transition to a low carbon economy: the case of croatia in cultural heritage
DESCRIPTION
Author: Mislav Kirac (UNDP Croatia)TRANSCRIPT
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Transition to a low carbon economy: the case of Croatia in cultural heritage
UNESCO School in South East EuropeSustainable energy governance in
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
Dubrovnik, Croatia 29 September – 4 October 2013
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Low-emission Development Strategy(LEDS)
1. Framework for the Low-emission Development Strategy of Croatia until 2050
2. Low-emission Development Strategy of Croatia
Framework defines:• Goals• Vision• Priorities• Instruments• Strategy development process• Indicators
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Low-emission Development Strategy(LEDS)
Strategy potential:• Investments• Industrial sector growth• New business development• Competitive economy• New jobs
LEDS include:• Kyoto Protocol, EU 20-20-20• Preliminary EU goal for 2030• Framework for Low Carbon Development (2050)
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Low-emission Development Strategy(LEDS)
Uncertanties:• Economic crisis• Global impact of shale gas• Commercialization of CCS technologies• Nuclear energy utilization• Development of new technologies
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Low-emission Development Strategy(LEDS)
RESPONSIBLE INSTITUTIONMinistry of Enviornment and Nature Protection
NATIONAL COMITEE FOR MITIGATION ON CLIMATE
CHANGE
EXTERNAL EXPERTISE
MEDIA AND PUBLIC
EXPERTS, INSTITUTES, FACULTIES, NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS
TECHNICAL AND LOGISTIC SUPPORT
United Nations Development Programme in
Croatia (UNDP)
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CO2 emission by source (Croatia)
Energy
Industry (energy)
Transport
Households services
Agriculture
Industrial process
Other
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Low-emission Development Strategy(LEDS)
Consultations• First workshop• Sectoral workshops• Literature and expert discussions• Second workshop
Analysis• Sector analysis• Scenario projections• Multicriterial analysis• Evaluation of instruments
Framework for the Low-emission Development Strategy
Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection
Action plan for air protection, ozone layer and mitigation of climate change
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Sectoral workshops (LEDS)
•Team work•GHG reduction•SWOT analysis•Measures•Priorities•Financial models
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Sectoral workshops (LEDS)
•Costs•GHG reduction potential•New jobs•Cost-benefit•Impact on health•Impact for rural development
Measure analysis
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Croatia with “Scenario –80%” (2050)
2030 2050
% %
Energy facilities -58 -92
Industry -43 -83
Transport 20 -54
Households and services -37 -88
Agriculture -36 -42
Other -72 -70
Total -38 -76
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Croatia with “Scenario –80%” (2050)
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Instruments
• Legislation• Standards• Emission Trading Scheme• Subsidies• Education and promotion• Free market• Instutuional framework for inter-sectoral sinergy
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Conclusion (LEDS)
• Goals can be met by using existing and predictable new technologies
• Significant changes in all sectors are needed• Instruments have to be numerous• Political will is essential• Behavior change is foundation for success
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Heritage buildings in CroatiaNational Energy Efficiency Programme• 10,000 facilities in registry• Energy Management Information System• 14,000 public servants educated
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Heritage buildings in Croatia• 15% of all public buildings is protected heritage building• 23% is located in protected area• Energy consumption: 229 mil. kWh/year• GHG emission: 67,500 tCO2/year • Energy costs: 14 mil EUR/year
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Heritage buildings in CroatiaRealized measures (House in Order):• Energy audits for 28 protected heritage buildings
(potential savings 200,000 EUR/year)• Education for more than 14,000 public servants• Free EE measures in 14 heritage buildings –savings
80,000 EUR/year • EE measures in 17 heritage buildings – savings 50,000
EUR/year + further potential of 20,000 EUR/year• Smart metering in 20 heritage buildings for live tracking
of energy consumption
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Heritage buildings in Croatia
Potential measures (House in Order):
• Switch to natural gas or RES (55% of heritage buildings have >15 year old boiler)
• Water saving equipment – only 11% of heritage buildings have some water saving equipment
• Lighting – 23% of heritage buildings have incandescent bulbs in majority
• Thermal isolation on roof – 82% of heritage buildings don’t have thermal isolation on roof
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Heritage buildings in Croatia
Mary’s palace Lužnica
• Geothermal energy (heat pumps)• Energy savings 259,776 kWh/year• Cost 200,000 EUR
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Heritage buildings in CroatiaInitiative “Croatian castles”
Castles of North-western Croatia (300)• 12% in excelent condition• 43% in good condition• 45% in poor condition
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Heritage buildings in CroatiaInitiative “Croatian castles”
• Enhance cooperation between stakeholders (NGOs, government, owners, investors...)
• Finding models for revitalization of castles (EU funds)
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Heritage buildings in Croatia
French pavilion, Zagreb
After reconstruction: - savings 327,000 kWh/year
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Heritage buildings in Croatia
City walls lighting, Dubrovnik
• After reconstruction: savings 397,320 kWh/year and 47,400 EUR/year (80% reduction)
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Heritage buildings in Croatia
Vitić’s skyscraper, Zagreb
• Poor condition, lack of maintenance• Current state: 182 kWh/m2 (E)• Optimal reconstruction: 74 kWh/m2 (C) = 60% reduction• Full-scale reconstruction: 47 kWh/m2 (B) = 75% reduction
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Heritage buildings in Croatia
Elementary school Marin Getaldić, Dubrovnik
• Electricity used for heating (120,000 kWh/year)• Suggested: heat pump heating• Result: 4 times less electricity consumption, investment costs
17,000 EUR, return on investment in less than 3 years
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The best way to predict future is to create it
Peter F. Druckerfounder of modern management
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Marino Grozdek, Leon Lepoša, Izvještaj o provedenom energetskom pregledu objekta: OSNOVNA ŠKOLA MARINA GETALDIĆA, Dubrovnik
References
Energy audits and energy certification of residential building Laginjina 9, Zagreb (Vitić skyscraper), Planetaris Ltd 2013
Provedba mjera energetske učinkovitosti u Zagrebačkoj županiji, www.zagrebacka-zupanija.hr
Marko Križanec, Marko Bačić, “Lighting of protected historical city centres”
Movie:http://dotsub.com/view/cfccb28e-00ae-4e0f-8c46-e040bc737c08