title [研究論文] 中島敦「文字禍」の年代設定過程解明 …...key words: nakajima...
TRANSCRIPT
Author(s) ,
Issue Date 2020-05-01
Key Words: Nakajima Atsushi, Mojika (The Woes of Letters), Romantic Realism,
Ashurbanipal, Assyria
Abstract*
In 1942, the Japanese novelist Nakajima Atsushi published a short story titled Mojika (The Woes of
Letters). The story is set in Nineveh, the capital city of the Assyrian Empire, immediately following
the end of the revolt of Šamaš-šumu-ukn, the brother of King Ashurbanipal. At the king’s
command, the scholar Nabû-a-erba, who is also the protagonist of the story, seeks to better
understand the art of writing letters and makes claims about their accursed and nonsensical nature.
The protagonist’s claim hurts Ashurbanipal, one of the most sophisticated rulers in the ancient
world, and he responds bitterly. King Ashurbanipal orders Nabû-a-erba to be confined to his
home. For his revelations, Nabû-a-erba inevitably dies by the retaliation from the letters.
In this article, I first review recent studies and show the process behind Mojika’s formation: from
English and German classical (introductory) books of Ancient Near Eastern history to Nakajima’s
own notebooks and finally the story itself. Second, I explain why the story is dated to the twentieth
year of Ashurbanipal’s reign (the end of Šamaš-šumu-ukn’s revolt is generally dated to the twenty-
first year of Ashurbanipal’s reign today). Some lines of Nakajima’s “Notebook Six” reveal that he
understood the first year of Ashurbanipal’s reign as 667 BC (generally dated to 668 BC today) on
the basis of the captions in the maps 2-3 of A. T. Olmstead’s History of Assyria (drawn by George
C. Hewes, Jr.)** and that the revolt ended in 648 BC (this dating is generally accepted even today).
This led Nakajima to date the end of the revolt in the twentieth year of Ashurbanipal’s reign,
resulting in the one-year gap against the generally accepted date of the twenty-first year of his reign.
* I thank Gina Konstantopoulos (University of Tsukuba) and Editage (www.editage.jp) for the revision of my English. ** I thank Miriam Hewes Slejko and Elaine Schaufele for their help in identifying the illustrator of the maps.
2020
I. 1
2 1941 7 2002: 504; 2009: 339-340 6 4 2002: 504; 2002: 183-185; 2009:
339 4 (1942b: 1-47) 2 1942 2 1942a: 138-144; 2001: 22-29 1942a: 144-151 3 4 1 (2001: 30-38) (2001: 30) (2002) (2009) n n/n 1 Cohen (1993: 297-305) 2 1909-19421933 1934 1941 1942 2009: 335-341 2009: 264 12 2009: 332 2009: 8-101940 2003: 216-218 1942 3 677 666 3 1 Hayakawa et al. 2019: 2-3, 6: Tablet R2 4 (2015: 153-155) (2018)
2020
Journal for Area Studies on Eastern Christianity Vol.4 2020
(1975: 182) 525 2001: 16-21 4
1973: 119-120; 2009: 196 2001: 9-15 1980: 67-69;
2004: 118-123; 2005: 136-140 7 (1980) (1980: 69-70) Olmstead (1923) (2001) Jastrow (1915) (2015: 149-154) Myers (1904) (2017) 3 Breasted (1916) Breasted (1919) 5 II III 20 21 6 ——21 20 5 (2017: (14)) 6 Novotny and Jeffers (2018: 27-32)
2020
—— 648 669 Parpola 1983: 382 668 2017: (15) Olmstead
(1923: 46-47: maps 2-3)
II.
(2001: 204) (2001) (2002) 7
↓
2002: 281-290 ↓
2002: 243-246← ↓← 8 2002: 429-437← 9
2002: 246-254← ↓← 2002: 254-256← ↓← ’ 2002: 290 2001: 30-38←
→ → → →
7 ’ ’ 2001: 204 8 (1980) 9 13 19 2002: 432 Olmstead (1923: 387) (2001: 199)
2020
Journal for Area Studies on Eastern Christianity Vol.4 2020
’ 10 ’ 2 2001: 204
1980: 69; 2001: 193-194; 2017: (13)-(14) 1 5 6 12 2002: 432 (2017: (14)) 1980; 1986 1947 1986:
276 (1980) (2001) Olmstead (1923) Jastrow (1915) Myers (1904) Breasted (1916) Breasted (1919) 3 Myers (1904) 1980: 19; 1986: 283 (2017:
(16)) Myers (1904) 1 2015: 149-152 Breasted (1916) Breasted (1919) 2 2017: (17), (24) … ’
…Myers (1904) Breasted (1916) 11 2 2001: 206 37 35 2002: 254-25512 Sohndes š sch
10 (2002: 678-680) 11 12 37 34 2002: 679
2020
E. Täg er
1909 1912
1980: 19 (1986: 286) O. Jäger 2006 13 Weltgeschichte 14 4 Weltgeschichte 1 (Jäger 1909) 3 15 Asur-ach-iddin; Asur-banapal;
Samas-schm-ukin; 36 Jäger (1909: 50-54) Assarhaddon /
Assur=achid=idin; Assur=banhabal / Assurbanipal; Samassumukin Jäger (1909)
III.
13 100 https://www. kanabun.or.jp/exhibition/2446/2020 4 20 14 https://www.kanabun.or.jp/cgi-bin/nph-mgwcgi?MGW LPN=CARIN&wlapp=CARIN&WEBOPAC=1&OPACGID=22020 4 20 15
2020
2001: 30
16 17 20 20 18 19 648 4 7 20 648/647 21 20 21 1 20
III.2.
→ 36 36 2002: 255
16 (2004) 17 (2004) 18 (2004) 19 Parpola (1983: 384); Millard and Whiting (1994: 91-92); Novotny and Jeffers (2018: 30-32) SAA 10 141 r. 4-5 20 21 1 Parpola (1983: 382-383); Novotny and Jeffers (2018: 28) 21 648/647 Frame (1992: 153-155); Novotny and Jeffers (2018: 32)
2020
1
1: 36 36
. ↓Samas-schm-ukin (Sammges)
(668 648)
648 Kandalanu ( Kineladanos)
2020
Asur-ach-iddin Asur-banapal Samas-schm-ukin (Sammges)
Kandalanu ( Kineladanos) 22SammgesKineladanos Sammuges Eusebius (1818: 44)
Kineladanos (Grayson 1980-1983: 101) 23 669/668 668/667 12 VIII 10 VIII 669 10
23 11 22 24 ABC 1 iv 30-31; ABC 14 28-29 ABC 14 34 669/668 IX 669 11 22 12 21 25 669/668 1 668/667 ABC 1 iv 34-36; ABC 14
35-36 II 669/668 II 668/667 1 667/666 Frame 1992: 267 668 1 1
22 Frame (1992: 191-192) 23 II 24 12 1 Parpola (1983: 382) Novotny and Jeffers (2018: 28) 25 Parpola (1983: 382); Novotny and Jeffers (2018: 28)
2020
Journal for Area Studies on Eastern Christianity Vol.4 2020
667 1 26 648 667 1
648 20 1 667 668 668 648 20
III.3.
9 2002: 246
11 2002: 247
0 0
2 20
26 n
2020
2002: 68042
669. Esarhaddon Ashur-bani-apal
2002: 283 (2017: (15))
Olmstead (1923: 399) 669 11 Chapter XXX 12 VIII 10 669 11 1 11 2 ABC 1 iv 30-31 Olmstead (1923: 399) 27 32 2002: 286
648
Shamash-shum-ukin Mar Ishtar Babylon Ashur
648648 Olmstead (1923: 475)
27 ABC 1 1887 ABC : 70 ABC 14 1924 (ABC : 125) Olmstead (1923)
2020
Journal for Area Studies on Eastern Christianity Vol.4 2020
ChapterXXXVI 28 1 668 3 Chapter XXXI (Olmstead
1923: 406)
(Olmstead 1923: 405-406) 40 2002: 284 1 1 29 Olmstead (1923) 669 11 648 7 1 668 648 21 (2017: (15)) Olmstead (1923) 668 667 1 1 2002: 289 668 2002: 680 Olmstead (1923) 1 Olmstead (1923: 46-47: maps 2-3) 8 George C. Hewes, Jr. 1 (ASHUR-UBALLIT) (ASHUR-BANI-APAL) 7 8 2 Olmstead (1923)
28 648 7 (1886-1942) (1919) 1976: 258 29 26
2020
Ashur-Uballit (1340)
Tukulti-Urta I (1232)
23 the third Adad-nirari (812-782) (p.75) Adad-Nirari
(812-782) Sammuramat (Semiramis)
the fourth Shalmaneser (782-772) (p.75) Shalmaneser IV (782-772) Ashur-dan III (772-754) (p.75) Ashur-dan III (772-755) (p.169)
Ashur-Dan III (772-755)
Ashur-Nirari V (755-746)
Tiglath Pileser III (746-728) Shalmaneser … the fifth … (728-722) (p.204) Shalmaneser V (728-722) SARGON (722-705) Sargon (722-705) SENNACHERIB (705-681) Sennacherib (705-681) ESARHADDON (681-668) Esarhaddon (681-668) ASHUR-BANI-APAL (668-626) Ashur-bani-apal (668-626)
23
Olmstead (1923: 46-47: maps 2-3) 1
30 Olmstead (1923) 1 Olmstead (1923: 61) Ashur-resh-ishi I “(1127-1115)” Olmstead (1923: 70) Saggal-apal-ekur II “(1102-1092)” 1100 1
2020
Tukulti-Urta TIGLATH
PILESER I Tiglath Pileser Olmstead (1923) 24 23 2
23 23 24 23 Shamshi
Adad V Tiglath Pileser III Olmstead (1923: 46-47: maps 2-3) Esarhaddon Ashur-bani-apal 668 667 1 668 648 668 648 20 648 20
2: 24 23
2020
Journal for Area Studies on Eastern Christianity Vol.4 2020
25 6848 3; Sin-shar-ishkun 68 2002: 288 1976: 373 668 648
31 668 648 20
IV.
II III 20 669 668 Olmstead (1923: 46-47: maps 2-3) 668 668 648 648 20 668
31 Frame 1992: XXXIV (6)68
(6)48 668/667 648/647 648 7 648/647 668/667 20
3: 25
104
31
648 (/647) 20 33 20 5
Olmstead (1923: 471) 33 Olmstead
1923: 471-475 32 648 7
2002: 286
1 2 Olmstead (1923: 46-47: maps 2-3) 1970 1918-2001; Alkhas2001
(Qashisho 2006) 1
2020
Journal for Area Studies on Eastern Christianity Vol.4 2020
Qashisho (2006) Hujådå Hujådå 1/1 (1978) (Makko 2017: 268, 289n22) (1/1:
2) Hujådå (Assyriska Riksförbundet i Sverige, ARS) (Makko 2017: 267-268) 3 Shalmaneser III TIGLATH PILESER III
Ashur-Ubalit (1340) Ashur-Nasir-Apal (885-860) Sennacherib (705-681)
Tukulti Urta I (1232) Shalmaneser III (746-728) Esarhaddon (681-668)
Tiglath Pileser I (1100) Shargon (722-705) Ashur-Bani-Apal (668-626)
ABC Grayson, A. K. (1975) Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles, Texts from
Cuneiform Sources 5, Locust Valley, New York: Augustin.
SAA 10 Parpola, S. (1993) Letters from Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars, State
Archives of Assyria 10, Helsinki: Helsinki University Press.
Alkh as, W. (2001) “Malfono Youhanon Qashisho (1918-2001),” Zinda Magazine 7/6, April 10, URL: http://www.zindamagazine.com/html/archives/2001/an041001/ 2020 5 2 , Washington, D.C.: Zinda Corporation.
Breasted, J. H. (1916) Ancient Times: A History of the Early World, Boston: Ginn.
Breasted, J. H. (1919) Survey of the Ancient World, Boston: Ginn.
Cohe n, M. E. (1993) The Cultic Calendars of the Ancient Near East, Bethesda, Maryland: CDL Press.
Euse bius Pamphili (1818) Chronicon bipartitum, nunc primum ex Armeniaco textu in Latinum
conversum, adnotationibus auctum, Graecis fragmentis exornatum, part 1, Historico-
chronographica, ed. by J.-B. Aucher, Venice: Coenobium Armenorum.
Fram e, G. (1992) Babylonia 689-627 B.C.: A Political History, Istanbul: Nederlands Historisch-
Archaeologisch Instituut.
Gray son, A. K. (1980-1983) “Königslisten und Chroniken: B. Akkadisch,” in Edzard, D. O. (Hrsg.)
Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archäologie, vol. 6, Klagegesang –
Libanon, Berlin: De Gruyter, 86-135.
2020
Journal for Area Studies on Eastern Christianity Vol.4 2020
Haya kawa, H., Mitsuma, Y., Ebihara, Y. and Miyake, F. (2019) “The Earliest Candidates of
Auroral Observations in Assyrian Astrological Reports: Insights on Solar Activity around 660
BCE,” The Astrophysical Journal Letters 884:L18: 1-7, Washington, D.C.: The American
Astronomical Society.
Jäge r, O. (1909) Weltgeschichte in vier Bänden, vol. 1, Geschichte des Altertums, Leipzig: Velhagen
& Klasing.
Jas ro w, M., Jr. (1915) The Civilization of Babylonia and Assyria: Its Remains, Language, History,
Religion, Commerce, Law, Art, and Literature, Philadelphia: Lippincott.
Makk o, A. (2017) “In Search of a New Home: The Assyrian Diaspora in Sweden,” in Baer, B. and
Levin, P. T. (eds.) Migration from Turkey to Sweden, London: Tauris, 261-294.
Milar d, A. and Whiting, R. (1994) The Eponyms of the Assyrian Empire 910–612 BC, State
Archives of Assyria Studies 2, Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project.
Myers, P. V. N. (1904) Ancient History, Boston: Ginn, revised edition.
Novo tny, J. and Jeffers, J. (2018) The Royal Inscriptions of Ashurbanipal (668–631 BC), Aššur-etel-
ilni (630–627 BC), and Sîn-šarra-iškun (626–612 BC), Kings of Assyria, part 1, The Royal
Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period 5/1, University Park, Pennsylvania: Eisenbrauns.
Olmstead, A. T. (1923) History of Assyria, New York: Scribner.
Parpo la, S. (1983) Letters from Assyrian Scholars to the Kings Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal, part
2, Commentary and Appendices, Alter Orient und Altes Testament 5/2, Kevelaer: Butzon &
Bercker (Reprinted 2007, Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns).
Qashi sho, Y. (2006) “Vi är assyrier historiskt, geografiskt, språkligt och kulturellt,” Hujådå: en
assyrisk tidskrift, March 17, URL: http://www.hujada.com/article.php?ar=4&page=61
2020 4 19 , Södertälje: Assyriska Riksförbundet.
200418: 113-137 200519: 133-152
20017: 192-207
2018 2004
650-651
2004807
2009
2020
Journal for Area Studies on Eastern Christianity Vol.4 2020
198029/7: 67-77 2015 1973 1975
1 24: 182-172 2002 1986
3 276-287
1942a9/2: 138-151 1942b 19763 20011 20023 2003 1980
19768 2002181-187
2009 58: 195-204
201760: (13)-(26)
2015 92/11: 147-158
2004 300
Issue Date 2020-05-01
Key Words: Nakajima Atsushi, Mojika (The Woes of Letters), Romantic Realism,
Ashurbanipal, Assyria
Abstract*
In 1942, the Japanese novelist Nakajima Atsushi published a short story titled Mojika (The Woes of
Letters). The story is set in Nineveh, the capital city of the Assyrian Empire, immediately following
the end of the revolt of Šamaš-šumu-ukn, the brother of King Ashurbanipal. At the king’s
command, the scholar Nabû-a-erba, who is also the protagonist of the story, seeks to better
understand the art of writing letters and makes claims about their accursed and nonsensical nature.
The protagonist’s claim hurts Ashurbanipal, one of the most sophisticated rulers in the ancient
world, and he responds bitterly. King Ashurbanipal orders Nabû-a-erba to be confined to his
home. For his revelations, Nabû-a-erba inevitably dies by the retaliation from the letters.
In this article, I first review recent studies and show the process behind Mojika’s formation: from
English and German classical (introductory) books of Ancient Near Eastern history to Nakajima’s
own notebooks and finally the story itself. Second, I explain why the story is dated to the twentieth
year of Ashurbanipal’s reign (the end of Šamaš-šumu-ukn’s revolt is generally dated to the twenty-
first year of Ashurbanipal’s reign today). Some lines of Nakajima’s “Notebook Six” reveal that he
understood the first year of Ashurbanipal’s reign as 667 BC (generally dated to 668 BC today) on
the basis of the captions in the maps 2-3 of A. T. Olmstead’s History of Assyria (drawn by George
C. Hewes, Jr.)** and that the revolt ended in 648 BC (this dating is generally accepted even today).
This led Nakajima to date the end of the revolt in the twentieth year of Ashurbanipal’s reign,
resulting in the one-year gap against the generally accepted date of the twenty-first year of his reign.
* I thank Gina Konstantopoulos (University of Tsukuba) and Editage (www.editage.jp) for the revision of my English. ** I thank Miriam Hewes Slejko and Elaine Schaufele for their help in identifying the illustrator of the maps.
2020
I. 1
2 1941 7 2002: 504; 2009: 339-340 6 4 2002: 504; 2002: 183-185; 2009:
339 4 (1942b: 1-47) 2 1942 2 1942a: 138-144; 2001: 22-29 1942a: 144-151 3 4 1 (2001: 30-38) (2001: 30) (2002) (2009) n n/n 1 Cohen (1993: 297-305) 2 1909-19421933 1934 1941 1942 2009: 335-341 2009: 264 12 2009: 332 2009: 8-101940 2003: 216-218 1942 3 677 666 3 1 Hayakawa et al. 2019: 2-3, 6: Tablet R2 4 (2015: 153-155) (2018)
2020
Journal for Area Studies on Eastern Christianity Vol.4 2020
(1975: 182) 525 2001: 16-21 4
1973: 119-120; 2009: 196 2001: 9-15 1980: 67-69;
2004: 118-123; 2005: 136-140 7 (1980) (1980: 69-70) Olmstead (1923) (2001) Jastrow (1915) (2015: 149-154) Myers (1904) (2017) 3 Breasted (1916) Breasted (1919) 5 II III 20 21 6 ——21 20 5 (2017: (14)) 6 Novotny and Jeffers (2018: 27-32)
2020
—— 648 669 Parpola 1983: 382 668 2017: (15) Olmstead
(1923: 46-47: maps 2-3)
II.
(2001: 204) (2001) (2002) 7
↓
2002: 281-290 ↓
2002: 243-246← ↓← 8 2002: 429-437← 9
2002: 246-254← ↓← 2002: 254-256← ↓← ’ 2002: 290 2001: 30-38←
→ → → →
7 ’ ’ 2001: 204 8 (1980) 9 13 19 2002: 432 Olmstead (1923: 387) (2001: 199)
2020
Journal for Area Studies on Eastern Christianity Vol.4 2020
’ 10 ’ 2 2001: 204
1980: 69; 2001: 193-194; 2017: (13)-(14) 1 5 6 12 2002: 432 (2017: (14)) 1980; 1986 1947 1986:
276 (1980) (2001) Olmstead (1923) Jastrow (1915) Myers (1904) Breasted (1916) Breasted (1919) 3 Myers (1904) 1980: 19; 1986: 283 (2017:
(16)) Myers (1904) 1 2015: 149-152 Breasted (1916) Breasted (1919) 2 2017: (17), (24) … ’
…Myers (1904) Breasted (1916) 11 2 2001: 206 37 35 2002: 254-25512 Sohndes š sch
10 (2002: 678-680) 11 12 37 34 2002: 679
2020
E. Täg er
1909 1912
1980: 19 (1986: 286) O. Jäger 2006 13 Weltgeschichte 14 4 Weltgeschichte 1 (Jäger 1909) 3 15 Asur-ach-iddin; Asur-banapal;
Samas-schm-ukin; 36 Jäger (1909: 50-54) Assarhaddon /
Assur=achid=idin; Assur=banhabal / Assurbanipal; Samassumukin Jäger (1909)
III.
13 100 https://www. kanabun.or.jp/exhibition/2446/2020 4 20 14 https://www.kanabun.or.jp/cgi-bin/nph-mgwcgi?MGW LPN=CARIN&wlapp=CARIN&WEBOPAC=1&OPACGID=22020 4 20 15
2020
2001: 30
16 17 20 20 18 19 648 4 7 20 648/647 21 20 21 1 20
III.2.
→ 36 36 2002: 255
16 (2004) 17 (2004) 18 (2004) 19 Parpola (1983: 384); Millard and Whiting (1994: 91-92); Novotny and Jeffers (2018: 30-32) SAA 10 141 r. 4-5 20 21 1 Parpola (1983: 382-383); Novotny and Jeffers (2018: 28) 21 648/647 Frame (1992: 153-155); Novotny and Jeffers (2018: 32)
2020
1
1: 36 36
. ↓Samas-schm-ukin (Sammges)
(668 648)
648 Kandalanu ( Kineladanos)
2020
Asur-ach-iddin Asur-banapal Samas-schm-ukin (Sammges)
Kandalanu ( Kineladanos) 22SammgesKineladanos Sammuges Eusebius (1818: 44)
Kineladanos (Grayson 1980-1983: 101) 23 669/668 668/667 12 VIII 10 VIII 669 10
23 11 22 24 ABC 1 iv 30-31; ABC 14 28-29 ABC 14 34 669/668 IX 669 11 22 12 21 25 669/668 1 668/667 ABC 1 iv 34-36; ABC 14
35-36 II 669/668 II 668/667 1 667/666 Frame 1992: 267 668 1 1
22 Frame (1992: 191-192) 23 II 24 12 1 Parpola (1983: 382) Novotny and Jeffers (2018: 28) 25 Parpola (1983: 382); Novotny and Jeffers (2018: 28)
2020
Journal for Area Studies on Eastern Christianity Vol.4 2020
667 1 26 648 667 1
648 20 1 667 668 668 648 20
III.3.
9 2002: 246
11 2002: 247
0 0
2 20
26 n
2020
2002: 68042
669. Esarhaddon Ashur-bani-apal
2002: 283 (2017: (15))
Olmstead (1923: 399) 669 11 Chapter XXX 12 VIII 10 669 11 1 11 2 ABC 1 iv 30-31 Olmstead (1923: 399) 27 32 2002: 286
648
Shamash-shum-ukin Mar Ishtar Babylon Ashur
648648 Olmstead (1923: 475)
27 ABC 1 1887 ABC : 70 ABC 14 1924 (ABC : 125) Olmstead (1923)
2020
Journal for Area Studies on Eastern Christianity Vol.4 2020
ChapterXXXVI 28 1 668 3 Chapter XXXI (Olmstead
1923: 406)
(Olmstead 1923: 405-406) 40 2002: 284 1 1 29 Olmstead (1923) 669 11 648 7 1 668 648 21 (2017: (15)) Olmstead (1923) 668 667 1 1 2002: 289 668 2002: 680 Olmstead (1923) 1 Olmstead (1923: 46-47: maps 2-3) 8 George C. Hewes, Jr. 1 (ASHUR-UBALLIT) (ASHUR-BANI-APAL) 7 8 2 Olmstead (1923)
28 648 7 (1886-1942) (1919) 1976: 258 29 26
2020
Ashur-Uballit (1340)
Tukulti-Urta I (1232)
23 the third Adad-nirari (812-782) (p.75) Adad-Nirari
(812-782) Sammuramat (Semiramis)
the fourth Shalmaneser (782-772) (p.75) Shalmaneser IV (782-772) Ashur-dan III (772-754) (p.75) Ashur-dan III (772-755) (p.169)
Ashur-Dan III (772-755)
Ashur-Nirari V (755-746)
Tiglath Pileser III (746-728) Shalmaneser … the fifth … (728-722) (p.204) Shalmaneser V (728-722) SARGON (722-705) Sargon (722-705) SENNACHERIB (705-681) Sennacherib (705-681) ESARHADDON (681-668) Esarhaddon (681-668) ASHUR-BANI-APAL (668-626) Ashur-bani-apal (668-626)
23
Olmstead (1923: 46-47: maps 2-3) 1
30 Olmstead (1923) 1 Olmstead (1923: 61) Ashur-resh-ishi I “(1127-1115)” Olmstead (1923: 70) Saggal-apal-ekur II “(1102-1092)” 1100 1
2020
Tukulti-Urta TIGLATH
PILESER I Tiglath Pileser Olmstead (1923) 24 23 2
23 23 24 23 Shamshi
Adad V Tiglath Pileser III Olmstead (1923: 46-47: maps 2-3) Esarhaddon Ashur-bani-apal 668 667 1 668 648 668 648 20 648 20
2: 24 23
2020
Journal for Area Studies on Eastern Christianity Vol.4 2020
25 6848 3; Sin-shar-ishkun 68 2002: 288 1976: 373 668 648
31 668 648 20
IV.
II III 20 669 668 Olmstead (1923: 46-47: maps 2-3) 668 668 648 648 20 668
31 Frame 1992: XXXIV (6)68
(6)48 668/667 648/647 648 7 648/647 668/667 20
3: 25
104
31
648 (/647) 20 33 20 5
Olmstead (1923: 471) 33 Olmstead
1923: 471-475 32 648 7
2002: 286
1 2 Olmstead (1923: 46-47: maps 2-3) 1970 1918-2001; Alkhas2001
(Qashisho 2006) 1
2020
Journal for Area Studies on Eastern Christianity Vol.4 2020
Qashisho (2006) Hujådå Hujådå 1/1 (1978) (Makko 2017: 268, 289n22) (1/1:
2) Hujådå (Assyriska Riksförbundet i Sverige, ARS) (Makko 2017: 267-268) 3 Shalmaneser III TIGLATH PILESER III
Ashur-Ubalit (1340) Ashur-Nasir-Apal (885-860) Sennacherib (705-681)
Tukulti Urta I (1232) Shalmaneser III (746-728) Esarhaddon (681-668)
Tiglath Pileser I (1100) Shargon (722-705) Ashur-Bani-Apal (668-626)
ABC Grayson, A. K. (1975) Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles, Texts from
Cuneiform Sources 5, Locust Valley, New York: Augustin.
SAA 10 Parpola, S. (1993) Letters from Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars, State
Archives of Assyria 10, Helsinki: Helsinki University Press.
Alkh as, W. (2001) “Malfono Youhanon Qashisho (1918-2001),” Zinda Magazine 7/6, April 10, URL: http://www.zindamagazine.com/html/archives/2001/an041001/ 2020 5 2 , Washington, D.C.: Zinda Corporation.
Breasted, J. H. (1916) Ancient Times: A History of the Early World, Boston: Ginn.
Breasted, J. H. (1919) Survey of the Ancient World, Boston: Ginn.
Cohe n, M. E. (1993) The Cultic Calendars of the Ancient Near East, Bethesda, Maryland: CDL Press.
Euse bius Pamphili (1818) Chronicon bipartitum, nunc primum ex Armeniaco textu in Latinum
conversum, adnotationibus auctum, Graecis fragmentis exornatum, part 1, Historico-
chronographica, ed. by J.-B. Aucher, Venice: Coenobium Armenorum.
Fram e, G. (1992) Babylonia 689-627 B.C.: A Political History, Istanbul: Nederlands Historisch-
Archaeologisch Instituut.
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