AFL2602/202/1/2018

Tutorial letter 202/1/2018

Understanding African Management Practices as Reflected in African Languages Literature and Texts

AFL2602

Semester 1

Department of African Languages

IMPORTANT INFORMATION:

This tutorial letter contains important information about your assignments.

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FEEDBACK QUESTIONS Please note that the feedback on this assignment is included in the following languages in this tutorial letter: English, isiZulu, isiXhosa, Sesotho sa Leboa, Setswana, Sesotho, Siswati, isiNdebele, Tshivenda and Xitsonga. NOTA BENE (NB) Students are expected to present their own ideas/views/findings which may include among others the following points. Being a general paper there is no reason to fail a student who presents and substantiates his/her views.

English

Unique No: 841659 Assignment 20

1. Women exercise great power in African societies with regard to leadership roles. Discuss this statement with reference to the role of a woman in the management of an African community. Illustrate your discussion with examples from main African literary texts. /25/

African women exercise great power in the management of the society. In many instances this is achieved indirectly through influencing their husbands, brothers and male children in important matters affecting the management of families, tribes and nations. In some African societies women can be installed as headmen and chiefs, whereas some can be head of families. The aunt (a man’s sister), especially the eldest sister is very important in her family of birth regarding management of the family. For any important decisions taken in the family, the sister must be consulted. For example, matters affecting marriage processes, ritual performances and solving family disputes cannot be finalised without consulting with the sister. The sister has an important role to play in the management of the tribe and the nation. She is not directly involved with the running of the tribe or nation, but makes important decisions regarding management. For example, she is responsible for the choice of a woman who bears the future chief or king. She resolves problems regarding chieftainship disputes. Together with the senior people in the royal house she is responsible for the choice of the successor.

2. African literature abounds stories of repression of children by the head of the

family as far as decision making that affects their lives is concerned. Discuss this statement with reference to literary texts in your main African language. /25/

Oppression of children

A family is a small group of people united by the ties of marriage, i.e. husband, wife and children. African families may consist of the man (head of family), wife and children, and sometimes the extended family

Many families are headed by men, with very few headed by women, for example single parent families and families of medicine persons.

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Among the duties of the head of an African family, are

the choice of spouses and careers for his daughters and sons.

type of dress for the children.

Commands are not challenged and the children cannot say no.

This role is always accompanied by conflicts in the family.

Children regard this as a form of oppression and respond to this by protesting against decisions made by their parents.

In most traditional societies children are there to be seen and not heard. 3. Proverbs are aspects of language which have played an essential role in the lives

of the African people. Discuss this statement with regard to the role played by proverbs in African societies and supporting your answer with relevant examples from your main African language. /25/

Role of proverbs Proverbs have many roles to play – they: Express social approval and disapproval. Ridicule those who deviate from the norm – people were expected to conform. Advise, warn, counsel members of the community. Were a philosophical way of teaching and inducting the young into the society where

they were born. They were moral lessons. Are source of wisdom – they would quote them in the same way a preacher quotes a

verse. They were used in courts to sway the verdict. In African culture, proverbs are also used to express heredity, upbringing, upliftment

and inspiration. A proverb such as a duiker will always bear a duiker reveals that genetics always shapes its way through genealogy.

Proverbs are a literary genre that was used by African traditions for a lot of purposes such as providing warning against the dangers of pride, ingratitude, abstinence, lack of humanness, lack of good moral nature, dishonesty, cunningness as well as unfaithfulness.

Proverbs are also used to express ungratefulness, inhumanity or hatred. A proverb warns people to caution their muscle over other people`s assets. On a high note, proverbs are also used to express friendliness such as a friend is closer

and morevaluable than a blood relative. A friend can be more reliable, helpful and trustworthy than a blood relative.

Role of proverbs

Proverbs were also extensively used to sustain and preserve the African languages.

They reminded the people of the values that a linguistic and cultural group held dear.

Proverbs were used to sustain the morality of the people and were constructed by making comparisons with life in the physical and cultural environment, in order that the good from animals and nature was learnt and deviant behaviour was discouraged.

African proverbs show how language was sustained because authentic words and phrases were taught over and above the moral lessons.

Express social approval and disapproval.

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Ridicule those who deviate from the norm – people were expected to conform

To advise, to warn, to counsel members of the community

They were a philosophical way of teaching and inducting the young into the society they were born in. They were moral lessons.

4. Discuss the role of riddles in developing a child entirely in African societies.

/25/

Guidelines Here we look at the riddle as an aspect of the people’s culture as verbal art and it is also an aspect of traditional literature. We can define it from a sociological point of view or as a social phenomenon. In this case, it is a form of entertainment, an indoor game commonly indulged in around a fire at night by the young of the village. It is an obscure metaphor that calls for the exercise of intellectual skills in answering it.

Riddles stimulate and sharpen the intellect of young members of a community, sustaining their independent thought;

They help the children to become innovators who know their surroundings well and to be able to solve problems;

They help the children to acquire a wide range of knowledge from observation of the physical environment, human behaviour, on how society is organised and operates, on how animals and other living organisms behave;

They are also used as seeds that refine the cultural norms and values of a particular society. They also improve the ability of young members of a community to interact with other people in a sociable and harmonious manner, thereby promoting unity and group cohesion;

A wide array of knowledge would be acquired through riddling. This included knowledge of human physiology, certain plants and trees, behavioural patterns of certain animals, mathematical concepts, colour terms, language skills and life in general.

All riddles deal with language skills. Children are taught how to form meaningful sentences in simple language as well as in poetic language when they pose riddle questions. Children are also introduced to a variety of vocabulary items. Riddles also have the potential to introduce new onomatopoeic words in a language. Onomatopoeia provide the means for the expression of shades of meaning that words like nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs alone cannot convey.

Analytic skills are also exercised due to the fact that often the description given in a riddle is obscure.

More roles of Riddles They are a didactic device used to sharpen and stimulate the intellect of young

children. Riddles sustain their independent thought, helping them become innovators who are more aware of their environment, making them more observant and they develop their problem-solving skills.

Language skills were enhanced. Children were taught how to use meaningful sentences in simple language as well as in poetic language. They were introduced to a variety of vocabulary items, including onomatopoeic words in a language

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Riddles improve the ability of young members of a community to interact with other people in a sociable and harmonious manner, thereby promoting unity and group cohesion

Linguistic skills development: vocabulary; sentence construction Intellectual or mental development: problem solving and analytic skills Environmental awareness: fauna and flora --- occurrence, structure, use, protection

and survival Social development: partnership/ team work; cooperation

TOTAL MARKS: [100]

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isiZulu

Inombolo eyingqayizivele: 712492 Isivivinyo 21

IMIBUZO NEZIMPENDULO 1. Chaza ngokulangazelela okugqugquzelwa uthando lomhlaba kanye nenhloso

yokuvikela “izwe lobabamkhulu” ubhekise kokushiwo emibhalweni yesiZulu ngodaba lomhlaba.

Imibono ngomhlaba: ● Uthando lomhlaba luyalingana nokuvikelwa nokufa ● Umhlaba yinto engathengisi ● Umhlaba uwuphawu lomcebo ● Umhlaba uwuphawu lwamandla ● Umhlaba impahla yokhokho ● Umhlaba "into enhle" ● Umhlaba impahla elawulwa ngokuhlanganyela ● Umhlaba impahla echaza kokubili inkululeko nobugqila babantu ● Umhlaba uwuphawu lomama (Umfundi angathi ukuchaza.) /25/ 2. Xoxa ngendima yobuholi edlalwa abantu besifazane ekuphathweni komphakathi

wama-Afrika. Sekela impendulo yakho ngezibonelo ezithathwe emibhalweni olimini lwesiZulu.

Ngokuvamile kuvunyelwe ukuthi imiphakathi yase-Afrika ibeka ngokusemthethweni ukufinyeza amandla abesifazane ekuholeni. Kodwa-ke, sekuye kwaqapheleka ukuthi abesifazane bakhombisa amandla amakhulu emiphakathini evimbela ukufinyelela kwabo emandleni okuhola. Baneqhaza abalibambayo kubayeni babo, kubafowabo ezinganeni mayelana nezindaba ezibalulekile zokuphathwa kwemindeni, izinhlanga nezizwe. Lesi sitatimende kumele kuxoxwe ngaso kubhekiswe endimeni edlalwa ngabesifazane ekuphathweni kwemiphakathi yamaZulu. Izibonelo ezifanelekile kumele zithathwe emibhalweni yababhali besiZulu ngabantu besifazane abakhombise ubuholi. /25/ 3. Ikhona i m i b h a l o yes iZulu eveza ukuhlukunyezwa kwamalungu omndeni

yalabo abaphethe leyo mindeni ngokuwathathela izinqumo ngezinto ezithinta izimpilo zawo. Xoxa wenabe ngalo mbono ubhekise kuleyo mibhalo ethinta lolu daba.

Inhloko yomndeni inendima okufanele iyidlale ekuphathweni komndeni. Ilungiselela abashade nabantwana, ubapha ukuphepha futhi ilawula ukukhishwa kwemikhosi. Futhi unesibopho sokwenza izinqumo mayelana ne ukuphathwa komndeni ezindabeni eziningi phakathi kokukhethwa yibo abashadile ngamadodakazi akhe namadodana akhe. Angase akhethe imisebenzi egameni lezingane zakhe. Thola ezinye izibopho zenhloko yomndeni.

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Inhloko yomndeni kufanele ihlinzeke abafazi bayo nezingane ngezidingo zansuku zonke. Umfazi ngamunye kufanele anikezwe indlu yakhe kanye nensimu. Kumele futhi iqinisekise ukuthi zonke izingane zimbethe, ziya esikoleni sesimanjemanje, ziya esikoleni samazinga sokuqala imfundo, nokunye. Kwezinye izimo inhloko yomndeni ezinganeni zayo iba umthombo wengxabano. Njengomhlinzeki ngezinto zokuphila zansuku zonke, uma isinqumo sayo singathathwa kuba khona ukujeziswa okukhona ezinganeni. -Umfundi kumele anikeze izibonelo zemibhalo eveza ukuhlukunyezwa kwamalungu omndeni. /25/ 4. Izinkomo zaziyinto eyaziswa kakhulu emiphakathini yase-Afrika. Xoxa ukuthi lesi sitatimende siliqiniso kangakanani ubhekise ekusetshenzisweni kolimi oluphathelene nezinkomo kuyo yonke imikhakha yempilo yabantu base-Afrika. Olimini lwesiZulu, igama elithi ‘inkomo’ noma elithi ‘izinkomo’ likhombisa ukuthi inkomo yayaziswa kakhulu.

Uma kushadiselwana, ‘izinkomo’ zazisetshenziselwa futhi zisasetshenziswa nanamuhla ukwakha ubuhlobo phakathi kwemindeni eshadiselanayo.

Uma umuntu elahlwe yicala ngento ayenzile, ‘inkomo’ noma ‘izinkomo’ yizona ezisetshenziswa njengenhlawulo ukwesula lelo cala.

Ziningi izaga esiZulwini eziphathelene nenkomo noma izinkomo, isibonelo – Enethunga ayisengeli phansi,inkomo enomlomo kayinamasi, inkonyane enhle ngamakhothwa ngunina, etc. (Izaga ezinikezwe ngabafundi kumele zihambisane nencazelo yesaga bese isho futhi ukuthi isaga sizetshenziswa uma kwenzejani enkulumeni.) /25/ AMANQAKU EWONKE: [100]

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isiXhosa

Inombolo ekhethekileyo: 774648 Umsebenzi 22

UMBUZO 1 Amaqhalo aluhlobo loluncwadi oluthi lusetyenziswe sisizwe samaXhosa lusetyenziselwa imisebenzi emininzi. Xoxa kuthi ngco kuwe ngeminye yale misebenzi, uze unike imizekelo efanelekileyo. /25/ IMPENDULO Umfundi anganika aze axoxe ngemisebenzi yamaqhalo enjengale: i) Anonga atyebise intetho. ii) Ayafundisa kuba anika ulwazi. iii) Alondoloza ulwimi kuba amagama athande ukuduka kwintetho yemihla ngemihla

ayafumaneka kumaqhalo. iv) Aneziyalo. v) Anika iingcebiso. vi) Ayakhuthaza. vii) Anguvimba okanye umthombo wolwazi.

UMBUZO 2 Iintsomi zidlala indima ephambili ekufundiseni abantwana kwanokulondolozwa kwenkcubeko yesiXhosa. Sebenzisa imizekelo ethatyathwe kwintsmo ozikhethele yona yesiXhosa ukuxhasa le mbono. /25/ IMPENDULO Umfundi uya kuthi akhethe intsomi, aze abonakalise indima eyidlalayo ekufundiseni abantwana kunye nokulondoloza inkcubeko yamaXhosa. UMBUZO 3 Xoxa kuvokotheke ngendima yamaqhina ekuphuhliseni umntwana ngokupheleleyo kwisizwe samaXhosa. Ingxoxo yakho mayikhatshwe yimizekelo efanelekileyo. Umfundi uvumelekile ukuba anike nayiphi na impendulo echanekileyo. /25/ IMPENDULO i) Ulonwabo. ii) Imfundiso. iii) Uqeqesho lwengqondo ekucingeni nasekugcineni. iv) Udlamko. v) Ulwazi. vi) Ukuqhula.

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UMBUZO 4

Nika uluvo lwakho ngemiba engomhlaba kwakunye neendlela abathi abantu abangamaXhosa banxulumanise ngayo le miba nentlalo yabo ngokuthi uxoxe ngemizekelo yesiXhosa ebhekiselele kwimibongo okanye iintlobo zoluncwadi zesiXhosa ozikhethele zona. IMPENDULO Umfundi kulindeleke ukuba aphefumle ngoluncwadi lwesiXhosa oluxhiba ludalanca imiba yomhlaba kunye neendlela abathi abantu abangamaXhosa banxulumanise ngayo le miba nentlalo yabo. Umfundi wamkelekile ukuba asimelele ngababhali abahlukeneyo boluncwadi lwesiXhosa. /25/ AMANQAKU EWONKE: [100]

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Sesotho sa Leboa

Nomoro ya moswananoši: 648121 Asaenmente 23

POTŠIŠO 1 Temogo ya tikologo le ya mmele wa motho ke tše dingwe tša dithuto tše ngwana a di fiwago ke dithai (dinyepo). Hlaloša taba ye gabotse, o e fahlela ka dithai tša maleba. Dikarabo di tla akaretša dintlha tše di latelago: - Dithai di loutša mogopolo wa ngwana - Di mo kgontšha gore a be le boikgopolelo bja maleba. - A be le botšweletši le go tseba tikologo ya gabo gabotse. - Di ba thuša go rarolla mathata. - Ka ge dithai di thelwe godimo ga gore bana ba tsebe tikologo ya bona, ba buna tsebo

ye ntši ya tikologo ka go dira seo. - Dithai di ba kgontšha le go tseba mekgwa ya batho, ka fao setšhaba se dutšego le go

šoma ka gona, le kao diphoofolo le diphedi tše dingwe di itshwarago ka gona. - Dithai di dirišwa bjalo ka dipeu tšeo di betlago ditumelo le ditlwaelo tša setšo sa

morafo wo o rilego.

Di kgontšha baswa go ikgokaganya le merafo ye mengwe ga bonolo, le go hlohleletša kgokagano le tlemagano ya merafo. Ye e latelago ke mehlala ye mengwe ya dithai tša go amana le mebele ya batho:

- Thai! Kgomo tšešo di šitwa ke go namela thaba. (lit. my family’s cattle cannot climb the mountain).

Ke: Ditsebe (Ears) - Thai! Khulong yešo e ageleditšwe ka lešaka le lešweu. (lit. my family’s red ox is kept

in the white kraal). Ke: leleme. (tongue)

- Thai! Hlagana sa mae rwe, se tletše mae rwe. (lit. the nest is full of eggs). Ke: meno (teeth). /25/ POTŠIŠO 2 Ka diema tše tharo fela re kgodišetše gore bagologolo ba re lemoša bohlokwa bja motho wa mosadi lapeng la Seafrika. Ye ke ye mengwe ya mehlala ya diema tšeo di ka go dirišwa dikarabong go tiišetša kgopolo ya gago.

- Mmago ngwana o swara thipa ka bogaleng. (Mosadi o a ema ema ge go le bothata) - Mmago motho ga a ana bosehlanyana. (Mmago motho o no ba bohlwa le ge a se na

le sa gagwe). - Mma ba a fana balemi, dibodu di fana leleme. (Batho ga se ba swanela go etiša

leleme pele, go feta go šoma)

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- Mosadi ke tšhwene o lewa mabogo. (Botse le go kgahliša mosadi ke ge a le seroto medirong) .

- Mma, di edile ditsela, bofa setlhako o kgwahliše. (Ge motho a na le kgotlelelo, phegelelo le maikemišetšo, ga go seo se ka mo šitago).

/25/ POTŠIŠO3 Ahlaahla pego ye e latelago ka mehlala ya Sesotho sa Leboa gomme o bapetše gore leleme lefe kapa lefe (goba setšhaba) sa Yuropa. ‟Afrika e bona taba ya taolo ya naga le sekgoba ka mahlo a go fapana kudu le dinaga tša Bodikela”. Karabo e ka akaretša dintlha tše di latelago: - Go ratwa ga naga go lekantšwa le tšhireletšo ya naga yeo e hwago; - Naga bjalo ka bohwa bjoo bo ka rekwego goba bja rekišetšwa; - Naga bjalo ka seka sa lehumo; - Naga bjalo ka seka sa maatla; - Naga bjalo ka bohwa bjoo bo tšwago go bagologolo; - Naga bjalo ka selo se se botse; - Naga bjalo ka bohwa bjoo e swanetšego go ba bja batho bohle; - Naga bjalo ka bohwa bjoo bo hlalošago tokologo le bokgoba bja batho; - Naga bjalo ka seka sa bomma. - Polelo e bonwa bjalo ka mokgwa wa motho wa go itšweletša dipolelong tša Maafrika

mekgweng ya go bala. - Naga mono e bonwa bjalo ka karolwana ya lefase yeo e lego ya motho goba batho. - Ke karolo ya lefase yeo e swailwego ke tša sepolotiki goba e le go ya motho yo

mongwe. - Naga e ba le khuetšo go tša sepolotiki, leago le mašeleng. - Afrika le dinaga tša Bosobela di fapana kudu ka taolo ya naga le lefelo. - Dintlha tšeo di ama go laola naga magareng ga batho le mmušo le magareng a botho

ka bo bona. - Go dumelwa gore naga e se be fela mollwane wa polelo fela, eupša e ame tša

sepolotiki, le leago. /25/ POTŠIŠO 4 Bohlokwa bja hlogo ya lapa la Seafrika la go etwa pele ke monna bo na le go fela bo šomišwa bošaedi. Ikgethele sengwalo sa Sesotho sa Leboa se o ka re laetšago ka sona gore banna ba mohuta woo ba šomiša boetapele bja bošaedi bjang baneng le balekaning ba bona. - Monna o fela a tšweletša mafokotšana ge a etile lapa la Seafrika. - O fela a kgethela barwedi le barwa balekani ba bona, seo e lego phošo kudu. - O ba kgethela le mešomo yeo ba ka go e dira bokamosong bja bona. - Banna ba dumelela kgoši go tšea barwedi ba bona. - Monna o tshepiša morwedi wa gagwe lehu ge a sa dumele go nyalwa ke kgoši; - Banenyana ba gapeletšwa go nyalwa ke banna ba bagolo le ge ba sa ba nyake e le

ge go kitimišitšwe lehumo. - Basadi ba gapeletšwa go thekga banna diphethong tše bjalo; - Bana ga ba fiwe nako ya go fa maikutlo a bona ge go tšewa diphetho; - Le ge go thwe nama kgapeletšwa e phuma pitša, seema seo ga se išwe felo;

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- Bana ba a bethwa le go rakwa ge ba gana go nyalwa ke balekane bao ba ba kgethetšwego ke batswadi;

- Puku ye nngwe le ye nngwe e ka kgethwa go tiišetša kgopolo ye ya kgatelelo ya basadi le bana. /25/

PALOMOKA: [100]

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Setswana

Nomoro ya tlhaolo: 740067 Asaenemente 24

Potso 1 Moaforika le leburu, bobedi jwa bona ba senola maikutlo a a tshwanang a go rata naga go tswa mo mabokong. Fela go na la pharologanyo e kgolo gape e e tlhabang fa baboki ba maaforika ba tlhagisa mo pepeneneng ntlha e ya khutsafalo ya bona. Ba rothisa dikeledi go lelela naga ya borrabonamogolo e ba e amogilweng ka dikgoka ke batho ba ba nang le maatla le dithata tsa go lwa mo lefatsheng. Ba tlhobotswe ditsabona go tshwana le lefatshe le ba ka bong ba lema mo go lona go bona madi go tswa mo dijalong gape le lehumo go tswa mo meepong. Mabapi le pharologano e e leng teng magareng ga dikakanyo tsa maaforika le tsa ba Bophirima malebana le bong jwa naga, ka mafoko a mangwe, mogopolo tebang le naga jaaka e le thoto e e ka se keng ya rekwa, gape le naga go dirisiwa go bona bomosola jwa yona. Ela tlhoko dikakanyo le dikao tse di neilweng ke moithuti mongwe le mongwe. Aba maduo ka tshwanelo. /25/ Potso 2 Mo merafeng ya maaforika, bogologolo go ne go dumelesegile semmuso gore mosadi ga a tshwanela go nna moeteledipele wa setšhaba. Le fa go ntse jalo, go lemogile gore basadi ke bona ba ba naang le dithata mo setŝhabeng sona se se ba ganelang go nna baeteledipele. Ba na le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo banneng, bokgaitseding ba bona ba banna le mo baneng tebang le dilo dingwe tse di botlhokwa mo tsamaisong ya malapa, merafe gape le setŝhaba ka kakaretso. Ela tlhoko dikakanyo le dikao tse di neilweng ke moithuti mongwe le mongwe. Aba maduo ka tshwanelo. /25/ Potso 3 Pharologano e e bonalang ya menagano magareng ga maaforika le maisemane e ka tlhalosiwa ka dintlha tse di latelang:

Go ya ka maaforika naga ga e rekiwe, mme e dirisiwa fela.

Go ya ka maisemane, fa o le mong wa naga o na le ditshwanelo tsa go dirisa naga eo go lema mo go yona kgotsa go e dirisetsa meepo

Mogopolo wa maaforika mo ntlheng ya bong jwa naga o tswelela pele ka gore naga ga se ya motho yo o tshelang, ke ya borraronamogolo kgotsa ya bagologolo ka ntlha ya gore ke bona batho ba ntlhantlha go tla mo lefatsheng gape ke baagi ba ntlha mo nageng.

Ela tlhoko dikakanyo le dikao tse di neilweng ke moithuti mongwe le mongwe. Aba maduo ka tshwanelo. /25/

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Potso 4 Tlhogo ya lelapa ke yona e tshwanetseng go fepa le go tlhokomela basadi ba gagwe le bana ba bona. Mosadi mongwe le mongwe o tshwanetse go agelwa ntlo ya gagwe go nna kwa teng le bana ba gagwe le go newa tshimo e a tla lemang mo go yona. Ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, rraagwe bana o tshwanetse go ba apesa, go ba romela kwa dikolong tsa segompieno, go ba romela kwa bojale/bogwera, jalo le jalo. Ka nako tse dingwe, ditshiamelo tsa tlhogo ya lelapa mo baneng ba gagwe di tlhola kgotlhang e kgolo. Jaaka motIamedi le motlhokomedi wa bana ba gagwe, fa e le gore ditshwetso tsa gagwe ga di latelwe, go nna le ka mokgwa o a otlang bana ba ka ona. Gona foo, ke mo go simololang go nna le kgotlhang. Bana ba tshwanetse gore ba tshele go ya ka melao ya gagwe le mo ditshwetsong tse di tsayang ke ena. Ka mafoko a mangwe, ke ena a laolang botshelo jwa bona kae kgotsa kae. Ela tlhoko dikakanyo le dikao tse di neilweng ke moithuti mongwe le mongwe. Aba maduo ka tshwanelo. /25/ PALOGOTLHE: [100]

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Sesotho

Nomoro e ikgethang: 660013 Mosebetsi 25

NB: BAITHUTI BA NA LE BOLOKOLLOHI BA HO NGOLA KA MOO BA KA BANG LE HONA. TATAISO: Araba dipotso kaofela 1. Qoqa ka tema ya boetapele ba basadi taolong ya ditjhaba tsa Aforika. Matlafatsa

karabo ya hao ka mehlala e tswang dingolweng tsa Sesotho.

Moithuti o tla fana ka dintlha tse latelang ho latela kutlwisiso ya hae. Kgaitsedi ya monna e nkwa e le motho wa bohlokwa haholo lelokong, haholo kgaitsedi ya monna e kgolo. Rakgadi eo ho buuwang ka yena mona, ke Rakgadi ho latela kutlwisiso ya MaAforika. Ka rakgadi puisanong ena ho bolelwa kgaitsedi ya ntate, kapa kgaitsedi ya monna. Bakeng sa diqeto tsa bohlokwa tse etswang lelokong, kgaitsedi ya monna e lokela ho reriswa pele. Diqeto tsena e ka ba tsa ho thethesa bohadi, ho phetha moetlo, kapa ho ya lebollong. Rakgadi o fuwe matla a ho rarolla dintwa ka hara lelapa. Ka Sevenda taba ena e ka bontshwa ka diketsahalo tse etsahalang ho Ho felwa nnyi ka Sigogo. Kgaitsedi ya monna e kgolo e lebelletswe ho etsa qeto hodima bothata bo ntseng bo tshohlwa, mme qeto ya hae e tlameha hoba yona karabo. Kgaitsedi ya morena, eo a ka bitswang mofumahadi ka Sevenda o bitswa makhadzi, o na le seabo sa bohlokwa tsamaisong ya morabe. Ha a kene ka ho otloloha tsamaisong ya morabe, empa o etsa diqeto tsa bohlokwa mabapi le tsamaiso ya morabe. O ikarabella kgethong ya mosadi ya tla beleha morena wa ka moso. Moo ho nang le dingangisano tsa borena o ikarabella ho di rarolleng. Boetapele ba MaAforika bo a sielanwa, ke lefa. Leha ho le jwalo, mabapi le hore mojalefa e tla ba mang, batho ba seng bakae motseng ba tseba taba ena. Baena le dikgaitsedi tsa morena ya busang, haholo kgaitsedi e kgolo, ke bona batho ba tsebang hore mojalefa e tla ba mang. Hangata, ka mora lefu la morena, dingangisano di a hlaha hara baholo ba setjhaba mabapi le mohlahlami.

Dikarolo tse fapaneng tsa motse wa moreneng di tla tshehetsa e mong wa ba ka bang bajalefa. Lentswe la kgaitsedi e kgolo ya morena tabeng ya hore ke mang ya tla ba mohlahlami ke la qetelo. Ke yena ya nkwang e le motho ya sa yeng ka leeme sebakeng sa ngangisano ya mofuta ona. Ntlheng ya ho hlokahala ha morena ya busang, lekgotla la morabe le buisana le yena, kgaitsedi e kgolo ya morena, ditabeng tsa bohlokwa tsamaisong ya morabe. /25/

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2. Ditaba tsa mobu kapa lefatshe di pelong ya moAforika hoo o fumanang bangodi le diroki di bua ka taba ena. Ngola ka maikutlo a mongodi kapa seroki, mme o manolle se fuperweng ke sengolwa seo.

Moithuti o tla fana ka dintlha tse latelang ho latela kutlwisio ya hae. E akaretsa dintlha tse latelang: • Lerato la naha le tshwana le tshireletso ya naha le ho e shwela • Naha ke thepa e ke keng ya rekwa/rekiswa • Naha ke sesupo sa leruo • Naha ke sesupo sa matla • Naha ke ntho ya botle • Naha ke thepa ya bohle • Naha ke thepa e bontshang tokoloho le bokgoba ba batho • Naha ke sesupo sa mma-bohle Mantswe ana a mabedi – naha le sebaka, a na le moelelo o tshwanang, o bolelang sebaka. Ho leka ho utlwisisa lefatshe le tsohle tse teng, re tla lokela ho mamela nalane ya batho ba habo rona e fetoletsweng dipaleng … MaAforika Borwa… jwaloka ha e hlaha dinoveleng (dipaleng) tse tharo tse latelang tse ngotsweng ke boradipale ba Aforika e ka Borwa ka sebaka, tikoloho le naha. Naha ke thepa eo ho seng motho a ka e tsekang hore ke ya hae a le mong; o tswallwa ho yona ke batswadi ba hae, bao le bona e neng e le dihlahiswa tsa diketsahalo tse tshwanang. Ke ka lebaka lena MaAforeka a nehang Badimo ba bona le kapa ba tlileng pele, maemo a ho ba beng ba naha, mme Vera (1993:43) o pheta ka totobalo tiiso ena tjena: Naha e keke ya eba ya motho. Re keke ra mo fa naha efe kapa efe hobane naha ha se ya ba phelang. Ha re ntse re phela re mesatsejweng mona. /25/ 3. Ditshomo, di sebediswa ke maAforika ho fetisa meetlo ho meloko e metjha. Sebedisa

bonnyane tshomo e le nngwe ya boikgethelo ba hao ho matlafatsa karabo ya hao.

Ditjhaba tsa boholoholo tsa MaAforika di bone hore dithuto tse molemo tsa boitshwaro ba bona di a bolokeha le hore di ntshetswepele di netefatswe

Dithimo tse ngata tse fapaneng di kenyelletsa ho tshepahala, tshebetso-mmoho, toka, botshepehi, ho thusaana le tlhokomelo di a fetiswa.

Bana ba ba hola ba hlokomediswa phapang pakeng tsa bobe le botle.

Ba ithuta ka moo ba tswang teng le ka diboko le setjhaba.

Ba ithuta ka dintho tse tlamehang ho phengwa le dithloko tse tlamehang ho bolokwa hore ba kgone ho boloko boitsebo ba bona

Boithabiso: di etseditswe ho ithabisa le ho boloka bana ba qakehile – ho ba phemisa botloko- tsebe /25/

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4. A na dikapolelo di ntse di bapala tema ya bohlokwa setjhabeng sa Aforika? Tshehetsa karabo ya hao ka mehlala ho tswa Sesothong.

Moithuti a fane ka mehlala ya dikapolelo tsa Sesotho. Dikapolelo di bapala tema e kgolo ditjhabeng tsa Aforika: Di hlahisa ho amoheleha le ho se amohelehe setjhabeng. Di kgalema ba hlahlathang- batho ba lebelletswe hore ba boloke melao. Ho eletsa, ho hlokomedis, ho kgothatsa maloko a setjhaba. Ke mokgwa wa ho nahana o isteng wa ho ruta le ho kenya batjha setjhabeng seo ba tswalletsweng ho sona. Di fetisa thuto/ Ke mohlodi wa tsebo – di qotswa ka mokgwa oo moruti a o sebedisang ha a qotsa temana. Di ne di sebediswa makgotleng hore moqosuwa a ikane. /25/

TOTAL MARKS: [100]

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Siswati

Inombolo lekhetsekile: 695939 Sivivinyo 26

Will be on myUnisa: Additional resources.

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isiNdebele

Inomboro ehlukileko: 850118 Umtlolophenyo 27

Umbuzo 1 Abomma babantu abanekghono nakuza kezoburholi emiphakathini yabantu abanzima. Hlathulula isitatimende lesi ngokuthi uqalise endimeni edlalwa ngumma othileko kezoburholi emphakathini. Sekela ipendulwakho ngeembonelo ezinembako. Uburholi babomma. Abomma babantu abathathwa njengabantu ababuthakathaka. Bathi ngokuya ngokweBhayibheli, bazizitja ezibuthakathaka. Ngakho-ke kumele bahlale emakhaya, babelethe bebakhulise abentwana. Liqiniso, abomma baba barholi abahle ngombana barhola imindeni yabo. Baba ziimbonelo ezihle. Abomma baphethe amakhaya. Abomma nanyana bangekho eburholini ngobunengi, seyiyabonakala indima ebayidlalako. Isib. Umma uNkosazana Dlamini–Zuma ojamele iSewula Afrika ku-eenarheni zangaphetjheya. Umma uWinnie Madikizela-Mandela owabamba umukhwa ngebukhalini waqalana nebandlululo ngemehlweni, umma uHellen Suzman owabe aqalene nebandlululo labantu abanzima, njll. (Umfundi angabala iimbonelo zabomma yena ngokwakhe abantu abaziko.) Imindeni erholwa bomma ikhulise yabe yafundisa abentwana bebaba lilitho emiphakathini. (Namanye amaphuzu angavezwa bafundi kodwana akuvezwe abarholi babomma abaveleleko.) /25/ Umbuzo 2 Tlola amaphuzu azwakalako neembonelo ezihle bonyana uqakatheke ngani ukghari epilweni yamaNdebele. (Bawa isizo kabadala ngombana kuthiwa indlela ibuzwa kabaphambili) Abafundi bangabeka ngendlela bawisisa ngayo nangendlela bafumene ngayo ilwazi emakhaya. Amanye wamaphuzu ngilawa: Ukghari ungudadwabo likababa. Kungaba ngomkhulu namkha omncani kubaba kodwana okuqakathekileko kukobana ungudadwabo likababa. Ukghari uthwathwa njengobaba. Kikho koke okwenzeka epilweni yomuntu ukghari uba yingcenye. Uba yingcenye eenquntweni ezithathwako njengokuwela/ukuthomba, uku- lobola/ukulotjolwa, ukuthatha/ukuthathwa, ukuphahlelwa njll. Ukghari godu uthatha igadango lakababa eenquntweni ezithinta lokhu esele kubaliwe lokha ubaba namkha abosonghwani bangasekho. /25/ Umbuzo 3 Izaga ziyingcenye yelimi eyabe idlala indima eqakatheke khulu emiphakathini yabantu abanzima. Sekela ipendulwakho ngokutlola iimbonelo ezinembako. Izaga zinomsebenzi omkhulu esitjhabeni. Izaga zinunga ikulumo. Isib. Kazi intandani engafiko ilinde umnono. Izaga zizingaba ziinhloko zeendaba,zamanovela njll. Isib. Umntwana ongaliliko ufela embhelekweni. Izaga zandisa ilwazi magama. Izaga zisiza abafundi kobana bakhaliphe eemfundweni zabo begodu bakhambe bayelele. Izaga zihlukaniswa ngemikhakha ehlukeneko, isib. Izaga ezimayelana nokukhuliswa kwabentwana,

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ezimayelana nokuyelelisa, ezimayelana nehlonipho, ezimayelana nokufa, njll. Izaga ezinye zimayelana neenkomo, neenlwana, njll. /25/ Umbuzo 4 Hlathulula indima edlalwa/eyabe idlalwa ziinrarejo ekuthuthukiseni abentwana ngokupheleleko emiphakathini yabantu abanzima. Iinrarejo midlalo edlalwa bentwana nabadala ngeenkhathi ezithileko. Iinrarejo zenza abalaleleko kobana bakhaliphe engqondweni. Zibasiza kobana ilwazimagama labo linabe. Zenza abafundi bakhambe batjhejile ngombana bangararejwa ngezinto ezisebhodulukweni. Isib. Ngento yami ehlala ilihlaza talala! Ipendulo yidorofiya. Kuneenrarejo ezifitjhani, ezinependulo eyodwa njengalesi, ngendlu yami enganawo umnyango, ipendulo liqanda. Kuneenrarejo ezide nependulo yazo iba yide, Isib. Ngekosi yami ethi nayidlulako abantu bayo bathi rhiya phasi. Ipendulo mumoya kanye notjani. Ummoya nawuvunguzako, utjani buyalala. Iinrarejo ezimraro. Isib. Nasi indoda ikhamba nembuzi eyidosa ngentambo, nengwe nayo edoswa ngentambo kanye nomqgomu wesiphila. Indoda le izokweqa njani umlambo nezintwezi ukuze zingadlani. Siyazi kobana ingwe ingadla imbuzi. Imbuzi yona ingadla isiphila. Ngakho-ke, indoda ingawuwela njani umlambo isakhamba nalezi izinto ezibaliweko. Rarulula sizwe. /25/

INANI LOKE: [100]

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Tshivenda Nomboro ya khetheaho: 804938

Asainimente 28

Mbudziso 1 Kha vha haseledze nga ha mbonalo ya Vharema ya vhuṋe ha shango vho zwi livhanya na fhungo ḽi re afho fhasi: Shango a ḽi na muṋe. Ri nga si ṋee muthu shango nga uri shango a ḽi weli kha vha tshilaho. Musi ri tshi khou tshila, u vha e mutshimbili/musili hafha. Heḽi ndi shango ḽashu ro ṋewa nga vhadzimu ḽo tsireledzwa nga malofha. “[Yvonne Vera:Nehanda]The land cannot be owned. We cannot give him any land because the land does not belong to the living. While we live, he is only a stranger here. This is our land given to us by the ancestors... protect it with your blood.” [Yvonne Vera:Nehanda] Kha vha shumise tsumbo u bva kha luambo lwa havho u ṱanḓavhudza muvhigo muvhigo muṅwe na muṅwe. PHINDULO Shango ḽiṅwe na ḽiṅwe ḽi na vhavhusi. Vhuvhusi hovhu hu thoma muṱani musi ṱhoho ya muḓi a tshi langa muṱa wawe. Kha mashango ri wana hu na vhavhusi vhane ha vha vhakoma, mahosi zwa guma nga thovhele. Vhuvhusi honovhu hu vhonala nga mikano ine ya vha hone kha mashango. Mashangoni anea ha vha na zwisi zwine zwa fhambana nga madzina khathihi na vhakoma vhane vha langa zwisi zwenezwi. Kha mashango anea u wana a na madzina ane a sumbedza vhuṋe ha fhethu. Madzina aneo ndi ane a nga sa; Hatshivhasa, Hamutele, Hamasia. Ri dovha hafhu ra vha na madzina a vhathu ane a sumbedza vhuṋe ha fhathu. Aneo ndi ane a nga sa Ṋemusibi, Ṋemapakoni, Ṋemaembeni, na maṅwe. NB: Matshudeni vha nga ṋea phindulo iṅwe na iṅwe ine ya fusha, tenda vha shumisa luambo lwo kunaho. /25/ MBUDZISO 2 Kholomo dzi dzhielwa nṱha nga maanda vhukati ha zwitshavha zwa Vharema. kha vha senguluse fhungo iḽi vho zwi livhanya na matshilele a mvelele dza Vharema. PHINDULO Ee, ndi zwa vhukuma vhukati ha zwitshavha zwa Vharema kholomo ndi zwithu zwa ndeme vhukuma. Musi muṱani wa murema hu na kholomo zwi a lelutshela muṱa wonoyo u kona u malela vhana vhavho vha vhatuka vhafumakadzi. Tshifhingani tsha kale mafhungo a u mala nga tshelede o vha e siho. Gemo ḽa hone ḽa ndaka ya u mala musidzana ḽo vha ḽi ḽa kholomo. Ḽeneḽi gemo ḽo vha ḽi tshi ya nga u fhambana zwi tshi bva kha muṱa uno u ya kha uḽa. Nga nnḓani ha u shumisa kholomo kha lumalo, dzo vha dzi tshi dovha u shuma sa dzone dzine dza alusa zwisiwana na mashaka. Izwi zwo vha zwi tshi itiwa nga nḓila ine tshisiwana tshenetsho kana shaka ḽeneḽo ḽi dzhiiwa ḽa ḓa ḽa dzula afha muḓini hune ha vha na kholomo sa mulisa. Mulisa uyu musi e henefha u fhedza musi o no aluwa a tshi ṋewa thakha (kholomo) dzine dza fhedza dzi dzawe. Kholomo dzo vha dzi tshi dovha hafhu dza shuma u badela milandu. Arali muthu o

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tshinya ho vha hu tshi lavhelelwa uri a badele mulandu we a ita nga u bvisa kholomo. Ri tshi ḓa kha ndimo ndi kholomo dze dza vha dzi tshi paniwa dza lima masimu. Hezwi zwo vha zwi tshi dovha zwa thusa muṋe wa kholomo ane a nga rendelwa u lima masimu a vhaṅwe, vhane vha nga mu badela nga mavhele, luvhele na zwiṅwe zwine zwa nga thusa muṱa wawe. Kholomo kha Vharema dzi amba vhuimo kana lupfumo. Dzi kha ḓi vha dzenedzi kholomo dzi a thusa u nyora masimu, izwi zwi vha hone musi dzi tshi ḽa maṱanga maṅwe a wela fhasi lune nga murahu ha tsinyamaṱanga vha tshi lima fhasi hu vha ho no nyorea. NB: Matshudeni vha nga ṋea phindulo iṅwe na iṅwe ine ya fusha, tenda vha shumisa luambo lwo kunaho. /25/ MBUDZISO 3 Kha vha haseledze nga ha ḽikumedzwa ḽi tevhelaho na tsumbo dzi bvaho kha luambo lwa havho. “Vhadzulapo vha Afrika na vha Vhukovhela vha na kuvhonele ku sa fani zwi tshi ḓa kha vhulanguli ha shango na fhethu.” PHINDULO Ndi zwa vhukuma vhulanguli ha vhadzulapo vha Afrika na ha vhathu vha Vhukovhela a vhu fani. Hune Afrika vhulanguli ha vha ha khosi, kha vha Vhukovhela vhulanguli hu vha ha masipala ane a vha o tou khethwa ngeno Afrika khosi i tshi tou bebelwa u vhusa. Nahone ri wana uri Vharema vha shumisa yeneyo nḓila nthihi ya khosi, ngeno vha Vhukovhela vha tshi thoma nga masipala, ha tevhela muvhusi wa dzingu ha kona u tevhela minisiṱa ane ene a tevhelwa nga khosi. Vhulanguli ha vhupo hohu huvhili ho fhambana vhukuma. Izwi ri zwi vhona na nga kutandululele kwa milandu. Hune Afrika milandu ya tshewa khoroni vhone vha Vhukovhela vha ya khothe dzo fhambanaho. NB: Matshudeni vha nga ṋea phindulo iṅwe na iṅwe ine ya fusha, tenda vha shumisa luambo lwo kunaho. /25/ MBUDZISO 4 Bugu nnzhi dza Vharema dzi sumbedza u tsikeledzwa ha vhana nga ṱhoho dza miṱa zwi tshi ḓa kha u ḓihumbulela. Kha vha sumbedze hezwi nga tsumbo dzi bvaho maṅwaloni a luambo lwa havho. Phindulo: Musi mutshudeni a tshi ṅwala phindulo yawe u tea u vha o ṅwala zwiṅwe zwa zwiteṅwa zwi tevhelaho: Vhana vha nga tsikeledzwa nga u tambudziwa lwa vhudzekani hu nga vha nga muraḓo wa muṱa, nga muthu ane a mu thusa hu nga malume kana khotsi wa u vhumbela. Vhana vha nga tsikeledzwa nga muṅwe ṅwana nge a vha a tshi vhona vhahulwane zwine vha ita kha onoyo ṅwana. NB: Mutshudeni afha u tea u tikedza nga maṅwalwa e a vhala ane a amba nga ha u tsikeledzwa ha vhana kana ṅwana. /25/ ṰHANGANYELO: [100]

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Xitsonga

Nomborofanayoxe: 844429 Asayimente ya 29

XIVUTISO XA 1 Ehleketisisa hi ta ntivovuehleketi bya Xiafrika mayelana na vun’wini bya misava ku ya hi ntshaho lowu landzelaka: “The land cannot be owned. We cannot give him any land because the land does not belong to the living. While we live, he is only a stranger here. This is our land given to us by the ancestors… protect it with your blood.” [Yvonne Vera: Nehanda] (“Misava yi nge vi na n’wini. Hi nga ka hi nga n’wi nyiki misava hikuva misava a hi ya lava hanyaka. Loko ha ha hanya, yena o va muluveri ntsena laha. Leri i tiko ra hina hi nyikiweke hi vakokwa-wa-vakokwana… ri sirheleleni hi ngati ya n’wina.”) [Yvonne Vera: Nehanda] Seketela nhlamulo ya wena hi ku nyika swikombiso swa Xitsonga. Xikombiso xa nhlamulo lexi katsaka swo fana na leswi: Vun’wini bya misava hi vantima no tshemba leswaku va yi nyikiwe hi vakokwa-wa-kokwana va vona. Nkombeto wa matitwelo lama humelerisaka erivaleni ku rhandza tiko ka mulungu na muntima, ngopfungopfu vuxaka lebyi vaka kona ni misava hikwalaho ka swikongomelo swa ku pfuna ka yona na hikwalaho ka swikumiwa swa vurimi. Nkombeto wa ku hambana lokukulu ku nga kona loku vangiwaka hi ku tekeriwa ka vantima tiko na misava ya vona hi valungu na vantima lava tirhisaka matimba ya vona ya mali leyi va yi tirhisaka hi ndlela yo hoxeka ku xava misava na tiko. Languta mhaka ya timayini/migodi na mapurasi na ku rhurhisiwa ka vanhu hi nkanu va tlhela va nga ririsiwi ku ringanela loko va tshuka va tweriwile vusiwana va ririsiwa. Misava – mavonelo yo kanetana loko swi ta eka malawulelo ya yona exikarhi ka Afrika na le Vupeladyambu. Ku endla vuxaka eka nkanelo wa timhaka leti landzelaka hindlela yo pimanisa/fananisa: Mavonelo yo kanetana loko swi ta eka malawulelo ya yona/vun’wini bya yona exikarhi ka Afrika na le Vupeladyambu.

Rirhandzu ra misava ri ringana ni ku sirhelela no fela misava.

Misava i xixavisiwa lexi nga taka xi nga xavisiwi.

Misava i mfungho wa rifumu/xuma.

Misava i mfungho wa matimba.

Misava i xixavisiwa lexi nga xa vakokwa-wa-vakokwana.

Misava i “nchumu wo saseka”.

Misava i xixavisiwa lexi nga xa nhlengelo, a hi xa un’we.

Misava i xixavisiwa lexi hlamuselaka ntshunxeko ni vuhlonga swa vanhu.

Misava i mfungho wa vumanana. /25/

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XIVUTISO XA 2 Mitsheketo, tanihi muxaka wa mfuwo wa rixaka, a yi tirhisiwa hi Vatsonga va khale ku hlayisa na ku hundzisela eka lavantshwa tidyondzo ta nkoka ta mahanyelo lamanene. Tirhisa ntsheketo wun’we kumbe ku tlula ku seketela marito lawa. - Vumunhu lebyi katsaka ku xixima swa vanhu, - ku aka vuxaka, - ku hlayisana, - ku pfunana, - ku vulavula ntiyiso mikarhi hinkwayo; - matekanelo; - ku nyikana tinyiko; - vutshunguri; - ku endla tsima hi xikongomelo xo pfunana na swin’wana u ri karhi u tirhisa ntsheketo

wo karhi. Swi kahle ku boxa vito ra ntsheketo. /25/ XIVUTISO XA 3 Kanela ntirho wa mitshayilo/Switekatekisano eku kuriseni ka n’wana exikarhi ka Vatsonga. Nkoka wa ku tirhisiwa ka switekatekisani Laha hi languta xitekatekisani tanihi xiphemu xa ndhavuko wa vanhu ku fana ni vutshila byo tirhisa marito naswona i xiphemu xa matsalwa ya xikhale. Hi nga xi hlamusela tanihi xihumelelo xa vanhu (social phenomenon). Eka xiyimo lexi, xitekatekisani i ndlela yin’wana yo hungasa kumbe ku titsakisa, ntlangu lowu nga tlangeriwa endzeni ka muako naswona ko tala wu tlangiwa hi lavatsongo va kwala mugangeni va ri karhi va orha ndzilo nimadyambu. I xigego xo ka xi nga twisiseki hi ku olova, lexi lavaka ku tirhisiwa ka vutshila bya miehleketo loko xi hlamuriwa. Vanhu a va nga ta tiphina hi ku tekatekisana loko a swi nga ri na nkoka. 1. Ku lemukisa hi swa mbangu: swiharhi (fauna) ni swimila (flora): Swi pfuna vana ku va

ni vuxiyaxiya hikwalaho ka leswi switekatekisani swo tala swi humaka eka michumu ni swihumelelo eka mbangu wa vana. Hikwalaho, ku tekatekisana ku pfuna vana leswaku va tshama va ri karhi va lemuka no xiyaxiya ndhawu leyi va hanyaka eka yona.

2. Ku kula ka miehleketo Ku tekatekisana swi pfuna ku lota vutlhari/miehleketo, matimba ya byongo, mabyongo ni ku twisisa.

a) Va dyondza ku ololoxa swiphiqo ni ku tirhisa vutlhari ku tumbeta nhlamulo ya xitekatekisani. Endlelo ro tirhisa ririmi ku anakanya ku endlela ku vona loko xilo xin’we xi fana ni xin’wana (Linguistic equations).

b) Ku tekatekisana swi toloveta vutshila byo xopaxopa ebyongweni kumbe emiehleketweni - ku vutisa, ku valanga, ku kambisisa.

c) Va dyondza ku tirhisa minongoti/miehleketo ni mahungu lama se va ma kumeke.

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d) Va dyondza ku kota ku tumbuluxa kumbe ku tisungulela - va tlanga hi ku tirhisa mianakanyo, no fananisa michumu.

e) Va lota no nyanyula miehleketo ya vona. f) Switekatekisani swi tiyisisa ntshunxeko wa vona wo ehleketa, leswi swi va

pfunaka ku va vanhu vo tisungulela lava lemukaka swinene mbangu wa vona, leswi swi va endlaka va va ni vuxiyaxiya swinene, naswona va kurisa vutshila bya vona byo ololoxa swiphiqo.

3. Vutshila bya ririmi a byi tlakusiwa kumbe ku kurisiwa. Vana a va dyondzisiwa matirhiselo ya swivulwa leswi nga ni nhlamuselo leyi twisisekaka hi ririmi ro olova.

Ku tekatekisana swi tivisa vana eka ririmi ra kahle ra vutlhokovetseri. A va tivisiwa eka ntivomarito wa tinxakaxaka ni marito mantshwa eka ririmi.

Switekatekisani swi vumba ririmi ra vana - va katsa ririmi ro gega kumbe mbulavulo lowu nga ni marito yo khavisa.

4. Nhluvuko wa mahanyelo: Ku dyondza ku hanya swin’we tanihi vandyangu.

a) Switekatekisani swi antswisa vuswikoti eka swirho leswitsongo swa vaakitiko ku

va swi tirhisana ni vanhu van’wana hi ndlela ya ximunhu ni ntwanano, leswi yisaka emahlweni vun’we no va vanhu va hlangana va va nyandza yin’we.

b) Vana va dyondza ku hanya tanihi ndyangu, va avelana tanihiloko va hlekelela swin’we va tibela huwa.

c) Va dyondza ku aka tanihi xiphemu xitsongo xa vaakitiko xo titoloveta, ku sirhelelana ni marhengu yo tihanyisa.

d) Va dyondza ntirhisano. e) Vana va dyondza ku rivalelana. Va dyondza ku kanetana hi ku vulavula, ku

hambana hi miehleketo, ku amukela ku hluriwa no tlangela ku hluriwa ka vona ni vahluri.

5. Dyondzo ya mahanyelo/vunene

Swi dyondzisa vana vunene - va dyondza swa kahle ni swo biha. /25/ XIVUTISO XA 4 Hi ku kongomisa eka vatlhokovetseri vo hambanahambana va Vatsonga, nyika vonelo ra vatlhokovetseri va Vatsonga mayelana ni vukati kumbe matekanelo ya manguva lawa ni ya khale. Seketela hi ku tirhisa switlhokovetselo swa vona. U nga rivali ku boxa mavito ya vatlhokovetseri na switlhokovetselo swa kona. Xikombiso, nhlamulo yi fanele ku humelerisa timhaka ta: - ku lovola, - ku hlanganisiwa ka xilungu na xintu, - macatelo, - ku durha ka matekanelo ya manguva lawa ni ya xikhale, - ku hela ka vukati bya kona loko swi tshuka swi endlekile, - matikhomele ya vatekani, - vuxaka exikarhi ka vatekani na vingi kumbe maxaka, na swin’wana. /25/ NTSENGO: [100]