transitioning mature satellite products into cdrs and cirs: noaa’s cdr project jeffrey l....

Transitioning Mature Satellite Products into CDRs and CIRs:

NOAA’s CDR Project

Jeffrey L. Privette, NOAA

Acknowledgments:John Bates, Tom Karl, Ed Kearns and The Joint Agency Study Team on the Climate Impacts of the Nunn-McCurdy NPOESS

Certification (incl. NASA, USGS)

22NOAA’s SDS Project

NPOESS Science Advisory Team Meeting, Asheville, NC

Outline

Motivation for Climate Data Records (CDRs) NOAA’s New Start Stakeholder-driven Development & Production

Long Term Records are Needed to

Determine True IPCC Projection

IPCC model projections for temperature, precipitation, and sea ice vary greatly

Mitigation and adaptation strategies depend critically on identifying which models are best

Only high quality, sustained CDRs can validate climate model projections into the decades ahead

*Resolution scale in Panel 1 is notional only.

*



1181 82 83 84 85 87 88 89 90 9186 92 93 94 95 96 98 99 00 01 0297 04 0503 07 09 100806

Aqua

AVHRR

MODIS

VIIRS

N07 N09 N11 N14 N16 N17N09

Polar-orbiting Satellite Record Can Reveal Climate Change Information

12 13 14 15

NPP

NPOESS

20th Century 21st Century

~2026

45-year Record From 2-3 Sensor Types

1:30 PM orbit



Upper Tropospheric Water Vapor EDRs from NOAA Operational Satellites

Due to the independence of individual HIRS instrument’s calibration, biases exist from satellite to satellite.

These intersatellite biases have become a common source of uncertainty faced by long-term studies.

Start of HIRS/3

HIRS/2

238

240

242

244

246

248

1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004

30S - 30N

N06N07N08N09N10N11N12N14N15N16N17

Year



Intersatellite Calibration and Correction Provides FCDR

Biases minimized.

Temperature dependent biases accounted for.

Similar overall variances between HIRS/2 and HIRS/3.

Time series can be extended as variance preserved.

246

246.5

247

247.5

248

248.5

249

1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004

30S - 30N

N06N07

N08N09

N10N11

N12N14

N15N16

N17

Year

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004Year

Pairs N06-N07 N07-N08 N09-N10 N10-N11 N11-N12 N12-N14 N14-N15 N15-N16 N16-N17

Ave Diff -0.065 0.073 0.008 0.059 0.006 0.048 -0.042 -0.035 0.048



Solar Insolation From Research Satellites

Original data (EDRs) cover several decades

Multiple data sources Work Needed for CDR:

– Sensor models to explain differences

– Development of homogeneous data set versions

– Estimation of detectable variability and trends



Climate Data Records (CDRs) ProvideLong-term, Defensible Climate Benchmarks

Climate signatures tend to be small, but persistent, relative to normal environmental variability. Detection/analysis often requires long-term analysis

CDR is “… a time series of measurements of sufficient length, consistency, and continuity to determine climate variability and change” (NRC, 2004)

NAS, 2004

• Characteristics:o Long-term (multi-decadal)o Multi-satellite/multi-sensor (possibly ‘fused’ data sources)o Seamless, unified and coherent

Normalized (minimal observatory and sampling artifacts)o Peer-reviewed, “best practice” or “community” algorithmso Validated (uncertainty well-characterized)o Well documented (incl. peer-reviewed literature)o Comprehensive metadata and QA informationo Active data stewardship (reprocessings, refreshed storage media)



National ClimaticData Center (NCDC)Asheville, North Carolina NCDC is the steward of the Nation’s in-situ

and satellite data and information.

Mission

To provide access and

stewardship to the Nation’s

resource of global climate

and weather related data and

information, and assess

and monitor climate

variation and change.



A Mandated Responsibility

Monitor and Describe the Climate

2007 Anomalies over Land and Sea NOAA/NCDC

7



Example CDR Prioritization(Sort By IPCC, Algorithm Investment,

Launch)

CDR Bundle Candidate Climate Data RecordsTEMPERTURE

PROFILESLower Stratospheric Temperature Profile, Lower Tropospheric Temperature Profile, Upper

Tropospheric Temperature Profile, Surface Air TemperatureREFLECTANCE

PRODUCTSSurface Reflectance (BRF; NBAR), Blue Sky Albedo (instantaneous), Black/White Sky

Albedo,Vegetation IndexWATER VAPOR

PROFILESLower Stratospheric Water Vapor Profile, Lower Tropospheric Water Vapor Profile, Upper

Tropospheric Water Vapor Profile, Total Column Water Vapor, Surface Water VaporLAND/LAKE SURFACE

TEMPERATURE Land Surface Temperature, Land Surface Emissivity (TIR), Lake Surface Temperature

RADIATION BUDGETTop-of-Atmosphere Outgoing Long Wave & Short Wave Radiation, Surface Up/Down Long

Wave & Short Wave RadiationGLACIERS/ICE CAPS Glacier Extent, Ice Sheet Extent

OZONEOzone Stratospheric Profile , Tropospheric Ozone , Total Column Ozone , Coarse Ozone

Profile SEA PROPERTIES Sea Surface Temperature

CLOUD PROPERTIESCloud Column Water, Cloud Optical Thickness,Particle Phase, Particle Size, Cloud Top

Pressure, Cloud Top Temperature, Cloud Top Emissivity, Cloud Column Water VaporSNOW Snow Areal Extent

AEROSOLS Aerosol Particle Size, Aerosol Optical Thickness , Aerosol Refractive IndexSEA ICE

(TEMPERATURE) Ice Surface TemperatureCLOUD PROPERTIES Cloud Cover, Cloud Type

FIRES (ENERGY)Active Fire Area, Active Fire Occurrence, Active Fire Temperature, Fire Radiative Power

(FRP)

TRACE GASESTropospheric Column of CO, Tropospheric Column of CH4, Stratospheric CH4, Stratospheric

CO2, Tropospheric Column of CO2, Lower Tropospheric CO2, Tropospheric N2OLAND COVER

(THEMATIC) Land Cover Map (Thematic)

IRRADIANCEDownwelling Total Solar Radiation at Top-of-Atmosphere, Downwelling Spectral Solar

Radiation at Top-of-AtmosphereFIRES (BURNED AREA) Burned Area

PRECIPITATION Rain RateBIOPHYSICAL

PRODUCTS Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fAPAR), Leaf Area IndexOCEAN WINDS Global Ocean Surface Vector Winds (OSVW), Coastal Ocean Surface Vector Winds (OSVW)OCEAN COLOR

PRODUCTS Calcite Concentration, Fluorescence, Chlorophyll A Concentration, Total Suspended MatterLAKES Lake Area Extent

LAND COVER (Cont. Fields) Fractional Tree/Grass Cover

SEA LEVEL Basic Sea Level Geophysical Data Record (GDR), Significant Wave HeightSNOW DEPTH Snow Water Equivalent, Snow Depth



Much Work Remains

1212



Atmosphere TEMPERTURE PROFILES CrIMMS H X F 2009 1

Terrestrial REFLECTANCE PRODUCTS VIIRS H X S 2009 1

Atmosphere WATER VAPOR PROFILES CrIMMS H X F 2009 2

Terrestrial LAND/LAKE SURFACE TEMPERATURE VIIRS H X S 2009 2

Atmosphere RADIATION BUDGET ERBS H X F 2009 3

Terrestrial GLACIERS/ICE CAPS VIIRS H S 2009 3

Atmosphere OZONE OMPS H X F 2009 4

Ocean SEA PROPERTIES VIIRS M X S 2009 4

Significance: Global Change

In Develop-

ment

Rank (S)tate or (F)orcing

First Launch

Primary SensorDiscipline Area CDR Bundle

CDR Prioritization Example

etc. (28 CDR bundles in total)

CDR bundle is costing convenience to group CDRs typically produced from the same or similar algorithm(s).

Primary sensor is a costing convenience to associate each CDR with one and only one NPOESS era sensor. It is recognized that data from multiple satellite sensors, and in situ data, are often used to determine a CDR.

Significance to Global Change follows from a review of IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (2007).

In development: Based on NASA ROSES ’06 A.15 and NOAA SDS 2007 selections.

First launch considers only NPP/NPOESS era launches per the mandate of the NPOESS Climate Recovery activity.

State and Forcing variable bundles, as defined by CCSP Strategic Plan Chapter 12, are prioritized at a 1:1 ratio.



CDR Production Occurs Within An End-to-End Program



CDRs provide high quality, consistent long term satellite records appropriate for climate change detection and characterization

climate modeling environments, assimilation, model validation

Currently any satellite-derived CDRs are ad hoc research efforts

NOAA-NASA developed blueprint for migration of successful research satellite products into operational CDRs

President’s FY09 budget includes new NOAA funding for CDR program

AO for grant proposals on streets

NOAA Project will require understanding stakeholder priorities and extensive stakeholder shake-out/feedback on CDRs

Summary

transitioning mature satellite products into cdrs and cirs: noaa’s cdr project jeffrey l....

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