Transcription and Translation

Remember:• DNA

•

• RNA

•

• Protein

Practice:

• What is the complimentary strand of DNA?

• A C G A C T G C C

Remember A with T C with

G

Practice: What is the mRNA strand for this sequence of DNA?

• DNA: A C G C T T A• mRNA:

• The ultimate goal is to create proteins that the body can use!

Transcription: (In the nucleus)• Uses Messenger RNA (mRNA)– RNA is always single stranded!

• mRNA copies one side of DNA

• mRNA carries this “message” to ribosomes where proteins are made

mRNA

• Thymine is replaced with Uracil (U)

• Example:– DNA strand: A T C G G T A T– mRNA strand: U A G C C A U A

DNA RNA

• Deoxyribonucleic Acid

• Double Stranded

• ACG T

• Ribonucleic Acid

• Single Stranded

• ACG U

Translation

• Process where RNA is used to make proteins

• Uses:– mRNA– transfer RNA (tRNA)– ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Transfer RNA

• After the messenger RNA leaves the nucleus, it finds a ribosome

• tRNA will then bring the correct amino acid to the ribosome to create a chain of proteins

• Example:mRNA: A C G U U A

tRNA: U G C A A U

• DNA strand: A T C G G A• mRNA strand: U A G C G U• tRNA strand: A U C G C A

• Amino Acids are the building blocks of proteins

• 3 Nucleotides makes one amino acid

• Using mRNA:

– ACC, UCG, UUU, AUC

• A codon is a specific amino acid

• There are only so many combinations you can make with the four letters (AUCG)

Codons

• The start codon signals for the amino acid “Methionine”– This tells the sequence where to start

• There are three codons that signal an end to a sequence– These do not code for anything, just to stop

• Use the mRNA sequence to figure out the codons!

• Example:– DNA strand: A T G C G A– mRNA strand: U A C G C U– Codons:

Tyrosine Alanine

Practice:

• DNA Strand: A C G A T C T• mRNA strand:• tRNA strand:• Codon:

• Strings of Amino acids make up Proteins!!!!