thinktank design 2

8/9/2019 ThinkTank Design 2

1/32

JTMKXNQM NGH]ZXTNMZ

hmzncgVkut`fmlx}f Zsf V~zl6

J~lo dmvukxg~jb zvl`om n sktzvxkxs hok ati

Utv~lkh~ h`dt~jb utklx~l sv`tgnjv~jbU`txko sv`tgnjxsk

Xtmgh~ n s~hktvmgnk6

, 4; hmzncg zx`tnmz6 gkfomunmf vkut`fmlx`skgm ut`h}lx~

, Tm'h}jm/ Tm'}zm/ Tm'j~jom

, Nikcngm J}u6 ut`fmlx`skgnm }z}c

UT@JMZ UT@FMLX@SKGNK

Fkl u`snggk hvnkk atik/

lxtk jbjm zxs`tv~

ngg`skj~fgm ut`h}lx~ n }z}cn0

tml`imghkjfm zx}hnk utv~ukhl} gkfomuzvm utklx~ln,

g}imt44

5;5

,


2/32

Ut`fmlx ik vk vkhkgnm h`zxktjv~ zumjfkonzx~jvgmf snmhv~/ imx`hò`cnn n utklx~jvg~jb t`v)

snvk h`x~jvj~jb xs`tvmgnk ngg`skj~fg~jb sv`tgnjv` ut`h}lxs n zl}xmjvgmc` vktv)

hvkgnk sut`skhvkgnmi njb gk t~gml'

H@ L@C@ KHTMZ@SKG^ FMZX UT@FMLX VZV0

, H` s~zvmf n tmhgnmf lkht~ vktvhvkfjmf tkv zumjfkonzxs hz' t`vs`f} g`s~jbut`h}lxs s h}~jb/ tmhgnjb n ik~jb utvmhzndn`tzxskjb'

, H` ut`fmlxkgxs sv`tgnjxsk/ jv~on zumjfkonzxs/ ut`fmlxkgxs ngh~snh}kog~jb/tmutmvmgxkgxs tkv skjnjnmon zx}hns ut`fmlx`s~jb'

L@TV^JN V ]HVNK] S UT@FMLJNM

Ut`fmlx }iònsnk utvmhzndn`tjì u`hgnmznmgnm u`vnì} snmhv~ v vkltmz}6

, sv`tgnjxsk fkl` gktvhvnk l`gl}tmgj~fg`jn/ ngg`skjfn n u`hg`zvmgnk v~zl`sg`jn ti/, imx`h sut`skhvkgnk gk t~gml g`s~jb sv`tgnjv` ut`h}lxs/, imx`h szuutkj~ v ut`fmlxkgxkin'

Ut`fmlxkgjn vh`dh snmhv n }inmfxg`jn v vkltmz} t~gl`smc` l`gxmlzx} sv`tgnjxsk

n ut`fmlx`skgnk "xmjbgò`cnm/ iktlmxngc/ zutvmhk. tkv szuutkj~ v utvmhzndn`tjkin

s ut`jmznm shtkkgnk g`smc` ut`h}lx}'

UT@FMLX @DMFI]FM

, dmvukxgm sktzvxkx~ hok utvmhzndn`tjs n ut`fmlxkgxs, m)omktgngc ) ngxmtklx~sgm omljfm/ gkfg`szvm gktvhvnk i}oxnimhnkogm/ xmzx~ zutkshvkfjm

u`vnì snmhv~

, u`htjvgnl Hmzncg Ikgkcmimgx' Vktvhvkgnm Sv`tgnjxsmi, u`txko ngxmtgmx`s~ ) uokxa`tik lì}gnlkjfn/ mh}lkjfn n utì`jfn sv`tgnjxsk, u`gkh 45 s~zxks h`dt~jb utklx~l sv`tgnjv~jb utmvmgx}fj~jb ut`jmz~ n i`hmom

dnvgmz`sm vsnvkgm v shtkkgnmi g`s~jb ut`h}lxs tkv ut`h}lx~ fkl` sv`tjm

h` gkokh`skgnk

sss'vzv'jì'uo

Vkut`fmlx}f Zsf V~zl x` zltj`gk gkvsk l o}jv`smc` ut`fmlx} Uùtksk l`gl}tmgj~fg`jn

utvmhzndn`tzxs uùtvmv sv`tgnjx s` "ngg`skjfk ut`jmz`sk n ut`h}lx`sk./ tmkonv`skgmc`

utvmv Ngzx~x}x Sv`tgnjxsk Utvmi~z`smc` s xmtingnm `h 5;'5>'4552 h` :5';4'45;;'

Vkut`fmlx}f Zsf V~zl "s zltjnm6 VZV. h`gkgz`skg~ fmzx vm t`hls M}tùmfzlnmc` A}gh}zv}

T`vs`f} Tmcn`gkogmc` s tkikjb Ut`ctki} @umtkj~fgmc` Ngg`skj~fgk C`zu`hktlk/

@ utn`t~xmx`sk =' H~a}vfk ngg`skjfn/ Hvnkkgnk6 ='4' Szunmtkgnm ngzx~x}jfn `x`jvmgnk dnvgmz}

snkhjvj~jb }z}cn ut`ngg`skj~fgm `tkv njb znmjn ` vgkjvmgn} u`gkhtmcn`gkog~i'

X~u ut`fmlx}6 Ut`fmlx ngh~snh}kog~ NSU'


3/32No}zxtkjfkgk`lkhjm6Smgx~okx`tH~z`gKntI}onxuonmt/a

`x'H~z

`gNgj'

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

XX hmzncg4 P :

Utvmhzndn`tjv`/sv`tgnjxs`/ v~zl

Ngzx~x}x Sv`tgnjxsk Utvmi~z`smc` x` fmh~gm s Uòzjm jmgxt}i

dkhksjv`)t`vs`f`sm/ lxtm vkfi}fm zn mlzumtjl` ut`domikx~l

sv`tgnjxsk n shtkkgnk c` s atikjb' Z}~ xmi} tsgnm ut`)

ctki Vkut`fmlx}f Zsf V~zl/ khtmz`skg~ h` utvmhzndn`tzxs/

lxtm jbj gk}jv~ zn omunmf l`tv~zxk v sv`tgnjxsk' S lòmfg~jb/

}lkv}fj~jb zn j` lsktxk h`hkxlkjb XBNGLXKGL Hmzncg/ utv~don)

ki~ lsmzxnm lo}jv`sm hok }hkgmf szuutkj~ v utvmhzndn`tjkin'

Xt}hg`/ v fkl ati~ khkux}f i~omgnm ut`fmlx`sm h` zs`fm)

c` hvnkkgnk/ s~gnlk u` jvjn v gnmh`jmgnkgnk tòn sv`tgnjxsk'

Hmzncg s atinm x` gnm x~ol` mxku gkhkskgnk ut`h}lx`sn `zxk)

xmjvgmc` lzvxkx}' X ut`jmz/ lxt~ h`x~jv~ szv~zxlnjb mxkus

i~omgnk ` lonmgjnm/ ut`h}ljnm n ut`h}ljfn' @dmfi}fm vt`v}inmgnm

u`xtvmd lonmgxk/ ngg`skjf/ svt/ ut`h}ljf `tkv iktlmxngc' Fkl`

xkln/ s~ikck zu`ftvmgnk z~zxmi`smc`/ v umtzumlx~s~ jkmf ati~

n szv~zxlnjb vkjb`hvj~jb s gnmf ut`jmzs' S~ikck x~i zki~i

g`s~jb }inmfxg`jn vktvhvkgnk vktsg` ut`jmzmi/ fkl n `tck)

gnvkjf/ lxtk c` sut`skhvk'

Modnmxk @unk

h~tmlx`t vktvhvkfj~

ut`fmlxkin lo}jv`s~in

s Ngzx~x}jnm Sv`tgnjxsk Utvmi~z`smc`

hmzncg

;' Omuzvk l`gxtòk gkh t`vs`fmi ut`h}lxs/ vktvhvkgnm t`vs`fmi'

4' U`txamo ut`h}lxs "o}d }z}c./ lxtm omunmf `hu`snkhkf

gk u`xtvmd~ lonmgxs'

:' S~xs`tvmgnm }gnlkx`smf utvmskcn l`gl}tmgj~fgmf `tckgnvkjfn'

8' Snlzvk ngg`skj~fg` `tckgnvkjfn/ }sògnmgnm ltmkx~sg`jn vmzu`}'

=' S h}cni `ltmznm `dgnmgnm l`zvxs hvnkkgnk `tckgnvkjfn'

=u`s`hs/ hok lxt~jb ut`jmz ut`fmlx`skgnk szunmtk t`vsf tckgnvkjfn


4/32

Utà ;5 x` utv~lkh

`hl}tvkjvk hì`smc` ut`zxmf/k fmhg`jvmgnm tvkhl` zu`x~lkgmf/

un`g`smf l`gzxt}ljfn tkv

xmjbgnjvg~jb uktkimxtkjb

`hl}tvkjvk ut`mzf`gkogmc`'

Utv~lkh }hkgmf szuutkj~

inhv~ ati ut`fmlx`s

"Mtc` Hmzncg/ 4558.

k ut`h}jmgxmi

Utà M}tùm'

UT@H]LX^0

FKL U@SZXKF

JBXGNM L]U@SKGM

X M L Z X 7 Kghtvmf inkml


5/32

Fkl zxs`tv~ut`h}lx/ u` lxt~ lonmgx zncgnm gk ujm0

S jvkzkjb/ ch~ co`dkonvkjfk gnmiko vts)

gkk l`zvx~ ut`h}ljfn/ hu`snmh gk x` u~)

xkgnm s~i~lk zn sjvmgnmf d`snv}fj~i

zjbmikxì' Ch~ h`hk h` xmc` klx/ m fk)

l` fmzx u`h`dgk/ k tmlokik hvnkk zkdnmf/

x` fmzvjvm xt}hgnmf vgkom `hu`snmh' U`h)

zxks`sm u`xtvmd~ l`gz}imgxs s ltkfkjb

t`vsngnx~jb f} hksg` v`zxk~ vkzu`l`f`)gm' Utklx~jvgnm lkh~ ik `hl}tvkjv/ utko)

l jv~ xmom g lìtl`s~' Uln zlomu`sm

}cngkf zn h ut`h}lxs u`h`dgmf fkl`jn/

h`zxug~jb s u`h`dgmf jmgnm' Kd~ zl`gn

`hdn`tj h` s~d`t} fmhgmc` v gnjb/ xtvmdk

vgkom zu`zd gk s~vsòmgnm mi`jfn/ lxtm

vt`hv utkcgnmgnm u`znkhkgnk' Jbxgnm l})

u}fmi~ ut`h}lx~ s~fxl`sm/ s~tgnkfjm

zn zu`th `mtx~ l`gl}tmgjfn/ zumgnkfjm

u`xtvmd~ hdn`tj~ jv~on ngg`skj~fgm'

, Xs`tvmgnm ngg`skjfn zxk` zn ikg)xt g`s`jvmzgmf c`zu`hktln/ zu`z`dmi}vgkg~i utvmv t~gl`s~jb onhmts vk gkf)

dkthvnmf zl}xmjvg~ s skojm v l`gl}tmgjf'

S Uòzjm u`xtvmdk u`zv}lnskgnk n shtkk)

gnk ngg`skj~fg~jb t`vsnvk d}hvn jvzx`

ol utvmhzndn`tjs/ lxtv~ s `zxkxgnjb

okxkjb vkngsmzx`skon lt`jnm "xklm hvnln

h`xkjfì v ]M. s g`s`jvmzgm ongnm ut`)

h}lj~fgm n u`xmgjfk zs`fmc` uktl} ik)

zv~g`smc`' Gkfsnjmf sxuons`jn s~gnlk

v `dks~/ jv~ i`mi~ l`gl}t`sk v co`)

dkog~in l`tu`tkjfkin gnm`ctkgnjv`g~jbd}hmxkjb iktlmxngc`s~jb n kgxkzx~jvgmf

znmjn h~zxt~d}jfn0 Jv~ uòzlnm ati~/ gnm

u`znkhkfj ctìg~jb okd`tkx`tns dkhk

n t`vs`f}/ z s zxkgnm zxs`tv~ lòmfgmc`

nUb`gmk0 Z}ljmz gnmlxt~jb uòzlnjb ik)

tml u`hu`snkhk/ m xkl+ Zvkgz gk s~fjnm

v u`fmh~gl} v co dkog~in onhmtkin `dt`gg

tl fmzx s~l`tv~zxkgnm u`xmgjfk} xlsnjm)

c` s uòzlni utvmi~om ltmkx~sg~i'

, Zxs`tvmgnm ut`h}lx} ngg`skj~fgmc`gnm vgkjvk/ m i}zn x` d~ zlìuonl`sk)

gm }tvhvmgnm s~l`tv~zx}fjm gkfsnlzvm`hlt~jnk xmjbgò`cnn j~t`smf/ lxtmc`

sht`mgnm l`zvx}fm inon g~' Gksmx ut`zxm

}tvhvmgnm j`hvnmggmc` }~xl} o}d g`s~

t`hvkf }z}cn i`c d~ ngg`skj~fgm/ fmon

vh`kf t`vsnvk h`x~jbjvkz gnmt`vsnvk)

g~ ut`domi' Xkln v u`v`t} vs~l~ ut`)

h}lx i`m lkvk zn z}ljmzmi t~gl`s~i

u`h skt}glnmi fmhgkl/ m utvmhzndn`tj~

`hlt~f l`tv~jn vm szuutkj~ v ut`fml)

xkgxkin'

, S~ikck x` fmhgkl tmsò}jfn s i~)omgn} ` ut`h}ljnm/ k s vkzkhvnm ` jk~iut`jmznm vktvhvkgnk t`vs`fmi g`smc`

ut`h}lx}/ jv~on }vgkgnk/ m fmc` jmomi gnm

fmzx fmh~gnm sht`mgnm g`smc` utvmhin`)

x}/ kom s~u`zkmgnm c` s jmjb~/ lxtm dh

kxtklj~fgm hok lonmgxk/ u`vsò i} s~t)

gn zn/ k gkzxugnm v z}ljmzmi }gljf`g`)

sk gk t~gl}' Xt}hg` xmc` h`l`gk dmv

vt`v}inmgnk tòn/ fkl s ut`jmznm x~i u`)

sngnmg `hct~sk hmzncg/ jv~on sv`tgnjxs`

utvmi~z`sm t`v}inkgm fkl` g`s`jvmzgk/

i}oxnh~zj~uongktgk hvnmhvngk snmhv~'

, Snmom gnmu`t`v}inm s~gnlk v dtkl}skjnsmc` t`v}inmgnk/ jv~i fmzx sv`t)gnjxs` utvmi~z`sm' Gkom~ s~tkgnmu`hltmon tgnj uìnhv~ sv`tgnj)

xsmi utvmi~z`s~i "ngh}zxtnko hmzncg.

k ngg~in hvnmhvngkin xstjv`jn u`x`jv)

gnm l`fktv`g~in v sv`tgnjxsmi/ gu' zvx})

lk }~xl`sk jv~ ktx hmzncg' Nzx`x utkj~

ut`fmlxkgxs sv`tgnjxsk utvmi~z`smc`

fmzx szuxs`tvmgnm t~gl`s~jb ut`h}lxs

s~xsktvkg~jb imx`hkin utvmi~z`s~in'

Jmomi fmzx t~gl`s~ z}ljmz utvmhzndn`tj~/snj ut`h}lx~ gnm i`c d~ s~tkvmi ng)

h~snh}kog~jb kgxkvfn ut`fmlxkgxk/ i}zv

zl}xmjvgnm tmkonv`sk u`xtvmd~ hdn`tjs'

, A}gljfk utv~unz~skgk ut`fmlxkgxìfmzx zxtkxmcnjvgk/ k gnm fkl hksgnmf }sk)kg` `ctkgnjv`gk u`h svcohmi sktx`)

jn ltmkj~fgmf h` gkhkskgnk utvmhin`xì

jmjb snv}kog~jb "jv~on zx~onvkjfn.' Sdtms

}xtsko`gmi} zxmtm`x~u`sn/ x` skgnm

Szuutkjk inhv~ utvmhzndn`tjkin k vmzu`kin ut`fmlx`s~in

fmzx mmlx~sgk x~ol` s utv~ukhl}/ ch~ lìumxmgjfm vsnvkgm

v ltm`skgnmi ngg`skj~fg~jb n kxtklj~fg~jb s `tinm ut`h}lxs

z u`snvkgm vm zl}xmjvg~i vktvhvkgnmi ut`jmzmi

t`vs`f} g`smc` ut`h}lx}'

XX hmzncg8 P =


6/32

ut`fmlxkgjn/ hvnln vgkfì`jn h`zxug~jb

xmjbgò`cnn/ snmhv~ ` t~gl} n vkjb`skgnkjb

l`gz}imgjlnjb/ i`c u`zv}lnsk g`s~jb

t`vsnvk/ lxtm omunmf zumgn utkcgnmgnk

n u`xtvmd~ `hdn`tjs/ k xklm svd`ckj

ut`h}lx ` sktx` h`hkg/ jv~on x` j`/ j`

zutksnk/ m l}u}fj~ s~dnmtk zu`th snmo}ngg~jb skgnm xmg/ l`gltmxg~ ut`h}lx' Xs`)

tvmgnm sktx`jn h`hkgmf x` fmhmg v gkfomuzv~jb

zu`z`ds gk d}h`skgnm utvmskcn l`gl}tmg)

j~fgmf utvmhzndn`tzxs'

, U`c` vk ngg`skjf zutksnk/ m t`vsfg`smc` ut`h}lx} zxkfm zn ut`jmzmi j`tkvdkthvnmf v``g~i n u`h`dgnm fkl sv`tgnj)xs` utvmi~z`sm/ j`tkv zvmtvmf s~l`tv~zx}fm

snmhv u`jb`hvj v snmo} hvnmhvng' Vkkgck)

`skgnm ut`fmlxkgxs s fmc` u`zvjvmcog~jb

mxkukjb gnm fmzx/ tvmjv fkzgk/ tsgìnmtgm'Gnmignmf/ jbjj zxs`tv~ ut`h}lx/ lxt~ lk)

m zn t~gl`s~i z}ljmzmi/ xtvmdk }svcoh)

gn lo}jv`s tò hmzncgmts s j` gkfignmf

hsjb mxkukjb uùtvmhvkfj~jb smfjnm ut`)

h}lx} gk t~gml n s~l`tv~zxk njb h`snkhjvm)

gnm h ùnmln gkh fmc t~gl`s~i ~jnmi'

, Snmhvk x~i/ m ut`jmz t`vs`f} ut`h}l)x}/ lxt~ dhvnm ngg`skj~fg~ n l`gl}tmgj~f)g~/ s~ikck j`tkv snlzv~jb lìumxmgjfn/u`snggk vkjbjk utvmhzndn`tj h` l`tv~)zxkgnk v }z}c ut`mzf`gkog~jb vmzu`s ut`)

fmlx`s~jb' X~i dkthvnmf/ m njb l`zvx/ s u`)

tsgkgn} v l`zvxkin sht`mgnk ut`h}lx}/

sut`skhvmgnk n }xtv~ikgnk c` gk t~gl}/ fmzx

zx`z}gl`s` gnms~z`ln' Gkfomunmf s~u`zk`gm

ongnm ut`h}lj~fgm gnm vh`kf s~cmgmt`sk

s~z`lnmc` v~zl}/ fmon ut`h}lx~ gk gnjb s~)

xsktvkgm dh utvmzxktvkm n om vkut fmlx`sk)

gm/ k ut`jmz njb t`vs`f} dhvnm om vktvhvkg~

n gnm s~l`tv~zxk u`xmgjfk} hmzncg}'

, U`zv}lnskgnm zu`z`dg`jn t~gl`smfn a`ti}`skgnm vk`m h` ut`fmlx} xsnmtk

ut`jmz u`szxkskgnk g`smc` ut`h}lx}' Gk x~i mxkunm h`l`)g}fm zn kgkonv~ t~gl}/ l`gl}tmgjfn n l`zvxs/ k gkzxugnm `t)

i}}fm jmom ut`h}jmgxk' Vkhkgnk xm gkfjvjnmf }skkgm z vk

inmzvjvjm zn s zmtvm `hu`snmhvnkog`jn hvnk} iktlmxngc}'

X~ijvkzmi skgnm gk x~i mxkunm gnm u`sngg` zn uìng

vkkgck`skgnk ut`fmlxkgxs/ lxtv~ s xstjv~ zu`zd u`xtka

vsmt~al`sk s~utkj`skgm nhmm n `hgnm u`zxksn`g~ ut`)

domi h` `jvmlnsk `hdn`tjs' Njb `xsktxm i~omgnm n t`vsk)

kgnm tg~jb t`vsnvk zutv~fk xs`tvmgn} ngg`skjfn' Hokxmc`

jvkz} utvmvgkjv`gmc` gk `ti}`skgnm vk`m n l`gjmujfn

g`s~jb ut`h}lxs gnm gkom~ gkhinmtgnm zltkjk uùtvmv

zxksnkgnm vkilgnx~jb u~xk n u`hz}skgnm ut`fmlxkgxì c`)

x`s~jb zjmgktn}zv~'

, Fmhg`jvmzgm zumgnmgnm jvmlnsk hdn`tjs n zxs`tvm)gnm iòns`jn/ lxtm u`vsò ut`h}jmgx`sn gk `zncgnjnmu`zxksn`gmc` jmo} fmzx iònsm/ fmon s~l`tv~zxk zn imx`h~

zx`z`skgm n t`vsnfkgm utvmv g`s`jvmzgm n ut`mzf`gkogm vm)

zu`~ ut`fmlx`sm' Z gnin i'ng'6

, `dzmtskjfk vkjb`sk }~xl`sgnls'

Ut`fmlx6 Mtc` Hmzncg/ 4552

Ut`h}jmgx6 Hmoxni

}inmfxg` vktvhvkgnk vmzu`mi/ `xsktx`/ gkzxksnmgnmgk jmo x` lo}jv`sm lìumxmgjfm imgmhmtk ut`fmlx}/ lx)t~ jv}sk gkh x~i/ d~ tmkonv`skgm utkjm d~~ zufgm n vc`hgm

v s~x~jvg~in' @zxkxmjvg~ z}ljmz ut`h}lx} fmzx snj s h}mf

inmtvm tmv}oxkxmi fmc` vhòg`jn h` u`jvmgnk xkomgx} n snm)

hv~ ut`fmlxkgxs v t~gl`s~i }vkzkhgnmgnmi ut`fmlx}/ k xklm

fmc` snvfn s~l`tv~zxkgnk hmzncg} s hkozv~i ~jn} ut`h}lx}'

, Tòk hmzncgmts s xs`tvmgn} z}ljmz} t~gl`smc` ut`)

h}lx} gnm l`jv~ zn gk zki~i ut`jmznm fmc` t`vs`f}'Gksmxgkfomuzv~ ut`h}lx ik zvkgz vcng sth mtx~ l`gl}tmgjfn/

fmon inmfzjm n zu`zd fmc` zutvmhk~ gnm v`zxkg `hu`snmhgn`

vkut`fmlx`skgm' Xmg `zxkxgn mxku szuutkj~ fmzx vsnmjvm)

gnmi utv~fxmf zxtkxmcnn t~gl`smf' Gnm i`m d~ hvnmmi utv~)

ukhl}/ u`sngnmg s~gnlk v h}jbk iktln/ szunmtk f' Utvmhm

szv~zxlni fmhgkl skgm fmzx/ d~ gnm x~ol` zki ut`h}lx/ kom

fmc` ùkl`skgnm n mlzu`v~jfk s jv~xmog~ `tkv zufg~ zu`zd

lì}gnl`sk~ fmc` sktx`jn/ zl}unk~ }skc hdn`tj~ gk fmc`

s~fxl`s~jb jmjbkjb'

, @unmlk gkh t~gl`s~i ~jnmi ut`h}lx} dmfi}fm xklm

zvmtzvm hvnkkgnk z}jm fmc` utì`jfn n szuktjn}' U`vk ut`)fmlx`skgnmi ikxmtnks szunmtkfj~jb zutvmhk/ hok snvmt}g)l} ati~ n fmf mtx~ skg~ fmzx s~coh zx`nzl xktc`s~jb/ ok~`}x

ikxmtnks ng`tikj~fg~jb n zxt`g ngxmtgmx`s~jb' Jv~xmog`

lì}gnl skgmc` vk njb u`tmhgnjxsmi utvmlkv} vkom~ s h})

mf inmtvm `h xmc`/ fkl ut`fmlxkgx t`v}inm jmo utvmhzndn`tj~

n fkl u`xtka c` smzutvm'

@ltmomgnm tòn hmzncg} n }gljfn vmzu`} ut`fmlx`smc` fkl`

szunmtkfjmf dnvgmz n v~zl ut`h}jmgxs `dhvnmtk xmg vksh

v mx`z} ktx~zx~ ltmkx`tk/ inx} xstj~ zki`xgmc` cmgn})

zvk' I`m snj s~hksk zn j~gnjvgm' D~gkfignmf fmhgkl xkl

gnm fmzx' Sv`tgnjxs` utvmi~z`sm h`x~jv~ gnmiko szv~zxlnjb

hvnmhvng gkzvmc` ~jnk' Zutksnk/ m i`m `g` zxk zn omuzvm/s~c`hgnmfzvm n vht`szvm' ]inmfxg` i~omgnk ut`fmlx`sm)

c` n xstjvmc` t`vsnv~skgnk ut`domis x` zvx}lk/ lxtk gnm

`ctkgnjvk zn h` mzxmx~ln/ kom ltm}fm `xkjvkfj gkz tvmjv~sn)

zx`' Fmhgkl zkik ltmkjfk n nhmk/ jb` s jk~i ut`jmznm lo})

jv`sm/ hok utvmhzndn`tj~ gkdnmtkf tmkogmf sktx`jn hùnmt`

sxmh~/ ch~ zl}xmjvgnm v`zxkg vkinmgn`gm s ut`h}lx'

Kghtvmf inkml6 ut`fmlxkgx/ szuvk`~jnmo n h~tmlx`tltmkx~sg~ Mtc` Hmzncg' I`gk zn v gni zl`gxklx`sk

u`h khtmzmi6 zinkomlEmtc`'gmx'uo'


9/32

MXKU^ UT@JMZ] T@VS@F]

G@SMC@ UT@H]LX]

K ] X @ T 7 }lkzv Ikinjk

Vm svcoh} gk vtgnj`skgnm vktsg` zki~jb utvmhzndn`tzxs/ fkl n s~xsktvkg~jb utvmv gnm s~t`ds/

s utklx~jm vktvhvkgnk gnm ik fmhgmc` }gnsmtzkogmc` ut`jmz} t`vs`f} g`smc` ut`h}lx} "UTGU.'

Vkutmvmgx`skgm s u`gnzvmf xkdmon kv~ t`vs`f} g`smc` ut`h}lx} "s x~i kvk vmt`sk. }svcohgnkf

l`gnmjvg` u`hmfi`skgnk `hu`snmhgnjb hvnkk s xtvmjb u`hzxks`s~jb s~inktkjb6

xf' s iktlmxngc}/ `dzvktvm hmzncg} n s~xsktvkgnk'

th`6 @utkj`skgnm skzgm gk u`hzxksnm Z'Muungcmt/ Ut`h}jx Hmzncg kgh Hmqmoùimgx \Sv`tgnjxs` n t`vsf ut`h}lxsY/ D`zx`g)O`gh~g ;>>>'Hmzncg Ikgkcmimgx/ Vktvhvkgnm Sv`tgnjxsmi/ S~hksgnjxs` NSU/ Sktzvksk 45;5'

Akvk 5

Uokg`skgnm

Akvk ;

T`vsf

l`gjmujfn

Akvk 4

Hmzncg

gk u`vnìnm

z~zxmi}

Akvk :

Hmzncg

gk u`vnìnm

hmxkon

Akvk 8

Xmzx`skgnm

n }h`zl`gkomgnm

Akvk =

T`vsngnjnm

ut`h}ljfn

anti~ I

ktlmxngc

,`ltmomgnmzvkgz~ smfjnkgk t~gml,vhmngn`skgnmzmcimgxs t~gl}

,kgkonvk u`xtvmdlonmgxs,nhmgx~nlkjfkgkfskgnmfzv~jb}~xl`sgnls,nhmgx~nlkjfkut`h}lxsl`gl}tmgj~fg~jb

,ùtkj`skgnmuokg} zxs`tvmgnksktnkgxsut`h}lx}`tkv u`zvmtv`gmft`hvng~ut`h}lxs,}zxkomgnmh`jmo`smfjmg~ zutvmhk~

,ùtkj`skgnmuokg}iktlmxngc`smc`

,ùtkj`skgnmikxmtnksutì`j~fg~jb

,vku`vgkgnmlo}jv`s~jblonmgxsv unmtszv~ins~t`dkin

klx~sg`jn

Hmzncg

,

utvmkgkonv`skgnmktjbnxmlx}t~ut`h}lx},`jmgk g`s~jbxmjbgò`cnn

,

dkhkgnms~l`gkog`jnl`gjmujfn ut`h}lx},t`vsngnjnml`gjmujfn sv`t}utvmi~z`smc`,d}h`skn xmzx`skgnmmlzumt~imgxkogmcùt`x`x~u}

,

zxs`tvmgnmkoxmtgkx~sgmc`sv`t} ut`h}lx},vhmngn`skgnmcsg~jbu`hz~zxmisn ngxmtmfzs,}h`zl`gkomgnmsv`t}utvmi~z`smc`

,

vhmngn`skgnmcmìmxtnn jvjn,s~dt ikxmtnks,}zxkomgnmxòmtkgjfn,zlìuomx`skgnmh`l}imgxkjfnv vkltmz}l`gxtòn sv`t}utvmi~z`smc`

,

xmzx`skgnmgnmvks`hg`jn,xmzx`skgnmh}c`jn ~jnkut`h}lx}, xmzx`skgnms~l`gkgnk,}v~zlkgnmg`ti s~gnlkfj~jbv utvmunzs,sut`skhvmgnmvinkg s hmzncgnm

,

msko}kjfkunmtszv~jbuktxnn ut`h}ljfn

zamt~

S~xsktvkgnm

,nhmgx~nlkjfk`ctkgnjvm

ut`h}lj~fg~jb

,`ltmomgnm

zxtkxmcnnkj}jbk

vkùkxtvmgnk

,`zvkj`skgnml`zvxs

s~xsktvkgnk

,`jmgk

s~l`gkog`jnut`h}ljfn

,vnhmgx~nl`skgnmh`zxksjs

csg~jb

lìu`gmgxs

,utvmut`skhvmgnmkgkonv~

s~l`gk

jv~ l}un

"iklm `t d}~.,`ltmomgnmngkogmc`

zjbmikx}

i`gxk}

,}zxkomgnm jmoss vkltmznm l`zvxs

,vhmngn`skgnmut`jmz} ut`h}ljfn

jvjn zlkh`s~jb

,vkut`fmlx`skgnm

gktvhvn,vkut`fmlx`skgnmut`jmz}

vkumsgnmgnk

fkl`jn

,t`vu`jvjnmut`jmz}

vkùkxt~skgnk

,szuktjnmsht`mgnk

h` ut`h}ljfn

} h`zxksjs

,}h`zl`gkomgnmut`jmzs

ut`h}ljfn

n i`gxk}

,utvmzvlòmgnmutkj`sgnls

,}h`zl`gkomgnmut`jmzs

vkumsgnmgnk

fkl`jn

,t`vu`jvjnmjkmc` z~zxmi}

ut`h}ljfn

A k v ~ t ` v s ` f } g ` s m c ` u t ` h } l x }

XX hmzncg2 P >


10/32

UT@JMZUT@FMLX@SKGNK6SNKH@IK HT@CKH@ G@SMC@UT@H]LX]

X` t~cngkog~ lzvxkx htgnkmlzutmz k}x`ikx~jvg~ ;:V5;;

Vmoimtk h ut`h}lxs

s~ut`h}l`skg~jb utvmv

l`gl}tmgj~fgm ati~'

Gk zlomu`smf ujm

ik vstkjk }skc lonmgxs'

X M L Z X 7 Injbk Ht`h


11/32

Lkh~xstjk ut`)h}lx}/ gkhkfj i} lzvxkx/ jv~ s~i~okfj/

fklnm }gljfm u`sngnmg zumgnk/ xs`tv~

tsg`jvmgnm fmc` sv`tgnjxs`' H`x~jv~ x`

vktsg l`gzxt}lx`tk ikzv~g~ ht}lktzlnmf/

fkl n unmlktvk s~xsktvkfjmc` d}ln' Lnmh~

momimgx~ jv`gm v sv`tgnjxsmi/ xklnm fkl

}gljf`gkog`/ mtc`gìnk jv~ mzxmx~lk vk)

jv~gkf d~ snkhìnm suokxkgm s ut`jmz

ut`fmlx`s~ s atinm/ vkjv~gki~ isn` hmzncgnm' U`xtvmdk s~l`tv~zxkgnk sv`t)

gnjxsk s xs`tvmgn} ut`h}lx} fmzx unmts)

zv~i gnmvdhg~i lt`lnmi h` zxs`tvmgnk

ut`mzf`gkogmc` ut`jmz} ut`fmlx`skgnk

sv`tgnjvmc` s atinm'

SV@TJ@S^ UT@JMZ SV@TGNJV^

S vkomg`jn h t`hvkf} ati~ n jvmlnsk

zxksnkg~jb utvmh ut`fmlxkgxmi/ i`mi~

s tg~ zu`zd vngxmct`sk sv`tgnjxs`

v ngg~in ut`jmzkin s hvnkkog`jn ati~'

Gkfjvzxzv~ n vktkvmi gkfdkthvnmf `jv~sn)

zx~ ut`jmz/ s lxt~i l`tv~zxki~ v vkzkh

hmzncg}/ x` xs`tvmgnm g`smc` ut`h}l)

x}' Tsg`jvmgnm sktx` ukinxk fmhgkl

` zvkgzkjb/ fklnm hkfm vkutvcgnjnm sv`t)

gnjxsk h` hvnkk/ xklnjb fkl lì}gnlkjfk

iktlmxngc`sk/ xs`tvmgnm n snkhjvmgnm

}z}c/ jv~ nggm dzvkt~ xs`tvjm utvmzxtvm

lì}gnlkjfn uìnhv~ ati k l`gz}img)

xmi' Hok jv~xmogmc` v`dtkv`skgnk xmikx~lnut`fmlx`skgnk sv`tgnjvmc` n vktvhvkgnk

x~i ut`jmzmi/ zl`gjmgxt}f zn gk ut`jmznm

t`vs`f} g`s~jb ut`h}lxs'

S x~i utv~ukhl} u`jvxlnmi jkmc`

ut`jmz} u`sngg` d~ `ltmomgnm jmo}/ fkln

hmzncg dhvnm zumgnk s tmkonvkjfn zxtkxm)

cnn ati~' I`mi~ v gnmc` l`tv~zxk x~ol`

h` ut`fmlx`skgnk ut`h}lx}/ i`mi~ xm

ùtvm gk vkzkhkjb hmzncg} vktvhvkgnm

jk ati' S vkomg`jn h xmc`/ fkl ujf

s~dnmtvmi~/ dhvnm x` ink` su~s gk

kzumlx~ l`zvx`sm n snvmt}gl`sm utvmhzn)dn`tzxsk/ dhvnmi~ i}znmon xm }svcohgn

sv`tgnjxs` s bnmtktjbnn `tckgnvkj~fgmf

n gkhk i} s gnmf `hu`snmhgn skc'

Fmhg~i v dkthvnmf t~v~l`sg~jb t`vsnvk

fmzx dmvsnmhgm utvmlkvkgnm hmj~vfn s vkltm)

znm sv`tgnjxsk zvmtmc`s~i utkj`sgnlì/

gu' v hvnk} l`gzxt}ljfn s~t`ds' X jvzxk

z~x}kjfk/ kom vgkjvgnm `ctkgnjvk tò ut`fml)

x`skgnk n do`l}fm gnmlxtm fmc` iòns`jn'

Hùnmt` vd}h`skgnm uktxgmtzlnjb tmokjfn

`zd `hu`snmhvnkog~jb vk ut`fmlx`skgnm

v lo}jv`s~in utvmhzxksnjnmokin iktlmxng)

c}/ dkhk n t`vs`f} "T!H./ zutvmhk~ jv~agkgzs/ u`vskok gk zl}xmjvgm s~l`tv~)

zx~skgnm zvkgz/ fklnm u~g vm zx`z`skgnk

u`hmfjnk ut`fmlx`smc`' Gnm fmzx utv~ x~i

gkfskgnmfzvm/ chvnm s zxt}lx}tkjb }inmf)

zj`sn`gk fmzx lìtlk vktvhvkgnk sv`t)

gnjxsmi' Skgm/ d~ fmf hvnkkgnk szuctk~

v iktlmxngcnmi ut`h}lx`s~i n T!H/ d`

x~ol` xklk ngxmctkjfk u`vskok gk zufgm

hvnkkgnm ut`jmz} sv`tgnjxsk s tkikjb

ati~'

Hmzncg `ltmok hvn `mtx ati~6

gnm ik ut`h}lxs gnmvkut`fmlx`skg~jb/z x~ol` xklnm/ lxt~i `ti gkhkg` snkhìnm

dh gnmsnkhìnm' @h xmc`/ jv~ ut`jmz ltm`skgnk

g`s~jb ut`h}lxs fmzx ùnzkg~/ utvmzxtvmckg~ n jv~ gni

vktvhvki~/ vkom~ hvn jvzx` utvmskck l`gl}tmgj~fgk

utvmhzndn`tzxsk'

XX hmzncg;5 P ;;


12/32

U@ J@ S @COM SV@TGNJXS@0Fmon jbjmi~ szunmtk t`vsf g`s~jb ut`)

h}lxs/ xtvmdk gkfunmts vhmj~h`sk/ fkl

dkthv` jbjmi~ s~l`tv~zxk h`snkhjvmgnm

ut`fmlxkgxs'

, Unmtszv~i zu`z`dmi s~l`tv~zxkgnkhmzncg} i`m d~ vkut`fmlx`skgnm zvmt`l`t`v}inkgmc` s~coh} ut`h}lx}/ jv~on xkl

vskg~ zx~ongc' Ut`fmlxkgx `d}h`s}fm f} nzx)gnmfjm t`vsnvkgnk xmjbgnjvgm s g`s dt~/

kom fmc` iòns`jn vinkg~ x~jb t`vsnvk

z `ctkgnjv`gm' Zx~onvkjfk x` fmhgkl gnm x~ol`

zmtk t`vskk mzxmx~jvg~jb' Ut`fmlxkgx sv`t)gnjxsk utkj}fm xm gkh mtc`gìn n }gljf`)

gkog`jn dt~~' Antik zx~onv}fm ut`h}lx u`

x`/ d~6

, `htgn ut`h}lx `h `mtx~ l`gl}tmgjfn t' `hg`x`skk tml`th`)

s zutvmhk/ lxtmf i`x`tmi zxk~ zn lgk

Mrjo}znqm' Lonmgjn s~dnmtkon gkfht`zv~ ut`)

h}lx v `mtx~ ati~ xtv~lt`xgnm jvjnmf gn

gkfxkzvm `lgk/ u`gnmsk csktkgx}fm `g/

m v hì} }jnmlk gkfignmf jnmuk' I`hmoxmg fmzx utv~fkvg~ vktsg` hok t`h`snzlk/

fkl n hok lnmzvmgn skjnjnmok'

, Xtmghmi dkthv` znognm vk}skkog~isth ut`h}jmgxs v snmo} dtkg fmzxs `zxkxgni jvkznm xklm mlò`cnjvgm u`)hmfjnm s vkltmznm ukl`skgnk x`skts'Utvmhzndn`tj~ hmj~h}f zn j`tkv jvjnmf

gk `ctkgnjvmgnm snmol`jn u}hmlk/ s~l`)

tv~zxkgnm s fmc` ut`h}ljfn z}t`sjs sxt)

g~jb/ k jvzx` xklm gk vkzx`z`skgnm ukl )

sk h` u`g`sgmc` s~l`tv~zxkgnk' Lkhm

v x~jb t`vsnvk i`m `vgkjvk `dgnmgnm

l`zvxs' S vmzv~i t`l} gk t~gl} u`fk)

snk zn g`sk zmtnk ltmis okd`tkx`tn}i

Ht Ntmg~ Mtnz' H`x~jbjvkz`sm in`gnjvlnxmf iktln i`c~ vhvnsn gnmx~u`sm ùkl`)

skgnk' Zmtnk m Bncbmzx Xmjbg o`c~ Ngznhm

Mjò`c~ vkilgnxk fmzx s xmlx}t`s~jb

lktx`gnlkjb' @ukl`skgnk vkut`fmlx`sk)

g` xkl/ d~ nhmkognm inmjn zn s gni ltmi/

dmv khg~jb vdhg~jb utvmzxtvmgn' H` gk)

ht}ls gnm }~x` v lòmn kgn lò`ts/ kgn

imxkonjvg~jb ktd' Hok t`h`snzlk vgkjvk

x` vgkjvgnm ignmf `hukhs `tkv kxsnmfzv~

ut`jmz dn`hmctkhkjfn'

S^VSKGNM HOK UT@FMLXKGXK

IGNMF IKXMTNKS

Kom g`s~ xtmgh x` gnm x~ol` zvjvhg`jn/

kom tsgnm s~vskgnk hok hmzncgmts6 i})

zv `hu`snkhk gk s~vskgnk ignmfzvmc`

v}~jnk ikxmtnks/ znck u` g`szvm xmjb)

gò`cnm' S `zxkxgnjb okxkjb `lkvk` zn xm/m ùkl`skgnk/ lxtm h` xmf u`t~ vgkoni~/

d~~ snlzvm n jnzvm gn x` l`gnmjvgm' Snm)

o} atiì }hk` zn snj vgkjvgnm vignmf)

zv~ njb ikz n gu'/ j` i`c`d~ s~hksk

zn gnmiònsm/ }jv~gn uokzxnl`s d}xmol

jnmzv gn h`x~jbjvkz' : okxk xmi} l`gjmtg

ukons`s~Zbmoo t`vu`jv ut`jmz tmh}ljfnv}~jnk uokzxnl} utv~ ut`h}ljfn ùkl`sk'

S mmljnm gk d}xmoln h` òmf} gkuh`smc`

u`xtvmdk t`jvgnm ` ;; ut`j' ignmf xs`)

tv~sk "x` `l`` 4/= x~z' x`g t`jvgnm.' X`

`ctìgm `hjnmgnm hok s~z~unzl inmjn/

k Zbmoo i`m vk`zvjvhvn gk ignmfzv~i

v}~jn} uokzxnl}' J`tkv jnmzvm zxkf zn

xm d}xmoln s uòzlni `hhvnkom J`jk)Jòn'S 4552 t' ukl`skgnk u`fmig`jn ; onxtk

zxk~ zn omfzvm ` ;; ut`j'/ k xm hs}lt`xgnm

snlzvm zxtkjn~ 2 ut`j' zs`fmf ikz~' H`hkx)

l`s l`tv~jn hok gkx}t~ fmzx x`/ m k 45

ut`j' xs`tv~sk gk d}xmol u`jb`hvn v tmj~)

longc} v}~x~jb ùkl`sk'

Gnmzxmx~/ sjn gnmsnmom uòzlnjb tihmj~h}fm zn gk zumlxkl}oktgm hvnkkgnkvc`hgm v nhm :Tm' Zvjvmcognm tvkhl` zn)

ck zn u` z}t`sjm sxtgm' U`s`h~ s~fkgnkInt`zks Jb`/ utmvmz znmjn mlò`cnjvg~jb

hmonlkxmzs @tckgnj Aktik Vht`snk' @lk)v}fm zn d`snmi/ m s Uòzjm ùkl`skgnk

s~l`gkgm gu' v ikl}okx}t~ z h} ht`zvm

`h x~jb v g`smc` ukunmt}' Antik gnm i`m

utvmukjk/ hokxmc` gnm }~sk ikxmtnks

v tmj~longc}/ kom s~dnmtk z}t`sjm dn`hmctk)

h`skogm/ k gkht}ln s~l`g}fm mlò`cnjvg~)

in ktdkin' Lonmgjn h`jmgnkf zufg~ snvm)

t}gml `hu`snmhvnkogmf ati~' S 455> t'

`zncgk utv~jb`h~ gk u`vnìnm 45/::

iog v/ jv~on ` u`gkh 45 ut`j' snlzvm gn

t`l sjvmgnmf'

INMJN VKINKZX NU@HK

Hvn ati~ ut`zv ut`fmlxkgxs gkfjvjnmf

gnm x~ol` ` x`/ d~ vkut`fmlx`sk mlò`cnjvg~ut`h}lx/ kom tsgnm/ d~ h` fmc` ut`h}ljfn

}~ inmjn' Antik/ lxtk jbjm zn s~lk)

vk ngsmgjf/ u`snggk vkzx`z`sk s zs~jb

ut`h}lxkjb utvmxs`tv`gm z}t`sjm sxtgm'

L`gl}tmgjfk fmzx zu`tk' Zkiz}gc uùt`znzsf vmzu hmzncgmts utv~c`x`skgnm ng)

g`skj~fgmc xmom g} ik s mtjnm xmom g

Do}m Mktxb/ lxtmc d}h`sk s~l`gkgk fmzx

v utvmxs`tv`g~jb uokzxnl`s~jb d}xmoml' H`)

umgnmgnmi fmzx iòns` }zxksnmgnk l`)

itln gk xt~d `zvjvhvkgnk mgmtcnn' V lòmn

Gnlmzxs`tv~ `d}snm zu`tx`sm }zv~xm vm

jngls zlt~ n unkgln/ lxtm vkvs~jvkf z

s kdt~lkjb xtklx`skgm fkl` `hukh~' H`

zlomus xtkakf }tvhvmgnk j`tkv dkthvnmf

mlò`cnjvgm' Utkolk Ikzxmtj``lUXHM);:1H`zm }iònsnk vignmfzvmgnm v}~jnk t`h)

ls un`tj~jb ` =5 ut`j' hvnln z~zxmi`sn

h`v`skgnk' U`hjvkz fmhgmc` utkgnk i`m

xm vk`zvjvhvn ;4 o s`h~'

H` h}~jb uòzlnjb ati xtmgh~ h`jnm)

tkf v ùgnmgnmi/ hokxmc` ` ùkl`sk)

gnkjb v z}t`sjs sxtg~jb/ ut`h}lxkjb

s~l`tv~zx}fj~jb ikxmtnk~ v tmj~longc}

jv~ ngg`skj~fg~jb t`vsnvkgnkjb `zvjv)hvkfj~jb mgmtcn gnm z~zv~i~ jvzx`' Hok

ati n hmzncgmts x` snmxgk snkhì`

u`v`zxkfm h}m uòm h` hvnkkgnk hok ctk)

jv~/ lxtv~ dh s xmf hvnmhvngnm un`gnmtkin

n s~t`dn z`dnm u`v~jf ati~ xt`zvjvjmf zn

` t`h`snzl`'

Dmkxk Lt`snjlk6 szuutkj`sgnjvlkXBNGLXKGL' I`gk zn v gnzl`gxklx`sk u`h khtmzmi6

dlt`snjlkExbnglxkglikckvngm'uo'

Lktngk Ikt}znzlk vonx`skk zn gkhs~zvjvmtdn`g~in l}dlkin/ xkomtvkin n inzlkin'

Vkinkzx fm s~tv}jk/ zlkv~ n gkhx}jv`gm dtvmcn

u`lt~sk zvlonsmi o}d vklt~sk fm gu' i}jbkin'


25/32

G@D@H^ JBKNT

Xm gnmvs~lm ltvmzk h}zlnmf ati~ Lìuo`x u`szxk~

v uokzxnl`s~jb d}xmoml/ v lxt~jb }v~zlkg` zvx~sg~

aoj' Imdmo gnm ik khgmc` zxmokk/ zlkhk zn fmh~gnm

v xlkgng~' Ltvmz` zxs`tv`gm fmzx s ;55 ut`j' v z}t`s)

jk u`jb`hvjmc` v tmj~longc}'

C]IK DKO@G@SK

Hktnk D}tonzlk v ut`fmlxkgjlnmc` h}mx} HDSX vm

jngls unkgln uònmx~omg`smf xs`tv~ gnmu`sxktvkogm

lo`zvm okiu' Lkh~ mcvmiuoktv fmzx gnmu`sxktvkog~/

u`gnmsk xs`tv`g~ fmzx tjvgnm v momimgxs t)

g~jb lzvxkxkjb'

]BKBK

Lktngk Ikt}znzlk hkk g`sm ~jnm }zvlì `h gnm)

}hkg~jb aonkgml n hvdkg}zvls s~tv}j`g~jb utvmv

kdt~ln u`tjmokg~' Hvnln vki`gx`skg~i utv~zzks)

lì ]bkbk i`gk fm utv~jvmun h` z`nlk/ d}xmoln jv~zv~d~' Szv~zxl` vkom~ h ngsmgjfn skjnjnmok'

XTKGZCOKZZ

L}ox`sk atik Ktxmjgnjk vm zxkt~jb d}xmoml zxs`tv~k

skv`g~/ lxtm vkjbs~j in`gnls g`s`jvmzgmc`

hmzncg}' Ut fmlx~ X`thk D``gxfm n Mii~ S`mghmg

v`zxk~ vtmkonv`skgm utvmv tvminmognls v Cskxmikon'

XBM UKT[]MX

Snmo`lt`xgnm gkctkhvkg~ ut`fmlx zvsmhvlnmc` zx}hnk

Ku`lko~uz Okd`xml' Uktlnmx s~l`gkg~ fmzx v c}i~ u`)

jb`hvjmf v tmj~longc} v}~x~jb ù`g' Sv`t`skg~fmzx gk lokz~jvg~jb htmsgnkg~jb u`h ckjb' Hmzmjv)

ln xs`tv`gm z s smtzfn jvktgmf o}d snmo`dktsgmf'

ML@SNGÔ

Ikjnmf Ikv}t `mt}fm s zlomunm Mj`J`tgmt uì~z~

gk `t~cngkogm s~l`tv~zxkgnm zxkt~jb u~x sng~o`s~jb'

T`dn v gnjb ukxmt~ gk s`jm tkv lkhln g`xkxgnls'

Lkh~ mcvmiuoktv ik ngh~snh}kog~ zx~o/ xkl fkl }gnlk)

x`sk fmzx i}v~lk vmzu`s/ lxtm gkctk~ u~x~'

, ,

, ,Zvx}lk v `hv~zl}gk s~zxksnm Tm'Ut`h}lx

XX hmzncg


26/32

Gkhmfjnm u``s~ikfk vku`snkhk` jnmlks/ kom xm s~jvmtu})

fj utkj f}t`tk s l`gl}tznm ut`fmlx`skgnk

ùt`ctki`skgnk Nikcngm J}u' Gk j` hvnm

utvms`hv Ngzx~x}x`sn Sv`tgnjxsk Utvmi~)

z`smc`/ lxt~ szu`tckgnv}fm uòzl mh~jf

l`gl}tz} szuognm v Injt`z` Uòzlk' X f}

jvsktx~ tkv/ ch~ `jmgnki utkjm ut`ctkinzxs/ut`fmlx}fj~jb g`s`jvmzgm t`vsnvkgnk'

HVNM UNMTSZV^6 UANGK^ XT]HG^ S^DT

H` zxktjnk uagk`smc`/ `hd~skfjmc` zn

s znmhvndnm NSU/ vklskonal`sk` zn ;5 gkf)

omuzv~jb ht}~g tkvmi vm zs`nin imgx`tkin

n s~lkh`sjkin v }jvmogn/ v lxt~jb u`jb`)hv' @dmjgn d~on tsgnm `jmgnkfj~ utkjm ng)

`tikx~ls/ s x~i utmvmzn zuml NX/ jvzx`

l`gl}t}fj~jb vm z`d gk t~gl}'

S jvkznm l`gl}tz} lto}fm fmhgkl gnm`t)

ikogk kxi`zmtk/ szv~zj~ vstkjkf zn h` znm)

dnm u` ninmgn}/ j` dkthv` }kxsnk szuutkj f}t`ts s vmzu`kjb' S vsnvl} v i`ni

h`snkhjvmgnmi/ x~i tkvmi h`zxkki u`h

ùnml x`hvn`dk Uksk v @tkgcm/ lxt~

`lkvk zn d~ snmolni utklx~lnmi n utkcik)

x~lnmi' F} gk u`jvxl} `tnmgx}f zn/ m gnm

fmzx om lkv}fm zn/ m Uksm fmzx }skg~/ d~)

zxt~ n fmhg`jvmgnm `xsktx~ gk g`sm uì~z~

n t`vsnvkgnk' Jv}fmi~ zkx~zkljf vm zu`xlk

v }inmjbgnx~in/ jb` zunx~in/ gkfvhògnmf)

zv~in ng`tikx~lkin i`hmc` u`lòmgnk'

Gkzv~i vkhkgnmi unmtszvmc` hgnk fmzx utvmut`skhvmgnm

u`cdn`g~jb s~snkhs v }jvmzxgnlkin szv~zxlnjb vmzu`s

"iki~ hok lkhmc` u` :5 ing}x./ xkl/ d~i~ i`con vt`v}inm

u`zxksn`g~ ut`domi n vkutù`g skgm t`vsnvkgnm/ s x~i xkl)

m `h zxt`g~ s~l`tv~zxkg~jb uokx`ti xmjbgò`cnjvg~jb'

S x~i t`l} s Nikcngm J}u vmzu`~ i`c u`z}cnsk zn t`v)

snvkgnkin uktx~in gnm x~ol` gk ut`h}lxkjb Injt`z`} x`

gnmsxuons~ vgkl jvkz}/ ngg`skj~fgm t`vsnvkgnk jvmtunmi~hvn v snmo} znmjn'

S~snkh~ z jnmlksm/ szv~zj~ z u`tvhgnm utv~c`x`skgn

n j`tkv omunmf u`xtka ù`snkhk ` zs~i t`vsnvkgn} utmj~)

v~fg~i fv~lnmi' X` snmoln u`zxu s u`tsgkgn} h` u`jvx)

ls l`gl}tz} sxmh~ gkfskgnmfzvm d~` zki` unlg` l`h}

ut`ctki}/ vt`v}inkm hok bmtimx~jvgmf ct}u~' Xmtkv h` vm)

zu`s h`jv~on zumjfkonjn `h lì}gnlkjfn/ ut`fmlxkgjn sv`t)

gnjxsk/ k jvzx` xklm zumjfkonjn v s~dtkgmf hvnmhvng~/ lxtmf

h`x~jv~ t`vsnvkgnm/ gu' omlktv j` u`hgn`z` fkl` zki~jb

ut`fmlxs' I`hvn o}hvnm/ lxt~jb vkhkgnmi fmzx vgkomvnmgnmt`vsnvkgnk s~dtkgmc` ut`domi} Inomgnfgmc`/ u`xtka xmtkv

fkzg` unzk zs`fm uì~z~/ s x~i xklm l`tv~jn n jvmlnskgm

u`v~x~sgm h`snkhjvmgnk hdn`tj~' Gnmsxuonsnm uìkck nix`/ m u` utv~zxunmgn} h` l`gl}tz} szv~zj~ utvmzvon s x`l}

l`gl}tz} zvlòmgnm v utmvmgxkjfn' H`hkxl`s`/ vmzu`~ vklsk)

onal`skgm h` uagks utvmjb`hv zvlòmgnk dnvgmz`sm/ j`

}kxsnk utv~c`x`skgnm i`hmo} dnvgmz`smc`'

Gkzvm u~xkgnk h` uagkonzxs ikf gk jmo} gnm x~ol` s~)`gnmgnm gkfomuzv~jb vmzu`s/ kom xklm }hvnmomgnm vmzu`ì

szlkvsml s njb utkjkjb' S~dtkgnm unjn} agkonzxs gnm fmzx

kxsm/ utkj}fmi~ h` ugmf g`j~/ u`tsg}fj s~gnln n zunm)

tkfj zn ` }kiln u}glxs gkfjbxgnmf hkond~i~ zvkgz

szv~zxlni'

FKL UT@FMLX@SKNGG@SKJ^FGM@UT@CTKI@SKGNM

Ut`fmlx`skgnm }z}c zxkfm zn u`sòn gkzv gkt`h`s h~zj~uong'

D~` x` snhk s lòmfgmf f} mh~jfn l`gl}tz} Nikcngm J}u'

HSK HGN V ^JNK F]T@TLN

INJT@Z@AX NIKCNGM J]U 45;5

X M L Z X 7 Dmkxk D`jbnzlk


27/32

HVNM HT]CN6 A NGK FMHMG S^CT^SK/

SZV^ZJ^ VS^JNKF

Angk~ Nikcngm J}u x` `dt`gk skzgmc` t`vsnvkgnk u`h)

jvkz utmvmgxkjfn s fv~l} kgcnmozlni s`dmj vmzu`} f}t`ts/

szv~zxlnjb }jvmzxgnls/ zu`gz`ts n vkut`zv`g~jb c`jn'

jvgnm x` lnolkzmx `zd gk zkon' Lx` dhvnm dt`gn zs`fmc`

t`vsnvkgnk/ `lkv}fm zn s jbsnon t`vu`jvjnk agks/ hokxmc`

`c`zvmgnm s~gnls x` jbsnok tkh`jn o}d t`vjvkt`skgnk' X`

`zxkxgnm fmhgkl zv~dl` infk n vkinmgnk zn s zònhktg~ hùngc

hok lòmcs'

Gkfomunmf utmvmgx}f zn ht}~g~/ lxtm vikckf zn v tvmjv~sn)zx~i ut`domimi/ gu' xklni/ lxtmc` zkin h`snkhjv~on' Lo})

jvmi h` z}ljmz} s ut`fmlx`skgn} ùt`ctki`skgnk fmzx snj

gnm x~ol` zki l`h/ kom vmdtkgnm ngxmth~zj~uongktgmc` vmzu`}/

` }v}umgnkfj~jb zn }inmfxg`jnkjb/ v }hvnkmi ut`fmlxkgxk

lì}gnlkjfn snv}kogmf n ut`fmlxkgxk sv`tgnjxsk'

S l`gl}tznm s }d't' snmom t`vsnvk ùktx~jb d~` gk ng)

xmtmfznm h`x~l`s~i' S xmc`t`jvg~jb agkkjb lnolk vmzu`s

dnmtvm gk sktzvxkx t}jb fkl` ngxmtmfz+ H`lkhgnm xkl u`lkv})

fm zsm t`vsnvkgnm vs~jnzln Axmkiz v Uònxmjbgnln hvlnmf/

lxt~ xs`tv~ k}xìkx~jvgmc` x}ikjvk fv~lk inc`smc`/

u`vskokfjmc` `z`dì v gnmumg`zutksg`jn z}jb`s u`)

t`v}inmsk zn v `z`dkin z~zvj~in s jvkznm tvmjv~snzx~i'Axmkiz utù`g}fm `z`dì zutksg~i h`zx`z`skgnm zn h`

imx`h lì}gnlkjfn inc`smf `zd v skhkin z}jb}/ k gnm `h)

st`xgnm n s~ct~sk+

X h`sh gk x`/ m ut`fmlx`skgnm t`vsnvk gnm uòmck x~ol`

gk zxs`tvmgn} l`gltmxgmc` t`vsnvkgnk/ kom utvmhm szv~zxlni

`hu`snmhgnmf fmc` kgkonvnm'

Lo}jvmi h` z}ljmz} s Nikcngm J}u fmzx vmzu``sk utkjk/

ngxmth~zj~uongktgm u`hmfjnm n ut`zxk/ jv~xmogk lì}gnlkjfkxkl hok }jvmzxgnls/ fkl n f}t`ts'

TMAOMLZFM GK IKTCNGMZNM

V t`vi`s~ v }jvmzxgnlkin Nikcngm J}u s~tkgnm t~z}fm zn

`dtkv g`smc`/ ngxmtmz}fjmc` u`lòmgnk/ lxtm dhvnm xs`tv~t`vsnvkgnk6 klx~sg~jb/ i`h~jb o}hvn hvnkkfj~jb zu`mjv)

gnm fkl` sò`gxktn}zvm/ k xklm }hvnmokfj~jb zn s zs`njb t`)

hvngkjb' Inmoni~ zvkgz zu`xlk stkons~jb ut`fmlxkgxs

xmjbgò`cnn' X` skgnm hokxmc` fmzxmi utvml`gkgk/ m ut`fml)

x`skgnm }z}c zxkfm zn gkzv gkt`h`s h~zj~uong'

Dmkxk D`jbnzlk6 utmvmz vktvh} Ngzx~x}x} Sv`tgnjxskUtvmi~z`smc` Zu' v `'`' I`gk zn v gn zl`gxklx`sk u`h

khtmzmi6 dmkxkPd`jbngzlkEnsu'jì'uo'

Nikcngm J}u x` gkfsnlzv~ l`gl}tz xmjbgò`cnjvg~

hok zx}hmgxs gk snmjnm' Ik ngzunt`sk i`h~jb o}hvn

h` s~l`tv~zxkgnk g`s~jb xmjbgò`cnn gk tvmjv t`vsnv~skgnk

ut`domis szujvmzg`jn' S x~i t`l} ik bkz`

S~`dtk z`dnm snkx/ s lxt~i xmjbgò`cnk uìkck t`vsnvk

gkfxt}hgnmfzvm ut`domi~ o}hvl`jn' Ut`domi~ xm v`zxk~

vnhmgx~al`skgm utvmv @GV s Inomgnfg~jb Jmokjb T`vs`f}

n z x` i'ng'6 , moningkjfk zltkfgmc` }dzxsk n c`h}/

,vkumsgnmgnm u`szvmjbgmc` gk}jvkgnk gk u`vnìnm

u`hzxks`s~i/,

utì`skgnm tsg`jn ujn n kskgz}zu`mjvgmc` l`dnmx'

, Nikcngm J}u 455> s uùtvmhgnmf mh~jfn l`gl}tz}vikckon zn agkonjn s~dtkgn zu`th u`gkh :55 x~z' zx}hmgxs

v u`gkh ;55 ltkfs snkxk' S `cog`snkx`s~jb agkkjb

s Lkntvm l`gl}t`sk` vm z`d 888 zx}hmgxs vm ;8> ht}~g

tmutmvmgx}fj~jb ;48 ltkfm' Uòzl tmutmvmgx`sk` zvm

vmzu`s' S agk`smf ckon s Lkntvm }jvmzxgnjv~on snjmutminmt

n ingnzxmt c`zu`hktln Skohmikt Uksokl n Fkjml I}tkszln/

h~tmlx`t cmgmtkog~ Injt`z`x s Uòzjm/ lxtv~ utvmfon `d`snvln

`tckgnvkx`ts mh~jfn snkx`s~jb agks Nikcngm J}u6 s x~i

t`l} snkx`sm agk~ Nikcngm J}u 45;5 hdh zn s Uòzjm'

, Vs~jnvj~ uòzlnmf mh~jfn Nikcngm J}u 45;5 x` vmzuAxmkiz v Uònxmjbgnln hvlnmf' Ikchk F`gjv~l/ Ctvmc`tv

Co`gml/ Xìkzv Jnmflk/ Hkgnmo Iònzln tkv Fkjml Ungxmtk u`h

lnmt}glnmi Fkt`zksk L`zv}lk dh tmutmvmgx`sk Uòzl

u`hjvkz onuj`s~jb snkx`s~jb agks' Axmkiz vkutmvmgx`sk

ut`fmlx k}xìkx~jvgmc` x}ikjvk fv~lk inc`smc`/ lxt~

}iònsnk `z`dì gnmh`z~zvj~i u`t`v}inmskgnm zn

vm z~zvj~in s jvkznm tvmjv~snzx~i' Axmkiz `xtv~ik xm

gkct`h zumjfkog s s~z`l`jn ;= x~z'/ }}gh`skg

utvmv Ingnzxmtzxs` C`zu`hktln'

@d`l Axmkiz s jnz~i agkom l`gl}tz} s lkxmc`tnnUt`fmlx`skgnm ut`ctki`skgnk vgkokv~ zn 6

, mQòqm v ]gnsmtz~xmx} Khkik Injlnmsnjvk s U`vgkgn}/

, I]XKGX n Xbm Mtkhnjkx`tz v S`fzl`smf Klkhminn

Xmjbgnjvgmf s Sktzvksnm/

, HtmkiJtkx v ]gnsmtz~xmx} Khkik Injlnmsnjvk s U`vgkgn}'

Ltkf`sm agk~ l`gl}tz} Nikcngm J}u u` tkv xtvmjn v`zxk~

v`tckgnv`skgm sm szuutkj~ v NSU/ u`h b`g`t`s~i

ukxt`gkxmi Ingnzxmtzxsk C`zu`hktln'

, ,

, ,

Jv~i fmzx0

XX hmzncg41 P 43


28/32

4; hmzncgzx`tnmz' Zx}hnk utv~)ukhls x` utmvmgxkjfk mmlxs }hkgmf szuutkj~ inhv~

ut`h}jmgxmi k ut`fmlxkgxmi' I`m d~ thmi ngzuntkjfn hokuòzlnjb utvmhzndn`tjs/ lxtv~ hvnln 4; zx}hnì utv~ukh)

ls i`c zn utvml`gk/ m s~l`tv~zxkgnm u`xmgjfk} sv`t)

gnjxsk s ut`jmznm u`szxkskgnk n shtkkgnk g`smc` ut`h}l)

x} i`m u`v~x~sgnm su~g gk tmgx`sg` ati~' Mlzumtjn

Ngzx~x}x} s~dtkon gk s~zxks 45 vkctkgnjvg~jb ut`h}lxs

n }z}c `dmjg~jb gk t~gl} gnm h}mf gn ;5 okx/ lxtm v u`)

s`hvmgnmi i`c~d~ v`zxk vkut`fmlx`skgm s Uòzjm' Fkl` 4;'

utv~ukhml utmvmgx`skg~ fmzx uòzln ut`h}lx/ u`szxk~ s s~)

gnl} vkzx`z`skgnk umgmc` ut`jmz} t`vs`f} g`smc` ut`h}lx}/

`dmjgnm gk mxkunm utv~c`x`skgnk h` sut`skhvmgnk gk t~gml'

Kuonlkjfk sv`tgnjxsk gnmfmhg`lt`xgnm zxkg`snk zxkxgn

hmzl tkx}gl} hok }ukhkfj~jb utvmhzndn`tzxs/ l`tv~zxgnm

su~skk gk vinkg utào} hvnkkog`jn ati~ "gu' svd`)ckjkfj `mtx ` g`s ongn ut`h}lxs./ k xklm vsnlzvkk

sth l`gz}imgxs snkhì` nzxgnmgnk iktln gk t~gl}'

U`gkhx` vkzx`z`skgnm sv`tgnjxsk hk` ignmfzv~i utvmh)

zndn`tzxsì zvkgz gk `zncgnjnm l`gl}tmgj~fg`jn n s~)

dnjnm zn gk t~gl}' Fkl l`gltmxgnm/ u`lkv}f hsk zx}hnk

utv~ukhl} gk zxt`gnm `d`l'

Lkfk L`d~okzlk6 lìnzktv s~zxks~ 4; Hmzncg Zx`tnmz'I`gk zn v gn zl`gxklx`sk u`h khtmzmi6

lkfkPl`d~okgzlkEnsu'jì'uo'

S~zxksk h`dt~jb utklx~l sv`tgnjv~jb `tckgnv`skgk utvmv

Ngzx~x}x Sv`tgnjxsk Utvmi~z`smc` s tkikjb ut`fmlx}

Vkut`fmlx}f Zsf V~zl h`s`hvn/ m szuutkjk

v ut`fmlxkgxmi `s`j}fm gnm x~ol` mzxmx~jvg~i/

kom utvmhm szv~zxlni tmgx`sg~i ut`h}lxmi'

4; HMZNCG ZX@TNMZH@DT^ HMZNCGX@ V^ZL

, Snjmf6 sss'fhdonzzdo`c'jìnikcmzinjt`dm'fu

X M L Z X 7 Lkfk L`d~okzlk


29/32

Utksgnl Htms @onqmt/ vkngzunt`skg~ szuìgnmgnkin gk}l`sjk

Tnjbkthk Am~gikgk n fmc` `dzmtskjfkin inlt``tckgnvis

u`h inlt`zlùmi/ sukh gk uì~z vkut`fmlx`skgnk uo}zv`)

smc` inlt`dk vkdksln mh}lkj~fgmf/ lxtk s utv~fkvg~ hok

hvnmjlk zu`zd uìkck s~fkgn klx nzxgnmgnk vktkvls n sn)

t}zs' Htms jbjnk }t}jbìn hvnkkog` v gnmsnmolni d}hm)

xmi n dmv l`tv~zxkgnk v ltmh~xs dkgl`s~jb jv~ uì`j~ }g)h}zv~ lkunxk} ngsmzx~j~fgmc`'

Utvmkgkonv`sk iòns`jn s vkltmznm u`v~zlnskgnk/ zutvmhk~

hmxkonjvgmf/ ikckv~g`skgnk n h~zxt~d}jfn xklnjb ut`h}lxs/

k xklm utvmunz~ s vkltmznm gnmukog`jn n vksktx`jn z}dzxkgjfn

jbminjvg~jb s uo}zv`s~jb vkdkslkjb' Vkskt xm }i`s~ u`)

}g`jn v xstjkin sv`ts/ l`gxtklx~ gk h~zxt~d}jf n ùtkj`)

sk zxt`g ngxmtgmx`s s jmo} ut`skhvmgnk zutvmhk~ dmvu`)

tmhgnmf' CNKGXinjt`dmz "inlt`d~)cnckgx~. ink~ zxk zn

vkdkslkin mh}lkj~fg~in/ uìkckfj~in hvnmjnì vt`v}inm/

zlh dn`t zn jb`t`d~/ k xklm vkdksg~in ikzl`xlkin stjvk)

g~in jb`t~i s h`sh z~iukxnn' Kz`tx~imgx ut`h}lxs `dmf)

i}fm uù}oktgm snt}z~/ xklnm fkl snt}z utvmvndnmgnk jv~ ct~u~/

k xklm dkthvnmf mcv`x~jvgm vktkvln h}i~ jv~ snt}z~ Mdòk'

Lkhmi} mcvmiuoktv`sn x`sktv~zv~ mh}lkj~fgk }o`xlk'

S s~gnl} ut`fmlx}/ CNKGXinjt`dmz zutvmhkskgm z `dmjgnm

dmvu`tmhgn` l`gz}imgxì `tkv h` zmxml zlomus hmxkonjv)

g~jb s 45 ltkfkjb' Antik ik dn}t` s G`s~i F`tl}/ ut`h}l}fm

x`skt s Jbngkjb/ ut`skhvn ikckv~g s Lkon`tgnn n l`tv~zxk v }z}c

ut`fmlxkgxs v jk~jb Zxkgs Vfmhg`jv`g~jb' G`sm ut`h}lx~

ùtkj`s~skgm z s xtvmjb lkxmc`tnkjb6 gnmxmjbgnjvgm ktx~l})

~ bncnmgnjvgm "gu' cdln./ ut`h}lx~ mh}lkj~fgm "gu' lznln

n uì`jm gk}l`sm. `tkv }v}umgnkfjm ut`h}lx~ t`vt~sl`sm

"gu' ct~.' Gk t`l 45;5 utv~c`x`skg` zmtn kgni`skg~jb u`zxk)

jn inlt`ds hok g`s~jb imhns'

Antik Gmux}gm @}xh``t A}tgnx}tm Oxh' jbjnkk vh~smtz~a)

l`sk h`x~jbjvkz`s dkv lonmgxs/ dmfi}fj u`hin`)

x~ v zmlx`tk u}donjvgmc` "zki`tvh~/ zvl`~/ vklkh~ ùnmln

vht`s`xgmf. n vk`mt`sk g`s`jvmzg~ kz`tx~imgx gk t~gl}ati ut~skxg~jb `tkv gkd~sjs vstkjkfj~jb snlzv

}skc gk sv`tgnjxs`/ xklnjb fkl ktjbnxmljn' Antik inkk f}

skzg~ hvnk i`gxk}/ h`zxks/ ngzxkokjfn n ut`h}ljfn/ n u`zxk)

g`snk zl`tv~zxk v uì`j~ s vkltmznm uùtks~ zxkx}z}

iktln `tkv tkjf`gkonvkjfn ut`jmzs iktlmxngc`s~jb n ut`)

h}lj~fg~jb s tkikjb agkgz`skgmf vm t`hls u}donjv)

g~jb ngnjfkx~s~ IKZ "Ikg}akjx}tngc Khqnz`t~ Zmtqnjmz

}z}cn h`tkhjvm hok ut`h}jmgxs.' Tvmjv~snzx~i jmomi

Gmux}gm d~` sut`skhvmgnm g`smc` kz`tx~imgx} ut`)

h}lxs khtmz`skgmc` h` h`x~jbjvkz`s~jb n g`s~jb

lonmgxs' IKZ zlnmt`sk Gmux}gm h` ut`ctki} Hmzncgngc

Hmikgh/ lxt~ uìc atinm vnhmgx~al`sk u`xtvmd~/

s~x~u`sk t~gln h`jmo`sm/ utkj`sk vk`mgnk ut`fmlx`)

sm/ zu`tvhvn onzx utmmt`skg~jb ut`fmlxkgxs n utv~c`)

x`sk l`gjmujf vktvhvkgnk utvmhznsvnjnmi' Antik

Gmux}gm vstjnk zn h` T`hh Ngh}zxtnko Hmzncg utkj`sgn

jnmzvjmf zn snkx`s tmgì hvnln ngg`skj~fg`jn n ltm)

kx~sg`jn s ùtkj`s~skgn} ut`h}lxs' T`vsnvkgnmi

`lkvkk zn kslk Jmtt`6 u`jvmgnm s~tkgnm szujvmzgm)

c` sv`tgnjxsk v xtkh~j~fg zònhg`jn jmgn`g utvmv dmj)

g~jb lonmgxs' H}m vgkjvmgnm hok u`s`hvmgnk utvmhzn)

svnjnk inkk xklm kxs` ngzxkokjfn n }xtv~ikgnk'

Hmzncgngc Hmikgh uìc atinm Gmux}gm vt`v}inm/

s fkln zu`zd szuutkjk v ut`fmlxkgxkin vmsgxtvg~in

i`m uìj s l`gl}t`skgn} gk g`s~jb t~glkjb/ }v~zlk)

gn} s~zv~jb jmg vk hmzncgmtzlnm ut`h}lx~

`tkv vsnlzvmgn} zutvmhk~ n v~zls' kslkJmtt` sut`skhv`gk gk t~gml s t`l} 455>

utv~zu`tv~k atinm g`s~jb vkisnm `tkv

zu`s`h`skk svt`zx vkngxmtmz`skgnk fmf

u`v`zxk~in ut`h}lxkin' Unmtszv~ mxku

s zxtkxmcnjvg~i t`vs`f} ati~ utv~jv~gn zn

h` xmc`/ m ngg`skj~fg` sm sv`tgnjxsnm

zxkk zn jv~ggnlnmi hmj~h}fj~i ` z}ljmznm

lìmtj~fg~i'

; Zx}hn}i utv~ukhl} CNKGXInjt`dmz

4 Zx}hn}i utv~ukhl} Jmtt` Zmkx

Smtzfk6 LDmzx q;'5Ut`fmlx6 CNKGXinjt`dmzT "]ZK.

Lonmgx6 Cnkgxinjt`dmz Ngj'

Ut`fmlxkgx6 Htms @onqmt

T`l sut`skhvmgnk6 455:

Jmtt`' Smtzfk6 q;'5Ut`fmlx6 Jmtt`

"Snmolk Dt~xkgnk.

Lonmgx6 Gmux}gm @}x

A}tgnx}tm Oxh'

Zx}hn` ut`fmlx`sm6T`hh Ngh}zxtnko Hmzn

T`l sut`skhvmgnk6

4552 "t`l zxs`tvmgnk

l`gjmujfn6 4553.

S^ZXKS 4; HMZNCG ZX@TNMZ/

v lxtmf u`jb`hv u`s~zvm

zx}hnk utv~ukhl}/ i`gk

`cohk h` = stvmgnk 45;5 t'

";5'55);>'55 j`hvnmggnm utjv

u`gnmhvnkls. s zkon ni' Skgh~

Xmokl szlnmf/ s Ngzx~x}jnm

Sv`tgnjxsk Utvmi~z`smc`/

}o' snx`fmtzlk =3/ Sktzvksk'

XX hmzncg42 P 4>


30/32

:=H` x~o} ukzxs snkxk mlzu`tx`skg~

fmzx i`hmo Utà hl}tvkjvk/ lxt~ fmzx

ut`h}l`skg~ utvmv Vklkh Znognls

Zu' v `'`' Lòmfgm smtzfm ut`h}lx}

z ut`fmlx`skgm utvmv zx}hn`

Mtc` Hmzncg/ unmtszvk u`szxkk 1 okx

xmi}' Szuutkjk ut`fmlxkgxk

v ut`h}jmgxmi utv~gn`zk snj

gnm x~ol` s~zv zutvmhk/

kom n mlzukgzf co`dkog'

85@ x~om svt`z~ utv~jb`h~ l`gjmtg} Iktlz ! Zumgjmt/ch~ s 4553 t' sut`skhvn h` zs`njb zlomus `hvnmv `tckgnjvgmf dksmg~' Hok lonmgxml znmjn u`znkhkgnm

s zvkam jvmc` mlò`cnjvgmc` zxk` zn

fmhg`vgkjvgm v d~jnmi i`hg' @tckgnjvgk dksmgkfmzx }v~zlnskgk v }utks gnm zx`z}fj~jb umzx~j~hs

n h`hkxls jbminjvg~jb h` gks`vs/ s ùktjn}

` imx`h~ dkthvnmf utv~fkvgm mlò`cnjvgnm'

H` fmf s~xsktvkgnk }~sk zn mlzlo}v~sg~jb

ut`h}lxs `h jb}zxmjvml/ u` lni`gk' Nzxgnmf

tgm u`vnì~ jmtx~alkxs hok dksmg~ tckgnjvgmf/

kom ingnikog~i s~i`cnmi fmzx }utksk tòng

gk comdnm sògmf `h jbminlkons

`h j` gkfignmf : okx'

;4 iogX~om x`g inmjn n `hukhs j` t`l}u`szxkfm s Uòzjm' Gk s~l`tv~zxkgnm

snlzv`jn v gnjb gnm ik uì~z}/

x~ijvkzmi sm szuutkj~

v ut`fmlxkgxkin i`c zn zxk nhmkog~i

xs`tv~smi hok g`s~jb ut`h}lxs'

Gk h`hkxml/ s Uòzjm ùkl`skgnk

s~l`gkgm gu' v ikl}okx}t~ z h}`

ht`zvm `h x~jb v g`smc` ukunmt}/ snj

}~skgnm ikxmtnks v tmj~longc} fmzx

ml`gìnjvgnm gnm}vkzkhgn`gm'

-

U}donlkjfk XBNGLXKGL Hmzncg fmzx dmvukxg~i h`hkxlnmi h` ikckv~g} XBNGLXKGL' Fmzx tmkonv`skgk utvmv Ngzx~x}x Sv`tgnjxskUtvmi~z`smc` s tkikjb ut`fmlx} Vkut`fmlx}f Zsf V~zl/ szuagkgz`skg~i vm t`hls M}tùmfzlnmc` A}gh}zv} T`vs`f} Tmcn`gkogmc`

s tkikjb Ut`ctki} @umtkj~fgmc` Ngg`skj~fgk C`zu`hktlk'

Zvjvmc`s~jb nga`tikjfn ` }jvmzxgnjxsnm s ut`fmljnm Vkut`fmlx}f Zsf V~zl }hvnmokf6

Tmhklx`t ut`skhvj~

Ikjnmf L}injv

il}vinjvExbnglxkglikckvngm'uo

H~tmlx`t ltmkx~sg~

Lkxktv~gk Vd~xgnmszlk

lvd~xgnmszlkExbnglxkglikckvngm'uo

Khtmz tmhkljfn

Uokj L`gzx~x}jfn :11/ 55)183 Sktzvksk

xmo' "44. 142 58 ;5/ "44. 142 45 58

kr "44. 142 58 ;4

tmhkljfkExbnglxkglikckvngm'uo

S~hksjk

D}zngmzz Mh}jkxn`g Ngzxnx}xm Zu' v `'`'

Utmvmz6 Uksm Tkdnmf

utkdnmfExbnglxkglikckvngm'uo

sss'xbnglxkglikckvngm'uo

Sktzvxkx~ hok utvmhzndn tzxs

n ut`fmlxkgxsIktjng Iktjbsnzln/zumjfkonzxk s hvnkom dz}cn lonmgxk/iktjngPiktjbsngzlnEnsu'jì'uo

sss'vzv'jì'uo Ngaòngnk6 ,82 44=22 == 22

Uktxgmtzxs s ut`fmljnm ngzx~x}jfn

n `tckgnvkjfn c`zu`hktjv~jbKcgnmzvlk i}hvnzlk/lnmt`sgnl `t`hlk h`tkhvxsk n zvl om/kcgnmzvlkPvi}hvngzlkEnsu'jì'uo

Ng`tikjfm ut`fmljnm

Vkut`fmlx}f Zsf V~zlModnmxk @unk/h~tmlx`t lì}gnlkjfn VZV/modnmxkPùnokEnsu'jì'uo

Ng`tikjfm

hok imhnsLkxktv~gk Jbkkz/UT ikgkcmt/lkxktv~gkPjbkokzEnsu'jì'uo


31/32

K]X@T UT@FMLX]

Ngzx~x}x Sv`tgnjxsk Utvmi~z`smc` "NSU.

Zxtkxmcnjvg~ h`tkhjk utvmhzndn`tzxs/ ut`fmlxkgxs n khingnzxtkjfn u}donjvgmf s vkltmznmt`vs`f} sv`tgnjxsk n sut`skhvkgnk g`s~jb ut`h}lxs gk t~gml'

Ngzx~x}x Sv`tgnjxsk Utvmi~z`smc` fmzx fmh~g~i s ltkf} utvmhzndn`tzxsmi ikfj~i zxk)x}z fmhg`zxln gk}l`smf/ vkfi}fj~i zn z~zxmi`s` sv`tgnjxsmi tkv ut`skhvj~i hvnk)kog` gk tvmjv zx~i}o`skgnk uùtvmv sv`tgnjxs` ngg`skj~fg`jn n l`gl}tmgj~fg`jnuòzlnjb ut`h}lxs'

;1 ukhvnmtgnlk 455> t`l} Ingnzxmt C`zu`hktln gkhk Ngzx~x}x`sn zxkx}z Jmgxt}iDkhksjv`)T`vs`f`smc`'

NSU

, snkhjv~ }z}cn ` jbktklxmtvm ut`ngg`skj~fg~i "h`tkhjvm/ nga`tikj~fgm/zvlòmgn`sm n znmjn`sm. hok utvmhzndn`tzxs/ ngzx~x}jfn n zki`tvhs'

, U`znkhk 15)omxgnm h`snkhjvmgnm s }u`szvmjbgnkgn} n vktvhvkgn} sv`tgnjxsmin t`vs`fmi g`smc` ut`h}lx}'

, Ut`skhvn ut`fmlx~ dkhksjvm s vkltmznm sv`tgnjxsk n mtc`gìnn', Vkfi}fm zn h`tkhvxsmi s vkltmznm zxtkxmcnn n vktvhvkgnk sv`tgnjxsmi/

utv~c`x`skgnk n sht`mgnk g`s~jb ut`h}lxs/ s x~i utv~c`x`s}fm n tmkonv}fml`gl}tz~ s~kgnkfjm h`zxksjs }z}c ut`fmlx`s~jb'

, Tmkonv}fm zvlòmgnk hok utvmhzndn`tjs/ zx}hnk u`h~uoì`sm hok lkht~ vktvhvkfjmf', @tckgnv}fm ltkf`sm n inhv~gkt`h`sm s~zxks~ n l`gl}tz~ utì}fjm ngg`skj~fgm

ut`h}lx~ tkv h`dtm utklx~ln'

, Fmzx jv`glnmi Ngxmtgkxn`gko J`}gjno a Z`jnmxnmz à Ngh}zxtnko Hmzncg "NJZNH./ sn`hjmfinhv~gkt`h`smf `tckgnvkjfn g`g ut`x/ utì}fjmf hmzncg/ zl}unkfjmf u`gkh ;=5ngzx~x}jfn v u`gkh =5 ltkfs' NJZNH ut`skhvn hvnkkog` zxkghkt~vkj~fg/ utì}fm

h`dtm sv`tjm/ szunmtk szuutkj inhv~ ut`fmlxkgxkin n dnvgmzmi'

sss'nsu'jì'uo

sss'vzv'jì'uo

Jv`gml NJZNH zx`z}fmi~ tmlìmgh`skgminhv~gkt`h`sm zxkghkth~'


32/32

SV@TGNJXS@ S GKX]TVM

Vkzx`z`skgnm sv`tgnjxsk u`vsòn Xs`fmf atinmv z}ljmzmi tmkc`sk gk vinkg~ t~gl`s~jb xtmghs

Smfh gk zxt`g sss'vzv'jì'uo

Utvml`gkf zn/ m i`mzv vkzx`z`sk sv`tgnjxs` s zs`fmf atinm' X zkim UT@ANX^6

SVT@ZX v~zls hvnln NGG@SKJF@I/ u`hgnmznmgnm l`gl}tmgj~fg`jn n utmzxn}

ati~' Xklk fmzx gkx}tk sv`tgnjxsk'

Ut`fmlx Vkut`fmlx}f Zsf V~zl szuagkgz`skg~ fmzx vm t`hls M}tùmfzlnmc` A}gh}zv} T`vs`f} Tmcn`gkogmc`

thinktank design 2

Documents