transparency international bangladesh (tib) - … paper_effective...1 kvh©k i dc‡rjv cwil`:...
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KKvvhh©©KKii DDcc‡‡RRjjvv ccwwiill`:: PP¨vv‡‡jjÄÄ II KKiiYYxxqq
M‡elYv Dc‡`óv A¨vW‡fv‡KU myjZvbv Kvgvj †Pqvicvimb, Uªvw÷ †evW©, UªvÝcv‡iwÝ B›Uvib¨vkbvj evsjv‡`k Bd‡ZLviæ¾vgvb wbe©vnx cwiPvjK, UªvÝcv‡iwÝ B›Uvib¨vkbvj evsjv‡`k M‡elYv cwiKíbv I cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb †gv. nvweeyi ingvb, †d‡jv bvwn` kvigxb, A¨vwm÷¨v›U †d‡jv mvwe©K ZË¡veavb I m¤úv`bv kvnRv`v Gg AvKivg, wmwbqi †d‡jv
K…ZÁZv Ávcb Kvh©cÎwU cÖYq‡bi wewfbœ ch©v‡q ch©v‡jvPbvi Rb¨ wUAvBweÕi wimvP© A¨vÛ cwjwm wefv‡Mi Bd‡ZLvi Avn‡g` †PŠayix (cÖv³b), †gv. Iqvwn` Avjg, mvab Kzgvi `vm, w`cy ivq, gy. RvwKi †nv‡mb Lvb Ges Ab¨vb¨ mnKg©xi cÖwZ K…ZÁZv Ávcb KiwQ| †hvMv‡hvM UªvÝcv‡iwÝ B›Uvib¨vkbvj evsjv‡`k evwo # 141, moK # 12, eøK # B ebvbx, XvKv 1213 †dvb: 880-2-8826036 d¨v·: 880-2-9884811 I‡qemvBU: www.ti-bangladesh.org
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Kvh©Ki Dc‡Rjv cwil`: P¨v‡jÄ I KiYxq∗ 1. †cÖÿvcU ’vbxq mgm¨v ’vbxqfv‡e mgvavb I ’vbxq m¤ú‡`i myôz e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g ¯’vbxq Dbœq‡bi j¶¨ wb‡q ¯’vbxq miKvi
cÖwZôv‡bi m„wó| †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii c‡¶ wekvj Rb‡Mvôxi mKj Pvwn`v †gUv‡bv Ges mKj Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb K‡i †UKmB Dbœqb Kiv ev¯Í‡e m¤¢e bq| ZvB miKv‡ii wewfbœ Dbœqb I †mev Kvh©µg‡K e¨q-mvkªqx, `¶, ^”Q I Revew`wng~jK Kivi GKwU cixw¶Z Dcvq n‡”Q miKv‡ii †mev`vb I Dbœqb Kg© cwiPvjbvq wb‡qvwRZ cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi we‡Kw›`ªKiY Kiv| `w¶Y Gwkqvi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`kB cÖ_g GKwU mvsweavwbKfv‡e mgwš^Z ¯’vbxq miKvi e¨e¯’vi iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb K‡i|1 evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb Abyhvqx cÖRvZ‡š¿i cÖ‡Z¨K cÖkvmwbK GKvs‡ki (Administrative Unit) ¯’vbxq kvm‡bi `vwqZ¡ AvBb Abyhvqx wbe©vwPZ e¨w³‡`i mgš^‡q MwVZ cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni Ici cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|2 msweav‡b AviI ejv n‡q‡Q †h, G msweavb I Ab¨ †Kv‡bv AvBb-mv‡c‡¶ msm` AvB‡bi gva¨‡g cÖwZwU wbe©vwPZ cÖwZôv‡bi `vwqZ¡ wba©viY Ki‡e, Ges cÖkvmb I miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡`i Kvh©, Rbk„•Ljv i¶v, RbmvaviY msµvšÍ †mev I `vwqZ¡vejx Ges A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb m¤úwK©Z cwiKíbv cÖYqb I ev¯Íevq‡bi welq¸‡jv mswkøó AvB‡b AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡e|3 DcwiD³ wZbwU g~j `vwqZ¡ QvovI AvB‡bi Øviv wba©vwiZ Ab¨vb¨ `vwqZ¡ Kvh©Ki Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ msm` mswkøó AvB‡bi gva¨‡g ’vbxq kvmb msµvšÍ cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K ’vbxq cÖ‡qvR‡b Ki Av‡ivc Kivi ¶gZvmn ev‡RU cÖ ‘Z I wbR¯^ Znwej i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi ¶gZv cÖ`vb Ki‡e e‡jI
msweav‡b D‡jøL Kiv nq|4 evsjv‡`‡ki ’vbxq miKvi e¨e ’v wZb fv‡M wef³ - MÖvgxY ’vbxq miKvi, bMi‡Kw›`ªK ¯’vbxq miKvi I we‡kl GjvKvi Rb¨ ’vbxq miKvi|5 MÖvgxY ’vbxq miKvi wZb ¯Íiwewkó hvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q BDwbqb cwil` (4501wU), Dc‡Rjv cwil` (484wU)
I †Rjv cwil` (64wU)| bMi‡Kw›`ªK ¯’vbxq miKvi e¨e¯’v `yB ai‡bi hvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †cŠimfv (310wU) I wmwU K‡c©v‡ikb (8wU)| ev›`ievb, iv½vgvwU I LvMovQwoi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q we‡kl ai‡bi GKwU cve©Z¨ AvÂwjK cwil`|
QK 1: evsjv‡`‡ki ¯’vbxq miKvi e¨e¯’vi KvVv‡gv
Dc‡Rjv cwil` evsjv‡`‡ki ’vbxq miKvi e¨e ’vi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯Íi| Dc‡Rjv e¨e¯’v cÖeZ©b nIqvi ci †_‡K G ch©šÍ wZbwU Dc‡Rjv cwil` wbe©vPb AbywôZ n‡q‡Q| me©‡kl Dc‡Rjv cwil` wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq 2009 mv‡j †hLv‡b 481wU
∗ Kvh©cÎwU 2011 mv‡ji 28 b‡f¤^i XvKvi wmiWvc wgjbvqZ‡b ÔKvh©Ki Dc‡Rjv cwil`: P¨v‡jÄ I KiYxqÕ kxl©K †Mvj‡Uwej ˆeV‡K Dc ’vwcZ| 1 Kz`iZ-B Gjvnx cwbi ebvg evsjv‡`k gvgjvi (Kudrat-E-Elahi Panir Vs. Bangladesh, 44DLR(AD)(1992)) iv‡q evsjv‡`k mywcÖg †Kv‡U©i Avwcj wefv‡Mi weÁ wePviK| 2 MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb, Aby‡”Q` 59(1)| 3 MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb, Aby‡”Q` 59(2)|
4 MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb, Aby‡”Q` 60|
5 †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g`, GKzk kZ‡Ki ’vbxq miKvi Ges gvV cÖkvmb-KwZcq ms¯‹vi cÖ Íve, XvKv, 2002|
’vbxq miKvi e¨e ’v
MÖvgxY ’vbxq miKvi bMi‡Kw›`ªK ’vbxq miKvi we‡kl GjvKvi ’vbxq miKvi
†Rjv, Dc‡Rjv I BDwbqb cwil` wmwU K‡c©v‡ikb I †cŠimfv cve©Z¨ †Rjv AvÂwjK cwil`
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Dc‡Rjv cwil‡` †Pqvig¨vb I fvBm-†Pq¨vigvb c‡` wbe©vwPZ nb 1,443 Rb|6 wKš‘ wbe©vP‡bi ci cÖvq wZb eQi AwZµvšÍ n‡jI wewfbœ mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡Y Dc‡Rjv cwil` GLb ch©šÍ m¤ú~Y© Kvh©Ki nqwb| d‡j we‡Kw› ªKi‡Yi †h D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q Dc‡Rjv cwil` m„wó Kiv n‡qwQj Zv c~iY n‡”Q bv| GgbwK ¯’vbxq miKvi‡K kw³kvjx Kivi †ÿ‡Î eZ©gvb miKv‡ii GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wbe©vPbx cÖwZkÖæwZ7 _vK‡jI G wel‡q Avkvbyiƒc AMÖMwZ nqwb e‡j †`Lv hvq|8 GB Kvh©c‡Îi D‡Ïk¨ Dc‡Rjv cwil` cÖZ¨vwkZfv‡e Kvh©Ki bv nIqvi †cQ‡bi cÖwZeÜKZv wPwýZ Kiv Ges G‡K Kvh©Ki Kivi Rb¨ KiYxq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv| Kvh©cÎwU cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶ Drm †_‡K cÖvß Z‡_¨i Ici wfwË K‡i| Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i †Pqvig¨vb I fvBm †Pqvig¨vb, BDwbqb cwil‡`i †Pqvig¨vb, m`m¨ I mwPe, miKvwi Kg©KZ©v, msm` m`m¨ I ¯’vbxq miKvi we‡klÁ‡`i mv¶vrKvi †bIqv nq| GQvov ’vbxq miKvi welqK we`¨gvb AvBb, wewagvjv, cÖÁvcb, cwicÎ, wb‡`©kbv, wewfbœ M‡elK I we‡klÁ‡`i eB, cÖwZ‡e`b, cÖeÜ I I‡qemvBU ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Kvh©c‡Îi ïiæ‡Z Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i avivevwnK weeZ©b Av‡jvPbv Kivi ci Gi MVb, Kvh©vejx I cÖkvm‡bi mv‡_ Gi mgš^q e¨e¯’v Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gici Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i eZ©gvb mgm¨v I Zvi KviY wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| me‡k‡l Gme mgm¨v KvwU‡q IVvi Rb¨ wKQz mycvwik cÖ Íve Kiv n‡q‡Q| 2. Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i weeZ©b ^vaxbZv cieZ©x miKvi¸‡jv ’vbxq miKvi e¨e ’vq †ekwKQz cwieZ©b K‡i| 1972 mv‡j ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvb wel‡q
miKv‡ii cÖ_g c`‡ÿc wQj ÔBDwbqb KvDwÝjÕ‡K cwieZ©b K‡i ÔBDwbqb cÂv‡qZÕ, Ô_vbv KvDwÝjÕ‡K cwieZ©b K‡i Ô_vbv Dbœqb KwgwUÕ Ges ÔwWmwUª± KvDwÝjÕ‡K cwieZ©b K‡i Ô†Rjv cwil`Õ Kiv|9 cvkvcvwk Gme cÖwZôv‡b miKvwi cÖkvmK wb‡qvM Kiv nq| Z‡e Gici Ô¯’vbxq miKvi Aa¨v‡`k, 1976Õ Gi gva¨‡g _vbv Dbœqb KwgwUi bvg cwieZ©b K‡i Ô_vbv cwil`Õ ivLv nq hvi †Pqvig¨vb I fvBm †Pqvig¨vb wQ‡jb h_vµ‡g gnvKzgv cÖkvmK Ges mv‡K©j Awdmvi (Dbœqb)| Avevi 1978 mv‡ji †g gv‡m GK miKvwi weÁwßi gva¨‡g _vbv cwil`‡K Ô_vbv Dbœqb KwgwUÕ‡Z iƒcvšÍi Kiv nq hv Kvh©Ki wQj 1982 mv‡ji A‡±vei ch©šÍ|10 1982 mv‡j cÖkvmwbK cybwe©b¨vm Ki‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ GKwU ÔcÖkvmwbK cybwe©b¨vm KwgwUÕ (Committee on Administrative Reorganization/Reform - CARR) MwVZ nq| G KwgwU cÖkvm‡bi Ici we‡Kw›`ªKi‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb, gnKzgv ¯Íi evwZj K‡i †Rjvq iƒcvšÍi Kiv, Ges ’vbxq RbM‡Yi AskMÖn‡Yi wbðqZv weav‡bi Rb¨ Dc‡Rjv cwil` MV‡bi mycvwik K‡i|11 Gme mycvwi‡ki wfwˇZ ZrKvjxb miKvi AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q Dc‡Rjv cwil` MV‡bi D‡`¨vM †bq| 1982 mv‡ji 23 wW‡m¤^i ÔDc‡Rjv cwil` Aa¨v‡`kÕ Rvwii gva¨‡g Dc‡Rjv cwil` e¨e¯’vi cÖeZ©b Kiv nq hv H eQ‡ii 7 b‡f¤^i †_‡K Kvh©Ki †NvwlZ nq|12 _vbv I Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i g‡a¨ †gŠwjK cv_©K¨ n‡”Q †h, _vbv cwil` cwiPvjbv K‡i miKvwi Kg©KZ©v Ges Dc‡Rjv cwil` cwiPvjbv K‡i wbe©vwPZ RbcÖwZwbwa| GQvov miKvwi Kg©KZ©viv _vbv cwil‡`i Kv‡Q Revew`wn Ki‡Z eva¨ bv n‡jI Dc‡Rjvi †ÿ‡Î RbcÖwZwbwamn miKvwi Kg©KZ©viv cwil‡` Revew`wn Ki‡Z eva¨| Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i †ÿ‡Î ÿgZv I Kv‡Ri
6 Dc‡Rjv cwil` wbe©vP‡bi (2009) mgq 481wU Dc‡Rjv cwil` _vK‡jI eZ©gv‡b (†m‡Þ¤^i, 2011) i‡q‡Q 484wU| 7 miKvi MVbKvix cÖavb `j AvIqvgx jxM wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znv‡i ¶gZvi we‡Kw› ªKiY K‡i ’vbxq miKvi e¨e¯’v A_©vr BDwbqb, Dc‡Rjv I †Rjv cwil`‡K kw³kvjx Kivi K_v D‡jøL K‡i| we¯ÍvwiZ Z‡_¨i Rb¨ †`Lyb evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM, wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi 2008: w`be`‡ji mb` (c¨viv 6)| 8 kvnRv`v AvKivg, mvab `vm, dv‡Zgv Avd‡ivR I iægvbv kviwgb, Ôwbe©vPbx cÖwZkÖæwZi AMÖMwZ ch©‡eÿYÕ, wUAvBwe, XvKv, 2011| 9 ivóªcwZi Av‡`k bs 7 Øviv| 10 Kamal Siddiqui, Local Government in South Asia- A Comparative Study, University Press Limited, Dhaka, 1995, p. 150| 11 W. †gv. gKmy`yi ingvb, evsjv‡`‡ki ’vbxq ^vqËkvmb, †cÖm cÖKvkbv I Rbms‡hvM `ßi, ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq, 1988; c„. 241| g~j Z_¨m~Î: The Report of the Committee for Administrative Reorganization/ Reform, June 1982, pp.147-169| 12 Local Government (Thana Parishad and Thana Administration Reorganization) Ordinance 1982 (Ordinance No. LIX of 1982)|
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†ÿÎ A‡bK we¯Í…Z _v‡K| wbqš¿‡Yi w`K †_‡K _vbv cwil` †Rjv cÖkvm‡bi m¤ú~Y© wbqš¿‡Y _v‡K, †hLv‡b Dc‡Rjvi †ÿ‡Î mgš^q‡Ki f~wgKvq _v‡K †Rjv cÖkvmb (mviwY 1 `ªóe¨)|13
mviwY 1: _vbv cwil` I Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i g‡a¨ Zzjbv
welq _vbv cwil` Dc‡Rjv cwil` cwil‡`i †Pqvig¨vb miKvwi Kg©KZ©v RbcÖwZwbwa cwil‡`i mfvq †fv‡Ui AwaKvi RbcÖwZwbwa I miKvwi Kg©KZ©v RbcÖwZwbwa cwil‡`i †Pqvig¨v‡bi Revew`wnZv cwil‡` eva¨ bq cwil‡` Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvix‡`i Revew`wnZv cwil‡` eva¨ bq cwil‡` ÿgZv I Kv‡Ri my‡hvM mxwgZ we¯Í…Z †Rjv cÖkvm‡bi f~wgKv wbqš¿Y mgšq mvab
Dc‡Rjv e¨e ’v cÖeZ©‡bi gva¨‡g †K› ªxq miKv‡ii cÖkvmwbK I Dbœqb msµvšÍ ¶gZvi we‡Kw›`ªKiY mvwaZ nq| D`vniY¯^iƒc, Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q mKj miKvwi Kg©KZ©vi wbqš¿Y ¶gZv cwil` Z_v †Pqvig¨v‡bi Ici b¨¯Í Kiv nq| GKBmv‡_ †K›`ªxq miKvi I Dc‡Rjvi g‡a¨ Kvh©cwiwai GKwU ZvwjKv cÖKvk Kiv nq| mswkøó AvBb, miKvwifv‡e M„nxZ cÖ Íve (Resolution) Ges wewfbœ wewa-weavb I cÖÁvcb Øviv †K› ªxq miKvi I Dc‡Rjvi g‡a¨ ¶gZvi n¯ÍvšÍi wbwðZ Kiv nq| ’vbxq ch©v‡q Dbœqbg~jK cÖKí cwiKíbv I ev¯Íevq‡bi ¶gZv Dc‡Rjv cwil`‡K †`Iqv nq| evwl©K Dc‡Rjv Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi (Annual Upazila Development Programme - AUDP) gva¨‡g †K›`ªxq Avw_©K mnvqZv †`Iqv nq| mvwe©Kfv‡e ejv hvq, Gme c`‡¶c Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡qi ’vbxq miKvi e¨e ’v kw³kvjx Kivi †ÿ‡Î h‡_ó mnvqK wQj| H mgq mnKvix wePviK‡`i Av`vjZI Dc‡Rjvq ¯’vwcZ nq| †dŠR`vwi Av`vj‡Zi cÖ‡qvRbxq AeKvVv‡gv wn‡m‡e wKQy wKQy Dc‡Rjvq Dc-KvivMvi wbg©vY Kiv nq| †K› ªxq cÖkvmb I Dc‡Rjvi g‡a¨ ¶gZvi wefvRb Abyhvqx wePvi wefvMxq I cywj‡ki Kvh©µg †K› ªxqfv‡eB wbqwš¿Z nZ|14 cÖ_g †gqv‡` Dc‡Rjv wbe©vPb 1985 mv‡ji 16 I 20 †g, Ges wØZxq †gqv‡` 1990 mv‡ji 14 gvP© †_‡K 25 gv‡P©i g‡a¨ AbywôZ nq| 1991 mv‡ji b‡f¤^i gv‡m ZrKvjxb miKvi Dc‡Rjv cwil` c×wZ evwZj K‡i15 Ges e¨vwi÷vi bvRgyj û`vi †bZ…‡Z¡ 14 m`m¨wewkó GKwU D”P ¶gZvm¤úbœ Ô¯’vbxq miKvi KvVv‡gv ch©v‡jvPbv Kwgkb 1991Õ MVb K‡i| GB ch©v‡jvPbv Kwgkb evsjv‡`‡k †Rjv cwil` I BDwbqb cwil` wb‡q `yB ¯Íiwewkó MÖvgxY ’vbxq miKvi KvVv‡gvi mycvwik K‡i|16 cieZ©x‡Z 1996 mv‡j beMwVZ miKvi Dc‡Rjv e¨e ’v cybM©V‡bi Rb¨ AvU m`m¨wewkó Av‡iKwU D”P ¶gZvm¤úbœ Ô¯’vbxq miKvi KwgkbÕ MVb K‡i Ges ÔDc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb 1998Õ cÖYqb K‡i| Dc‡Rjv wbe©vP‡bi Zdwmj †NvlYvi `vwqZ¡ wbe©vPb Kwgk‡bi cwie‡Z© miKv‡ii nv‡Z b¨¯Í Kiv nq|17 2008 mv‡j me©‡kl ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii mgq Avevi ÔDc‡Rjv cwil` Aa¨v‡`k 2008Õ Rvwi18 Kiv nq, †hLv‡b Dc‡Rjv cwil` wbe©vPb Abyôv‡bi ¶gZv cybivq wbe©vPb Kwgk‡bi nv‡Z b¨¯Í Kiv nq, Ges †Pqvig¨v‡bi cvkvcvwk yBwU fvBm †Pqvig¨v‡bi c` m„wó Kiv nq| Gi avivevwnKZvq Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i wbe©vP‡bi ZvwiL 2009 Gi 22 Rvbyqvwi wbw`©ó K‡i Zdwmj †NvlYv Kiv nq Ges †m Abyhvqx `xN© cÖvq 18 eQi ci Dc‡Rjv cwil` wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| D‡jøL¨, me©‡kl ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii mg‡q ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvb‡K MwZkxj, `vqe× I kw³kvjx Kivi Rb¨ GKwU ^vaxb ’vbxq miKvi Kwgkb MVb19 Kiv nq| Z‡e GB Kwgkb gvÎ Pvi gvm KvR Kivi ci bZzb wbe©vwPZ miKv‡ii cÖ_g msm`xq Awa‡ek‡b G
13 we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbvi Rb¨ †`Lyb W. †gv. gKmy`yi ingvb, evsjv‡`‡ki ¯’vbxq ¯^vqËkvmb, ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq cvV¨cy¯ÍK Abyev` I cÖKvkbv †evW©, 1988; Gm Gb Avm-mv‡ei I Gg Gd ivweŸ, ÔDemocratisation of the Upazila Parishad and its impact of responsiveness and accountability: Myths versus Realities', Journal of Administration & Governance (JOAAG), Vol.4. No.2, 2009| 14 ’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvb MwZkxj I kw³kvjxKiY KwgwUi cÖwZ‡e`b, 2007| 15 ¯’vbxq miKvi (Dc‡Rjv cwil` I Dc‡Rjv cÖkvmb cybM©Vb evwZj) Aa¨v‡`k 1991| 16 W. †gv. gKmy`yi ingvb, evsjv‡`‡ki ’vbxq ^vqËkvmb, †cÖm cÖKvkbv I Rbms‡hvM `ßi, ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq, 1988, c„. 333| 17 Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb 1998 (2009 m‡bi 30 Ryb ch©šÍ ms‡kvwaZ),aviv 4, 5(2)| 18 30 Ryb 2008| 19 ¯’vbxq miKvi Kwgkb Aa¨v‡`k 2008 Gi wfwˇZ|
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msµvšÍ Aa¨v‡`k AvB‡b cwiYZ bv nIqvi d‡j wejyß n‡q hvq| GLv‡b AviI D‡jøL¨ †h, 2009 G bZzb miKvi ÿgZv MÖn‡Yi c‡i ÔDc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb, 1998Õ ms‡kvab K‡i cybtcÖPjb K‡i hv eZ©gv‡b Kvh©Ki i‡q‡Q, Ges ÔDc‡Rjv cwil` Aa¨v‡`k 2008Õ RvZxq msm‡` AvB‡b cwiYZ bv Kivi d‡j evwZj n‡q hvq| 2.1 Dc‡Rjv m¤úwK©Z G ch©šÍ cÖYxZ wewfbœ AvB‡bi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ w`K G ch©šÍ Dc‡Rjv cwil` wb‡q `yBwU Aa¨v‡`k I `yBwU AvBb cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q| 1982 †_‡K 1991 ch©šÍ Dc‡Rjv cwil‡` AvBbMZfv‡e msm` m`‡m¨i mivmwi †Kv‡bv cÖfve wQj bv| cieZ©x‡Z 1998 G Dc‡Rjv cwil‡` msm` m`m¨‡`i Dc‡`óv Kiv n‡jI cwil` Zv‡`i gZvgZ MÖn‡Y eva¨ wQj bv| 2008 Gi Dc‡Rjv cwil` Aa¨v‡`‡k msm` m`m¨‡`i‡K cwil‡`i Dc‡`óv †_‡K ev` †`Iqv n‡jI 2009 mv‡j Avevi AšÍf©y³ Kiv nq Ges Zv‡`i civgk© ïb‡Z cwil`‡K eva¨ Kiv nq| Ab¨w`‡K 1982 †_‡K 1991 ch©šÍ †Pqvig¨v‡bi ZË¡veav‡b Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v‡`i (BDGbI) ivLv n‡jI 1998 Gi cwiewZ©Z AvB‡b Zv‡`i cwil‡`i mwPe Kiv nq hv GL‡bv we`¨gvb| 1982 Gi Aa¨v‡`‡k cwil‡`i m`m¨ wn‡m‡e miKvi g‡bvbxZ e¨w³iv _vK‡jI 1998 Gi AvB‡b Zv‡`i ev` †`Iqv nq| eZ©gv‡b Dc‡Rjv cwil` 1998 mv‡ji Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb (2009 mv‡ji 27 bs AvBb Øviv ms‡kvwaZ) AbymiY K‡i cwiPvwjZ nq| †`Lv hv‡”Q, Dc‡Rjv cwil` m„wói mgq cwil‡`i Kvh©µ‡g msm` m`m¨‡`i f~wgKv bv _vK‡jI Kvjµ‡g Zv e„w× †c‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K BDGbIÕ‡`i f~wgKv mnvqK I wm×všÍ ev¯ÍevqbKvix wn‡m‡e wQj hv GL‡bv we`¨gvb|
mviwY 2: Dc‡Rjv cwil` Aa¨v‡`k/ AvBbmg~‡ni D‡jøL‡hvM¨ w`K ¯’vbxq miKvi Aa¨v‡`k 198220 Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb 1998 Dc‡Rjv cwil` Aa¨v‡`k
2008 Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb
1998 (2009 mv‡ji 30 Ryb ch©šÍ ms‡kvwaZ)21
Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i m`m¨ wn‡m‡e RbcÖwZwbwamn miKvi KZ©„K g‡bvbxZ e¨w³i AšÍfz©w³
BDGbIÕi `vwqZ¡ †Pqvig¨v‡bi ZË¡veav‡b cwil‡`i Kv‡R mnvqZv Kiv
cÖkvmwbK GKK wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i m`m¨ wn‡m‡e ïay RbcÖwZwbwai AšÍfz©w³
msm` m`m¨ cwil‡`i Dc‡`óv BDGbI cwil‡`i mwPe
msm` m`m¨‡`i Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i Dc‡`óv _vKvi weavb evwZj
fvBm-‡Pqvig¨v‡bi ywU bZzb c‡`i m„wó
msm` m`m¨‡`i Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i Dc‡`óv Kiv Ges Dc‡`óvi K_v †kvbv cwil‡`i Rb¨ eva¨Zvg~jK
cwil‡`i cÖwZwU Dbœqb cwiKíbv msm` m`‡m¨i wm×všÍ Abymv‡i nq
3. Dc‡Rjv cwil` e¨e¯’v 3.1 Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i MVb Dc‡Rjv cwil` GKwU mswewae× ms ’v I cÖRvZ‡š¿i cÖkvmwbK GKvsk|22 Dc‡Rjv cwil` MwVZ nq GKRb †Pqvig¨vb, `yBRb fvBm †Pqvig¨vb I Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡`i wb‡q| fvBm †Pqvig¨vb‡`i g‡a¨ GKRb _v‡Kb bvix|23 †Pqvig¨vb I fvBm †Pqvig¨vb mswkøó Dc‡Rjvi AvIZvaxb BDwbqb cwil` I †cŠimfvi (hw` _v‡K) †fvUvi‡`i mivmwi †fv‡U wbe©vwPZ n‡q _v‡Kb| Dc‡Rjvi GjvKvfy³ cÖ‡Z¨K BDwbqb cwil‡`i †Pqvig¨vb, †cŠimfvi _vK‡j Gi †Pqvig¨vb I msiw¶Z Avm‡bi bvix m`m¨iv Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i m`m¨ wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| AvBb Abyhvqx cÖ‡Z¨K Dc‡Rjvi AvIZvaxb BDwbqb cwil` Ges †cŠimfvi (hw` _v‡K) †gvU msL¨vi GK-Z…Zxqvs‡ki mg msL¨K Avmb gwnjv‡`i Rb¨ msiw¶Z Avmb e‡j wba©vwiZ|24 BDwbqb cwil` I †cŠimfvi msiw¶Z Avm‡bi me bvix m`‡m¨i †fv‡U Gme Avm‡bi bvix m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ nb| wbe©vwPZ cwil‡`i †gqv` cuvP eQi| Z‡e GB †gqv` †kl nIqv m‡Ë¡I bZzb cwil` wbe©vwPZ bv nIqv ch©šÍ eZ©gvb cwil` Kvh©µg Pvwj‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|25
20 Local Government (Thana Parishad and Thana Administration Reorganization) Ordinance 1982 (Ordinance no. LIX of 1982)| 21 Dc‡Rjv cwil` (iwnZ cybtcÖPjb I ms‡kvab) AvBb, 2009 Gi aviv 2 Øviv Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb, 1998 cybtcÖewZ©Z| 22 Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb 1998 (2009 m‡bi 30 Ryb ch©šÍ ms‡kvwaZ), aviv 4, 5(2)| 23 Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb 1998 (2009 m‡bi 30 Ryb ch©šÍ ms‡kvwaZ), aviv 6| 24 Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb 1998 (2009 m‡bi 30 Ryb ch©šÍ ms‡kvwaZ), aviv 6(4)| 25 Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb 1998 (2009 m‡bi 30 Ryb ch©šÍ ms‡kvwaZ), aviv 7|
5
3.2 Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i Kvh©vejx 1982 mv‡j MwVZ cÖkvmwbK cybwe©b¨vm KwgwUi civgk© Abyhvqx ZrKvjxb miKvi MÖvgxY GjvKvi Kvh©µg‡K wbqvgK (Regulatory Function)/ msiwÿZ (Retained Function) I n¯ÍvšÍwiZ (Transferred Function) wel‡q fvM K‡i| wbqvgK/msiwÿZ welq¸‡jv †K›`ªxq miKvi wbqš¿Y KiZ, n ÍvšÍwiZ welq¸‡jv wbqš¿Y KiZ Dc‡Rjv cwil`, Ges cwil‡`i Kv‡Q `vqe× _vKZ Kvh©µg ev¯ÍevqbKvix Kg©KZ©v|26 eZ©gv‡b miKv‡ii 13wU `ßi/welq Dc‡Rjv cwil‡` n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv n‡q‡Q †hLv‡b Kv‡Ri cwimi e¨vcK I we¯Í…Z| cÖavbZ BDwbqb cwil‡`i AvIZvaxb GjvKvq Dc‡Rjv cwil` Zvi Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb K‡i| we`¨gvb Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb Abyhvqx Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i Kvh©vejx wb¤œiƒc|27 1. cuvPkvjv I wewfbœ †gqvw` Dbœqb cwiKíbv ˆZwi Kiv| 2. cwil‡`i Kv‡Q n¯ÍvšÍwiZ wewfbœ miKvwi `߇ii Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb Ges Gme `߇ii KvRKg© ZË¡veavb Kiv| 3. AvšÍtBDwbqb ms‡hvMKvix iv¯Ív wbg©vY, †givgZ I i¶Yv‡e¶Y Kiv| 4. f~-Dcwi¯’ cvwb-m¤ú‡`i m‡e©vËg e¨envi wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ miKv‡ii wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡i ¶z`ª †mP cÖKí MÖnY I
ev¯Íevqb| 5. Rb¯^v¯’¨, cywó I cwievi cwiKíbv †mev wbwðZ Kiv| 6. m¨vwb‡Ukb I cqtwb®‹vkb e¨e¯’vi DbœwZ mvab Ges cvbxq R‡ji mieivn e¨e ’v MÖnY| 7. Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q wk¶vi cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ DØy× Kiv Ges mnvqZv cÖ vb| gva¨wgK wk¶v Ges gv ªvmv wk¶v Kvh©µ‡gi gvb
Dbœq‡bi j‡¶¨ mswkøó cÖwZôvb¸wji Kvh©µg Z`viwK I mnvqZv cÖ vb| 8. KzwUi I ¶z ª wkí ’vcb I weKv‡ki j‡¶¨ Kvh©µg MÖnY| 9. mgevq mwgwZ I †emiKvwi † ^”Qv‡mex cÖwZôv‡bi Kv‡R mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ges G‡`i Kv‡R mgš^q mvab Kiv| 10. gwnjv, wkï, mgvRKj¨vY Ges hye, µxov I mvs¯‹…wZK Kvh©µ‡g mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ges ev¯Íevqb Kiv| 11. K…wl, Mevw` cï, grm¨ Ges ebR m¤ú` Dbœq‡b Kvh©µg MÖnY I ev¯Íevqb| 12. Dc‡Rjvq AvBb-k„•Ljv cwiw ’wZi Dbœqbmn cywjk wefv‡Mi Kvh©µg Av‡jvPbv Ges wbqwgZfv‡e EaŸ©Zb KZ…©c‡¶i
Kv‡Q cÖwZ‡e`b †cÖiY| 13. AvZ¥-Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó Ges `vwi`ª we‡gvP‡bi Rb¨ Kg©m~wP MÖnY, ev¯Íevqb Ges GB wel‡q miKvwi Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡b
miKvi‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZv cÖ`vb| 14. BDwbqb cwil‡`i Dbœqb Kvh©µ‡gi mgš^q mvab I cix¶Y Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZv cÖ vb| 15. bvix I wkï wbh©vZb BZ¨vw` Aciv‡ai weiæ‡× RbgZ m„wómn Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZ‡ivag~jK Kvh©µg MÖnY| 16. mš¿vm, Pywi, WvKvwZ, †PvivPvjvb, gv`K `ªe¨ e¨envi BZ¨vw` Aciv‡ai weiæ‡× RbgZ m„wómn Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZ‡ivag~jK
Kvh©µg MÖnY| 17. cwi‡ek msi¶Y I Dbœq‡bi j‡¶¨ mvgvwRK ebvqbmn Ab¨vb¨ Kvh©µg MÖnY| 18. miKvi KZ…©K mgq mgq cÖ`Ë Ab¨vb¨ Kvh©vejx| 3.3 Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i Avw_©K e¨e ’vcbv Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ yBwU Drm †_‡K A‡_©i ms¯’vb nq - ivR¯^ hv Dc‡Rjv cwil` wbR¯^ e¨e ’vcbvq msMÖn K‡i, Ges Dbœqb Znwej hv miKvi I Ab¨vb¨ Drm †_‡K msM„nxZ nq (QK 2 `ªóe¨)|28
26 Quazi Azher Ali, Decentralised Administration in Bangladesh, UPL, Dhaka, 1995| 27 Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb 1998 (2009 m‡bi 30 Ryb ch©šÍ ms‡kvwaZ), wØZxq Zdwmj, aviv 7| 28 ’vbxq miKvi wefvM, ’vbxq miKvi, cjøx Dbœqb I mgevq gš¿Yvjq, Dc‡Rjv cwil` ivR¯^ Znwej e¨envi wb‡`©wkKv, A‡±vei 2009; Dc‡Rjv cwil` Dbœqb Znwej e¨envi wb‡ ©wkKv, GwcÖj 2010|
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QK 2: Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i A‡_©i Drm
3.4 Dc‡Rjv cwil‡` †Pqvig¨vb, Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v I ¯’vbxq msm` m`‡m¨i GLwZqvi Dc‡Rjv cwil` †Pqvig¨vb I BDGbIÕi GLwZqvi I `vwqZ¡ we‡kølY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq Dc‡Rjv cwil`‡K mwVKfv‡e cwiPvjbv Kivi `vwqZ¡ Dc‡Rjv †Pqvig¨v‡bi †hLv‡b BDGbI †Pqvig¨vb‡K mwVKfv‡e Kvh©µg m¤úv`‡b mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡eb| Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb Abymv‡i cwil‡`i †Kv‡bv A_© ev m¤ú‡`i †jvKmvb, AcPq ev AccÖ‡qvM n‡j `vqx n‡eb †Pqvig¨vb|29 Ab¨w`‡K mswkøó GjvKvi msm` m`m¨ B”Qv Ki‡j cwil‡`i mKj Kvh©µ‡gi wm×všÍ wb‡Z cvi‡eb †h‡nZz AvBb Abyhvqx Zuvi civgk© ïb‡Z cwil` eva¨|30 cwil‡`i cÖwZwU Dbœqb cwiKíbv msm` m`‡m¨i wm×všÍ Abymv‡i n‡e, Ges miKv‡ii mv‡_ †h‡Kv‡bv †ÿ‡Î miKv‡ii mwnZ †Kvb wel‡q cwil‡`i †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î cwil`‡K D³ welqwU mswkøó GjvKvi msm` m`m¨‡K AewnZ ivL‡Z n‡e|
mviwY 3: Dc‡Rjv cwil‡` †Pqvig¨vb, Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v I msm` m`‡m¨i GLwZqvi
Dc‡Rjv cwil` †Pqvig¨vb31 Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v32 msm` m`m¨
cwil‡`i ˆ`bw›`b cÖkvmwbK KvR cwiPvjbv
cwil‡`i mfvq mfvcwZZ¡ Ges mfvi M„nxZ wm×všÍ ev¯Íevq‡bi j‡¶¨ h_vh_ e¨e¯’v MÖnY
cwil‡`i Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvixi33 ZË¡veavb cwil‡`i wewfbœ Kvh©vejx msµvšÍ cÖ¯Íve Ges cÖKí cÖ ‘Z Kivi j‡ÿ¨ c`‡ÿc MÖnY
cwil‡`i wba©vwiZ Kvh©vejx34 ev¯Íevqb, I
Dc‡Rjv cwil` †Pqvig¨vb‡K Zvi wbe©vnx ¶gZv cÖ‡qv‡M mnvqZv I cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© `vb
Dc‡Rjv cwil`‡K mvwPweK mnvqZv `vb cwil‡`i Kvh©vejx m¤úv`b Ges cwil‡`i bxwZmg~n ev¯Íevq‡b cwil`‡K mnvqZv `vb
cwil‡`i mfvi wm×všÍ Kvh©Ki Kivi c`‡ÿc MÖnY †Pqvig¨v‡bi Z`viwK I wbqš¿‡Y cwil‡`i wbR¯^ Kg©KZ©v/Kg©Pvix‡`i wbqš¿Y
Dbœqbg~jK I cÖkvmwbK Kvh©vejx Z`viwK
Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i Dc‡`óv wn‡m‡e AskMÖnY (GKK GjvKv n‡Z wbe©vwPZ n‡j Zuvi civgk© cwil`‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e)
Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i cÖwZwU Dbœqb cwiKíbvq mycvwik cÖ vb
MÖvgxY AeKvVv‡gv iÿYv‡eÿY
29 Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb, 1998 (2009 m‡b 27 bs AvBb Øviv ms‡kvwaZ), aviv 43| 30 Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb 1998 (2009 m‡bi 30 Ryb ch©šÍ ms‡kvwaZ), aviv 25 (1), 42(3)| 25 (1) avivq ejv n‡q‡Q, ÒMYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi Aby‡”Q` 65-Gi Aaxb GKK AvÂwjK GjvKv nB‡Z wbe©vwPZ mswkøó msm` m`m¨ cwil‡`i Dc‡`óv nB‡eb Ges cwil` Dc‡`óvi civgk© MÖnY Ki‡e|Ó 42(3) avivq ejv n‡q‡Q, Òcwil` Dnvi cÖwZwU Dbœqb cwiKíbvi wel‡q mswkøó msm` m`‡m¨i mycvwik MÖnYc~eK© GKwU Abywjwc Dnvi ev¯Íevq‡bi c~‡e© miKv‡ii wbKU †cÖiY Kwi‡e|Ó 31 Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i †Pqvig¨vb I fvBm †Pqvig¨vb (`vwqZ¡, KZ©e¨ I Avw_©K myweav) wewagvjv, 2010| 32 ¯’vbxq miKvi wefvM, Dc‡Rjv cwil‡` n ÍvšÍwiZ `ßimg~‡ni Kg©KZ©vM‡Yi Kg©ZvwjKvi cÖÁvcb, 17 Ryb 2010| 33 Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb 1998 (2009 m‡bi 30 Ryb ch©šÍ ms‡kvwaZ), aviv 34|
Dc‡Rjv cwil` Znwej
DbœqbivR¯
wewfbœ Ki, †iBU, †Uvj, wd ev Ab¨vb¨ `vwe eve` cÖvß Avq
nvU-evRvi BRvivjä Avq cwil‡`i evmvevwo n‡Z cÖvß Avq f~wg n¯ÍvšÍi K‡ii 1% f~wg Dbœqb K‡ii 2% cwil‡` b¨¯Í ev cwiPvwjZ m¤úwË n‡Z cÖvß Avq ev gybvdv cÖwZôvb ev e¨w³ KZ…©K cÖ Ë Aby vb cwil‡`i A_© wewb‡qvM n‡Z cÖvß gybvdv cwil` KZ…©K cÖvß Ab¨ †Kv‡bv A_©
evwl©K Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi (GwWwc) †_vK eivÏ ivR ^ DØ„Ë ¯’vbxq Aby`vb GwWwcfy³ ev RvZxq cÖK‡íi Ask Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Drm †_‡K Dbœqb cÖK‡íi Rb¨ cÖvß A_©
†Kv‡bv ms¯’v ev KZ©„c‡¶i ev ’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ m¤úvw`Z Pzw³ e‡j cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ cÖvß A_©
7
Dc‡Rjv cwil` †Pqvig¨vb31 Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v32 msm` m`m¨
Gi AMÖMwZ ch©v‡jvPbv fvBm †Pqvig¨vb‡`i Ici b¨¯Í `vwqZ¡ Z`viwK I gwbUi Ki‡eb
miKvi KZ…©K, mgq mgq, Awc©Z mKj ev †h †Kvb Kvh© m¤úv`b
miKvwi wb‡`©kbvi cÖ‡qvM wbwðZ Kiv Ges †Kv‡bv ai‡bi e¨Z¨‡qi †¶‡Î miKv‡ii bR‡i wb‡q Avmv
miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e miKv‡ii wKQz msiwÿZ I wbqvgK Kvh©vejx m¤úv`b hv Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i AvIZvfz³
(wUAvi) Kg©m~wPi we‡kl eiv‡Ïi †ÿ‡Î cÖKí evQvB, MÖnY I Dc-eivÏ Aby‡gv`b35
4. Dc‡Rjv cwil` cÖZ¨vwkZfv‡e Kvh©Ki bv nIqvi KviY 4.1. Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i AvBbMZ mxgve×Zv 4.1.1 Dc‡Rjv cwil‡` msm` m`‡m¨i Dc‡`óv wn‡m‡e f‚wgKv: Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb, 1998 (2009 m‡bi 30 Ryb ch©šÍ ms‡kvwaZ) Abyhvqx msm` m`m¨ Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i Dc‡`ó n‡eb Ges Dc‡`óvi civgk© ïb‡Z cwil` eva¨ _vK‡e| GgbwK cwil‡`i cÖ‡Z¨KwU Dbœqb cwiKíbv cÖYq‡b msm` m`‡m¨i civgk© MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| A_©vr msm` m`‡m¨i AbygwZ Qvov Dc‡Rjv cwil` †Kv‡bv Dbœqbg~jK KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avevi MÖvgxY AeKvVv‡gv iÿYv‡eÿY (wUAvi) Gi we‡kl eivÏ I mvaviY eiv‡Ïi g‡a¨ we‡kl eiv‡Ïi †ÿ‡Î cÖKí evQvB, MÖnY I Dc-eivÏmn mKj wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi ÿgZvI msm` m`m¨‡`i †`Iqv n‡q‡Q|36 GLv‡b Dc‡Rjv †Pqvig¨vb ev fvBm-‡Pqvig¨v‡bi †Kv‡bv f~wgKv †bB| Ab¨w`‡K mvaviY eiv‡Ïi †ÿ‡Î GKB cwic‡Î ÔDc‡Rjv MÖvgxY AeKvVv‡gv ms¯‹vi I iÿYv‡eÿY KwgwUÕ Gi mfvcwZ †Pqvig¨vb n‡jI KwgwUi Kg©cwiwa‡Z D‡jøL i‡q‡Q †h, KwgwU cÖKí MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î ¯’vbxq msm` m`‡m¨i mv‡_ civgk© Ki‡Z n‡e| d‡j mvaviY eiv‡Ïi †ÿ‡ÎI msm` m`‡m¨i mswkøóZv i‡q †M‡Q| D‡jøL¨, AvBbmfvi m`m¨ wn‡m‡e msm` m`m¨‡`i cÖavb KvR wZbwU - AvBb cÖYqb, RbM‡Yi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ges miKv‡ii Revew`wnZv wbwðZ Kiv|37 Kv‡RB ¯’vbxq Dbœq‡b msm` m`m¨‡`i RwoZ nIqv ’vbxq miKv‡ii ÿgZvq‡bi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| GQvov msm` m`m¨‡`i wbe©vPbx cÖwZkÖæwZ, A½xKvi I AMÖvwaKvi ev¯Íevq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ 2010 Gi 10 gvP© RvZxq A_©‰bwZK cwil‡`i (GK‡bK) mfvq 4,691.15 †KvwU UvKvi GKwU cÖKí Aby‡gvw`Z nq †hLv‡b cÖ‡Z¨K msm` m`m¨‡K (msiwÿZ Avm‡bi gwnjv m`m¨ I wmwU Ki‡cv‡ikb AvIZvfz³ GjvKv Qvov) 15 †KvwU UvKv eivÏ †`Iqv nq| GB eiv‡Ïi Aax‡b eZ©gv‡b msm` m`m¨‡`i cÖ Íve ev mycvwik Abyhvqx ’vbxq miKvi cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`ßi wewfbœ cÖKí ev Dc-cÖKí ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Q| G‡ÿ‡ÎI Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i †Pqvig¨vb I fvBm †Pqvig¨v‡bi Kvh©Z †Kv‡bv f~wgKv †bB| D‡jøL¨, GKwU wiU Av‡e`‡bi †cÖwÿ‡Z ¯’vbxq Dbœqb Kv‡R msm` m`m¨‡`i‡K Giƒc A_© eivÏ †Kb AmvsweavwbK n‡e bv Zv Rvb‡Z †P‡q nvB‡KvU© †e iæj Rvwi K‡i 2010 Gi 16 AvM÷|38 ’vbxq Dbœq‡b msm` m`m¨‡`i Rb¨ Giƒc A_© eivÏ msweavb Ges ’vbxq miKv‡ii ÿgZvq‡bi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K|39
34 Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb 1998 (2009 m‡bi 30 Ryb ch©šÍ ms‡kvwaZ) Gi wØZxq Zdwmj| 35 `y‡h©vM e¨e ’vcbv I ÎvY wefvM, ÔMÖvgxY AeKvVv‡gv iÿYv‡eÿY (wUAvi-Lv`¨km¨/bM` UvKv) Kg©m~wP Gi AvIZvq cÖKí MÖnY, ev¯Íevqb I cwiexÿY cwicÎ, 2010-11Õ| 36 y‡h©vM e¨e ’vcbv I ÎvY wefvM, ÔMÖvgxY AeKvVv‡gv i¶Yv‡e¶Y (wUAvi-Lv`¨km¨/bM` UvKv) Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq cÖKí MÖnY, ev¯Íevqb I cwiex¶Y cwicÎ 2010-11Õ, 2011| GB cwic‡Îi c¨viv 7 G ejv n‡q‡Q, Òwe‡kl eivÏ: (2) MÖvgxY AeKvVv‡gv iÿYv‡eÿY (wUAvi) Kg©m~Pxi AvIZvq gvbbxq msm` m`m¨M‡Yi eive‡i we‡kl eiv‡Ïi †ÿ‡Î cÖKí evQvB, MÖnY I Dc-eivÏ gvbbxq msm` m`‡m¨i Aby‡gv`bµ‡g nB‡Z n‡e| †Rjv cÖkvmK/Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Awdmvi gvbbxq msm` m`‡m¨i civgk©µ‡g wb¤œewY©Zfv‡e wcAvBwm MVb Kwi‡eb| (3) gvbbxq msm` m`m¨ KZ…©K Aby‡gvw`Z cÖKí mg~‡n mswkøó BDwbqb cwil‡`i †Pqvig¨vb/m`m¨/gwnjv m`m¨/ †cŠimfv/wmwU K‡c©v‡ik‡bi †ÿ‡Î h_vµ‡g KvDwÝji A_ev GjvKvi †h †Kvb mgvRKg©x wKsev GKRb MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³‡K cÖK‡íi †Pqvig¨vb Kiv n‡e...| (5) Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Awdmvi/ †Rjv cÖkvmK †ÿÎg‡Z wcAvBwm MVb I Aby‡gv`bmn cwicÎ Abymv‡i cÖKí ev¯Íevqb Kwi‡eb|Ó 37 wUAvBwe, RvZxq msm` I msm` m`m¨‡`i f‚wgKv: RbM‡Yi cÖZ¨vkv, XvKv, 2009, c„. 11| 38 ˆ`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv (AbjvBb ms¯‹iY), ÔGK‡b‡Ki wm×všÍ wb‡q nvB‡Kv‡U©i iæjÕ, 16 AvM÷ 2010| 39 cÖm½Z D‡jøL¨, GB RvZxq Znwej m„wó K‡i fvi‡Zi †jvKmfvi m`m¨iv Zv‡`i wbe©vPbx GjvKvq Dbœqb KvR Pvjv‡”Q| fvi‡Zi Kb‡Uªvjvi GÛ AwWUi †Rbv‡i‡ji cÖwZ‡e`‡b G ZnwejwU ¯§iYvZxZ Kv‡ji g‡a¨ me‡P‡q `yb©xwZMÖ¯Í Znwej wn‡m‡e wPwýZ n‡q‡Q| †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g`, e„Ë I e„ËvšÍ- we‡K› ªxKiY, ¯’vbxq kvmb, ivRbxwZ I Dbœqb fvebv, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, XvKv, 2011, c„. 132|
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4.1.2 cÖKí KwgwU‡Z RbcÖwZwbwa bv n‡qI AšÍf©y³: mswkøó AvBb40, wb‡ ©wkKv41 I cwicÎ42 Abyhvqx Dc‡Rjv cwil` wewfbœ Kv‡Ri mnvqZvi Rb¨ wewfbœ KwgwU MVb Ki‡Z cv‡i †hLv‡b cwil‡`i m`m¨ Qvov Ab¨vb¨ e¨w³ivI AšÍf©y³ n‡Z cv‡ib| hv ’vbxq RbMY‡K ’vbxq Dbœq‡b m¤ú„³ Kivi fv‡jv e¨e¯’v| hw`I cwil‡`i m`m¨ bq Ggb e¨w³‡`i Gme KwgwU‡Z AšÍfz©³ nIqvi †hvM¨Zv-A‡hvM¨Zvi welqwU ïay MÖvgxY AeKvVv‡gv iÿYv‡eÿY Kg©m~wP welqK cwic‡Î43 wKQzUv D‡jøL _vK‡jI Ab¨ †Kv_vI †bB| GB my‡hv‡M wewfbœ cÖKí welqK KwgwU‡Z `jxq e¨w³eM© AšÍf©y³ n‡q `jxq cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i `yb©xwZ I Awbqg Kivi Awf‡hvM †kvbv hv‡”Q| GgbwK †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cÖK‡í †Kv‡bv KvR bv K‡iB cÖK‡íi A_© D‡Ëvjb K‡i wb‡q hvIqv n‡q‡Q|44 4.1.3 Dc‡Rjv †Pqvig¨vb I Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©vi ¶gZv: cÖKí ev¯Íevqb, cwi`k©b I Z`viwKi †¶‡Î ˆØZ cÖkvmwbK ¶gZv45 weivR K‡i KviY Dc‡Rjv †Pqvig¨vb I Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v G‡ÿ‡Î mgvb ¶gZv †fvM K‡ib| d‡j hLb †Kv‡bv GKwU wel‡q †Pqvig¨vb I Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©vi w`K wb‡`©kbv wfbœ _v‡K ZLb cÖKí ev¯ÍevqbKvix wØavq c‡o hvq| hw`I Gme †¶‡Î cÖKí ev¯ÍevqbKvix AwaKvsk mgq Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©vi wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡i KvR K‡i| d‡j G‡ÿ‡Î mgš^‡qi cwie‡Z© ¶gZvi †Rvi cÖavb¨ cvq| myZivs †`Lv hv‡”Q wbe©vwPZ Rb-cÖwZwbwa Ges cÖkvmK‡K GKB ¶gZv †`Iqvi d‡j we‡Kw› ªKiY h_vh_fv‡e Kvh©Ki n‡”Q bv| 4.2 cÖkvmwbK mxgve×Zv 4.2.1 Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©vi KZ…©Z¡: me©‡kl Dc‡Rjv cwil` wbe©vP‡bi Av‡M `xN© 18 eQi cÖkvmb KZ©„K Dc‡Rjv cwil` cwiPvwjZ nIqvi d‡j ’vbxq cÖkvmb GKKfv‡e cwil` cwiPvjbvq Af¨¯Í n‡q wM‡q‡Q| d‡j Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v mvwPweK mnvqZv46 †`Iqvi cwie‡Z© wb‡RB Dc‡Rjv cwil`‡K cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡Kb, Ges cwil‡`i wewfbœ KwgwUi (†hgb Lv`¨km¨ µq KwgwU, AwZ `wi‡ ªi Rb¨ Kg©ms ’vb Kg©m~wPi Dc‡Rjv KwgwU, `icÎ g~j¨vqb KwgwU, cÖv_wgK wk¶v KwgwU BZ¨vw`) mfvcwZ wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| Gi d‡j RbM‡Yi Øviv wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa Øviv Dc‡Rjv cwil` cwiPvjbvi D‡Ïk¨ e¨vnZ n‡”Q| GQvov wewa †gvZv‡eK †Pqvig¨v‡bi Aby‡gv`b cÖ‡qvRb Ggb mKj KvMRcÎ I bw_ Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Awdmv‡ii gva¨‡g †Pqvig¨v‡bi wbKU Dc ’vcb Kivi wb‡ ©k47 _vK‡jI †`Lv hvq †mme bw_cÎ †Pqvig¨v‡bi Kv‡Q Dc¯’vwcZ n‡”Q bv|48 4.2.2 nšÍvšÍwiZ `ßi/welq n ÍvšÍi bv Kiv: eZ©gvb AvBb Abyhvqx Dc‡Rjv cwil‡` miKv‡ii 10wU gš¿Yvjq/wefv‡Mi 13wU `ßi/welq n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv n‡q‡Q49 Ges n¯ÍvšÍwiZ `ßi/wel‡q mKj KvMRcÎ I bw_ Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Awdmv‡ii gva¨‡g Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i †Pqvig¨v‡bi wbKU Aby‡gv`‡bi Rb¨ †ck Kivi wb‡ ©kbv †`Iqv n‡q‡Q|50 Z‡e AwaKvsk Dc‡Rjvq GB wbqgwU GLb ch©šÍ m¤ú~Y©fv‡e AbymiY Kiv nqwb| GQvov n¯ÍvšÍwiZ Kg©KZ©v‡`i evwl©K Kvh©µg cÖwZ‡e`b (Annual
40 Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb, 1998 (2009 mv‡ji 30 Ryb ch©šÍ ms‡kvwaZ), aviv 29| 41 ¯’vbxq miKvi wefvM, Dc‡Rjv cwil` Dbœqb Znwej e¨envi wb‡ ©wkKv, GwcÖj 2010| 42 y‡h©vM e¨e ’vcbv I ÎvY wefvM, ÔMÖvgxY AeKvVv‡gv iÿYv‡eÿY Kg©m~Px Gi AvIZvq cÖKí MÖnY, ev¯Íevqb I cwiexÿY cwicÎ, 2010-11Õ| 43 cÖv¸³, c¨viv 8| 44 we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbvi Rb¨ †`Lyb ˆ`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv, ÔwUAv‡ii bv‡g wÎgyLx cÖZviYvÕ, 11 b‡f¤^i 2011; ÔfzuB‡dvo cÖwZôv‡bi bv‡g eivÏÕ, 20 Ryb 2011; ÔwUAvi-KvweLvq Av.jx‡Mi KwgwU!Õ, 29 †g 2011; ÔwgimivB‡q wUAvi cÖK‡í e¨vcK `yb©xwZi Awf‡hvMÕ, 12 A‡±vei 2011; ÔwUAv‡ii Pvj AvZ¥mvr Av.jxM †bZv‡`i!Õ, 3 †g 2011; ÔwUAvi I KvweUvi UvKv jyUcv‡Ui Awf‡hvMÕ, 28 †m‡Þ¤^i 2011; Ô†jvnvMovq wUAv‡ii 78 cÖK‡íi Mg AvZ¥mvrÕ, 23 †m‡Þ¤i 2010; †WBwj ÷vi, ÔA¨më Ab `kwgbv BD‡RW fvBm-‡Pqvig¨vbÕ, 30 RyjvB 2010| 45 ¯’vbxq miKvi wefvM, Dc‡Rjv cwil` Dbœqb Znwej e¨envi wb‡ ©wkKv 2010, c¨viv 15(2) I 15(3), GwcÖj 2010| 46 Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb 1998 (2009 m‡bi 30 Ryb ch©šÍ ms‡kvwaZ), aviv 33| 47 Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb wewagvjv, 2010 Gi wewa 14| 48 mwPe, ¯’vbxq miKvi wefvM, Dc‡Rjv 2 kvLv, ¯^v¶wiZ wPwV, 28/4/2010| GB wel‡qi e¨vL¨v †P‡q 2011 Gi 19 Ryb nvB‡KvU© wWwfkb GKwU iæj Rvwi K‡i (m~Î: bdnews24.com, HC asks why upazila parishad being ‘bypassed’, 20 June 2011)| 49 Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb, 1998 (2009 m‡bi 30 Ryb ch©šÍ ms‡kvwaZ), aviv 24 Ges Z…Zxq Zdwmj| 50 mwPe gbRyi †nv‡mb ¯^vÿwiZ wPwV hvi ¯§viK bs: ¯’vmwe/Dc-2/wm-4/2009/1256, 28 GwcÖj 2010; Ges Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i wbKU n¯ÍvšÍwiZ `ßi welqK cÖÁvcb, ¯’vbxq miKvi wefvM, Dc‡Rjv kvLv 1, 21 †m‡Þ¤^i 2010|
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Performance Report - APR) ˆZwi Kivi `vwqZ¡ Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i51 n‡jI G m¤ú‡K© miKvi †_‡K †Kv‡bv wb‡ ©kbv †`Iqv nqwb| hvi d‡j wbe©vwPZ RbcÖwZwbwaiv mswkøó Kg©KZ©v‡`i‡K Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri Rb¨ `vqe× Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| 4.3 Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i cÖvwZôvwbK mxgve×Zv 4.3.1 AKvh©Ki ’vqx KwgwU: AvBb Abyhvqx Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i Kv‡Ri mnvqZvi Rb¨ 14wU ¯’vqx KwgwU MVb Kivi K_v, †hLv‡b cwil‡`i †Pqvig¨vb †Kv‡bv KwgwUi mfvcwZ n‡Z cvi‡eb bv|52 Z‡e Dc‡Rjv cwil` wbe©vPb AbywôZ nIqvi ci cÖvq wZb eQi cvi n‡jI GLb ch©šÍ AwaKvsk Dc‡Rjv cwil‡` me¸‡jv ¯’vqx KwgwU MVb Kiv nqwb| Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i fvBm-‡Pqvig¨vb‡K KwgwUi mfvcwZ, Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i m`m¨e„›`‡K KwgwUi m`m¨ Ges mswkøó wefv‡Mi Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©v‡K mswkøó KwgwUi m`m¨ mwPe Ki‡Z n‡e| m¤úªwZ ¯’vbxq miKvi wefv‡Mi hyM¥ mwPe ^vÿwiZ wPwVi gva¨‡g 2011 Gi 15 RyjvB Gi g‡a¨ ’vqx KwgwU MVb K‡i Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Kiv n‡jI AwaKvsk Dc‡Rjv †_‡K KwgwU MVb msµvšÍ †Kv‡bv Z_¨ ¯’vbxq miKvi wefvM cvqwb| Gici ¯’vqx KwgwU MVb K‡i 2011 Gi 12 A‡±ve‡ii g‡a¨ D³ wefv‡M †cÖi‡Yi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Rvbv‡bv nq|53 wKš‘ GiciI AwaKvsk Dc‡Rjv cwil‡` Gme ¯’vqx KwgwU MVb Kiv nqwb|54 Gi Ab¨Zg KviY wn‡m‡e KwgwU m`m¨ Kviv n‡eb GB wel‡q cvi¯úwiK mgš^qnxbZv‡K wPwýZ Kiv hvq| †Pqvig¨vbivI ¯’vqx KwgwU¸‡jv Kvh©Ki †nvK Zv Pvb bv, †Kbbv †Pqvig¨vbiv †Kv‡bv ’vqx KwgwUi mfvcwZ n‡Z cvi‡eb bv Ges Zv‡`i nv‡Z hZUzKz KZ©„Z¡ Av‡Q ZvI Zviv nviv‡eb e‡j aviYv K‡ib| 4.3.2 msiw¶Z Avm‡bi wbe©vPb AbywôZ bv nIqv: AvBb Kvh©Ki nIqvi 330 w`‡bi g‡a¨ msiwÿZ gwnjv m`m¨‡`i wbe©vPb Kivi eva¨evaKZv i‡q‡Q| Z‡e Awbevh© Kvi‡Y D³ mg‡qi g‡a¨ wbe©vPb Abyôvb m¤¢e bv n‡j wbe©vPb Kwgkb cÖÁvcb Øviv GB wbe©vPb AbywôZ nIqvi mgqmxgv wba©viY Ki‡e|55 wKš‘ BDwbqb cwil` I †cŠimfvi wbe©vPb m¤úbœ n‡jI GLb ch©šÍ Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i msiw¶Z Avm‡bi wbe©vPb bv nIqvi d‡j Dc‡Rjv cwil` MVb m¤ú~Y© nqwb| d‡j msiw¶Z Avm‡bi m`m¨‡`i Abycw ’wZi Kvi‡Y mfvi wm×v‡šÍ mevi gZvg‡Zi cÖwZdjb NU‡Q bv| 4.3.3 Dbœqb cwiKíbv I ev‡RU cÖYqb bv nIqv: Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i Znwe‡ji msMwZ Abyqvqx cuvPmvjv I wewfbœ †gqvw` Dbœqb cwiKíbv cÖ¯‘Z I ev¯Íevqb Kivi weavb i‡q‡Q|56 GQvov AvBb Abyhvqx cÖwZ A_©eQi ïiæ nIqvi 60 w`b c~‡e© ev‡RU cÖYqb Ges AšÍZ 15 w`b Rb-mvavi‡Yi AeMwZi Rb¨ cwil‡`i †bvwUm †ev‡W© UvwO‡q ivL‡Z n‡e| RbgZ msMÖn I cÖ ÍvweZ ev‡RU ch©v‡jvPbvi Rb¨ Lmov ev‡R‡Ui gyw ªZ Kwc mswkøó msm` m`m¨, BDwbqb cwil`, †cŠimfv I ’vbxq †cÖm K¬v‡e cvVv‡Z n‡e| Gici BDwbqb cwil‡`i m`m¨, †cŠimfvi KvDwÝji, wkÿv cÖwZôvb cÖavb, †emiKvwi ms¯’v, e¨vsK, e¨w³ D‡`¨v³v, bvMwiK mgv‡Ri Dcw ’wZ‡Z Av‡jvPbv K‡i A_©eQi ïiæ nIqvi 30 w`b c~‡e© ev‡RU Aby‡gv`b K‡i Zvi Abywjwc msm` m`m¨, miKvi, †Rjv cÖkvm‡Ki wbKU cvVv‡Z n‡e|57 wKš‘ †`Lv hvq 2009 I 2010 A_©eQ‡i Dc‡Rjv cwil‡` †Kv‡bv cwiKíbv I ev‡RU nqwb, Ges 2011 A_©eQ‡i Dbœqb cwiKíbv I ev‡RU n‡q‡Q e‡jI †Kv‡bv Z_¨ cvIqv hvqwb|58 hw`I AvB‡b ejv Av‡Q †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y ev‡RU cÖ¯‘Z Kiv bv †M‡j miKvi D³ eQ‡ii Rb¨ GKwU Avq-e¨q weeiYx cÖ ‘Z K‡i cÖZ¨qb Ki‡e hv ev‡RU e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡e|59 cwiKíbv I ev‡RU cÖYqb bv nIqvi Ab¨Zg KviY msm` m`m¨, †Pqvig¨vb I BDGbIÕi g‡a¨ mgš^qnxbZv| GQvovI Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i †Pqvig¨vb I BDwbqb cwil‡`i †Pqvig¨v‡bi g‡a¨ mgš^qnxbZv i‡q‡Q| Dbœqb Kvh©µ‡gi mKj wm×všÍ msm` m`‡m¨i wb‡ ©kbv Abyhvqx nq e‡j cwil‡`i †Pqvig¨vb I fvBm-
51 Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb 1998 (2009 m‡bi 30 Ryb ch©šÍ ms‡kvwaZ), aviv 24 (2)| 52 Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb 1998 (2009 m‡bi 30 Ryb ch©šÍ ms‡kvwaZ), aviv 29(1)(2)(3)| ¯’vqx KwgwU¸‡jv n‡”Q- AvBb k„•Ljv, †hvMv‡hvM I †fŠZ AeKvVv‡gv Dbœqb, K…wl I †mP, wkÿv, ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi cwiKíbv, hye I µxov Dbœqb, gwnjv I wkï Dbœqb, mgvRKj¨vY, f~wg, grm¨ I cïm¤ú`, cjøx Dbœqb I mgevq, Z_¨ I ms¯‹…wZ, eb I cwi‡ek, evRvi g~j¨ ch©‡eÿY, gwbUwis I wbqš¿Y| 53 ¯’vbxq miKvi wefvM, ¯§viK bs: 46.045.022.09.02.002.2011-135, 21 †m‡Þ¤^i 2011| 54 ˆ`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv, Ô†ewki fvM Dc‡Rjv cwil‡` 14wU ¯’vqx KwgwU MwVZ nqwbÕ, 31 †m‡Þ¤^i 2011| 55 Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb 1998 (2009 m‡bi 30 Ryb ch©šÍ ms‡kvwaZ), aviv 17(K)| 56 Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb 1998 (2009 m‡bi 30 Ryb ch©šÍ ms‡kvwaZ), aviv 42; Dc‡Rjv cwil` ev‡RU (cÖYqb I Aby‡gv`b) wewagvjv, 2010| 57 Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb 1998 (2009 m‡bi 30 Ryb ch©šÍ ms‡kvwaZ), aviv 38; Dc‡Rjv cwil` ev‡RU (cÖYqb I Aby‡gv`b) wewagvjv, 2010| 58 †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g`, e„Ë I e„ËvšÍ- we‡K› ªxKi‡Y, ¯’vbxq kvmb, ivRbxwZ I Dbœqb fvebv, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, XvKv, 2011, c„ 96| 59 Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb 1998 (2009 m‡bi 30 Ryb ch©šÍ ms‡kvwaZ), aviv 38(3)|
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†Pqvig¨v‡biv cwiKíbv I ev‡RU cÖYq‡b AMÖnx nb bv| d‡j we‡Kw› ªKi‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ m„ó Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i mydj †_‡K ewÂZ n‡”Q RbMY| 4.3.4 Rbm¤§y‡L Z_¨ cÖKvk: Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i Dbœqb cwiKíbv I ev‡RU cÖYqb Ges cwil‡`i evwl©K Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve Rb-mvavi‡Yi AeMwZ, gšÍe¨, civgk© ev AvcwË we‡ePbvq †bIqvi Rb¨ cÖKvk Kivi weavb60 _vK‡jI ev ͇e Zv Kiv nq bv| d‡j GKw`‡K †hgb AvB‡bi j•Nb n‡”Q Ab¨w`‡K ¯”QZv, Revew`wnZv I `vqe×Zvi NvUwZ †_‡K hv‡”Q| 4.3.5 miKvi wba©vwiZ wbqg bv gvbv: †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i †Pqvig¨vb Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©vi mv‡_ Kvw•ÿZ AvPiY K‡ib bv| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †Pqvig¨vb `vßwiK KvR m¤úbœ Ki‡Z miKvi wba©vwiZ wbqgKvbyb mwVKfv‡e AbymiY Ki‡Z Pvb bv| d‡j ¯’vbxq cÖkvm‡bi mv‡_ Zv‡`i m¤ú‡K©i AebwZ N‡U hv GKmgq msN‡l©i61 w`‡K hvq Ges Abwf‡cÖZ cwiw¯’wZi m„wó K‡i| d‡j Dc‡Rjv cwil‡` ^vfvweK Kvh©µ‡gi cwi‡ek e¨vnZ nq| 4.4 ivR‰bwZK mxgve×Zv 4.4.1 AvBb ms‡kva‡b †÷K‡nvìvi‡`i f~wgKv †bB: we`¨gvb ÔDc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb 1998Õ (2009 m‡bi 30 Ryb ch©šÍ ms‡kvwaZ) ms‡kvab K‡i ÔDc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb 2010Õ cÖYq‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ 2010 Gi 6 wW‡m¤^i ÔDc‡Rjv cwil` (ms‡kvab) wej 2010Õ msm‡` DÌvcb Kiv nq| Z‡e AwaKZi hvPvB-evQvB Kivi Rb¨ wejwU msm‡`i ’vbxq miKvi welqK ’vqx KwgwU‡Z †cÖiY Kiv nq|62 eZ©gv‡b ¯’vqx KwgwU‡Z wejwUi ch©v‡jvPbv Pj‡Q| Z‡e GB we‡ji Lmov GLb ch©šÍ I‡qemvB‡U cÖKvk Kiv nqwb ev Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i †Pqvig¨vb, fvBm-†Pqvig¨vb I Ab¨vb¨ RbcÖwZwbwa‡`i †`Iqv nqwb| AvBb ms‡kva‡bi welqwU‡Z GK ai‡bi †MvcbxqZv j¶ Kiv hvq hv fwel¨‡Z AvB‡bi ev¯Íevq‡b RwUjZvi m„wó n‡Z cv‡i| 4.4.2 Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©vi bvgKiY cwieZ©b: ÔDc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©vÕ Gi c`we cwieZ©b K‡i ÔDc‡Rjv gyL¨ wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©vÕ Kivi cÖ Íve gwš¿mfvq M„nxZ (19 GwcÖj 2010) nq Ges hv eZ©gv‡b cÖwµqvaxb ÔDc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb, 2010Õ G mshy³ Kiv n‡e|63GB weavb Kvh©Ki n‡j RbcÖwZwbwa‡`i †P‡q cÖkvmb AwaKZi ¶gZvwqZ n‡e| d‡j †Pqvig¨vb I BDGbIÕi g‡a¨Kvi ÿgZvi `›Ø I fzj †evSveywS n«vm bv †c‡q AviI e„w× cv‡e Ges ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡e Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i Kvh©µg| 4.4.3 Kg©nxb fvBm †Pqvig¨vb cÖwZwU Dc‡Rjv cwil‡` `yÕRb fvBm-‡Pqvig¨vb _vK‡jI Zv‡`i †Zgb †Kv‡bv `vßwiK bw_cÎ hvPvB evQvB Ki‡Z †`Iqv nq bv, ev GgbwK cÖKí welqK †Kv‡bv KwgwU‡Z ivLv nq bv| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ cÖvq mK‡jB Dc‡Rjv cwil` Awd‡m Ajm mgq AwZevwnZ Ki‡Qb| m¤úªwZ fvBm †Pqvig¨vb‡`i‡K mfvcwZ K‡i ¯’vqx KwgwU Kivi K_v _vK‡jI GLb ch©šÍ mKj Dc‡Rjvq Zv m¤úbœ nqwb| 4.4.4 Dbœqb cÖK‡í mK‡ji AvMÖn: Dbœqb cÖKí QvovI Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i AviI A‡bK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Kvh©µg i‡q‡Q hv cwil`‡K A_©‰bwZKfv‡e ^qsm¤ú~Y© Ki‡Z D‡jøL‡hvM¨ f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Ki, †iBU, †Uvj ev wd mwVKfv‡e Av`vq Kiv| `ytLRbK n‡jI mZ¨, Gme Kvh©µ‡g msm` m`m¨, †Pqvig¨vb I fvBm †Pqvig¨vbmn mswkøó‡`i AvMÖn A‡bK Kg| mevB ïay Dbœqb cÖKí welqK Kvh©µ‡g m¤ú„³ n‡Z Pvq, KviY GKw`‡K †hgb Dbœqb cÖKí ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡j mn‡R RbM‡Yi „wó‡MvPi nq hv fwel‡Z wbe©vP‡b R‡qi Rb¨ mnvqK cwi‡ek m„wó K‡i, cvkvcvwk wbe©vP‡bi c~‡e© cÖv_©xiv GjvKvi AeKvVv‡gv Dbœq‡bi †h cÖwZkÖæwZ w`‡q _v‡K ZvI c~iY nq| GQvov †KD †KD Avevi Dbœqb cÖKí †_‡K A_©‰bwZKfv‡e jv‡fi my‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ AwaK AvMÖnx _v‡K|
60 Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb 1998 (2009 m‡bi 30 Ryb ch©šÍ ms‡kvwaZ), aviv 38, 39 I 42| 61 ˆ`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv, Ôweij Dc‡Rjv †Pqvig¨vb †MÖßviÕ, 1 †g 2010| 62 ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK, ÔDc‡Rjv †Pqvig¨vb-fvBm‡Pqvg¨vb AcmviY wej DÌvcbÕ, 8 AvM÷ 2010| 63 ˆ`wbK mgKvj, ÔDc‡Rjv cwil‡`i ÿgZv evoj BDGbIiÕ; †WBwj ÷vi, ÔBDGbIÕm Uz †MU †gvi cvIqviÕ, 20 GwcÖj 2010; Working of Upazila Parishad in Bangladesh: A Study of Twelve Upazilas, UNDP, 2011|
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4.4.5 ’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvb Z`viwK‡Z ¯’vqx KvVv‡gvi Abycw¯’wZ: †`‡k eZ©gv‡b ’vbxq ch©v‡q cuvP nvRv‡ii AwaK ’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvb (BDwbqb cwil`, Dc‡Rjv cwil`, †cŠimfv I wmwU Ki‡cv‡ikb) i‡q‡Q hv ’vbxq miKvi, cjøx Dbœqb I mgevq gš¿Yvj‡qi ZË¡veav‡b cwiPvwjZ nq| eivÏ, wewagvjv, bxwZgvjv, Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb †KŠkjmn A‡bK wel‡q †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii Ici m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wbf©i Ki‡Z nq e‡j Gme ’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvb‡K †K› ªxq miKvi mn‡RB wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cv‡i| d‡j ’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvb wbR ^ cwiKíbv gvwdK ^vaxbfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Ab¨w`‡K ’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvb‡K cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z †K› ªxq miKvi‡KI AwZwi³ Pvc wb‡Z nq| we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡k wKQz ^vaxb cÖwZôvb i‡q‡Q hviv ’vbxq miKvi wel‡q KvR K‡i Ges ’vbxq miKv‡ii Ici †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii cÖfve‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i|64
D‡jøL¨, c~e©eZ©x wewfbœ miKvi ’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôv‡bi KvVv‡gv, MVb, ¯Íi, ÿgZv, KZ…©Z¡ I Kvh©vejx BZ¨v`x wba©vi‡bi Rb¨ K‡qKwU A¯’vqx KwgwU I Kwgkb MVb K‡i|65 Gme KwgwU I Kwgk‡bi meKwU h_v LGSRC, LGC (1997), CRFASI, CSLG Ges LGC (2008) ’vbxq miKvi welqK GKwU ^vaxb mswewae× Kwgk‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi K_v mycvwik K‡i| 2008 mv‡j 29 A‡±vei ’vbxq miKvi Kwgkb Aa¨v‡`‡ki gva¨‡g ’vqxfv‡e GKwU ’vbxq miKvi Kwgkb MVb Kiv n‡jI beg RvZxq msm‡` Aa¨v‡`kwU‡K AvB‡b cwiYZ bv Kivi d‡j Zv 23 †deªæqvwi 2009 Zvwi‡L wejyß n‡q hvq| D‡jøL¨ Kwgkb GKRb †Pqvig¨vb I `yBRb m`m¨ wb‡q Kwgkb c~Y©v½iƒ‡c 10 b‡f¤^i 2008 Zvwi‡L Zv‡`i Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡i|66 8. we‡k¦i Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki ’vbxq miKvi we‡k¦i cÖvq me MYZvwš¿K †`‡kB ¯’vbxq miKvi KvVv‡gv we`¨gvb _vK‡jI G‡KKwU †`‡ki KvVv‡gv wfbœ| Z‡e evsjv‡`‡ki Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i g‡Zv bv n‡jI Ab¨vb¨ Dbœqbkxj Ges DbœZ †`‡k ’vbxq miKvi e¨e ’v wKfv‡e KvR Ki‡Q †m m¤ú‡K© GKwU aviYv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Avgv‡`i wbKUZg cÖwZ‡ewk †`k fvi‡Zi ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvb¸‡jv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e A‡bK Kvh©Ki| MÖvgv‡ji cÂv‡qZ cÖ_v LyeB kw³kvjx| Zviv ^vaxbfv‡e Zv‡`i Kvh©µg cwiPjvbv Ki‡Z cv‡i| msm` m`m¨iv ’vbxq Dbœq‡b AskMÖnY K‡i _vK‡jI Zv mgš^q mva‡bi gva¨‡g K‡i _v‡K| †bcv‡ji ’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvb¸‡jv
¯^vaxbfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i, Ges wbR¯^ †jvKej wb‡qvM w`‡Z cv‡i|67 gvjØxc ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôv‡bi m~Pbv Ki‡Z hv‡”Q †hLv‡b wbe©vwPZ RbcÖwZwbwa‡`i ^vaxbfv‡e KvR Kivi my‡hvM Ges miKv‡ii n¯Í‡¶c bv _vKvi welqwU we‡ePbv Kiv n‡”Q| kªxjsKvq †K›`ªxq miKvi cÖv‡`wkK KvDw݇ji gva¨‡g wewfbœ AvB‡bi wfwˇZ ¯’vbxq miKvi‡K ¶gZv Ges `vwqZ¡ w`‡Z cv‡i| Gwkqvi Ab¨vb¨ †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wdwjcvB‡b mvaviY ZË¡veavb Qvov ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii Ici †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii †Kv‡bv wbqš¿Y †bB| †K› ªxq miKvi ’vbxq miKvi‡K wejyß Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, Z‡e AvBb cwil` ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvb‡K we‡jvc Kivi j‡¶¨ AvBb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ Zv Kvh©Ki Kivi Rb¨ MY‡fv‡Ui gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi Aby‡gv`b †bIqv Avek¨K| Rvcv‡b †K›`ªxq I ¯’vbxq miKvi G‡K Ac‡ii Ici wbf©ikxj Ges ci¯ú‡ii cwic~iK| GLv‡b ¯’vbxq ¯^vwaKvi AvB‡bi g~j `k©b n‡”Q ’vbxq miKv‡ii Ici †K› ªxq miKv‡ii n¯Í‡¶c b~ bZg ch©v‡q ivLv, hv g~jZ Dc‡`k, mycvwik I cÖhyw³MZ mnvqZvi g‡a¨ mxgve×|
64 mvjvDwÏb Gg. Avwgby¾vgvb, ‘The Role of Proposed Local Governmant Commission’, 2008 Gi 18 gvP© BDGbwWwc Av‡qvwRZ †Mvj‡Uwej ˆeV‡K Dc¯’vwcZ cÖeÜ| 65 Gi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Local Government Structure Review Commission (LGSRC), July 1992; The Local Government Commission (LGC), May 1997; Committee on Recommendation about Financial Authority and Sources of Income of Local Government Institution (CRFASI), April 1998; Committee on Strengthening Local Government (CSLG), 2007 Ges Local Government Commission (LGC), 2008 (m~Î: Mohammad Mohabbat Khan, Tax Payment Behavior of UP Citizens, Democraycywatch, RTI International, Democratic Local Governance Program DLGP, USAID| 66 †Zvd‡qj Avn‡g`, Ô¯’vbxq miKvi e`‡ji wKQz Riæix cvVÕ, ˆ`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv, 3 b‡f¤^i 2009| 67 UN ESCAP, 'Local Government in Asia and the Pacific: A Comparative Study', m~Î: http://www.unescap.org/huset/lgstudy/index.htm
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DbœZ we‡k¦i g‡a¨ wbDwRj¨v‡Û ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii cwiPvwjZ Kvh©µ‡gi Ici bRi ivLvi `vwqZ¡ †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii n‡jI †K›`ªxq miKvi ¯’vbxq miKvi‡K cwiPvjbv ev eiLv¯Í Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|68 myB‡W‡b ¯’vbxq miKvi ¯^vaxbfv‡e KvR K‡i, Ges ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii Kv‡Ri †¶Î mywbw`©ó| GQvov ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvb¸‡jv A_©‰bwZKfv‡e ¯^vej¤^x nIqvi Kvi‡Y †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii Ici wbf©ikxj _vK‡Z nq bv| Bsj¨v‡Û Qq ¯Íiwewkó ’vbxq miKvi e¨e¯’v we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q - c¨vwim, Avievb wWmwUª±, iæivj wWmwUª±, e‡iv, KvDw›U e‡iv Ges KvDw›U| Bsj¨v‡Ûi ’vbxq miKvi Kg©Pvix wb‡qv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î bxwZgvjv cÖYqb Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zv‡`i †eZb I PvKzwii kZ©vejx cwil` wba©viY Ki‡Z cv‡i|69 A_©vr †`Lv hv‡”Q †hme †`‡k ¯’vbxq miKvi e¨e¯’v Kvh©Ki †mLv‡b ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôv‡bi Ici †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii cÖfve †bB ev _vK‡jI Lye mvgvb¨, msm` m`m¨ ev AvBb cÖ‡YZv‡`i f‚wgKv ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôv‡b †bB, Ges †ewkifvM †ÿ‡Î ’vbxq miKvi Avw_©Kfv‡e ^vaxb|
9. Dcmsnvi Dchy©³ Av‡jvPbvi †cÖw¶‡Z ejv hvq, eZ©gvb AvBb Abyhvqx msm` m`m¨, Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i †Pqvig¨vb I Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©vi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î mvsNwl©K| Avevi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î Zv msweav‡b ewY©Z ’vbxq kvm‡bi aviYvi mv‡_I AmvgÄm¨c~Y©| msm` Kvh©cÖYvjx wewa‡Z msm` m`m¨‡`i `vwq‡Z¡i g‡a¨ ’vbxq kvm‡b mivmwi AskMÖnY wb‡q †Kv‡bv w`K-wb‡ ©kbv bv _vK‡jI we`¨gvb Dc‡Rjv cwil` AvB‡b GB wel‡q my úó w`K-wb‡ ©kbv i‡q‡Q| AvBbMZfv‡e msm` m`m¨iv Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i Dc‡`óv n‡jI ev¯Í‡e Zuviv Dc‡`k bq, wb‡ ©k w`‡q _v‡Kb| msm` m`‡m¨i wb‡`©k Abyhvqx Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i AšÍM©Z GjvKvi mKj Dbœqb Kg©KvÐ cwiPvwjZ nq| ¯’vbxq Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Ð †Pqvig¨vb-fvBm †Pqvig¨vb‡`i D‡jø‡hvM¨ †Kv‡bv f‚wgKv _v‡K bv Ges cwil` wbR ^ cwiKíbv cÖYqb I †m Abyhvqx KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Gi d‡j ¯’vbxq kvmb e¨e¯’v cÖwZôvi gva¨‡g we‡Kw›`ªKi‡Yi †h g~j D‡Ïk¨ wQj Zv ev¯Íevqb n‡”Q bv| Ab¨w`‡K Awbqg I yb©xwZi †ÿ‡Î †KD `vqe× n‡”Q bv|
we`¨gvb AvB‡b msm` m`m¨‡`i ¯’vbxq Dbœq‡b AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM †`Iqvi d‡j GKw`‡K Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i Dbœqb cwiKíbvmn cÖKí cÖYqb I ev¯Íevq‡b msm` m`m¨‡`i GK”QÎ AvwacZ¨ we¯Ívi, Ges Ab¨w`‡K Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v‡K †Pqvig¨v‡bi cvkvcvwk Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡qi Dbœqbg~jK I cÖkvmwbK Kvh©vejx Z`viwK Kivi ¶gZv I wewfbœ KwgwUi cÖavb Kivi d‡j Dc‡Rjv cwil` cÖK…Z A‡_© Kvh©Ki n‡”Q bv| msm` m`m¨, †Pqvig¨vb I Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©vi ga¨Kvi wÎgyLx ؇›Øi Kvi‡Y Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Kvh©µgmn ’vbxq Dbœq‡b †bwZevPK cÖfve co‡Q, Ges Dc‡Rjv cwil` AKvh©Ki †_‡K hv‡”Q| d‡j ’vbxq miKvi e¨e ’v cÖwZôvi †h mvsweavwbK eva¨evaKZv Zv c~iY n‡”Q bv| 10. mycvwik M‡elYvq cÖvß djvd‡ji Ici wfwË K‡i K‡qKwU mycvwik cÖ Íve Kiv n‡”Q hv ev¯Íevqb Ki‡j Dc‡Rjv cwil` AwaKZi Kvh©Ki n‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq|
1. ÔDc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb, 1998Õ (2009 m‡b 27 bs AvBb Øviv ms‡kvwaZ) G msm` m`m¨‡`i cwil‡` Dc‡`óvi gh©v`v †`Iqv n‡q‡Q Ges cwil` Dc‡`óvi civgk© MÖnY Ki‡e G msµvšÍ D³ AvB‡bi 25 aviv evwZj Ki‡Z n‡e| GKBfv‡e D³ AvB‡bi 42 (3) aviv Abyhvqx cÖwZwU Dbœqb cwiKíbvq mycvwik MÖnYmn †h †Kv‡bv cÖKí cÖYqb, evQvB I Aby‡gv`‡b msm` m`‡m¨i mswkøóZv ev` w`‡Z n‡e|
2. Dc‡Rjv cwil‡` msm` m`‡m¨i KiYxq welq¸‡jv Ggbfv‡e wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z Dc‡Rjv cwil` †Pqvig¨v‡bi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©‡e¨i mv‡_ msNwl©K bv nq|
3. AvB‡b cwiYZ Kivi Av‡M cÖ¯ÍvweZ ÔDc‡Rjv cwil` AvBb 2010Õ Gi Lmov RbgZ hvPvB‡qi Rb¨ I‡qemvB‡U cÖKvk Ges †Pqvig¨vb, fvBm-†Pqvig¨vbmn mswkøó †÷K‡nvìvi‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i P~ovšÍ Ki‡Z n‡e|
4. ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvbmg~n‡K MwZkxj, `vqe× I kw³kvjx Kivi j‡ÿ¨ GKwU wbi‡c¶ I ¯^vaxb ¯’vqx ¯’vbxq miKvi Kwgkb MVb Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi g~j KvR n‡e ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii eiv‡Ïi
68 ew`Dj Avjg gRyg`vi, ¯’vbxq miKvi-AZxZ, eZ©gvb I fwel¨Z, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, XvKv, 2009| 69 †n‡jbv Lvb, evsjv‡`‡ki ¯’vbxq miKvi I ivRbxwZ, Avb›` cÖKvkb, XvKv, 2009|
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mylg eÈb, ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôv‡bi Avw_©K I cÖkvmwbK Kvh©µg Z`viwK I ch©‡eÿY, Awf‡hv‡Mi Z`šÍ I mycvwik, bxwZgvjv cÖYqb I M‡elYv|
5. RbcÖwZwbwa bv n‡qI cÖKí welqK KwgwU¸‡jv‡Z AšÍfz©w³i †ÿ‡Î GKRb e¨w³i †hvM¨Zv I A‡hvM¨Zvi welqwU AvBb, wewagvjv I bxwZgvjvq my¯úófv‡e wba©viY K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|
6. miKv‡ii wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx Dc‡Rjv cwil‡` †h 10wU gš¿Yvjq/wefv‡Mi 13wU `ßi/welq n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z n‡e|
7. mKj Dc‡Rjvq AvBb I wewa Abyhvqx ªæZ 14wU ¯’vqx KwgwU MVb I Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z n‡e| 8. cwil‡`i `vßwiK bw_cÎmn cÖKí Aby‡gv`b I ev¯Íevqb welqK bw_c‡Î fvBm †Pqvig¨v‡bi mycvwikµ‡g
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