Trashket Ball

Teams based on rows (adjustments will be made as needed)

ALL teams w/ correct answer get to shoot

You decide how many points to go for: 1, 2, 3, or 5

It is believed that the Earth was

formed how long ago?

Around 4.6 billion years ago

(but remember some sources differ slightly)

Chose which came 1st and list 2 unique characteristics of this type of cell.

Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes

PROKARYOTES•No membrane-bound nucleus

•Smaller in size

•Cell wall is present

•Unicellular

•Absence of internal membrane-bound organelles

What is a sequence of 3 tRNA bases that bind with

a codon during translation called?

An anti-codon

Remember: •Codons are found on mRNA•Anti-codon and is found on t-RNA

What is a common ancestor?

The most recent ancestral form or species from which two different species evolved

If the half-life of a radioactive isotope is 2,500 years and you started out with a 40g sample, how much of the radioactive isotope would remain in 7,500 years?

3 half lives, so…

After 1(2,500yrs) 20g

After 2 (5,000yrs) 10g

After 3 (7,500yrs) 5g

Radioactive IsotopeStable Isotope

Are the structures below analogous, homologous, or

vestigial?

HomologousStructures derived from a common ancestor or same

evolutionary or developmental origin

List 2 vocabulary words that you could use to describe an following organism with the

following alleles:Hh

Must have 2 of 3

Carrier Heterozygous Hybrid

Brown eyes (B) are dominant to blue (b). What percentage of children from a blue-eyed

male and a heterozygous brown-eyed female would

you expect to have blue eyes?

b b

B Bb Bb

b bb bb

The picture blow represents which type of inheritance

pattern?

Incomplete dominance – Neither allele is dominant to the other, the heterozygote is a mix between the two alleles

RR R’R’R’R

What kind of mutation happened from the original strand of DNA

to the copied strand?

Original: ATC GCC TTA CGA

Copied: ATC CCC TTA CGA

Point MutationATC GCC TTA CGAATC CCC TTA CGA

What sex chromosomes do:

A.Males have?

B.Females have?

What sex chromosomes do:

A.Males have? XY

B.Females have? XX

What do the following things represent in a pedigree:

1. Square that is filled in

2. Circle that is left open

1.Square – male w/ the trait

2. Circle – female w/o the trait

Which term best describes the genotype of individual II-4:

homozygous dominant

heterozygous

homozygous recessive

Homozygous recessive: 1st generation does not express the

trait while offspring does

What is the enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases in DNA before replication? (Unzips the DNA)

Helicase Remember: enzymes usually end

in “ase” “Helic” sounds like “helix” – it is

separating the double helix

Which term best describes the genotype of individual III-10:

homozygous dominant

heterozygous

homozygous recessive

Heterozygous: II-7 is homozygous recessive and HAS to pass on a

recessive allele to her offspring.

III-10 doesn’t express the trait, so she must have 1 copy of the dominant

trait.

Transcribe the following DNA sequence into RNA

AATGGACTC

AATGGACTC

UUACCUGAG

Where does translation occur in

a cell?

At the ribosome.

The picture blow represents which type of inheritance

pattern?

Codominance: The alleles are like co captains - both are distinctly present in the

heterozygote

CWCW CRCR

RWRW

CWCR

Where does DNA replication occur in

a cell?

In the nucleus.

Where does transcription occur

in a cell?

In the nucleus.

Which DNA strand is constructed incorrectly?

Strand 1

AT

AT

GC

CG

TA

Strand 2

TA

CG

AT

GC

TA

Strand 3

TA

GG

AT

CG

AT

Strand 3

G has to pair with CStrand 1

AT

AT

GC

CG

TA

Strand 2

TA

CG

AT

GC

TA

Strand 3

TA

GG

AT

CG

AT

What is the expected genotypic ratio of the

offspring for the individuals below:

RrBb x rrBB

rBRB RrBB

Rb RrBb

rB rrBB

rb rrBb

1:1:1:1 for all listed in Punnett square

Make a T-chart to show 3 differences between DNA

and RNADNA RNA

DNA RNA Double stranded A pairs with T Sugar is

deoxyribose

Single stranded A pairs with U Sugar is ribose

In what process is DNA copied?

ReplicationSemi-conservative:

1 strand from original copy (blue) w/ 1 new strand (orange)

At the end of Meiosis I are cells diploid or haploid?

HaploidThey no longer have copies from both mom and dad for each chromosome.

If they were diploid, they would have one copy from each parent.

Draw a picture showing the cell below in

Anaphase I of meiosis

What pairs up and then separates during:

A. Meiosis I

B. Meiosis II

(yes – you must get both correct)

A. Homologous chromosomes

B. Sister chromatids

The separation of genetic material is most similar to

Mitosis in which of the following?

A. Meiosis I

B. Meiosis II

Meiosis II

Which of the following undergoes evolution?

Populations

Individual organisms

Species

Communities

Which of the following undergoes evolution?

Populations

Individual organisms

Species

Communities

What is the mechanism (driving force) by which

evolution occurs?

Natural selection is the process that drives evolutionary change

SurviveReproducePass It On

Give 1 example of spontaneous generation that

we learned about in class

•Mice coming from grain

•Maggots coming from rotting meat

•Bacteria and germs from mid air

What is 1 biological reason why an individual organism may be able to

outcompete others for resources?

Many answers possible:

•Beneficial genetic mutation

•Environmental change (climactic/geologic)

•Plague or other disease affects population

What is the mutation that is most detrimental (harmful) to the function of a protein if it appears early in the coding region for a gene? WHY?

Best answers will be one of the following: Nonesense mutation: type of point

mutation that creates a “STOP” codon early and protein synthesis stops.

Frameshift mutation not in a group of 3 bases: changes reading frames from that point onward and thus the order of amino acids in the proteincaused by deletions and insertions

What is the purpose of the following cellular

processes:

A.) Mitosis

B.) Meiosis

A.) Mitosis: process by which the nucleus of a cell divides to create two

new nuclei, each containing an identical copy of DNA (make more

cells)

B.) Meiosis: process by which sex cells are created

Order the following from smallest to largest:

Chromosome, cell, DNA, nucleus, nucleotide

Smallest Nucleotide

DNA

Chromosome

Nucleus

Largest Cell

There were 2 adaptations of the primate eye that

were discussed in lecture.

What are they and why are they significant?

Binocular vision: Better depth perception

Color vision: Easier to spot ripe fruit

You are introducing Louis Pasteur and Gregor Mendel at a party. What would you say about each to highlight their

accomplishments?

Mendel: “Father of genetics”, crossed pea plants, laws of segregation and independent assortment

Pasteur: Disproved theory of spontaneous generation through experiments with broth and airborne microbes, germ theory of disease

A milk snake evolving to look like a poisonous coral snake is an

example of?

ANSWER: mimicry

What is the name we give a structure that an organism no longer uses, but they have it

because their ancestors used it?

Answer: vestigial structures