tongue anatomy
TRANSCRIPT
TongueFUNCTIONAL ANATOMY COURSE BME 7014
DEVELOPED BY AHMED EL-WALI
1Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
Outlines
Motivation.
Functions.
Structure.
Papillae.
Muscles.
Vessels.
Innervations.
Diseases.
Tongue and Sleep Apnea.
Conclusion.
Questions.
References.
2Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
Motivation
Curiosity to know more about tongue structure and functions
How could we enhance our tongue muscles?
Tongue and its role in sleep apnea disease
Figuring some of tongue diseases
3Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
Functions
Participating with the nose in tasting process
Participating in producing speech “Changing the cavity frequency”
Participating in swallowing process
Participating in the chewing process “Eating”
Preventing foreign substances from entering the air way “play as the 3rd line of defense after lips and teeth”
4Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
Tongueis a muscular structure that forms part of the floor of the oral cavity and part of the anterior wall of the oropharynx.
5Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
TongueThe Root of the tongue is attached to the mandible and the hyoid bone.
6Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
TongueSuperior surface “the anterior two-thirds of the tongue” is oriented in the horizontal direction.
Pharyngeal surface “the posterior one-third of the tongue” is oriented more in the verticalplan.
7Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
TongueThe oral and pharyngeal surfaces are separated by a V-shaped “sulcus terminal”
At the Apex of the V-shaped sulcus a small depression (called foramen cecum of the tongue)
8Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
TongueIn some people, the thyroglossal duct connects the foramen cecum with the Thyroid gland in the neck.
The Thyroid gland makes and stores hormones that help regulate the heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and the rate at which food is converted into energy.
9Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
PapillaeThe superior surface of the oral part of the tongue is covered by Hundreds of papillae.
It has the tasting buds.
10Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
Filiform papillaeIs small cone-shaped with one or multi ends.
Act as an abrasive coating, which gives the tongue a cleaningand rasping action.
11Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
Fungiform papillaeRounded shaped and larger than filiform and more concentratedon the tongue margins.
are involved in the sensations of taste and have taste budsembedded in their surfaces. They respond to both sweet and sourtastes.
12Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
Vallate PapillaeThe Largest one, Blunt-ended cylindrical papillae ‘less sharp end’
are involved in the sensations of taste and have taste buds embedded in their surfaces ”more sensitive to bitter tastes”
There is a set of seven to twelve of these papillae.
13Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
Foliate PapillaeLinear folds on the sides of the tongue near the sulcus terminal.
are involved in the sensations of taste and have taste buds embedded in their surfaces.
are clustered into two groups on each side of the tongue.
Note: There are no papillae on the pharyngeal surface.
14Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
Tongue MusclesThe tongue is divided into a left and right half by a median sagittal septum.
All tongue muscles are paired.
It has two types:Intrinsic muscles.
Extrinsic muscles.
15Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
Intrinsic musclesOriginate and insert within the substance of the tongue.
Types:Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse muscles
Vertical muscles
Function: Altering the tongue shape:Lengthening and shortening the tongue.
Curling and uncurling its apex and edges.
Flattening and rounding its surface.
Working in pairs or one side at a time.
16Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
Superior longitudinal
Origin: The back of the tongue and from the median septum.
Insertion:On the margin of the tongue
Function:Shortens tongue, curls apex and sides of tongue.
17Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
Inferior longitudinalOrigin:Root of the tongue ‘some from the hyoid’
Insertion:Apex of the tongue
Function:Shortens tongue, uncurls apex and turns it downward.
18Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
Transverse musclesOrigin:Median septum of the tongue
Insertion:Lateral margins of tongue.
Function:Narrows and elongates tongue.
19Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
Vertical musclesOrigin:Dorsum of tongue
Insertion:Ventral of the tongue
Function:Flattens and widens the tongue
20Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
Extrinsic MusclesOriginate from the structures outside the tongue and insert into the tongue.
Types:Genioglossus.
Hyoglossus.
Styloglossus.
Palatoglossus.
Functions:Protruding the tongue.
Retracting the tongue.
Depressing the tongue.
Elevating the tongue.
21Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
Genioglossus
Origin:Superior mental spines
Insertion:Body of the hyoid
Function:Protrudes the anterior part of the tongue, depresses
center of tongue
22Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
Hyoglossus
Origin:Greater horn of the hyoid bone.
Insertion:Lateral surface of the tongue.
Function:Depresses tongue.
23Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
Styloglossus
Origin:Styloid process
Insertion:Lateral surface of the tongue
Function:Elevates and retracts tongue.
Pulling the back of the tongue superiorly.
24Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
Palatoglossus
Origin:Inferior surface of palatine aponeurosis ‘muscle of the
soft palate’
Insertion:Lateral margin of tongue
Function:Elevates back of tongue and depresses the soft palate.
25Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
VesselsArteries:Lingual artery.Originated from the carotid artery in the neck.
Veins:Deep Lingual veins.
Dorsal Lingual veins.
Drains into the internal lingual vein in the neck.
26Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
InnervationsFor the motors:All the muscles are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve [XII].
Excecpt the palatoglossus muscle which is innervated by the vagus nerve [X].
For the sensors: ”taste and sensation”Mandibular nerve.
Lingual nerve.
Facial nerve.
Glossopharyngeal nerve.
27Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
Tongue Diseases
Oral cancer
28Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
Geographic tongue (benign migratory glossitis)
Median rhomboid glossitis
Ankyloglossia
Tongue and sleep ApneaTongue falls down and blocks the air way causes stopping breathing during sleeping.
You may have to strengthen your tongue muscle by doing some exercises. There is a video on YouTube called “Stop Sleep
Apnea Now!“ by doing some exercises for the tongue muscles.
29Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
Conclusion
Tongue is a very vital organ in your body
Tongue does many important functions
Keep your tongue safe!
30Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014
Referenceshttp://www.healthhype.com/
http://www.thefitindian.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/
http://skullanatomy.info/
http://www.innerbody.com/
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/
http://image.slidesharecdn.com/
http://www.acpmedicine.com/
http://www.macmillan.org.uk/
http://www.cdc.gov/
http://www.bigfootencounters.com/
https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/
http://www.healthhype.com/
http://media.dentalcare.com/
http://intranet.tdmu.edu.ua/
http://www.sleepdisordersguide.com/
32Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014