title ix/section 304 foundations of policy and …...title ix/section 304 foundations of policy and...

© ATIXA 2016. All Rights Reserved.

TITLE IX/SECTION 304 FOUNDATIONS OF POLICY AND PROCESS TRAINING (NON-CERTIFICATION)

This training manual is intended to provide assistance for achieving best practices with respect to campus sexual misconduct, but is not

given and should not be taken as legal advice.Before acting on any of the ideas, opinions or suggestions in this

publication, participants should check first with a licensed attorney in their own jurisdiction.

COURSE SLIDE PACKET

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©2016,(ATIXA.(All(rights(reserved. 1

TITLE IX/SECTION 304 FOUNDATIONS OF POLICY AND PROCESS TRAINING

(NON-CERTIFICATION) COURSE© 2016, The NCHERM Group, LLC.

Al l rights res erv ed.

Orlando,( FLSunday,(January(24th

2© 2016, ATIXA. All rights reserved.

BRETT A. SOKOLOW, J.D.President & CEO

The NCHERM Group, LLC.Executive Director, ATIXA

Your Faculty

IS THIS AN IX?


! History( of( Title( IX

! Timing

! Jurisdiction

! Covered( individuals

! Covered( programs

! Subject( matter(

! Causes( of( action(

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A Brief History of Title IXPre-1972

! Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964– No person in the United States shall, on the ground of race, color, or

national origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.

! Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. §2000e-3(a))– “Prohibits discrimination in the terms, conditions or privileges of

employment on the basis of an employee’s sex, race, ethnicity or religion.”

! 1965 - Executive Order 11246– Prohibited federal contractors from discriminating on basis of race,

color, religion, national origin. “Sex” was added in 1968; renamed Exec. Order 11375.

© 2016, ATIXA. All rights reserved.

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A Brief History of Title IX1972-Present

! Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW) – Title IX regulations codified in 1975. – “Title IX and Intercollegiate Athletics” (1979).

! 1979 – Supreme Court created a private right of action under Title IX, Cannon v. U. of Chicago, 441 U.S. 677 (1979).

! 1980 – U.S. Department of Education was created.– Title IX oversight transferred to Dept. of Ed.’s Office for Civil

Rights (OCR).

! Supreme Court holds “Employment discrimination comes within Title IX’s prohibition,” North Haven Bd. of Education v. Bell, 452 U.S. 512 (1982).

© 2016, ATIXA. All rights reserved. 6

! OCR Guidance– 1997 Guidance.– 2001 Guidance.– 2011 Dear Colleague Letter (The “DCL”).– Questions and Answers on Title IX and Sexual Violence (April

2014).– 2015 Dear Colleague Letter, Dear Coordinator Letter &

Resource Guide.

! “Not Alone” – White House Task Force to Protect Students From Sexual Assault (April 2014).

! Also: The Clery Act, VAWA 2013: Section 304.

A Brief History of Title IX1972-Present



When does Title IX apply on a college campus?

Title& IX&(aka& The&Patsy& Mink& Act):

�No&person& in& the& United& States& shall,& on& the&basis& of&sex,&be& excluded& from& participation&in,&be& denied& the& benefits& of,&or&be&subjected&to& discrimination& under& any&educational&program& or&activity& receiving& federal&

financial& assistance.�

8

Title IX! Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 is a federal law intended

to end sex discrimination in all areas of education.– Applies to non-discrimination based on sex/gender to all

recipients of federal funds, both public and private institutions– Applies to issues of program equity, such as in athletics, and also

to sexual harassment and sexual assault.

! In addition to the implementing regulations, the guidelines for compliance with Title IX are provided by the U.S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights: www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/shguide.html


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Title IX Essential Compliance Elements

! Once a “responsible employee” has either actual or constructive notice of sexual harassment/sexual misconduct, the school must:– Take immediate and appropriate steps to investigate what occurred.

• The obligation to investigate is absolute, even if just a preliminary inquiry (see Davis).

– Take prompt and effective action to:• Stop the harassment;• Remedy the effects; and• Prevent the recurrence.

NOTE: This is regardless of whether or not the victim makes a complaint or asks the school to take action.

© 2016, ATIXA. All rights reserved. 10© 2016, ATIXA. All rights reserved.


Timing! OCR( uses(180(days(from(last(occurrence(of(

discrimination/harassment.! But(this(is(the(statute(of(limitations(for(the(complaint(to the(

OCR,( not to(you(and(not to(the(federal(and(state(courts.! That(doesn’t(mean(you(have(to(use(the(same(timeline.! Denying(someone(at(181(days(is(arbitrary.! OCR( says(you(can(use(a(time(limitation,(as(long(as(it(isn’t(

arbitrary.((– Isn’t(any(time(limitation(arbitrary?– Perhaps(the(same(one(for(all(campus(misconduct?

! If(you(have(one,(allow(coordinator(discretion(to(extend(it(as(necessary.((



Jurisdiction! OCR( says(Title(IX,(by(its(text,(does(not(apply(outside(U.S.,(and(will(

not(enforce(extraterritorial(complaints.– But(see(King(et.(al.(v.(EMU,(which(shows(that(courts(connect(Title(IX(to(federally(funded(educational(programs,(even(if(overseas.

! The(Davis standard(is(that(jurisdiction(is(expected(when(institution(has:– Control(over(harasser((discriminator)(AND– Control(over(context(of(the(harassment((discrimination).

! But(none(of( these(preclude(you(from(taking(policy(jurisdiction(over(sexual(misconduct( at(service(events,(during(holidays/LOAs(or(in(study(abroad(programs!


Jurisdiction! This(means( we(will(be( taking(offacampus( jurisdiction.(– See,(e.g.,( Simpson( v.( Colorado.

! When?– Whenever( policy( says.– When( behavior( occurs( on( property(we( own( or( control.– When( behavior( occurs( in(programs/events( we(sponsor.– When( downstream( effects( of( purely( offacampus( conduct(cause( discriminatory( impact( on( campus.


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Covered6Individuals! Students! Faculty! Staff! Campers! Subcontractors,(vendors! Guests,(visitors(

(all(as(both(victim(and(perpetrator)



Covered6Programs! All(programs( run(by(a(Title( IVafunded(recipient.! All(programs(using(facilities( funded(by( federal(

money( (e.g.,( camps(using(your(fields/stadium).

It(does( not(matter(whether( some( of( your(programs( are( explicitly( federally( funded( or( not,( all(institutional( programs( are(covered,( as( has( been(decided( by(Congress,( OCR( and( the( courts.


!


Subject6Matter! All(unwelcome( sexabased(and(genderabased( conduct.(! All(unwelcome( conduct(of(a(sexual(nature.! All( sex(discrimination.! All(gender( discrimination.– Including(gender( identity( discrimination(and(– Sexual(orientation( discrimination( that(implicates(gender.

! Pregnant(and(parenting/nursing( students((employee?)( discrimination.



Subject6Matter! Hostile(environment( sexual(harassment.! Quid(pro(quo/power( Imbalances.! Retaliatory( harassment.! Sexual(violence.! Relationship(violence/interpersonal( violence( (“IPV”).


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Subject6Matter! And,(any(sex/genderabased:– Stalking– Hazing– Bullying– Arson– Vandalism– Theft– And(any(other(policy(violation( that( is(sex/gender(based( that(causes(discriminatory(effect.


Subject6Matter! Limitations:– Actions/conduct/speech( protected(by(academic(freedom.• Pedagogically(appropriate(and(germane(to(the(subject(matter of(course(that(instructor(hired(to(teach/research.

– Actions/conduct/speech( protected(by(the(1st Amendment.(• Merely(offensive(conduct(cannot(be(disciplined( at(a(public((or(CA)(university.(–Must(be(severe,(pervasive((persistent),(and(objectively(offensive.–Must(still(remedy(for(conduct(that(is(severe(or(pervasive((OCR).

• Subjectively(offensive(conduct(cannot(be(disciplined( at(public((or( private(too(in(CA)(university(unless(it(is(also(objectively(offensive.




Causes6of6Action! Injunctive( relief(! Declaratory( relief! Monetary( damages! Administrative( enforcement(– (OCR,(EEOC)



Causes6of6ActionEach(of(these(available( for:

! Disparate( impact.! Disparate( treatment.! Retaliation.! Deliberate( indifference.-Creation/perpetuation( of(hostile(environment.• Front(end/back( end.

! Erroneous(Outcome( (Yusuf(v.(Vassar,( recent( cases).- If(viable,( this(may(be(used(by(the(victim,( too.

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ONE POLICY, ONE PROCESS (1P1P) MODEL

! Process( with( Hearing( and( Appeal(! Investigation( with( Appeal( Process! InvestigationaOnly( Process


Notice

Report to Title IX coordinator

Gate-keeping via preliminary inquiry

Conflict resolution if desired and appropriate

Complainant doesn’t want to proceed and/

or no pattern, pre-dation, or threat of

continued harm exists

Reasonable cause to be-lieve specific polices were violated and/or pattern, predation, or threat of continued harm exists

Agreed-upon remedies

Final outcome

Investigators appointed, formal investigation is

launched, and notice is given to parties

Findings delivered to Title IX coordinatorNo violation found

No appeal permittedOptional complainant request

to Title IX coordinator to reopen or send to formal hearing

Reasonable cause to proceed

Investigation and resolution process end


Resolution without hearing

Notification of charges


Finding

Advisor offered

Interim remedies offered

Final outcome

Final outcome

RejectedIn partAccepted

Accepted by both parties

Sanction

Rejected by one or both

parties

Sanctions-only hearing (page 2)

Notification of charges and formal

hearing (page 2)

Formal hearing (page 2)

ONE POLICY, ONE PROCESS MODEL (1P1P) WITH HEARING & APPEAL

1P1P with Hearing and Appeal


1P1P with Hearing and Appeal

ONE POLICY, ONE PROCESS MODEL (1P1P) WITH HEARING & APPEAL (CONT.)


Formal hearing

Not responsible Not responsible in part

Responsible in part

Responsible

Final outcome

No appeal requestedAppeal requested

Panel recommends sanctions to Title IX

coordinator

Sanctions-only hearing

No appeal requested

Recommended sanctions accepted

Recommended sanctions adjusted

Appeal requested

No appeal requested

Final outcomeRequest for appeal reviewed

Grounds for appeal

Not met Not met in part Met in part Met

Appeal request denied

Sanction(s) and finding(s) upheld

Final outcome

Appeal considered on grounds met

Finding(s)/sanction(s)

upheld

Final outcome

Remanded to appropriate step in process; no appeal following remand


adjusted


ONE POLICY, ONE PROCESS MODEL (1P1P) INVESTIGATION WITH APPEAL

Notice









Final outcome

Investigators appointed, and formal investigation

is launched

Notice is given to parties


Advisor offered


Reporting party

identified

Relevant policies/alleged

violations identified

Investigation plan developed and implemented

Findings finalized and delivered to Title IX

coordinatorNo violation found

Applicable procedures and possible sanctions are

explained

Information/evidence to influence findings shared with parties and chance

to address is offered

Regular updates provided to parties



Appeal requested

Appeal not requested

Final outcome



Administrative resolution

Finding (page 2)

Final outcome

1P1P Investigation with Appeal

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Finding

ONE POLICY, ONE PROCESS MODEL (1P1P) INVESTIGATION WITH APPEAL (CONT.)

Not responsible Not responsible in part

Responsible in part

Responsible

Final outcome

No appeal requestedAppeal requested

Sanctions are recommended

No appeal requested

Recommended sanctions accepted

Recommended sanctions adjusted

Appeal requested

No appeal requested

Final outcomeRequest for appeal reviewed

Grounds for appeal

Not met Not met in part Met in part Met

Appeal request denied

Sanction(s) and finding(s) upheld

Final outcome

Appeal considered on grounds met


upheld

Final outcome

Remanded to appropriate step in process; no appeal following remand


adjusted

1P1P Investigation with Appeal


1P1P Investigation Only

ONE POLICY, ONE PROCESS MODEL (1P1P) INVESTIGATION ONLY

Notice









Final outcome

Investigators appointed, and formal investigation

is launched

Notice is given to parties


Advisor offered


Reporting party

identified

Relevant policies/alleged

violations identified

Investigation plan developed and implemented

Findings finalized and delivered to Title IX

coordinatorNo violation found

Applicable procedures and possible sanctions

are explained

Information/evidence to influence findings shared with parties and chance

to address is offered

Regular updates provided to parties





Administrative resolution

Finding and sanctioning

Final outcome

Final outcome

Final outcome

INVESTIGATION FORMATS

! What’s( Required?! Factors( to( Consider.! Common( Formats:( Description,(

Pros,( and( Cons.

27© 2016, ATIXA. All rights reserved. 28

Investigations(must( be:! Prompt! Thorough.! Reliable.! Impartial.

Investigations(must( be:! Prompt.! Fair.! Impartial.

Officials*responsible( for(investigation.

Training(for(both(TIX(

administrators(and(investigators.

Focus(on(equity.

What’s Required?Title6 IX VAWA


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What’s required?

Choosing(the( right(model:

! Your(school’s(policies(and(procedures.

! Available( resources.

! Campus(culture.

! Value( and(drawbacks( of(different(models.


Investigation, Hearing, and AppealDescription6Investigator/s( conduct(investigation(and(prepare/s(investigative( report(without findings.((

Hearing( officer(or(board(convenes(and(makes( findings,(considering( report,( investigators’( testimony,( and(other(relevant( information.

Parties(have(equitable( opportunity(to(appeal( to(reader( or(board,(who(makes( a(final(determination( or( remands(case(back( to(original( factafinders.(


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Investigation, Hearing, and AppealValuesInvestigation(is(flexible(and(strategic.(Option(to(follow(leads(and(identify(and(gather(evidence.(Ensures(information(is(not(missed.(Minimizes(need(for(lengthy(hearing.((

Hearing( offers(opportunity(to(clarify(or(address( issues(not(fully(explored( during(investigation.

Appeal( provides(additional( level( of(review.( Opportunity(for(consideration(of(new( information.

Involvement( of(multiple( officials(safeguards(against( too(much(authority( vested( in(one(or( two(individuals and(possible(impact(of(bias.(


Investigation, Hearing, and AppealDrawbacksAll(involved(must(be(trained;(time/resource(commitment.(Investigators’(expertise(may(not(be(maximized.(Quick(resolution(may(be(challenging. Lengthy,(multiatiered(process(may(dissuade(reporting.Clear(grounds(for(appeal(and(gatekeeper(to(review(requests(needed.(Appeal(readers/boards(must(understand(deference.(Possibility(of(improper(influence.(Changed(findings(could(affect(board(morale.

Written(communication(to(parties(regarding(results(prea and(postaappeal(required.(Explaining(internal(disagreement(may(be(challenging.Specter(of(a(Hearing(Board(could(deter(reporting(


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Investigation, Hearing, and AppealVariation

DescriptionInvestigation(determines( whether( Title( IX(applies,(which(then( feeds(conduct(process(that(determines( if(policy(was(violated(and(whether( sanctions(should(be(issued.(Conduct(process(is(the(“hearing.”(



ValueDecisionamaking( authority( is(distributed;(may(protect(against(bias.( (

May(ensure(Title( IX(cases(are(not(handed(wholly(differently( than(other(conduct(cases.((

Process(may(be(more( familiar( to(student(affairs(professionals.(


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DrawbacksConvoluted(process(may(dissuade( individuals( from(coming(forward.

Clearly( defined( roles(are( needed( due(to(potential( for(lack(of(consensus(on(findings.

Process(may(be(unfamiliar( to(human(resources(professionals.(


Investigation and Hearing (No Appeal)DescriptionInvestigator/s( conduct(investigation(and(prepare/s( report(without findings.((

Hearing( officer(or(board(convenes(and(makes( findings,(considering( report,( investigators( testimony,( and(other(relevant( information.(

Decision(of(hearing( officer(or(board(is(final.(


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Investigation and Hearing (No Appeal)ValueBenefits(of(investigation( followed(by(hearing( same(as(previous.

Lack(of(appeal(option(streamlines( process,(making( prompt(resolution(more( likely.

Fewer( officials/levels( involved(means( fewer( opportunities(for(internal(disagreement.(


Investigation and Hearing (No Appeal)DrawbacksOCR(recommends( appeal( where( procedural(error(or(previously(unavailable( relevant( evidence( could(significantly( impact( the(outcome(of(case,(or(where(sanction(is(substantially(disproportionate( to(findings.((

If(appeals( are(offered( for(other( types(of(cases,(not(offering(one( for(Title( IX(cases(creates( inconsistency.(

Without(a(formalized(appeal( option,(parties(may( try(to(appeal( unofficially(by(going( to(a(highalevel( administrator.(


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Investigation and Hearing (No Appeal)Variation

DescriptionInvestigator(s)( conduct(investigation(and(determine(s)( if(probable(cause(exists(to(charge( responding(party.(

Hearing( officer(or(board(convenes(as(primary( factafinders.(



ValueGatekeeping( step(is(formally( inserted( into(process,(providing(opportunity(for(case( to(be(“dismissed”(prior(to(hearing( if(probable(cause(does(not(exist.(

Conserves( resources(and(prevents( reporting( party( from(unnecessarily( going(through( the(process.


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DrawbacksInvestigation(may( not(be(comprehensive( if(investigators(are(only( responsible(for(determining( whether( reasonable(cause(exists.(

Puts(heavy(burden(on(hearing(officer(or(board( to(gather(information.


Investigation and Appeal (No Hearing)

DescriptionInvestigator/s( conduct(investigation(and(prepare/s( report(with(ultimate( findings.((

Parties(have(equitable( option(to(appeal( to(reader( or(board,(who(may(remand( the(case(back(to(the(investigators.(


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ValueInvestigators’(expertise( may(be(maximized.

Elimination( of(hearing( may( incentivize( reporting,( as(the(hearing( is(often(perceived( as(adversarial.

Promptness(requirements( are(easier( to(meet.(



DrawbacksImplementation( in(student(affairs( setting(may(be(challenging( (student(affairs(officials(may( be(more(accustomed(to(hearing( board(model).

Perception( that( it(is(more(difficult(to(effectively( allow( for(confrontation(of(evidence( without(a(hearing.

Continued(misperception( that(“hearing”( is(required.(


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Investigation Only (No Hearing or Appeal)

DescriptionInvestigator/s( conduct(the(investigation(and(prepare/s( a(report(with( findings.(The( finding/s(is/are( final(and(may(not(be(appealed.



ValueInvestigators’(expertise( may(be(maximized.

Elimination( of(hearing( may( incentivize( reporting,( as(hearing( is(often(perceived( as(adversarial.

Promptness(requirements( are(easier( to(meet.


47


DrawbacksMisperception( that(“hearing”( is(required(and( that(it( is(more(difficult(to(effectively( allow( for(confrontation(of(evidence( without(one.

Great(deal( of(authority(and(heavy(burden( rests(with(investigator/s.

Any(bias(may( taint(entire(process.

OCR(recommends( offering(an(appeal( option. Parties(may(unofficially(appeal(decisions(to(a(highalevel( administrator.


Investigation with Recommendationto Coordinator (or Designee)


InvestigationRecommended(Finding( and/or(

Sanction

Coordinator( as(decisionamaker

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Investigation with Recommendationto Panel (Hearing on Investigation,

Not Underlying Offense)


InvestigationRecommended(Finding( and/or(

Sanction

Hearing Panelas(decisionamaker

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Investigation, Hearing, and Appeal(Investigator is on hearing board)

DescriptionInvestigator/s( conduct(investigation(and(prepare/s(report(without( findings.((

Hearing( officer(or(board(convenes(and(makes( findings,(considering( report,( investigator’s( testimony,( and(other(relevant( information.(

Parties(have(equitable(option(to(appeal(to(reader(or(board,(who(makes(a(final(determination(or(may( remand(case(back(to(the(original(factafinders.(


51


ValueInvestigator( is(afforded(another(attempt( to(collect(information( that(could(not(be(gathered( during(investigation.

Board(benefits( from(the( investigator’s( insights.(



DrawbacksPerception( that( investigator(may(unduly(sway(board(or(that( investigator(will(be(unable( to(maintain( neutrality(after(having(gathered( evidence( and(meeting( with(parties(and(witnesses.(


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Variation to Most Previous Models

DescriptionInvestigation( report( is(shared(with(parties( for(feedback/response( before(finalization.(


Variation on All Previous ModelsDescriptionTitle( IX(coordinator(signs(off(at( some(point.

ValueIn(theory,( coordinator( is(best(trained,( and(need( for(coordinator( to(sign(off(may(ensure( that(correct( result( is(reached.(

DrawbackProcess(for(when( the(Title( IX(coordinator(disagrees( with(the( investigators/s,(hearing( board,(or(appeal( body(needed.(


CIVIL RIGHTS INVESTIGATION & GRIEVANCE MODEL: AN OVERVIEW


! The( “IX(Commandments”! The( Process:( Notice( to( Appeals! Why(Apply( Investigative( Model! When( to( Investigate! Coordinating( Different( Processes! Preponderance( Standard


The IX Commandments

Thorough Reliable Impartial

Prompt Effective Equitable

End(the(Discrimination

Prevent(its(Recurrence

Remedy(the(effects( upon(the(victim(&(community

Investigation

Process

Remedies

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The Process

! Incident– Notice( to(Title( IX(officer,( strategy( development.

! Investigation– Informal,( administrative,( or(formal( resolution?

! Investigation(and( report( (and(in(some(cases…).! Hearing– Finding– Sanction

! Appeal


Why Apply Investigation Model?! Sex(based(misconduct( is(not(only(a(campus(behavioral(

violation,(but(also(a(violation(of(federal(civil(rights(laws.! Often(requires(Title(IX(response.! Civil(Rights(Investigation(Model(most(effective(for(victimabased(

violations.– Campus( conduct( process(typically(involves(passive(receipt(of(information.

– Investigation(process(involves(strategic(information(gathering,(comprehensive(investigation,(credibility(determination.

– Better(information(leads(to(better(decisions.! Investigation(model(can(stand(alone(or(be(grafted(onto(and/or(

integrated(into(existing(procedures.


10 Steps1. Complaint(or(notice2. Preliminary( investigation( (initial( strategy)3. Gatekeeper( determination4. Charge5. Strategize( investigation6. Formal( comprehensive( investigation7. Witness( interviews8. Evidence( gathering9. Analysis10. Finding


When Do You Investigate?

! Receive( complaint.! Actual(notice(or(constructive(notice.! How(do(rumors,(gossip,(online(postings,(etc.( fit(in?! Once(notice(exists,(the(duty(to(investigate( is(

absolute.– Small( “i” preliminary.– Big(“I”(comprehensive( investigation.

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Notice! In(civil( rights(model,(notice(has(many(phases,( some(or(

all(of(which(may(come( to(pass((equitably):– Notice(of(investigation(and/or( initial(meeting.– Postagatekeeper( phase,(notice(of(charges((complaint).

– Postainvestigation,(notice(of(hearing( (if(applicable).– Updates(of(status(of(investigation((ongoing).– Notice(of(outcome(and(sanctions.– Notice(of(appeal.– Notice(of(final(determination.


Notice: Actual And Constructive

! In(context(of(harassment(of(students(by(other(students(or(by(third(parties,( school(has(notice( if(responsible(employee( knew,( or( in(the(exercise(of(reasonable( care,( should(have(known,(about( sexual(harassment(or(violence.(

! OCR(enforcement( of(Title( IX(uses(both(actual(and(constructive(notice(standard(because(OCR(investigations(are(administrative( enforcement( process((— different( than(civil( lawsuit( for(monetary( damages.


Actual6Notice

! Individual( files(Title( IX(grievance.! Individual(notifies(Title( IX(coordinator(or(other(

responsible(employee.! Individual( complains( to(campus(police(or(security(

official.! Staff(member( witnesses(harassment.! Indirect(notice( from(sources(such(as(flyers(posted(on(

campus,(media,( online(postings,(and(video.


Constructive6Notice! In(some(cases,(pervasiveness( of(harassment(may(be(

enough( to(conclude(that(college( should(have(known(of(the(hostile(environment( — where( harassment( is(widespread,( openly(visible,( or(well( known(to(students(and/or( staff.(

! In(other(cases,(OCR(can(conclude(that( institution(should(have(known(of(incidents(of(harassment(based(on(report( to(employee( with( reporting(duty(to(a(supervisor,(but(failed( to(uphold(that(duty,(or(based(on(complainant’s( reasonable( understanding(of(the(apparent( authority(of(the(person( to(whom(the( report(was(made,( though(that(employee( in(fact( lacked(actual(authority(as(a(mandated( reporter.( (

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Preliminary Investigation! This(is(initial( inquiry( to(determine( if(comprehensive(

investigation( is(desired(or(necessary.! Checking(background,(obvious(patterns,( indicia(of(

predatory,( violent,( or(threatening( behavior.! Push(one(Domino(over(at(a(time.! How(much(involvement( does(victim(want?! Can(we( remedy( informally(or(without(discipline?! Give(victim(as(much(control(as(possible(in(process.


! Determine( if( there( is(reasonable( cause( to(charge(accused( individual,(and(what( policy(violations(should(be(alleged( as(part(of(complaint.

! Establish(preliminary( timeline( for(the( investigation.! Investigate( all( complaints(to(determine:– Extent(of(harassment.– Acuity(of(threat( it( represents( to(students.– What(might(be(necessary( to(put(end( to(it.

Preliminary Investigation


Preliminary Investigation

! Be(able( to(show(that(comprehensive( civil( rights(investigation(was(completed( and(documented.

! Responding( to(anonymous(reports:– Determine( if(trend(or(pattern(may(be(apparent.– You(may(have(a(duty(to(attempt( some(form(of(remedial( response,(even( to(anonymous(report.


Gatekeeping

! As(investigation(unfolds,(investigators( should(determine( if(there( is(reasonable( cause( to(believe(policy(was(violated.

! If(that( threshold(is(reached,( investigators( should(communicate( with(coordinator(to(ensure( formal(charge( ensues.

! If(investigation( cannot(produce(sufficient(evidence(of(reasonable( cause,( it(should(end(prior( to(issuance(of(formal(charge,( and(no(hearing( should(be(held.

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What is the Gatekeeping Function and Why is it Essential?

! Whether( your(goal( is(equity,( due(process,(essential(fairness,(equal(dignity,( or(process(infused(with(humanity(of(participants,( it(is(unfair(for(accused(individual( to(be(dragged( through(process(without(substantiating(evidence.

! Significant( reputational( harm(can( result(from(allegations( of(sexual(harassment,( etc.

! Charge( (complaint)(must(be(supported(by(reasonable( cause( to(permit( its(full pursuit.


Charge (Allegation)

! Prepare( and(deliver( notice(of(investigation( (and(possibly(notice(of(charges,( if(appropriate)( on(basis(of(the( initial( investigation.– Notice(of(investigation(should(be(shared(verbally(and(sent( in(writing( to(respondent(

– Notice(of(charge(s)(of(alleged( violation(s)(of(student(conduct(code(or( institutional(policy(should(also(be(shared(with(complainant.


Civil Rights Investigation Model and Student Conduct Model

! How( does( model( alter(current( student( conduct( model(used( to(address( sexual( assaults,( stalking,( intimate(partner( violence( etc.?– No( direct( applicability( to(victimless( violations.– An(active( gathering( of( information( by( investigator/s;(not( intended( to( “build( a(case.”

– Does( not( impact( implementation( of( alternative(dispute( resolution( approaches.(

– Characterized( by( intentional( effort( to(equalize(procedural( and( support( mechanisms.(

– Typically( provide( right(of( appeal( for( all(parties( to(complaint,( not( just( accused.(


How is Investigation Different in HR than in Student Conduct?

! Role(of(FERPA,( employee/faculty(handbook/collective( bargaining( agreement( impacts(process.

! Issues(of(First(Amendment( protections.! State(public( records(laws.! Atawill( v.(property( interest.

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Coordinating Multiple Procedures! Institutions( frequently( have(more( than( one( complaint(

process( that(can( potentially( be( applicable( if(sexual(misconduct( occurs.( For(example:- Sexual( harassment( procedures.- General( student( grievance( procedure.- Student( discipline( process.- faculty( discipline( process.- grade( appeal( process.- employee( grievance( procedures.- collective( bargaining( agreements.

! If(multiple( procedures( are(invoked,( coordinate( to( ensure(prompt( and( equitable( results.


Jurisdiction

! For(sexual(misconduct/Title( IX(cases:– Expectation( that(you(have( SOME jurisdiction(over(offacampus(incidents.

! Jurisdictional( limitations:– Geographic.(– Temporal.

! When( is(a(student(a(�student?�– ApplicationaAdmissionaRegistrationaAttendanceaBreaks.


Investigation Team Process Overview! The( investigation( team,( in(consultation(with(

supervisors,(and/or( the(Title( IX(coordinator( strategizes(entire( investigation,( including(methodology,( order,(timeline,( goals,(obstacles,(etc.

! Interview( all(witnesses.! Gather(and(assesses(evidence.! Write( report.! Make( finding(or( recommendation( (will( vary(by(school).– May(recommend( sanction.


How is a Decision Rendered?

! Variations( in(role(of(decision(process:– Investigator( presents(findings(to(accused(individual.

– Investigator( recommends( to(supervisor(or(hearing(panel.

– Investigator( only(presents( investigation( report(without( findings.

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What Happens Next?! Administrator(accepts(or(rejects( finding,(makes(

determination( subject( to(appeal.! Or,(hearing( is(held,( subject(to(appeal.! Or,( investigator(presents( findings:– Accused( individual(accepts.• Recommended( finding( implemented.–Not(appealable.

• May(recommend( sanctions(or(sanctions(by(administrator.– If(rejected,( hearing( on(sanctions.–Appeal.


What Happens Next?! Investigator( presents(findings:– Accused( individual( rejects.• Hearing.–Appeal.

– Accused( individual(accepts(in(part,( rejects( in(part.• Hearing( only(on(disputed(findings.–Appeal.


Role of Campus Law Enforcement in Civil Rights Investigations?

! Can( campus( law( enforcement( be( Title(IX( Investigatory(arm?– Should( it(be?(– Legal( standards( for( criminal( investigations( are(different.– Police( investigations( or(reports( may( not( be(determinative( of(whether( harassment( occurred( under(Title(IX( and( do( not( relieve( school( of( duty( to(respond(promptly( and( effectively.

! Establish( MOUs( with( campus( police( and( other( local(enforcement( and( update( annually.– The( power( of( the(tableatop( exercise.


What is Appropriate Standard of Proof?

! Different(standards:(What(do(they(mean?( Why(do(they(exist?- Beyond(a(reasonable( doubt.- Clear( and(convincing.- Preponderance6of6the6evidence.

! Use(language( the(community(understands.- 50.1%( (50%(plus(a(feather).- �More( likely( than(not.�- The(�tipped(scale.�

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Preponderance Standard

! Try( NOT to(use( just(term(�preponderance( of(the(evidence.� It’s(not(common(language(

! Articulate( standard( throughout(policy,(procedure,(investigation,( and(hearings.

! Educate(parties( and(their(advisors.


Is a Hearing Necessary?

! Only( if( your( policy( insists( on( using( traditional( student(conduct( process( or( adversarial( hearing( model.

! Ask(if( there( is(better(way(to(do( equity( through( equity.( (There( is.

! In( our( experience,( a(wellaconducted( civil(rights(investigation( results( in( accepted( finding( (no( hearing)( in(between( 70–80%( of( cases

! Hearings( can( still(occur,( when( necessary,( and( in(more(limited,( less( adversarial,(more( efficient( fashion.


What Role Does the Investigator Play in Eventual Hearing?

! Investigator( is(key(witness(at(any(hearing.! Investigation( report( is(admitted(as(evidence.! Other(witnesses(can(be(called,( or(investigators(may(

summarize( their( testimony.! Investigator( can(attest( to(credibility,( call(attention( to(

discrepancies,( and(arrange( for(expert( sources(of(information,(as(needed.

! Investigator’s( finding(may(be(introduced(but(is(not(binding(on(hearing( body.


How Important is Creation of Investigation Report?

! Investigation( report( is(one(comprehensive( document(summarizing( investigation,( including:- Results(of(interviews( with(parties( and(witnesses.- Results(of(interviews( with(experts.- Summary( of(other( information(collected( (i.e.,(information( from(police( reports,( including(pretext(calls,(medical(exams,( video(surveillance( and(photographs,( copies(of(text,(email( and(social(networking( messages,( etc.).

- Conclusions(and(findings.

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How Important is the Creation Investigation Report?

! Assessment(of(weight,( relevance,( and(credibility( of(information(gathered.(

! Identification(of(time( sequence(of(events( that(allegedly( occurred.

! Assessment(of(credibility(of(parties.! Explanation( of(nonresponsive(witnesses(and(

unsuccessful(attempts(to(collect(information( (i.e.,(documents( investigator’s( outreach( to(relevant(witnesses( identified( by(either( party).


How Does Model Meet Due Process Requirements of Procedural Fairness?! Generally( refers( to(regularity,( fairness,(equality,( and(

degree( of(justice( in(both(procedures(and(outcomes.! Rights(extend( to(all(parties( (equal(dignity).– Campus(Sexual(Assault(Victims� Bill(of(Rights.(– OCR(guidance( (2001)(and(DCL((2011).– Equitable( procedure(and(support(mechanisms( for(both(parties.• Equity(≠(parity

– Consider(value( of(transparency(and(enhanced(communication(with(parties(during(process.


Timelines

! Ensure(all( steps(in(investigation(are(conducted(according( to(timelines( in(institution’s(policy.

! Parties(and(witnesses( should(be(interviewed( as(soon(as(possible.– So(recollections( are(as(fresh(and(accurate(as(possible.

– To(secure(necessary( remedies( as(soon(as(possible.! Document(unavoidable(delays.! Notice(of(extensions.


ATIXA Recommended Timeline! Notice(of(grievance(to(Title(IX(coordinator((clock(starts(ticking!).! Title(IX(eligibility(determined((within(2(business(days).! Assignment(to(investigation(team((within(4(business(days).! Notice(of(investigation((varies(according(to(investigation(

strategy).! Investigation((within(10a14(business(days).! Shared(outcome(of( investigation((within(1a3(business(days).! Gatekeeping((ongoing).! Notice(of(charge((within(2(business(days(of(of(investigation(

conclusion( or(during(investigation(as(appropriate).! Notice(of(hearing((within(2(business(days(of(investigation(

conclusion).

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Recommended Timeline! Hearing( (within( 5( business( days(of( notice( of( hearing).! Notice( of( outcome( (within( 2( business( days).! Appeal( (within( 3a5( business( days).! Notice( of( appeal( (within( 1(business( day).! Notice( of( final( determination( (within( 7(business( days).! Notice( of( implementation( of( remedies/sanctions( (no(

later(than( 60( =/a days).– Sanctions( or(responsive( actions( are( implemented(immediately( unless( appropriate( administrator( stays(their( implementation( in( extraordinary( circumstances,(pending( outcome( of( appeal.


The Reluctant Victim

! When(alleged(victim(is(reluctant(to(make(formal(complaint,(or(returns(to(withdraw(formal(complaint,(investigators(should(honor(request(and(determine(reason(for(reconsideration.

! Reasons(involving(investigation(or(hearing(process(should(be(addressed(by(investigator.(Those(involving(other(issues(should(be(addressed(by(support(person.

! Comprehensive(investigation(and/or(resolution(should(not(automatically(involve(alleged(victim,(as(it(may(be(conducted(without(that(person’s(involvement,(if(sufficient(independent(evidence(allows.


The Reluctant Victim! Victims(should(be(notified(as(to(options:– That(process(will( still(be(available( to(them,(regardless( of(how(long( they(wait.

– That( institution(will( support(them( in(any(way( it( can((e.g.,( housing,( classes,(no(contacts,(etc.).

– That,( if(information( is(brought( to(attention(of(institution(that(may( involve(violence,( threat,(pattern,( predation,(and/or(weapons,( it(may(be(forced(to(proceed( with( investigation,(but(that(victim(will(be(notified(of(this(process.


Confidentiality for Complainant

! If(complainants( request( their(name( not(be(used:– Institution(should(take(all( reasonable( steps(to(respond(and( investigate(consistent(with( request.

– So(long(as(doing(so(does(not(prevent( school(from(responding(effectively( and(preventing(harassment(of(other( students(or(complainant.

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Confidentiality for Complainant

! Institution(should(explain( to(complainant( that:– Its(responsive(action(may(be(limited.– It( cannot(guarantee( privacy( if(doing(so(would((( ((jeopardize( safety(of(complainant(or(others.

! Emphasize( that(only(those(with(need( to(know(will(be( informed.– Train( those(who(will(be(informed(about(confidentiality(expectations.


�Confidentiality� of Process

! Privacy(of(parties’( and(witnesses’(names( and(allegations( should(be(maintained( to(greatest( extent(possible.

! What( is(best(practice(with( respect( to(furnishing(parties(with(copies(of(complaint/report?

! What(advice(do(we( give(victims(who(wants( to(“share”(their( story?


“Due Process” and Fundamental Fairness for All Parties

! Regular( and(consistent(handling(of(complaints.! Fairness( in(treatment( of(complainant(and(

respondent.(! Equity( throughout(process(in(both(procedures(and(

outcomes.! Infusing(process(with(humanity(and( respect( for(

participants.


Focus On Remedies! Throughout(process:– Investigation.– Stop(behavior.( (Are(we( rehab( facilities?)– Remediate( impact( (often(not(sanctionabased).– Prevent( reaoccurrence.• Consider(effect(of(�educational� sanctions.(Second(victim( is(both(Title( IX(and(negligence(concern.• Consider(what( educational/training( needs( to(be( implemented,( changed,(etc.

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Prior Acts as Evidence! Previous(conduct(violations(by(accused( individual(are(

not(generally( admissible( in(due(process(proceedings.! They(are( essential( (and(legally( required)(

considerations(in(any(civil( rights(investigation.(! Must(be(considered(as(evidence( of(finding,(not(just(of(

sanction.! Previous(goodafaith(allegations,( convictions,(and(

campus(findings(must(be(considered.! Entire( continuum(of(violence(may(establish(pattern.


Sanctioning! Title( IX(and(case( law(requires:– Bring(end(to(discriminatory(conduct.– Take( steps(reasonably(calculated( to(prevent( future(reoccurrence( of(discriminatory(conduct.

– Restore(victim(as(best(you(can(to(preadeprivation(status.

! Real(clash(with(typically( educational(and(developmental( sanctions(of(student(conduct(processes.(

! Sanctions(for(serious(sexual(misconduct(should(not(be(developmental( as(primary( purpose.(They(are( intended(to(protect( the(victim(and(community.


Post-Finding Actions! Investigation(alone( is(not(sufficient(to(overcome(

deliberate( indifference(claim.! Must(be(nexus(between( sanctions(and( discriminatory(

conduct(that(led( to(sanctions.! What( is(appropriate?– Separation/expulsion.(– Suspension.– Lesser( sanctions.

! Engage( in(strategic( education(and(training(requirements.

! Conduct(risk(assessment(audit(and(mitigation( process.


Other Considerations! Ensure( remedies( are(not( clearly(unreasonable( in(light(of(

known( circumstances.! Avoid(undue( delays.! Take(immediate( steps( to(protect(complainants( even(before(

final( outcome( of(investigations( (no( contact( orders,(etc.).(! Ensure( remedies( are(equitable.! Consider( restorative(justice(as(part(of( remedial( process.! Monitor( for(retaliation(and( respond( immediately( to(

allegations.(! Regularly(review(policies,( procedures,( and( practices( to(

ensure( alignment(with(best(practices( and( state(and(federal(case( law.

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DCL Guidance on Appropriate Remedies* Not an Exhaustive List

! Providing(escort.(! Ensuring(complainant(and(

alleged( perpetrator( do(not(attend( same( classes.

! Relocating( to(different(residence( hall.

! Providing(counseling(services.! Providing(medical(services.! Providing(academic(support(

services,( such(as(tutoring.! Transportation( assistance.

! Arranging( for(complainant(to(reatake( course/withdraw( from(class(without(penalty.

! Reviewing( any(disciplinary(actions(taken( against(complainant(to(see(if(there( is(causal(connection(between(harassment( and(misconduct(and(adverse( action.

! Campuswide(training(and(education(initiatives.


Appeals

If(we(provide(them,(must(be(provided(equitably.

Each(party(can(request(appeal.

Each(party(can(participate(in(appeal(to(

same(extent.

Processes(functioning(as(final(appeals(are(

inequitable(if(reporting(party(is(not(participant.

! Title( IX,(VAWA(Section(304,(and(appeals(best(practices.! Appeals(are( not(required(by(federal( law.


Appeals: Key Elements

One(level(of(appeal(is(all(you(need.

Limit(grounds(for(appeal.(

Show(deference(to(initial(decision.• Clear(error(in( finding;(compelling(justification(to(change(sanctions.

Sanctions(usually(take(effect(immediately.

Short(window(to(request(appeal((3a7(days(is(common).• Can(always(grant(extension(if(necessary.

Documentabased(and(recording(review.(• Limited(interviews;(NOT(de*novo.

Appeals(should(not(be(automatic;(based(

on(request.

Preponderance(of(evidence(is(standard(

for(decision.


• Making( sure(the( procedures( were(followed(to(fair(result.

• Result(may(not(be(how(you(would(have(decided(it,(but(goal(is(to(show(deference(on(appeal(unless(there( is(clear6error.

• Initial(investigation(and(decision(should(be(presumptively( sufficient(until(evidence( shows(otherwise.

• Under( Title( IX,(many(appeals(now(implicate(sufficiency(of(investigation,((new(concern.

The(Philosophical(Basis( for(Appeals

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• With(investigation(now(under(microscope(on(appeal,(layer(of(Title(IX(coordinator(signaoff(after(investigation(is(critical(to(integrity(of(investigation(process((Facebook(example).

• You(may(disagree(with(sanction,(but(there(must(be(compelling6justification to(change(it,(not(mere(disagreement.

• Sanctions(must(bring(end(to(discrimination(and(reasonably(prevent(reoccurrence( (Title(IX).

• Remedies(must(repair(harm;(make(whole(victim(and(community.

The(Philosophical(Basis( for(Appeals


When Appeals Go Off the Rails

Interventionist(appeals(officers(who(believe(it(is(their(job(to(seconda

guess.(

Granting(appeals(for(chance(at(education(conversation/to(teach(

lesson.

Liability(risk(of(tooastrong(appellate(

authority.

Hierarchs(as(appeals(officers:(common(practice(and(often(

mistake.

Failure(of(adequate(training.

Too(much(deference(can(also(bite(you((if(initial(decision(is(

wrong,(or(results(from(lack(of(training,(you(must(set(things(right).


! Remand.( Your( judgment( is(not(better( than( that(of(others(in( the(process.( If(there( is(a(problem(and(you(can(send( it(back,(do(so.((

! Problems(with( investigation(can(be( repaired( by(reopening( investigation,(or( in(rare(cases,(by(reainvestigating.

! Problems(with(hearings(can(often(by(fixed(by(limited(reahearing.( Reados(should(be(rare.

! 80–90%(of(appeals( should(be(denied.(Of( remaining(10–20%,(almost(all(should(be( remanded.

Appeals Best Practices


Appeals Best Practices! Joinder.(Title( IX(sets(up(the(potential( for(appeals( of(

appeals(of(appeals.( (! To(avoid(this((and(you(want( to),(you’ll(need(a(onea

level( appeal(process((more( levels( are( just(bureaucracy(and(are( not(needed)(where( all(parties( are( joined( in(the(appeal( regardless( of(whether( they(petition( for(it,(and(irrespective( of(grounds(asserted.( (

! All(viable(grounds(should(be( joined(in(one(reconsideration(with(all(parties( participating.

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! Appeals( are(typically( in(writing.( (! Review( investigation( report,( hearing( record,( and( all(available( documents.(

! Interview( investigators,( coordinator,( and/or( hearing(officers/panelists .

! You( may(conduct( limited( interviews( with(parties( or(witnesses( as( necessary,( but( avoid( full( reahearing.( If( needed,(remand.( (

!Make( independent( and( impartial( determination.! Grounds( for( appeal( or(changes( must( be( shown( by( evidence(that(is( “more( likely(than( not”( under( Title(IX.



! Letters(of(outcome,( including( finding,(any(sanctions,(and(rationale( therefore( are(applicable( to(appeals(decisions(under(VAWA(Section(304.

! Rights(to(advisors(of(parties’( choosing(are(as(applicable( to(appeals(as(to(any(other( stage( in(process.(

! If(you(are( not(eligible( to(hear(appeals( (i.e.,(provost,(president,(etc.),( refer(angry(parent(on(phone( to(proper(official.( (


Appeals Best Practices! If(initial(decision( is(presumptively( correct,( implement(

sanctions(immediately,( not(pending(appeal.( (! Coordinators(or(other(administrators( should(have(

discretion( to(stay(implementation( of(sanctions(on(caseabyacase(basis,(but(default( should(be( that(they(go(into(effect( immediately.

! Otherwise,( we’re( saying(sanctions(are(presumptively(incorrect(until(appeal( says(they(are(OK.( (

! If(that( is(case,(why(not(just(skip(hearing( and(go(right(to(appeal?( (


Appeals: Grounds for Appeal

Procedural(error(or(omission(occurred(that(significantly(impacted(the(finding((e.g.,(substantiated(bias,(material(deviation(from(established(procedures).

To(consider(new(evidence,(unknown(or(unavailable(during((original(hearing(or(investigation,(that(could(substantially(impact(the(original(finding(or(sanction.(• A(summary(of((new(evidence(and(potential(impact(must(be(included.(

Sanctions(imposed(are(substantially(disproportionate(to(severity(of(violation([or:(Sanctions(fall(outside(range(of(sanctions((university/college(has(designated(for(this(offense(and(cumulative(record(of(accused(individual].((

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Appeals Logistics

Petition( for( Appeal:( (Reviewed( by(Single(

Administrator(

Initial( review(of(appeal(to(determine(whether(it( states(grounds( upon(which( relief( can(be(

granted.

Petition(denied( or(accepted;(If(accepted…

Two(models:( Single(Administrator( or(

Panel

Single( trained(administrator.(E.g.:(VPSA,( director(of(HR,(associate(provost,(

coordinator

Trained(appeals( panel(3(panelists(from(pool(who(have(not(yet(participated(or(had(knowledge(of(facts


Communication Protocols

Status(of(appeal(is(part(of(status(of(investigation.(

Reporting(party(is(entitled(to(regular(updates(on(this(

status.

When(one(party(requests(appeal,(other(party(ies)(should(be(

notified,(and(joined,(either(on(same(basis(that(appeal(has(been(requested,(or(on(other(bases(that(they(wish(to(

assert(as(grounds.

Exchange(appeals(documents(and(requests(between(parties,(with(an(opportunity(to(

respond.


Appeals: Possible Outcomes! Request( for( appeal( denied.- Decision( stands.

! Request( for( appeal( granted.- Decision( stands.• This6 should6 be6 the6 norm.

– Remand.• To( correct( procedural( error( or(address( new( evidence:- Reaopen( investigation( (full( redo( uncommon).- ReaHearing( (usually( partial,( unless( full( rehearing(required).

• To( adjust( the( sanction:- Remand( or( sanction( adjustment( by( appellate(body.


Appeals: The Process

Request(for(Appeal

Accepted

Decision(Stands

Remand

Reaopen/New(Investigation

ReaHearing( or(New(Hearing

Sanctionsaonly(rehearing

Sanction(Adjusted

Denied Decision(Stands

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IMPLEMENTING THE ONE POLICY, ONE PROCESS MODEL (1P1P)

!Overview!Policy( Updates!New/Updated( Definitions!Implementation( Discussion


Overview of 1P1P

! One( policy( for( all(students,( faculty,( and( staff.– Encompasses( all(forms( of( harassment( and/or(discrimination( on( basis( of( protected( class.

– Uniform( definitions( and( standards( across( entire(institution.

• One( process( for( all(students,( faculty,( and( staff.– Unified( procedures( for( addressing( harassment( and/or(discrimination( on( basis( of( protected( class.

– Rights( of( reporting( parties( no( longer( dependent( upon(identity( of( responding( party.


1P1P Updates: Policy! Enhanced(coordinator( role.! Updated(definitions.– Sexual(harassment.– Quid(pro(quo.– Sexual(exploitation.– Stalking.– Other(civil( rightsabased(offenses((e.g.:( bullying).(

! Updated( force(and(consent(section.! Updated(confidentiality(and(reporting(sections.


New Sexual Harassment Definition

Sexual6harassment6 is:– unwelcome,(– sexual,( sexabased(and/or(genderabased( verbal,(written,( online(and/or(physical(conduct.

! Anyone(experiencing( sexual(harassment( in(any(university(program( is(encouraged( to(report( it(immediately( to(the(Title( IX(coordinator(or(a(deputy.(Remedies,( education,( and/or( training(will(be(provided(in(response.(

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New Sexual Harassment Definition! Sexual( harassment( may(be( disciplined( when( it(takes(form( of(

quid( pro( quo( harassment,( retaliatory( harassment,( and/or(creates( hostile( environment.( (– A(hostile( environment( is(created( when( sexual( harassment(is:• sufficiently( severe,(• persistent( or(pervasive,( and• objectively( offensive( that(it:

– unreasonably( interferes(with,( denies( or( limits( someone’s(ability(to( participate( in(or( benefit( from( university’s(educational( [and/or( employment],( social( and/or(residential( program. Private( institutions( may( prefer( OCR(standard:( sufficiently( severe( or(pervasive.


Updated Definitions! Stalking(is:– Stalking(1:(• A(course(of(conduct(• Directed(at(a(specific(person(• On(the(basis(of(actual(or(perceived(membership(in(a(protected(class(• That(is(unwelcome,(AND(• Would(cause(a(reasonable(person(to(feel(fear(

– [Stalking(2:(• Repetitive(and(menacing(• Pursuit,(following,(harassing(and/or(interfering(with(the(peace(and/or(safety(of(another](


1P1P Updates: Procedures! Three((3)(Versions(–– Investigationaonly:(• Administrative(resolution.• Appeal(is(not(typically(required,(particularly(for(atawill(employees.(

– Investigationaonly(with(an(appeal:• Administrative(resolution.

– Investigation(and(hearing(panel(option(with(appeal:• Uses(“conflict,”( “informal,"(and(“formal”( resolution(processes.

! All(are(grounded(in(civil(rights(investigation(model.((– Robust,(prompt,(thorough,(and(impartial(investigation.


1P1P Updates: Procedures! Updated(– Remedies( section.– Hearing( procedures.– Appeals( section.

! Updated( and( enhanced( Advisors/Advocates( section.! Enhanced( Statement( of( Rights( of( Reporting( and(

Responding( Parties.– Significant( VAWA(Sec.( 304( updates.• E.g.:( “The( right( to(have( an(advisor( of( their( choice( to(accompany( and( assist( in( the(campus( resolution(process.”(

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Implementation Discussion

QUESTIONS?



Contact information

BRETT A. SOKOLOW, JD [email protected]

title ix/section 304 foundations of policy and …...title ix/section 304 foundations of policy and...

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