THE USE OF NOUGHTS AND CROSSES GAME
TO IMPROVE THE STUDENTS’ MASTERY OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE
(A Classroom Action Research in the Eighth Grade
of MTs. Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar in Academic Year 2014/2015)
SKRIPSI
Presented to the University of Muria Kudus
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Completing
the Sarjana Program in the Department of English Education
By
Siti Wahyu Endah Permatasari
NIM. 201132115
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
2015
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MOTTO
The best people is people who can give benefit to others
Do the best every time
Always say basmalah before doing everything, try to do the best in doing
it, and say hamdalah after that
Be cheerful as always, be smart, and be patience
Dedication
To her great parents
(Mr. Nor Cholis and Mrs. Lasmini)
To her beloved brother
(M. Kholisul Fuad)
To her best friends
To everyone who loves her
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah, praise to Allah the lord who gave blessing to the writer
during the study and in completing the final project entitled THE USE OF
NOUGHTS AND CROSSES GAME TO IMPROVE THE STUDENTS’
MASTERY OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE (A Classroom Action Research in the
Eighth Grade of MTs. Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar in Academic Year
2014/2015).
Furthermore, the writer would like to express the sincerity gratitude and
appreciation for the available assistance given by many people in finishing this
research. They are:
1. Dr. Drs. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd., the Dean of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty of Muria Kudus University and the first advisor who gave the best
support and guided in finishing this research
2. Diah Kurniati, S.Pd., M.Pd., the Head of English Education Department of
Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University
3. Rusiana, M.Pd., the second advisor who gave careful correction, good
suggestion, and encouragement during the consultation
4. Drs. Abdul Kholiq, the headmaster of MTs. Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar who
had given permission for the writer to conduct the research
5. Sulistyo Windarti, S.Pd., the English teacher of MTs. Mazroatul Huda
Karanganyar who had helped the writer in conducting research
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6. All lecturers in English Education Department of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University who had taught during studying
in this faculty
7. All my friends especially Lisa, Dewi, Widi, Nia, and Umi who have given
support and shared knowledge in finishing the research
8. All students in English Education Department in academic year 2010/2011
who gave contribution to the writer during “SKRIPSI”
9. All students in the eighth D grade of MTs. Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar in
academic year 2014/2015 who had welcome and participated in the research
Finally, the writer appreciates and accepts criticism and suggestion for this
research from the reader. The writer hopes this research can be beneficial and
helpful in teaching English.
Kudus, July 2014
The writer
Siti Wahyu Endah P.
NIM. 201132115
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ABSTRACT
Wahyu Endah Permatasari, Siti. 2015. The use of noughts and crosses game to
improve the students’ mastery of simple past tense (A classroom action
research in the eighth grade at MTs. Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar in
academic year 2014/2015). Skripsi. English Education Department,
Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University.
Advisors: (i) Dr. Drs. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd., (ii) Rusiana, S.Pd., M.Pd.,
Keywords: Simple past tense, noughts and crosses game, and eighth grade
students of MTs. Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar
In learning English, there are four skills should be mastered they are:
speaking, reading, listening, and writing. Besides that, students should learn
grammar. Grammar is important to build sentence. Grammar material for the
eighth grade students is simple past tense. The writer focuses on the improvement
of students’ mastery of simple past tense; because they have difficulty in
arranging sentence and changing infinitive become past tense. In this research, the
writer uses noughts and crosses game to improve the students’ mastery of simple
past tense of the eighth grade students of MTs. Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar.
These objectives of the research are to find out whether noughts and
crosses game can improve students’ mastery of simple past tense, to describe the
process of teaching simple past tense by using noughts and crosses game, and to
describe the students’ response of teaching simple past tense by using noughts and
crosses game in the eighth grade of MTs Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar Demak in
academic year 2014/2015
The design of the research is classroom action research which consists of
four steps, namely: planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. This research was
conducted in two cycles. The subject is the eighth grade students of MTs.
Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar which has 40 students. The writer used three
instruments to collect the data. They were observation sheet, achievement test,
and questionnaire.
The result of this research showed that the use of noughts and crosses
game can improve the students’ mastery of simple past tense. The average score
of students’ mastery of simple past tense in cycle 1 was 70 categorized fair. It is
increased in cycle 2 it was 83 which is categorized very satisfying. The
implementation of noughts and crosses game was successful. The students are
active, pay attention and enjoy in teaching and learning process. The students also
gave positive response on the use of noughts and crosses game. They had
motivation and enthusiasm in learning simple past tense by suing noughts and
crosses game.
Noughts and crosses game can improve the students’ mastery of simple
past tense. The writer suggested to the teacher to apply noughts and crosses game
as alternative technique to teach simple past tense. By using noughts and crosses
game, the students are easy to make sentence and enjoy in the teaching and
learning process.
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ABSTRAK
Wahyu Endah Permatasari, Siti. 2015. Penggunaan Noughts and Crosses Game
untuk Meningkatkan Penguasaan Siswa terhadap Simple Past Tense
(Penelitian Tindakan Kelas di Kelas Delapan MTs. Mazroatul Huda
Karanganyar Tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015). Skripsi. Jurusan Pendidikan
Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas
Muria Kudus. Dosen pembimbing: (i) Dr. Drs. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd.,
(ii) Rusiana, S.Pd, M.Pd
Kata kunci: Simple past tense, Noughts and crosses game, dan kelas delapan Mts.
Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar
Dalam belajar bahasa inggris, ada empat kemampuan yang harus dikuasai
yaitu berbicara, membaca, mendengar, dan menulis. Selain itu, siswa harus belajar
tata bahasa. Tata bahasa penting untuk membangun kalimat. Materi tata bahasa
untuk siswa kelas delapan adalah simple past tense. Penulis fokus pada
peningkatan kemampuan siswa terhadap simple past tense, karena mereka
mempunyai kesulitan dalam menyusun kalimat dan mengubah kata kerja pertama
menjadi kata kerja kedua. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan noughts
and crosses game untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa terhadap simple past
tense di kelas delapan MTs. Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan apakah noughts and
crosses game dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa terhadap simple past tense,
untuk menggambarkan proses pengajaran simple past tense menggunakan noughts
and crosses game, dan menggambarkan respon siswa terhadap pengajaran simple
past tense menggunakan noughts and crosses game di kelas delapan MTs.
Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar tahun ajaran 2014/2015
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan noughts and crosses
game dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa terhadap simple past tense. Nilai
rata-rata kemampuan siswa terhadap simple past tense di siklus pertama adalah 70
dikategorikan cukup. Itu meningkat di siklus kedua yaitu 83 dikategorikan sangat
memuaskan. Siswa menjadi aktiv, perhatian dan senang dalam proses pengajaran
dan pembelajaran. Siswa juga memberi respon positif terhadap penggunaan
noughts and crosses game. mereka mempunyai motivasi dan antusias dalam
belajar simple past tense menggunakan noughts and crosse game.
Noughts and crosses game dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa
terhadap simple past tense. Penulis menyarankan pada guru untuk
mengaplikasikan noughts and crosses game sebagai tehnik alternatif untuk
mengajar simple past tense. Dengan menggunakan noughts and crosses game,
siswa menjadi mudah untuk membuat kalimat dan senang dalam proses mengajar
dan belajar.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
COVER ........................................................................................................... i
LOGO .............................................................................................................. ii
TITLE ............................................................................................................. iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ...................................................................... iv
ADVISORS’ APPROVAL ............................................................................ v
EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL ......................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. vii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... ix
ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... x
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................... xi
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... xiv
LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................... xv
LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................... xvi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ................................................................... 1
1.1 Background of the Study .......................................................................... 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem ......................................................................... 4
1.3 Objectives of the Research ....................................................................... 4
1.4 Significance of the Research .................................................................... 5
1.5 Scope of the Research ............................................................................... 6
1.6 Operational Definition .............................................................................. 6
CHAPTER II REVIEW RELATED TO LITERATURE AND ACTION
HYPOTHESIS ...................................................................... 7
2.1 Teaching English in MTs. Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar Demak ............. 7
2.1.1 Curriculum of English Subjects in the Eighth Grade Students of MTs.
Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar Demak ...................................................... 8
2.1.2 Purpose of teaching English in the Eighth Grade Students of MTs.
Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar Demak ...................................................... 8
2.1.3 Materials of the English Subject in the Eighth Grade Students of MTs.
Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar Demak ...................................................... 9
2.1.4 Technique of teaching English in the Eighth Grade of MTs. Mazroatul
Huda Karanganyar Demak ....................................................................... 10
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2.2 Grammar ................................................................................................... 10
2.2.1 Definition of Grammar ............................................................................ 11
2.3 Tenses ......................................................................................................... 11
2.3.1 Definition of Tense ................................................................................. 11
2.3.2 Types of Tense ........................................................................................ 12
2.4 Simple Past Tense ...................................................................................... 12
2.4.1 Definition of Simple Past Tense ............................................................. 13
2.4.2 The Pattern of Simple Past Tense ........................................................... 13
2.4.3 The Function of Simple Past Tense ........................................................ 16
2.4.4 The Time Signal of simple past tense ..................................................... 16
2.5 Noughts and Crosses Game ...................................................................... 17
2.5.1 General Introductory of Noughts and Crosses Game ............................. 17
2.5.2 Advantages of Noughts and Crosses Game ............................................ 18
2.6 Noughts and Crosses Game to Teach Simple Past Tense .......................... 18
2.7 Previous Research ...................................................................................... 20
2.8 Theoretical Framework .............................................................................. 21
2.9 Action Hypothesis ...................................................................................... 23
CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH ...................................... 24
3.1 Setting and Characteristic of the Subject of the Research ........................ 24
3.2 Variable of the Research ........................................................................... 25
3.3 Design of the Research ............................................................................. 25
3.3.1 Planning .................................................................................................. 26
3.3.2 Action ...................................................................................................... 27
3.3.3 Observation ............................................................................................. 27
3.3.4 Analysis and Reflection .......................................................................... 28
3.4 Technique of the Collecting Data .............................................................. 28
3.5 Instrument of the Research......................................................................... 29
3.6 Data Analysis ............................................................................................. 29
3.7 Indicators of Success .................................................................................. 32
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CHAPTER IV FINDING OF THE RESEARCH ....................................... 33
4.1 Pre Cycle .................................................................................................... 33
4.2 The Result of Cycle 1 ................................................................................. 35
4.3 The Result of Cycle 2 ................................................................................. 49
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION ......................................................................... 62
5.1 The Students’ Mastery of Simple Past Tense in the Eighth Grade
of MTs. Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar in Academic Year 2014/2015. .... 62
5.2 The Implementation of Noughts and Crosses Game in Teaching
Simple Past Tense in the Eighth Grade Students of MTs. Mazroatul
Huda Karanganyar in Academic Year 2014/2015 .................................... 63
5.3 The Students’ Response on the Use of Noughts and Crosses Game
in the Eighth Grade of MTs. Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar
in Academic Year 2014/2015 ................................................................... 67
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ............................... 69
6.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................. 69
6.2 Suggestion .................................................................................................. 70
BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 72
APPENDICES ................................................................................................ 74
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LIST OF TABLES
Page
2.1 The Patterns of Verbal and Nominal Sentences of Simple Past Tense ..... 13
2.2 The Patterns of Verbal and Nominal Negatives Sentence of Simple Past
Tense ......................................................................................................... 14
2.3 The Patterns of Verbal and Nominal Interrogatives Sentence of Simple
Past Tense ................................................................................................. 14
2.4 The Regular Verbs of Simple Past Tense Forms ....................................... 15
2.5 The Irregular Verbs of Simple Past Tense Forms .....................................
3.1 Description of the Measurement of the Students’ Achievement .............. 31
4.1 Data of Students’ Score of Midterm Test ................................................. 34
4.2 The Observation Result of Teacher’s and Students’ Activity in Teaching
and Learning Simple Past Tense by Using Noughts and Crosses Game
in the First Meeting of Cycle 1 ................................................................. 37
4.3 The Observation Result of Teacher’s and Students’ Activity in Teaching
and Learning Simple Past Tense by Using Noughts and Crosses Game
in the Second Meeting of Cycle 1 ............................................................. 40
4.4 The Students’ Score of Achievement Test in Cycle 1 ............................... 44
4.5 The Students’ Response on the Use of Noughts and Crosses Game in
Learning Simple Past Tense ...................................................................... 46
4.6 The Observation Result of Teacher’s and Students’ Activity in Teaching
and Learning Simple Past Tense by Using Noughts and Crosses Game
in the First Meeting of Cycle 2 ................................................................. 50
4.7 The Observation Result of Teacher’s and Students’ Activity in Teaching
and Learning Simple Past Tense by Using Noughts and Crosses Game
in the Second Meeting of Cycle 2 ............................................................. 54
4.8 The Students’ Score of Achievement Test in Cycle 2 ............................... 57
4.9 Students Response on the Use of Noughts and Crosses Game ................ 59
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TABLE OF FIGURES
Page
2.1 Grid of Noughts and Crosses Game (Grid A and Grid Irregular Verb ...... 19
2.2 Theoretical Framework .............................................................................. 22
3.1 Cyclical AR Model Based on Kemmis and MC. Taggart .......................... 26
4.1 Diagram of Interpretation Data .................................................................. 61
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
1. Syllabus of MTs.Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar ....................................... 74
2. Lesson Plan of Cycle 1 ............................................................................. 90
3. Lesson Plan of Cycle 2 ............................................................................. 99
4. Observation Sheet in Cycle 1 .................................................................... 108
5. Observation Sheet in Cycle 2 .................................................................... 112
6. Students Test in Cycle 1 ........................................................................... 116
7. Students Test in Cycle 2 ........................................................................... 117
8. The Students’ Score of Midterm Test ....................................................... 118
9. The Students’ Score of Achievement Test in Cycle 1 .............................. 119
10. The Students’ Score of Achievement Test in Cycle 2 .............................. 120
11. The Answer Key of Achievement Test in Cycle 1 ................................... 121
12. The Answer Key of Achievement Test in Cycle 2 ................................... 122
13. Questionnaire for Students ........................................................................ 123
14. Surat Keterangan ....................................................................................... 124
15. Surat Permohonan Ijin Penelitian ............................................................. 125
16. Surat Keterangan Selesai Bimbingan ........................................................ 126
17. Surat Bukti Penelitian ............................................................................... 127
18. Surat Permohonan Ujian Skripsi ............................................................... 128
19. Statement ................................................................................................... 129
20. Berita Acara Bimbingan ........................................................................... 130
21. Documentation .......................................................................................... 132
22. Curriculum Vitae ...................................................................................... 133