Today’s StandardToday’s StandardToday’s StandardToday’s Standard

1.3 Use subordination, coordination, 1.3 Use subordination, coordination, apposition, and other devices to indicate apposition, and other devices to indicate clearly the relationship between ideas.clearly the relationship between ideas.

General Definitions:• subordination:

below or less important.Example: In the workplace, if someone is your subordinate they are below you in rank.

• coordination:equal in value; balanced.Example: When you coordinate your shoes, you match them so they are equal.

Subordination in English:• subordination:

showing that one idea has less value by its placement in a sentence

If two simple sentences are closely related but unequal in importance, combine the sentences and turn the less important idea into a subordinate clause to show its subordinate (or inferior) position.

Example: Many women could not cast a vote in a federal election. The Nineteenth Amendment was ratified in 1920.

Combined: Many women could not cast a vote in a federal election until the Nineteenth Amendment was ratified in 1920.

The bold part is an example of subordination.

• Coordination in English

coordination:placing ideas in a sentence so that they have equal value.

coordination is achieved by connecting equal ideas from separate sentences, and joining them with a conjunction.

Example: Kangaroos carry their young in pouches. Koalas carry their young in pouches.

Combined: Kangaroos and koalas carry their young in pouches.

The red part shows coordination.

• apposition:using appositives and appositive phrases correctly.

appositive:A noun or pronoun placed beside another noun

or pronoun to identify or describe it.Example: The cosmonaut, Yuri Gagrin, was the

first person in space.

appositive phrase:An appositive and its modifiers.Example: Officer Webb, one of the security

guards, caught the burglar.

QuizDetermine whether the following show

subordination, coordination, or apposition.

1. Tacos, one of the most popular Mexican dishes, are served here.

2. Crocodiles have strong tails and are excellent swimmers.

3. Miguel has the same class, American history, this afternoon.

4. Today, people around the world enjoy chili, chocolate, and tacos, which are Aztec in origin.

5. The Aztecs surrendered after Cortes launched a fierce counter-attack.

6. Alligators are classified as a threatened species and enjoy the protection of state and federal law.