typical field instruments for soil contaminants
DESCRIPTION
TYPICAL FIELD INSTRUMENTS FOR SOIL CONTAMINANTS. Dr. Sakari Halmemies 28 May 2009. Three main levels of evaluation of soil pollution. Screening f.ex. colorimetric method Photoionization Detector ( PID) Field investigation f.ex. field gas chromatography (GC) Laboratory analysis - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
TYPICAL FIELD INSTRUMENTS FOR SOIL
CONTAMINANTS
Dr. Sakari Halmemies28 May 2009
Three main levels of evaluation of soil pollution
Screening f.ex. colorimetric method
Photoionization Detector (PID)
Field investigation f.ex. field gas chromatography (GC)
Laboratory analysis f.ex. gas chromatography and mass
spectrometry (GC/MS)
If sample is taken, a regular sampling network is needed
grey areas are polluted
http://www.rickly.com/sai/images/WHEATONB.JPG
Available field analytic technologies soil contaminants
Colorimetric/turbidimetric testing
Photo/flame ionization detector
Infra red spectroscopy
Gas chromatography
X-Ray Fluorescence http://www.brickhouse-environmental.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/Nosnesky_Field_Analysis.JPG
Colorimetric/turbidimetric methods Screening Method
http://www.clu-in.org/char/technologies/color.cfm EPA has published colorimetric/turbidimetric methods for the
following contaminants: EPA SW-846
Method Number Method Name
8510Colorimetric Screening Procedure for RDX and HMX in
Soil
8515Colorimetric Screening Method for Trinitrotoluene (TNT)
in Soil
8535 Screening Procedure for Total VOH in Water
9074Turbidimetric Screening Procedure for Total
Recoverable Hydrocarbons in Soil
9077Test Methods for Total Chlorine in New and Used
Petroleum Products (Field Test Kit Methods)
9078Screening Test Method for Polychlorinated Biphenyls in
Soil
9079Screening Test Method for Polychlorinated Biphenyls in
Transformer Oil
Colorimetric/turbidimetric methods Screening Method
Range: 0-1000 ppm
Time: less than 5 min/sample
TPH soil test kit - TPH water test kit - Hydrocarbon soil test kit - Hydrocarbon water test kit
www.clu-in.org/char/technologies/images/hanby.gif
The Hanby Field Test Kit
Soil gas sampling with Photo/flame ionization detector (PID/FID)
Soil gas monitoring provides a quick means of waste site evaluation.
Using this method, underground contamination can be identified, and the source, extent, and movement of the pollutants can be traced.
Detailed data: http://www.dem.ri.gov/pubs/sops/wmsr2042.pdf
PID screening can be used to choose samples for GC
Range: 0-2000 ppm
Time: about 5 sec/sample
http://www.hnu.com/images/dl101field_color_lowres.jpg
Infra red spectroscopy Screening Method
Near-infrared reflectance spectrometry (NIRS) could be used to predict total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in contaminated soil.
http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a727073631~db=all~order=page
Near infrared fiber-optic chemical sensor system using reflectance spectroscopic measurements has been assembled.
This system was evaluated and found attractive for remote detection of organics in soils over distances of at least 30 metershttp://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=363367
Field portable FTIR and NIR analyzers
http://www.samwoosc.co.kr/img/asdi.com/AgriSpec_Leafclip_11-04.jpg
http://www.choosetech.com.cn/images/A2%20Technology%20product.png
Gas Chromatography Field AnalysisField analysis
Typical features for field GC-analysis detectors (PID, FID, ECD, TCD, FPD, FUV) temperature programming
Detector Characteristics PID: Organic; inorg.; selective; range: 2 ppb to ppm FID: Organic; selective; range: 100 ppb to ppm ECD: Halogenated, nitro; selective; range: 0,1 ppb
to 100 ppb TCD: Organic, fixed gases; Universal; range: 200
ppm to % FPD: S or P; selective; ppb to ppm Far-UV: Organic, fixed gases; nearly; range: sub
ppm to %http://dsscience.com/upload_goods/311-D%20Portable%20GC_catalogue.pdf
Gas Chromatography Field Analysis
Range: from %- to ppb-levels
Time: 5-10 min/sample
http://dsscience.com/upload_goods/311-D%20Portable%20GC_catalogue.pdf
XRF for fast elemental analysisScreening Method or Field analysis Field portable X-ray fluorescence (FPXRF)
techniques provide viable and effective analytical approaches to meet on-site analysis needs for many types of environmental samples
Applications include the in situ analysis of metals in soils and sediments
More detailed data: Dennis J. Kalnickya and Raj Singhvi: Field portable XRF
analysis of environmental samples
XRF for fast elemental analysis
http://www.edie.net/products/images/2347.jpg
Range: from a 100% to few parts per million (ppm)
Time: from seconds to minutes
Laboratory analysis (GC/MS)
best result
http://toxics.usgs.gov/photo_gallery/photos/pesticides/AnalyticalMethods/AM_GC_MS_lg.jpg
Sources Technologies Characterization and Monitoring
http://www.clu-in.org/characterization/
Dennis J. Kalnickya and Raj Singhvi: Field portable XRF analysis of environmental sampleshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TGF-42M1DXK-9&_user=4246040&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000062624&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=4246040&md5=9acda258927c7ba907e2b9bde31dccda