tourism supply pertemuan 5-6 matakuliah: g1174/tourism management and planning tahun: 2007
TRANSCRIPT
Tourism SupplyPertemuan 5-6
Matakuliah : G1174/Tourism Management and PlanningTahun : 2007
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Topics
• Map of Tourism Industry• Supply chain management: Attraction, Amenities
and Access
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Objectives
1. To explain the supply chain in tourism industry2. To describe the role of tourism supply in the
tourism system
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Tourism Supply
• Tourism is a composite of activities, services and industries that deliver a travel experience.
• The players who provide activities, services and industries are called as Tourism Supply.
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Attraction &
ActivitiesAccess
Amenities
Three A’s of
Tourism Supply
Destination
Source: Goeldner & Ritchie (2003)
The Tourism Phenomenon: Component of Tourism
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A typical supply chainDestinationOrigin area
Consumer
Purchase a
package holiday
Accommodation
Meals & drinks
Related services
Trip to
destinatio
n
Transfer to
accommodati
on
Visitor on holiday at destinatio
n
The package
Transportation
Tourism industry involment
Tour operator Hotel, Restaurant
Airlines, Cruise lines Bus company
National parks, Beach resort, etc.
Source: Page (2007)
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Three A’s Tourism Supply 1. Attraction and Activities, including: Natural resources, Cultural resources,
Man-made resources2. Access, including:
• Infrastructure - all underground and surface construction • Superstructure - facilities constructed primarily to support tourist activities • Technology - it is shaping the nature of both tourism products and travel
experience, • Information - the ability to assemble, interpret and utilise information in
an effective manner, • Governance - the system surrounding tourism ie. legal, regulation, etc.
3. Amenities, including:• Transportation – typify the movement of people in travel• Accommodation – a place to stay• F&B establishment – a place to be fed• Tourism services – linking ‘experience suppliers’ and the tourist, etc.
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Attraction and Activities
• A fundamental element of any tourists’ itinerary and it is the raison d’etre for the visit.
• Consists of:– Natural resource, naturally occuring and used by visitors
as places to consume tourism (eg. Beach, Mountain, etc.)– Cultural attraction, people learn about each other’s way
of life and tought (eg. Tradition, Way of life, etc.)– Man-made resources, emerged as response to the
developng tourism market in a local and ofter build upon the natural attraction (eg. Theme Park, Leisure Centre, etc.)
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Accessibilities• Infrastructure – all
underground and surface construction Basic things that has not been put in place mainly to serve tourism but have been put in place to meet the needs of residents.
• They are: water supply systems, sewage disposal systems, gas lines, electrical lines, drainage systems, roads, communication networks and commercial facilities.
• Superstructure – facilities constructed primarily to support visitation and tourist activities Facilities that have been developed especially to respond to the demand of visitors.
• They are: Airports, railroads, roads, drives, parking lots, parks, marina & doc facilities, bus and train stations, stores, etc.
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Amenities
• The operating sectors of the tourism industry represent what many of the general public perceived as ‘tourism’.
• They are:– Transportation– Accommodation– F&B establisment– Tourism services
Transportation • “The means to reach the destination and also
means of movement at the destination”• Transportation function:
– Movement from point to point– Part of leisure (quality of journey)
• Types of transportation:
• Basic elements of travel transportation The way Carrying unit Terminal The motive power
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The role of transport in tourist travel
Tourist leaves home area
Tourist leaves home area
Departure terminal
Departure terminal
Destination terminal
Destination terminal
HotelHotel
Train journeyTrain
journeyTour by coach
Tour by coach
Car hireCar hire Local cruiseLocal cruise
Cycle hireCycle hire
Airport shuttle/taxi/public transport/private car
Trip to destination
Transfer to hotel
Transport link
Source: Page (2007)
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Accomodation
• Focal point of holiday and often packaged as part of an experience of a place.
• Range of Accomodation – Paying vs. Non-paying– Services vs. Non-serviced– Owned vs. Rented– Primary purposed vs. Secondary occupation– Static vs. Mobile– Short stay vs. Long stay
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Types of AccomdationTypes of Accomdation• Hotel (Hotel (Inn or LodgeInn or Lodge))• Motel (Motel (motor hotelmotor hotel))• Pondok WisataPondok Wisata• Bumi Perkemahan (Bumi Perkemahan (Camping Camping
Ground)Ground)• Persinggahan (Persinggahan (Homestay or Homestay or
DormitoryDormitory))• Karavan (Karavan (CaravanCaravan))• Losmen (Losmen (LodgementLodgement))• Wisma atau Mess (Wisma atau Mess (Guest Guest
HouseHouse))• Pondok Remaja (Pondok Remaja (Youth Youth
HostelHostel))
• Chalet & MansionChalet & Mansion• Villa, Villa, bungalowbungalow dan dan
cottagecottage • Marina atau Marina atau nautelnautel• Kapal Pesiar (Kapal Pesiar (floating floating
hotelhotel or floatel)or floatel)• Hotel Perahu (Hotel Perahu (Boat Hotel Boat Hotel
or Boatel)or Boatel)• Flat Flat (Holiday Flatlet(Holiday Flatlet)),,
Apartemen dan Apartemen dan KondominiumKondominium
• Boutique hotel, design Boutique hotel, design hotel hotel dandan gallery hotel gallery hotel
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Foods and Drinks
1. Restaurant– Formal & casual– Fastfood & Dine-in– Theme: Family, Seafood,
Vegetarian, Ethnic, etc.2. Rumah Makan3. Catering4. Warung5. Bistro6. Pattiserie7. Dinning car = restoration
8. Inns 9. Tavern10.Coffee shop & Tea House11.Bar & Pub12.Club & Discotheque13.Lounge14.Café 15.Brasserie = café +
restaurant
• Food and drink are among its most important impression of a destination.
• The feature of local dishes, ethnic atmosphere is part of the fun.
• There are types of F&B establishment:
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How tour operators link the elements of tourism supply?
SUPPLYTransport companies
Tourist services
Accommodation provider
Packaging of elementsinto a product bya tour operator
INTERMEDIARIES
Corporate direct selling• Internet• Call centre
Virtual agency through
online/teletext
Travel agents
DEMAND Customer
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Function of Tourism Services
1. Travel information2. Travel advisor = travel consultant3. Mediato4. Marketer5. Negosiator6. Risk taker
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Scope of work of Tourism Services• Preparing, selling and conducting tour package• Providing transportation services • Providing tickets reservation of land, sea and
air transportation• Providing hotel voucher, meals, etc. • Providing travel documents • Providing travel guide services • Conducting MICE (with special permit) • Conducting pilgrimage (ONH umroh) (with
special permit)
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Conclusion
• The supply chain comprises the suppliers of all the goods and services that go into the delivery of tourism products to consumers.
• It includes all suppliers of goods and services whether or not they are directly contracted by tour operators or by their agents (including ground handlers) or suppliers (including accommodation providers).
• Tourism supply chains involve many components - not just accommodation, transport and excursions, but also bars and restaurants, handicrafts, food production, waste disposal, and the infrastructure that supports tourism in destinations.