TURKEY/TÜRKİYEThe Cradle Of Civilizations

Turkey is the cradle of civilizations• The ancient Greeks called the area Anatole,

which the land where the sun rises. The Romans called it Asia Minor, while we call it Anadolu. The word ‘Anatolia’, which refers to the Asian part of Turkey describes a large plateau , which acted as a melting pot for many successive civilizations.The Europen part is called ‘Thrace’ .Its history dates back to before 10.000 BC.

• These civilizations are • the Hittites,• the Urartians,• the Phrygians,• the Lydians,• the Ionians,• the Persians,• the Romans,• the Byzantines,• the Seljuks,• the Ottomans,• AND NOW• THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY.

We are Turkish Population; about 70 million National language; Turkish Capital City; Ankara Land area; 779,452 square kilometres There are 81 cities in Turkey Neighbours; Greece,Bulgaria,Georgia,Armenia,Syria,Iraq,Iran Turkey is the member of NATO(the North Atlantic Treaty

Organization) and OECD,the Black Sea economic cooperation Organization ,the Europen council,the Europen Parlement , the Islamic Conferance Association and an associate member of the Europen Union.

Turkey has a rich flora and fauna. Turkish people are friendly , positive generous and hospitable. They are tolerant to different religions and cultures. Turkey, which is divided into seven geographical regions.

The Traditional Foods Of TurkeyThe rich tradition of the Turkish cuisine is popular throughout the world. It includes a wide variety of hot and cold hors d’oeuvers known everywhere as “meze” a wide selection of grilled meats “kebap” , seafood, stuffed and wrapped vegetables “dolma” savory pastries “ börek”, pilav and dishes with olive oil and butters as well as wide of variety of desserts among them Turkish delight baklava, helva, kadayıf and several puddings.

Dolma

BaklavaTurkish Delight

Turkish tiles and ceramics, rugs and kilims have decorated houses in our country and all over the world. These Turkish crafts are so popular and have great attraction for the tourists.

Turkish Crafts

• THE BLACK SEA REGION is a mountainous area (the Pontic Chain) covered with dense forests

• It is a mainly agricultural region, where corn, flax, fruit trees (hazelnuts, cherries, plums...), tobacco (Samsun, Trabzon), and tea in the eastern part (Rize) are grown.

• Sümela Monastery; • It was founded in the year 386 AD during

the reign of the Emperor Theodosius (375 - 395), legend has it that two priests undertook the founding of the monastery on the site after having discovered a miraculous icon of the Virgin Mary in a cave on the mountain.

• THE MARMARA REGION extends from the European part (Thrace) to the North-West of Anatolia, encircling the Marmara Sea.

İSTANBUL• İstanbul,the only city in the world

built on two continents,stands on both shores of the İstanbul Boğazı(Bosphorus)where the waters of the Black Sea mingle with those of the sea of Marmara.The Golden Horn divides European İstanbul in two.

• İstanbul is a unique link between East and West,past and present.

• İstanbul is not only historic,it is also a magnificent city that is fascinating and vividly alive.

• İstanbul has endless variety:museums,ancient churches,palaces,great mosques,bazaars and the İstanbul Boshphorus.

Hagia Sophia

• İstanbul was the capital of the Roman Empire(330-395),the Byzantine Empire(395-1453) and the Ottoman Empire(1453-1923).There are still a lot of Roman,Byzantine and Ottoman monuments in İstanbul.

• Hagia Sophia(Aya Sofya) is the 4th biggest cathedral in the world and it is a museum now.

• Topkapı palace was the offical residence of the Ottoman Sultans.

• Süleymaniye Mosque was built for Süleyman the magnificent by Sinan the architect.

Topkapı Palace

Süleymaniye Mosque

Martyrs Monument25th April is “ANZAC Day” in Turkey. At that day visitors from Australia, New Zealand, England and France come to Turkey. Our grandparents fought against each other, but today we, their grandaughters and grandsons come

together in friendship

The city of Troy the site of ancient Trojen Wars, is located in western Turkey, where a replica of the famous Trojen

horse has become a favourite tourist attraction.

ÇANAKKALE

• THE AEGEAN REGION extends from the Aegean coast to the western part of Central Anatolia.

• It has popular holiday villages, famous historical and natural sites , all this make the region extremely attractive to the tourists.

• It is also an agricultural region where olives, figs are grown.

• İzmir is the biggest and the most important city in this region.

• Pamukkale, meaning "cotton castle" is a natural site in Denizli Province in south-western Turkey. The city contains hot springs and travertines, terraces of carbonate minerals left by the flowing water.

Denizli-Pamukkale

İzmir

• THE CENTRAL ANATOLIA REGION is an area of the high plateaus of steppe landscapes undergo a heavy erosion. A few volcanic cones and both Mount Erciyes and Mount Hasan are situated in the lunar-shaped landscapes of Cappadocia. The two largest basins are the plain of Konya , where wheat is cultivated.

• There are several lakes of fresh water and marshes, a place of great interest for the naturalist.

Mount Erciyes

Cappadocia• The area is a famous and

popular tourist destination as it has many areas with unique geological, historic and cultural features.

• The region is located southwest of the major city Kayseri .The Cappadocia region is largely underlain by sedimentary rocks formed in lakes and streams.

• The rocks of Cappadocia near Göreme eroded into hundreds of spectacular pillars and minaret-like forms. The volcanic deposits are soft rocks that the people of the villages at the heart of the Cappadocia Region carved out to form houses, churches and monasteries. Göreme became a monastic center between 300—1200 AD.

ANKARA

• Ankara is a very important city because in 1920 Atatürk founded a goverment here.Finally in 1923 Atatürk founded the Turkish Republic and Ankara became the capital city.

TBMM

Symbol of Ankara (Hittite Sun)

• Atatürk is our great leader and reformer. We always remember him with respect.

• Anıtkabir is the mausoleum of Atatürk. Everyday so many people visit Anıtkabir because we are grateful to him. In the museum there you can see Atatürk’s belongings.

• Atatürk loved children and he dedicated 23rd April to the children.

• Turkey is the first and only country to establish ‘’Children’s Day’.Every year,on April 23,the country rededicates itself to honoring and cherishing children and the freedom and independence of all people.Children from all over the world come and join this festival.

• In 1979 UNICEF recognised this day as International children’s day.

Children’s Day

• THE EASTERN ANATOLIAN REGION is Anatolia's largest and highest region .The two highest points are Mount Suphan in the north-west of Lake Van, and Mount Ararat near the Iranian frontier where the legend says Noah's Ark ran aground. The region has the lowest density of population of the country.

Lake Van

Mount Ararat

• THE SOUTH-EASTERN ANATOLIA REGION reveals a uniform landscape with vast stretches of wild or barren wasteland. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers rise in eastern Turkey and meander through the Southeastern Region. Agriculture (wheat, rice, vegetables, fruits and most of all pistachio nuts which are a prime product) is confined mainly to valleys and irrigated basins, and develops considerably due to the vast irrigation project of the south-east (GAP). This project is boosting the economy of the region and the agricultural output of a country which is already one of the few food exporters in the world.

Şanlı Urfa-Pool With Holy Carps

Euphrates River (Fırat Nehri)

• Mount Nemrut was discovered in 1881, but excavation didn't start until 1953.

• The site was constructed by Antiochus 1, who prided himself on his royalty and power. He was deposed in 38 BC by the Romans after a 26 year reign. Antiochus believed himself to be the descendent of Apollo so, he built a statue of himself along with those of Apollo, Zeus, Tyche (Fortuna) and Hercules flanked by a lion and an eagle. An artificial mountain peak of rock 50 meters high is piled between the two ledges of the gods, and some suspect Antiochus' tomb may be underneath it.

• The colossal heads of the ancient gods now lie scattered at the summit of the mountains making an impressive picture at sunset.

Mount Nemrut Central Park

• THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION spreads in the South of Anatolia. The Taurus mountain range, immediately rising from the coastline, is covered with forests .Except for the wide plains of Pamphylia (Antalya) and Çukurova (Adana), the fertile coastal plains are usually narrow. In this region, cotton (60% of the total production), sesame seeds, citrus fruit (over 90%), early vegetables and bananas are grown. Grain is grown in the lake district.

Antalya

Adana

• Isparta is a city of roses.• The main economic

activities of Isparta are rosewater production and handmade carpet making.

• Eğirdir is the name of a lake and of the town.

• The lake lies in the Turkish Lakes Region and is 186 kilometers north of Antalya..

• It is the fourth largest lake in Turkey.

• Lake Eğirdir has two islands, connected to the mainland by a long causeway into the town.

Isparta

Eğirdir Lake

• Sagalassos is an archaeological site in southwestern Turkey about 100 km north of Antalya and 30 km from Burdur and Isparta. The ancient ruins of Sagalassos are 7 km from Ağlasun in the province of Burdur, on Mount Akdağ, in the Western Taurus mountain range.

Burdur-Ruins of Sagalassos

• Hatay (Antakya) is a province in southern Turkey on the Mediterranean coast, with Syria to the south and east, a geographical, economical and cultural region.

• The ancient city of Zeugma was originally founded as a Greek settlement by Seleucus I Nicator, one of the generals of Alexander the Great, in 300 BC.

Hatay

Zeugma mosaic

• Kahramanmaraş was founded as a Hittite city-state 1000 BC. Later, the city was called Germanicia Caesarea in the time of the Roman and Byzantine empires.

• Kahramanmaraş's industry is mainly based on textile and ice cream.

• Mersin, is a large city and a busy port on the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey.

• Corycus (Turkish: Kız Kalesi)was an ancient city in Cilicia Trachaea, Anatolia, located at the mouth of the Göksu.

Kahramanmaraş

Mersin

• Antalya is one of the most ancient cities of Turkey and many historians regard it as the birth place of human civilizations.

• Antalya is Turkey’s principal holiday resort in Mediterranean region.

• Beach holidays in Antalya are main reason why the tourist keep coming back to these beautiful resort.The beaches are very clean many have been awarded the blue flag.While taking your holidays here,you can go some of these popular beaches such as Lara and Konyaaltı.

• There are countless historical and archaelogical attractions in the city.The archaelogical Museum,with remains from the Paleolitic age to Ottoman times, offers the area’s rich history.

• Düden and Kurşunlu waterfalls are two places of natural beauty. The view of the falls are excellent.

• Antalya is also a cultural centre and plays host to many of these events such as the Antalya Golden Film Festival which is an International Eurosia Film Festival and Aspendos International Opera and Ballet Festival.

• Myra is an ancient town in Lycia, where the small town of Demre.

• Myra has rock tombs,the theatre and St. Nicholas Church make it a place worth visiting.

• St.Nicholas , bishop of Myra who became popular as Santa Claus was born in Demre and died here in 342 A.D.Every year in December The St.Nicholas commemoration Ceremony is held and many tourists spend their Christmas holiday here.

• Termessos is the most interesting ancient city.It was built entirely on a mountainous area difficult to access.When you go there you can wander among ruins in a beautiful natural setting.

• Side is one of the best known classical sites in Turkey.This was an ancient harbour whose name meant ‘pomegranate’. When you visit Side, you can see the Temple of Apollo.

• Aspendos is known for having the best-preserved theatre of antiquity. The theatre was built in 155 B.C by the Greek architect Zenon. The theatre hosts the annual Aspendos International Opera and Ballet Festival has been organized since 1994, with international participation of opera and ballet companies and an audience of about 10,000.

• Agriculture in Antalya• It plays a major role in the

Turkish economy.The main crops are citrus fruit such as oranges , lemons and also wheat,cotton,vegetables,fruits etc.

• Tourism in Antalya• Antalya is the touristic center

of the region -with its hotels, bars, clubs, restaurants, and shopping centers .

Made by;Fırat İSKENDERKübra BAYRAKTARBetül KOPARANAli HAZIREzgi ÖZER

NEVZAT SAYGAN LEVENT SAYGAN ANATOLIAN HIGH SCHOOL