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THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

28 January 1981

Dear Don,

Thank you for your kind letter of 19 January 1981, on the eve of your departure from the ~ post of Permanent Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations.

Xou know, I am sure, how greatly you will be missed here. ~ ollSn ould t al<e great pride in the host of friends you made for yourself and your country in handling the many difficult issues which confronted you during your years in New York.

As I have said publicly, I consider that you made an outstanding contribution in representing your country at the United Nations. Your dedication and tireless efforts in trying to advance a solution of the Namibian problem were particularly admirable. Moreover, the consistently calm and courteous way in which you discharged the obligations as Representative of the host country were widely appreciated.

It is most gratifying to know that you understand fully the complexity o~ the ta~ks fa~ .t.[ig t~e ~ er§_r_y__­Gen~ and that you will continue to prdmbi:€ suppor t for

~ ed Nations among your countrymen.

I extend my warmest wishes for your good health, happiness and success in ~ your future endeavours.

The Honourable Donald F. McHenry C/o United States Mission

to the United Nations New York

Yours sincerely,

Kurt Waldheim

•

14 -RECci\!iD

•) N : r: ~',81 THE REPRESENTATIVE

OF THE

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TO THE

UNITED NATIONS

January 19, 1981

His Excellency Mr. Kurt Waldheim Secretary General The United Nations New York, New York

Dear Kurt:

I cannot end my service in New York without a personal word to you of my warm appreciation for your friendship and constant eagerness to cooperate in the achievement of the many goals we hold in common. I shall always be grateful for the unstinting response, the pro­fessional support you and your staff have given us over these past four years.

My term as Permanent Representative has only confirmed my strong belief in the fundamental importance to the world of the United Nations idea and organizational system. I have learned through my work here how complex your task is in shaping and guiding the Organization toward a greater success in implementing the ideals and principles of the Charter. Even after my departure from office, I will seek to aid and abet a growing understanding of the Organization and a greater measure of support for you and the United Nations among the American people.

It has been a high privilege to collaborate with you and your colleagues. I extend my most sincere wishes for your continued success in your difficult leadership role.

With admiration and respect, SJ:ly, Donald F. McHenry

His Excellency Mr. Kurt Waldheim Secretary General The Unite d Nations New York, New York

Excellency:

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I have the honor to inform you that the President of the United States has accepted my resignation as Permanent Representative of the United States to the United Nations .

Pending the arr ival of my successor, Ambassador Richard W. Petree will serve as Acting United States Representative to the United Nations.

It has been a particular distinction to serve with you at the United Nations, and I hope that I have made a useful contribution to the objectives of the organization during my service.

Accept, Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration. )

Do~t~ UN-2468/564

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FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS

MAY WE DISCUSS? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER'

YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION

AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU

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NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER

FOR INFORMATION POUR INFORMATION

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Friday, December 5, 1980 The Jerusalem Post Page Fourteen

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The Post's Leon Hadar talks to U.S. envoy to th e UN (~~nald McHenry

AN AMERICAN journalist onct: characteri1.ed Ambassador Donald M1.:lknry as "the quiet A111eri1.:an :1t the UN ...

But the 4.1-year-old dirlomat has hroken his sil<.:nce 011 what suppor­ters in the black 1.:0111mu11ity regard as a se1.:trnd intervention by the "Israel lobby" in an attempt to oust a black dipln1nat as the head of the U.S. delegation .

His aidcs claim the lohhy has ror­trayed the cautious and eomrctent hmeaucrat-intellectual as the anti­Scmitic vilbin of the Cartcr Ad­mini,tration and endorst.:tl New York l'vlayor Edward Koch's di:scrirtion or him as a member or the anti-Israel ··gang of four" in the for..:ign policy cst;1blish111cnt.

This week, a fi;:w months bdore he is to leave his post, McHenry sat with 111e and , srokc slowly. in his somewhat monotonous voice, of his bitterness towards the Israel government for what he calls its campaign lo " get McHenr y." The ca rnra ign follo wed the March I '. =~·-: ··.•.;: C'l1urn.:il vote in which :S.h:l·knry. with 14 other represen­l;1t1vcs, contkmno.:d lsrn..:\i ~ettlc­mo.:nt poli cv. \\ut it "wasn't ver y

'He ho believes

alest inians has gone

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the last few years have no justifica­tion."

The South Arri c a connection "has been a rrnblem," as he rut it: "the arms relationship," former rrimc minister Vorster's visit lo Israel, and various other forms or coorcration.

MCHENRY DISAGREES with the Israeli posit ion that the African pol icy towards the Middle East is based on expectations of financial aid 1·rom the Arab countries .

"I think that too frequently there is this tendency that relates those countries' policies to narrow, selfish motiv es," he sa id. "One should ex­amine the possibility that countries act on the basis or broad princi­ples."

McHenry thinks the world had certain expectations of lsr:icl -that it would stand in the vanguard or the stru ggle for the "have-nots" of the world. These expectations have not been realized , he pointed out.

The American ambassador presented his views on the Middle E.1.~t at a dinner at the: Pic:rre 11otc:I fas t Oct o f->er when he ca lled fn r

SUL "L'L'~.-.. U • IC ,ll l ~(. .

Th..: ro rlll <.:r college tcat.:hcr . ll'hlllll 111a11y obsc rv..:rs p..:r.:eive as a k;1der or the "Third World clique" in the Stall! Oepart111cnt, doesn't hide his disapproval or lsra<.:l's foreign policy and continues lo view the;: Palestinian question as "the key to peace;: in the M icJdlc East."

THE SECURITY Council vote or March I followed llH>_lsrael govern ­ment's dccision to settle in Hebron. It co·ndemncd Israeli settlement poliry and reflected American roreign policy as McHenry and his former boss. Cyrus Vance, per­ceived it.

The vote look place less than four weeks before the · New York prcsidcntial prilllary and Carter, fully aware of the domestic political consequenccs of that vote, was quick to say it was a "m istake ."

Mt.:Henry said th e campaign agains t him which ensued was orchestrated by "ind ividuals and groups ." Some of the blasts came rrom Israel, . some from government offit.:ials. McHenry said: "The kind of things which .ire irresponsible."

Referring to a Newsweek article which claimed that McHenry was "rude" to Prime Minister Begin during their meeting in Jer usalem. he notes : • "That information 1:er­t ai n ly didn't come from the /1. mericans."

With so111c sarcasm, McHenry described his mccting with · Begin: The prime minister had a very busy sche dule. and was interrupted

rcpcatedly by his S(!Cretarics and ,1ides, re111i11ding him of the time. Arter a while, Mcl-lcnry, i1·ritated, told the rrimc 111inistcr that he did 1101 want to wear out his welcome. ("Where I grew up, that :s elemen­tar y politeness." he noted .) At that point. Begin said he had plenty of time and McHenry sald he had plenty of time, and "proceeded to miss a number of appointments."

Mcllenry a lso di smissed .the "horrible story" that appeared in Jack Anderson's co lumn which -b,1sed on Israeli sources - accused the a111bassacJor of ref using to visit

.Yad Vashem . The ambassador mai11t:1ins that "Yad Yashem was put on 111y schedule at 111y_requesl. I Jid go tLJ Yad Yashe111 and par­ticipated in a private mi;:morial ser­vice there." He did not lay a wreath th<.:r<.: be..:ause "it is not the usual practice."

Ill ALSO RECALLED wha t the Israeli press d cs cribcd as his "rudeness" to Prt.:sidcnt Navan .

. Navon had asked Mcllcnry about the b,_11:kground of his family name and he answered "I don't know and I rcally Jon't ca re ."

Thi s is not rudene ss. McHenry said. but a "certain pr agmatism ." "There is somethin g wrong with the minds o l" people who would ta ke an incident like that and try to read

something into it," McHenry ad­deL!.

These incident s arc an expre ssion of"viciousness," McHenr y insisted . "It was used by a number of people. lt was done deliberatel y." He docs

. not want to identify the officials responsible. alth o~1gh, he sa id, "I know who did it and they know."

The incidents arc a rcnccti on of something deeper - a politica l gulf which separates McHenry from Israel and which is hard lo bridge. McHenry doesn't like to be regar­ded as a "black ambassador" and he has emphasi1Cd many time s that he represents the U.S. gLJvcrnn1ent and speaks for the American national interest.

But the a111bassador who grew up in a poor neighbourhood in St. . Louis and participated in the t.:ivil rights strug gles of the 60s, is a part of a new breed, the emerging black politic al and intellectual elite . The most vocal spokesman for that elite is Andrew Young, his predece ssor at the UN :

These blacks identify with the aspirations of the Third World, esrecially of black Africa, an idcn­tiricat ion which is reminiscent of the solidarity American Je ws feel towards Israel. But their identifica ­tion leads many blacks to become more sensitive to Palestinian argu­ments.

A CCO RDING to McHenry. American blacks' awareness of the Third World was at first "emotional and superficial" - a matter of lear­ning Swahili and having an Afro hair cut. But 110w their involvement is "Much more substant ive ... and · based as much on the interest of the U.S. as it is on the perception of the ethnic group."

Thi s perc eption of the inter-. national system leads one to "ac­cept the faet there are problems in the world in addition to the East­West confl ict," Md -Ienry said.

In hi s po s t , he tried to demonstrate that with :111 "orcning" to the Third World, the U.S. can mancuva more i.:asily in the UN :ind !"ind cracks in the ;111t i­Amcriean front. He succe1:ded i11 kccpinL! Cuba out of the Security Co un c il, and gained General Assembly support for a co11d..:111na­tio11 of the Soviet inva sion of Afr.h:inistan and for a call for a withdrawal uf Vietnamese forces , rrom Kampuchea. Youn g and McHenry helped change the image of the U.S. in black Africa.

But the Jewish state has become a burden on the U.S. as it pursues new relations with .Africa and Asia. McH enry appreciates Israel's early supror t for thi.: Ar1·ican countries. But apparentl y that docs not chan ge the grow ing feeling that •·some of the policies Israel has followc~ 1n

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or thc i':i\c s1i11ians." I l c h :,s '"' ' changed his views on the matter since then.

He finds intelligent debate on the subject lacking: "Th en: is rr obably a healthier discu ssion or Israe li policies in Israe l th an in tht.: U.S. Peop le can say anything they wish about our policies in Israel but if the same thing is done in the U.S. one finds himself very frequently con­dcn111ed.''

McHenry stiH think s the Palesti­nian issue is the "cru x" of i11stability in the Mid die East. Ther e arc other rroblcms in the region. he admits. but he ridicules the view prc~cnted by Israeli arnba ssaJor lo the UN Ychuda Blum. Blum argued in the General i\sscmbly that the.: Iraq ­Iran war has proven that the Palesti­nian problem is not the main issue L>11 the 1\-liddlc Eas t agc nda .

"He who belie ves the question of the Palestinians has gone away bct.:ause attention is paid to other problems is a foo l," McHenry said . "That is what Yehuda would like everybody to believe, but Yehuda lives in a dream world, sometimes.''

McHenr y thinks that the West Europeans have not abandoned their peace initiative. "They arc just waiting," ·1ic said.

Docs he th ink the PLO should be involved in the reace pro cess"' "It may be ti111c for people lo free themselve s fro111 the rigidities and cmotionalitics or the past," he answers.

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Donald McHenry is said to be the most effective U. S. chief delegatt in years. He was badly undercut on the Israeli-settlements vot however, and the question is whether his effectiveness can continue.

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Donald McHenry led the U.S. delegation to Nicaragua in Jul y

to t e part in the ce bration of the first annivers ary of the

San inist revolution .

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enough third-world nations ·. who regard Havana as another voice for Moscow and, with some Latin and Western coun-tries, they composed a block­ing third. At one critical point,

tions. Indeed, according to of- saw as the hypocritical as- when it looked as if Cuba were ficials in the State Department saults of dictatorial third- corning close, Mr. McHenry and at least one Israeli diplo- world nations against Ameri- quietly called the attention of mat, the campaign was or- can and Israeli democracies U.N. officials to some suspi-chestrated by Israel's Wash- first led to and then lost him cious double counting. The ington Embassy, a bureau- the job Mr. McHenry now Cuban vote promptly fell back. cratic ploy to explain away its holds. The automatic majority also failure to stop the vote. Mayor But above all, it is the pro- crumbled over Afghanistan . Koch, in an interview with The Arab and anti-Israel label that The Russians vetoed a Se--New York Post, capped the af- pains Mr. McHenry. "There's curity Council resolution de-fair. He called Mr. McHenry a great deal of stereotyping ploring their invasion and de-and Mr. Young, "third-world and prejudice on the Middle manding the withdrawal of oriented and viciously anti-Is- East by all parties," he as- their troops. But this promptly rael." For good measure, the serts. "The Mayor has made it led to an emergency session of Mayor included Mr. Vance very clear that all blacks are the Assembly . Again, with Mr. and Zbigniew Brzezinski in the anti-Jewish. Why are you anti- McHenry playing an unobtru-"anti-Israel" camp. The Sec- Jewish because you're black? sive backstage role, the As-retary of State is said to have Now that's stupid. Now, simi- sembly condemned the Rus-then called Mayor Koch and larly, I think many Arabs sians by an overwhelming 104 questioned his ancestry in make the same mistake. Be- to 18, with most of the non-terms not usually employed by cause you are black, you must aligned nations swelling the a senio r partner in Simpson be pro-Arab. You must some- total. Thacher & Bartlett. Mr. how have some kind of sympa- Earlier, over strong Soviet McHenry also telephoned the thy for their problem, from protests, the Assembly voted Mayor but was, characteristi- their point of view. You take a 91 to 21 to urge the withdrawal cally, restrained. "I told him I great deal of heat in this kind of foreign troops - meaning was disgusted with him . I told of situation if you try and deal Vietnam's- from Cambodia. him I'd be glad to talk with with the problem on its Mr. McHenry's tact, his role him any time he wished . He merits." as quiet Ame1·ic;-in, has been said .he was using colorful Ian- Daniel Moynihan is as well appreciated at the U.N., and, guage. It was irresponsible qualified as any to judge Mr. ultimately, in Washington. An language. The Mayor and a McHenry's alleged softness on Asian diplomat who played a few others were out making Arabs and developing coun- central role in the Cambodian statements that could very tries. He says: "We should use affair says it was vital for the

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l'!trr-,,.,n--n.·rcr I abstained several times since then on Security Council votes rebuking Israel and has vetoed one resolution that called for the creation of a Palestinian state, th e belief persists in some New York circles that he tilts toward the third world and the Arabs.

"I think I have a pretty realistic view of the third­world countries," he says. "They bring to the modern world hang-ups growing out of their past, a whole series of things one can't be na'ive about. On the other hand, I don't believe in confrontation politics; I don't believe in name-calling. I do believe in communication with them, in stating my views, listening to theirs, respecting their views, expecting them to respect mine . I don't believe their problems can be solved in some East-West lens. I'm not surprised, as Senator Moyni­han was, that the third world would speak out on Afghani­stan [against the Soviet inva­sion). After all, it's a non­aligned country. The third world is jealous of its own re­cently won sovereignty."

His scorn for "confrontation politics" was an oblique refer­ence to Mr. Moynihan, whose blunt U.N. attacks on what he

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th an we've had in years . It's largely a question of events . The third world was scared by Vietnam's invasion of Kampuchea [Cambodia] and the Russian invasion of Af­ghanistan. But credit to the man who got those votes."

D Before the fiasco over the Is­

raeli settlements, Donald McHenry demonstrated that the classic anti -American ma­jority of the third world and the Soviet bloc was far more fragile than generally thought. Mor eover, he had made his point operating quietly from behind the scenes rather than leading the charge out front.

He was able to block Cuba from a seat on the Security Council that Havana was con­vinced it would own. After all, the Cubans currently lead the 92 nations wl}o group them­selves as nonaligned and could count on the backing of the Soviet Union and its friends. The confident Cubans sent Foreign Minister Isidoro Mal­mierca Peoli to New York to nail down their triumph . But aft er 154 ballots, the Cubans were still short of the two­thirds in the General Assem­bly they needed for election.

Donald McHenry had found

1vg; ·" n--n 1 East-West s tru gP,le," and he pr aise d Mr. McHenry for "even consulting us on wheth er to speak ." In Wash­inr,ton, a hi1:h official said that "Don persuaded us agains( trying lo lak e over every show, to recognize you've got fri ends and step as ide. That' s sometimes hard. We're a take­charge people. Don sold the Presid ent and the bureaucra­cy, agai nst considerabl e odd s, that it was possible to get sup­port in the U.N ."

Mr . McHenry placed his stamp most firmly on the s tea dy buildup of support in the Security Council for the limit ed pressure the world body exerts to seek the releas e of the American hostages in Iran. All nations communicate throu gh diplomats and all hav e a ve sted interest in the free movement of their en­voys. But the Soviet Union sees Iran as a target of oppor­tunity, a critical nation lost to the American orbit and ripe {or inclusion in the Sovi et world. Moslem countries on the Council could sympathize with the plight of the hostag es but Iran's Islamic revolution touch ed off echoing strains in their r es tiv e populations. Third -world nati ons generally a re reluctant to punish th e ir

· · fello ws at the behest of a superpower, regardless of the issue . Mr. McHenry's patient labors won a unanimous council declaration c~:lling for the urgent re­lease of ~lie hostages.

Anything slroHger, however, .such as a call to cut off trade with Iran, was heading for trouble, not only with the Soviet Union and Moslem states, but all tl1ird-world countries and even Western Europe . Mr. McHenry, moreover, also had u prublem in \l!ashington . The Car­ll'r Admi11is1rntiun wunled to push ahead swiftly with the greatest possible pressure, or at least make pressure ;111l>licly visible . (Since Washing1011 lmd frozen Iran's assets in the United Stal'~s. Tcheran could buy nothing here and so an effecUve ban on purchases in the United States had alreaay been es­tablished.) At one point, Donald McHenry won an l.l to O vote in the Council to impose sanctions if the hos­tages were nol released in a week. He had collected five third-world votes and persuaded two Moslem nations plus the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia to ab­stain . He had also persuaded Washing­ton to wait for a week while Secretary General Kurt Waldheim made his futile trip to seek the hostages' freedom.

Abdalla Y. Bishara of Kuwait is one of those half-dozen envoys from small countries who ex ercise an outsize measure of influence at the U.N. be­cause of sheer force of personality and intellect. At that time, he wa s al so a Council member, a Moslem, the repre­sentative of a Persian Gulf state, and s trongly opposed to sanclions . He was particularly courted by the United

loose are far stronger than any words uttered in the chambers -on the East River. lsrad and South Africa ignore scores of resolutions demanding Ll:'.:!y mend iheirways.

Th:s, however, may be Loo litera l a measure of what Mr. McHenry and the others do. The U.N . manufactures cli­mate, atmosphere, stage setting . No nation, even the Soviet Union, relishes the degree of isolat :on implied in a con­demnation of five to one . 11,ioscow p1·cfe1·s to sec itself as the swun.l and shield of the third world, not the object of ils fear.

M.-. McHenry himself, us deputy tu Mr. Young, spent more than two years laboriously constructing an arrange­ment to encl the guerrilla war in Namib­ia, or South-West Africa, and to bring about elections under U.N. supervision. The elections have still not taken place . South Africa is in no hurry to give up control. But someday, somehow, some­thing like Donald McHenry's interven­tion could be employed to bring peace and independence .

Similarly, Mr. Waldheim 's unsuc­cessful commission of inquiry in Tehe­ran could be re surrected. When Iran's internal politics finally permit the cap ­tives' release, the panel and its sup­pressed statement of Teheran's griev­;:rnces may be a aec .::ss:.;ry part of the drama's last act. Again-; the growing support in the U .N. for the Palestine Liberation Organization has, if any­thing, spurred Israeli settlements in the occupied lands . But it has also raised fresh questions about Israeli policy both in the United States and in

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met Mr . Bishara in his office at the United States Mission and laid out the arguments both for and against sanc­tions. He also reviewed the strengths and weaknesses of Mr. Bishara's posi­tion. It was a vintage performance, a demonstration of realism and willing­ness to absorb another point of view.

The other day Mr. Bishara recalled: "McHenry's handling of Iran was ex­cellent. This was a crisis regulated fJr his qualities, coolness, composure. He was not necessarily convincing, but persevering. It didn't require revolu­tionary or original characteristics (which Mr. Bishara admires in Mr . Young). He was masterful because of the equipment he had." In the end, Mr. Bishara abstained, but he did not vote against the American stand. That vote was taken when the deadline passed . Mr. McHenry again picked up five third-world votes on the sanctions ques­tion but his work was nullifi ed by a Soviet veto.

To be sure, triumphs at the glass and con c rete pnluce uf the U.N . ure, mo1·e often lhnn not, in the eye of the behold­er . There is an unmistakably abstract quality ubuut the votes . The trium­phant re solutions have not removed a Vietnamese soldier from Cambodia or dislodged a Soviet tank from Afghani­stan . At this writing, the hostages are still unfree. The world will not cut off trade with Iran, although a few Euro­pean allies are making some gestures of lim ited utility. The exchange value of Iranian oil and the political tempta­tions offered by a revolution on the

over, there may be new pressure to "fulfill the legitimate rights of the Palestinians," the phrase used by Mr. McHenry nearly a year ago .

D For all his skill in quiet negotiation,

Donald McHenry is a remote man who keeps people at a distance. "He Jacks warmth, amiability," says an Asian diplomat. Mr. McHenry talks in care­fully measured tones, weighing each word. He seems almost incapable of spontaneity. An Arab diplomat who has studied them both says, "Andy Young is the U.N. charter - McHenry is the rules of procedure.''

He knows that others see him as a model of prudence, speaking with ex­traordinary restraint. "It's not some­thing which is just here on the job," he says, and adds with a smile, "My chil­dren say the same thing when I'm at home." Mr. McHenry's former wife, Mary, an English teacher and associate dean of studies at Mount Holyoke, ex­plains it this wny : "We arc u ve1·y pri­vat e people. All of us hl:1cks who gr ew up in the 40's, 50's and 60's had very lit­tle opportunity to be ourselves . Think alx>Ut what that meant. You didn't have the chance to fail. You didn't have the luxury of a misst ep . We didn't ha ve the bonding experience. It was loneliness, more than you can describe."

Mr. McHenry is both sensitive to slight and fiercely insistent on being valu ed for himself and not his color . At a pre ss conference after the disavowed vote, he showed(Continued on Page 116)

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emotion only once. A black re­porter asked if he and Andrew Young were victims of a State C'epartment plot ''to denigrate black ambassadors." In heavy, deliberate tones, he re­plied, "I do not want to iden­tify myself or my predecessor as the 'black ambassador' of the United States. I represent the United States Government and speak for it, and when I speak, it is the policy of the United States Government.''

Nevertheless, black experi­ence was etched into his char­acter literally from the mo­ment of his birth. In 1936, ma­ternity wards in his native East St. Louis, a grim indus­trial town, were closed to blacks. So Dora McHenry had to cross the Missouri River to bear Donald in St. Louis, then carry him back home to the u,1pavcd s tre e t where he grew up. The McH 2nrys were poor . His father, Limas, who now works in the Ford Company's frame plant in River Rouge, walked out b~fore Donald was 5. His mother supported the three children. "I can remem­ber a couple of times when there was no food; th e re were sever a l crisis points, no food, no money," he says. But his mother, "a sup e rior cook,"

would bring home samples from the advertising agency where she worked testing re­cipes and preparing food for ads. He remembers drinking Pet Milk from coffee jars.

Dora McHenry imposed firm discipline. While she worked, the children could not leave the yard to play in the street . Donald obeyed, but his younger brother, Jerry, would slip away. "He _ was the most venturesome," Mr. McHenry recalls, " and the grapevine passed the word so he'd get back in time ." Jerry is r::>w a policeman in East St. Louis. Their sister, Charlotte, an ex­school teacher, is a housewife in Lexington, Mass. "People thought we thought that we were much better than they were because we wouldn't as­sociate on the street with them," Mr . . McHenry says . "But it wasn't particularly lonely . There were lots of cous­ins."

The well-behaved Donald delivered papers, ran errands for a grocery store, worked for a carpenter, learned to set type and run presses . That last helped pay his way through college . He did well in the all­black schools he r.tt c:nded . He was president of his senior

' . I

class, and his schoolmates pred icted that he would be­come "President of the United Stat es," but then, with the bit­ter self-mockery of black stu­dents in 1953, added " ... Toothpick Company.''. He passe d up scholarships to bl ac k colleges to go to the inte­grat ed Illinois State Univer­sity in Normal. "M y mother's phil osophy wa s that you have got to ge t out th ere and com­p2te now with those you will compe te with all your life."

Inevitably, he was drawn into the fring es of the civil­rights movement, but there were no reckle ss rid es to Mis­s issip pi. At first, rights were a pr actical matter. There were­n't enough dormitories at Illi­nois State and the white land­lord s in town would not rent to bl acks. Working as usu a l through chann els, Mr. McHenry "got tog et her with a couple of dea ns, put together a littl e meeting and persuaded two or three white houses to be opene d to blacks." By his sen­ior year, he had formed a ch a pter of the N .A.A.C.P. and become its president. But, un­like other bright blacks of his time, this was not to be his life's work . "It never inter­ested me, "he says. "I finally decid ed everybody had his contribution to make and mine was in foreign affairs . I recog­nizd that everybody has a dif- · ferent role to play. Each marches to a diff ere nt drum."

He went on to graduate school at Southern Illinois Uni­versity in Carbondale, teach­ing speech, coaching the de­ba te te a m and studying inter­national affairs. Adlai Steven­son ha d long be en his model public servant. "I was fasci­na ted with his approach, the intellectual possibilities he took to it. Th ere was some­thi ng about Stev enson th a t en­couraged be liev ing in him. It wasn't that substantive. Here's a man who is trying hones tly and intell ec tually.''

From South ern Illinoi s, he mo ved clos er to the cen ter of for eign policy making, · to Georget own in Washington for a rioctorate th a t still lacks a thesis. Mr . McHenry sup­ported him sel f by teac hing speec h an d coaching debate at Hov.:ard Univ ersi ty.

Somewh ere in Wash ington, he met Har lan Clev e land, a former Stev ens on aide and th en Assistant Secretary of State for Int ernatio na l Organi­zati on Affairs, the office that overse es th e Unit ed States r elati onship with the U.N. It was 1963 anc! the Sta te Depa rt­ment was looking for a ble

bla cks. Harlan Cle ve land had no tro ub le recruiting Mr. McHenry . "I was eager," he re ca lls, and he began at the bottom , a young officer look­ing at such recondite areas as Rhod es ia and the United States Trust isla nds in the Pa­cific .

Mr. McHenry spent eight years in the State Departm ent and neve r left Foggy Bottom . He helped prepare a brief for the In ternationa l Court of Jus­tice but it failed to win a ruling that could hav e paved the way for Namibia's still frustrated ind epend ence. He labored, un­successfully, to give Microne­sians, the res idents of the Pa­cif ic Tru st islands, a greater voice in their destiny . Despite his conspicu ous nonsuccess, his careful, detailed work brought State Department awards a nd promotion to spe­cial as sistant to the Secretary of State, William P. Rogers .

But he suffered with Mr . Rogers as Hen ry Kissinger, the nat ional security· advis er, remorsely stripped State of power. Mr. McHenry was ang­ered by th e treatment of Rich­ard F. Ped erse n, Willi a m Roge rs's counselor, whose telephone was tapped. That, he said, "comes very close to bugging the Secretary of State." He was disgusted by "this hideous . invasion" of Cambodia in 1971.

Others in the department left with angry protests . That is not McHenry's way. "If I thought going with a bang would contribute to the pri~ci­ple I feel strongly about, then I'd do it," he said. "If, on the other hand, I'm in a situation where a difference occur s among re aso nable men and I'm not being heard, I don't see any value in go ing with the ban g. You don't bum your br idge s . I hoped to go back."

So he left quietly to wait for ch a nge, stopping at pillars of the foreign-policy establish­m en t, wr iting a book - "Mi­cron esia: Tru st Betrayed" -teaching and lecturing (at the Brookings Institution, the Couricil on Foreign Relations, the School of Foreign Service at Georg e town and the Carn e­gie Endowm ent for Int ern a­tional Peac e). Mr. McHenry returne d to the State Depart­ment wi th th e re turn of a Democra tic Administration.

□ Tod ay , Donald McHenry

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Schuker, and one with his four deputy delegates). He care­fully puts aside each Monday for a trip to Washington to touch base with power, the Secretary of State or the Presi- · dent. As a Cabinet member, he insists on seeing Mr. Carter alone. He also reaches him with crisp, one-page memos.

He endures but does not like the cocktails-and-dinner life that flows around the U.N. He insists on two weekday nights with his daughters, Elizabeth, 15, and Christina, 16, who live with him at the decorator-fur­nished, overstuffed apartment that the Government provides its chief U .N. delegate on the 42d floor of the Waldorf-Asto­ria.

Mr. McHenry and his former wife have joint custody of the girls . She is as reluctant as he to discuss their breakup, but insists there is still "a close family bond" and "we all watch out terribly for Don." Mary McHenry does acknowl­edge that it is the searing memory of his own father's desertion that drove Donald to insist on assuming the chief re­sponsibility for the children. Inde:2d, Mr. McHenry is so bit­ter about his past that he has cut off telephone calls from his father and was angered when Ford public-relations men sent Limas McHenry to his son's swearing-in ceremony. Donald McHenry says firmly, "I think fathers have a responsibility."

For Mr. McHenry, who strides at a near run, there is

S 0

always a schedule, a duty, a \ routine. A man who watched him with Andrew Young saw this difference: "If Andy was off to a meeting, say, with the British and the Patriotic Front, he would ask what hotel they were staying at and tell us to work the bar. He was looking for tools to relax peo­ple . Don wouldn't think in those terms. He'd want brief­ing books prepared and criti­cise them. He'd want talking points and make comments in the margin. Don would spend as much time preparing for the trip as the trip itself. Andy looked for ways to relax ten­sions."

Now the United State, chief delegate starts another ses­sion at the General Assembly, a talkshop of 153 nations whose recommendations bind no one to anything but serve as a crude barometer of v.0rld opinion . If Ronald Reagan is elected President, Mr. McHenry will surely go. He may leave anyway. He fre­quently talks of becoming president of a small college. And he knows that from now to November, every move he makes will be dictated by the President's electoral needs. But if Jimmy Carter is re­elected, Donald McHenry may well be around for some time. You may not hear him, but in his own quiet way he will no doubt continue the frustrat­ing task of trying to make some contribution to world peace. U

's

A N G E L S E J EiC T A D E A F E S T

(JOHN) CIARDI: A BROWSER'S DICTIONARY -In th e Middle Ages a common cure for dogbite was to put a hair of the dog in the wound .. . or to

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T U R I N T R A C A G E T A F T 0 C H R E S W E E p D I S C T U T A H A N D C A R A p A C E S A T 0 L L S A R A H I M y L A S T p E R S E I R I S 8 A N C H U N F O R S M 0 C K E D L 0 0 M S K I N S M A H

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burn the hair of the dog, put the ash in water, and drink it. ~Even today nothing is more effective than a witch doctor ... in tr eating a hangover.)

Summary of Ambassador McHenry's Press Conf

Ambassador McHenry characterized the confusion over the

US vote on Security Council resolution 465, on Israeli settlements,

as "a simple communications problem". The State Department had

felt that the President only wanted the deletion of the draft

resolution's paragraph 7 on JerusaJ.em. They had not thought that

he was referring to the resolution's other references to Jerusalem.

Ambassador McHenry admitted that the "misunderstanding" would

make his task (.at the United Nations) more difficult. It was not

the "most comfortable period of his life".

He emphasized that the resolution was recommendatory in

character. On the resolution's substance, he reiterated the US

Government's opposition to Israel's settlements policy.

On Iran, Ambassador McHenry said that there was a "scenario"

which covered two points: ta} the alleged grievances of Iran

and (b) the hostage question.

-:t:/ MJS/JH ~ 10 March 1980

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TRANSCRIPT OF AMBASSADOR DONALD MCHENRY'S PRESS CONFERENCE AT USUN, MARCH S, 1980.

JILL SCHUKER: GOOD AFTERNOON, I'M JILL SCHUKER, AMBASSADOR MCHENRY'S PRESS COUNSELOR. LET ME JUST SAY TO YOU THAT THIS WILL BE A HALF HOUR PRESS CONFERENCE. AS YOU ALL KNOW, AMBASSADOR ~CHENRY WAS RECENTLY IN THE MIDDLE EAST FOR TWO WEEKS. WHILE THERE, HE VISITED SEVEN NATIONS. THEY INCLUDED JORDAN, SAUDI ARABIA, ISRAEL, EGYPT, TUNISIA, KUWAIT AND LEBANON. HE WILL BE PREPARED TO ANSWE~ QUESTIONS REGARDING THAT TRIP -­WHICH IS WHAT THE MAIN PU~POSE OF THIS PRESS CONFERENCE ~S FOR -- AND WHY IT WAS SET UP. AND OBVIOUSLY, I AM SURE YOU HAVE OTHER QUESTIONS ON YOUR MIND. (LAUGHTER) IT WILL BE A HALF HOUR.

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: THE ONLY THING I CAN SAY IS THAT JILL SCHUKER HAS A REMARKABLE ABILITY TO SCHEDULE MEETINGS WITH THE PRESS IN A WAY THAT THEY EXPOSE ME TO MAXIMUM DANGER. YEST~RDAY MORNING I HAD ALREADY SCHEDULED A MEETING IN WASHINGTON WITH THE WASHINGTON PRESS, THE FOREIGN POLICY MAGAZINE BREAKFAST, AND I UNDERSTAND IT WAS THE LARG~ST TURNOUT THEY HAVE EVER HAD. THEN I HAD THE GOOD FORTUNE OF HAVING A MEETING WITH THE WORLD JEWISH CONGRESS ALREADY SCHEDULED. (LAUGHTER)

I'LL TAKE YOUR QUESTIONS.

QUESTION: MR. AMBASSADOR, (CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR) WHEN THE WHITE HOUSE SAYS THERE WAS A BREAKDOWN IN COMMUNICATIONS IT SEEMS TO IMPLY THAT OBJECTS FAILED, LIKE THE T~LEPHONE OR THE TELEX WHEN IN FACT IT SEEMS THAT PEOPLE FAILED ON A ~ATTER OF SERIOUS FOREIGN POLICY. WITH ALL DUE RESPECT, MR. AMBASSADOR, COULD YOU TELL ME ~HAT EXACTLY IN THE RESOLUTION YOU MAY HAVE FAILED TO CONVEY TO SECRETARY OF STATE VANCE OR HE ~AY HAVE FAILED TO CONVEY TO THE PRESIDENT.

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: WELL, I DON'T THINK THAT IT'S NECESSARY FOR ME TO GO BEYOND THE PRESIDENT'S STATEMENT. THE PRESIDENT SAID THAT HIS CONCEPT OR WHAT HE WISHED DELETED FROM THE RESOLUTION WAS NOT SUFFICIENTLY SET FORWARD AND THAT THERE WAS A MISUNDERSTANDING ON IT. I CAN'T ADD ANYTHING MORE TO THAT.

QUESTION: ~R. AMBASSADOR, CWPIX, NEW YORK), YOUR COLLEAGUES ACROSS THE STREET AT THE UNITED NATIONS, BE THEY AMBASSADORS FROM AMERICA'S ALLIES, GENUINE NON­ALIGNED NATIONS, OR COUNTRIES HOSTILE TO AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY WERE UNIFORM YESTERDAY IN 7HEIR OFF-THE­RECORD CONV~RSATIONS WITH ME, SAYING THAT THEY DID NOT BELIEVE THE P~SSIDENT'S STORY OF A FAILURE OF COMMUNICA­TIONS.

AND THEY ALL SAID THAT YOUR JOB AT THE UNITED NATIONS WOULD BE EXTREMELY DIFFICULT ON THE BASIS OF YOUR GOVERNMENT'S CREDIBILITY NOT YOURS. HOW DO YOU RESPOND TO THAT?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: WELL, THEY WILL HAVE TO MAKE THEIR OWN CONCLUSIONS AS TO THEIR BELIEF OR DISBELIEF WITH REGARD FOR WHAT THE PRESIDENT SAID. I BELIEVE, AS I SAID YESTERDAY, THAT WE SHOULD TAKE THE PRESIDENT AT HIS WORD\ IT'S A STATEMENT WHICH I THINK IS REMARKABLY CANDID AND I FIND IT DIFFICULT TO UNDERSTAND THAT CANDOR SHOULD BE SOMETHING WHICH IS NO LONGER ACCEPTED IN THIS SKEPTICAL WORLD IN WHICH WE LIVE. WITH REGARD TO MY OWN TASK, OBVIOUSLY MY TASK IS GOING TO BE MORE DIFFICULT.

QUESTION: WILL IT TAKE YOU QUITE SOME TIME TO REBUILD AMERICAN CREDIBILITY AT THE U.N.?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: I CAN'T GO BEYOND SAYING THAT MY TASK IS GOING TO BE MORE DIFFICULT. BUT I WORK HARD AND I'LL WORK AT IT.

QUESTION: (DAN SHILON), ISRAELI TELEVISION AND RADIO) IN THE U.N. RECORDS, THERE LS ONLY ONE AMERICAN POSITION, AND ONE AMERICAN VOTE THAT SUPPORTED THE RESOLUTION. T~ERE ISN'T ANY INDICATION OF ANY MISTAKE OR MISCOMMUNICA­TION. WOULD YOU INITIATE NOW ANOTHER FORMAL STEP IN THE U.N. TO CORRECT THE MISTAKE?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: NO, THERE IS NO PROVISION IN THE SECURITY COUNCIL FOR CHANGING ANY KI~D OF VOTE.

QUESTION: (CBS) WHAT RAMIFICATIONS DO YOU EXPECT OF THIS EPISODE FROM SATURDAY IN THE U.N. IN CONNECTION WITH THE MIDDLE EAST PROBLEM?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: WELL, DICK, I THINK THAT IT IS VERY DIFFICULT FOR ME TO SAY. AS I SAID EARLIER, OUR TASK HERE WILL BE DIFFICULT IN PART BECAUSE THERE WILL BE MANY EXPLANATIONS AND SUSPICIONS WITH REGARD TO WHAT WAS DONE RATHER THAN A TENDENCY TO TAKE IT ON THE BASIS OF THE STATEMENT WHICH WAS MADE, WHICH I ACCEPT AS A CANDID AND FACTUAL STATEMENT OF WHAT OCCURRED. AND I CAN SEE HOW IT DID OCCUR. I DO NOT EXPECT THAT WE HAVE SEEN THE LAST OF THE SETTLEMENTS DEBATE IN THE UNITED NATIONS. I DON'T BELIEVE THAT THE ISSUE, THE CENTRAL ISSUE, HAS GONE AWAY. AND I WOULD REMIND YOU THAT THE CENTRAL ISSUE OF THE RESOLUTION IS THE QUESTION OF THE

SETTLEMENTS POLICY WHICH ISRAEL HAS FOLLOWED. AND I ~OULD REMIND YOU THAT DESPITE ALL OF THE DISCUSSION, THE POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES WITH REGARD TO THAT QUESTION HAS NOT CHANGED. I STATED IT VERY CLEARLY IN THE SECURITY COUNCIL, THE STATE DEPARTMENT HAS REITERATED IT, AND THE PRESIDENT IN HIS STATEMENT REITERATED THE POSITION OF THE UNITED STATES WITH REGARD TO THAT QUESTION.

QUESTION: WHAT ABOUT THE PROBLEM OF THE PALESTINIAN RIGHTS, WHICH HAS BEEN EXPECTED TO COME TO THE SECURITY COUNCIL AS EARLY AS THIS MONTH?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: I DON'T KNOW WHETHER THEY WILL GO AHEAD WITH THAT DEBATE. MY EXPECTATION IS THAT IT WILL NOT aE VERY LONG BEFORE THAT QUESTION ARISES AGAIN. IT HAS NOT 3EEN BEFORE THE COUNCIL SINCE LAST AUGUST. IT MAY BE THAT THERE WILL BE SOME MORE DELAY BEFORE BRINGING IT FORWARD. BUT I WOULD NOT BE SURPRISED TO SEE IT ARISE VERY QUICKLY.

QUESTION: (GERTRUDE SAMUELS OF THE NEW LEADER) SINCE THIS RESOLUTION DEALT QUITE EXTENSIVELY WITH THE STATUS OF JERUSALEM, WOULD YOU COMMENT ON THE U.S. POSITION TODAY ON THE STATUS OF JERUSALEM?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: THE RESOLUTION, IN MY JUDGMENT, WAS ON SETTLEMENTS. IT WAS NOT ON THE STATUS OF JERUSALEM. I THINK, VERY CLEARLY, WE HAVE RESTATED OUR POLICY ON THE STATUS OF JERUSALEM AND I DON'T WANT TO GO INTO THE QUESTION.

QUESTION: MR. AMBASSADOR, MAY I ASK A BLACK RELATED QUESTION TO YOU TODAY. WE ALREADY LOST ONE BLAC~ AMBASSADOR, ANDY YOUNG. YOU ARE A VERY SKILLED DIPLOMAT ... IS THEKE A PLAN IN THE U.S. STATE DEPARTMENT AND EVEN IN YOUR OWN OFFICE HERE TO DENIGRATE BLACK AMBASSADORS .•.. ISRAEL'S OBJECT?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: IN THE FIRST PLACE, WE LOST ONE AMBASSADOR. (THAT IS,) I DO NOT WANT TO IDENTIFY MYSELF OR MY PREDECESSOR AS "THE BLACK AMBASSADOR" OF THE UNITED STATES. MY TITLE IS THE PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNITED STATES TO THE UNITED NATIONS. I REPR~SENT THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AND SPEAK FOR IT. AND WHEN I SPEAK IT IS THE POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. I DON'T BELIEVE THAT THERE IS ANY KIND OF CONSPIRACY WHICH IS GOING ON WITH REGARD TO EITHER ~y

INCUMBENCY OR THE INCUMBENCY OF PREDECESSOR. AND I THINK, AGAIN, THAT ONE OUGHT TO TAKE THE EVENTS IN THE TERMS IN WH!CH TH~ PRESIDENT EXPLAINED THEM.

QUESTION: (NY POST) MR. AMBASSADOR, COULD I ASK WHETHER YOU FEEL THAT THERE IS AN ATTEMPT BY THE ISRAELIS TO UNDERMINE YOU 3Y SPREADING THE RUMOR THAT YOU WENT OVER VANCE'S HEAD TO CARTER AND WHETHER YOU FIND IT DIFFICULT TO DEAL WITH THEM OR THEIR REPORTERS OR THE JEWISH GROUPS WHO BRING THIS UP IN THEIR REMARKS AFTER MEETINGS?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: I DON'T WANT TO DEAL WITH ANY KIND OF RUMORS OR TO ASCRIBE ANYTHING TO ANY PARTICULAR GROUP OR BODY OR INDIVIDUAL OR COUNTRY. I WOULD SAY THAT THE RUMOR TO WHICH YOU REFER IS OBVIOUSLY TOTALLY UNFOUNDED AND IRRESPONSIBLE.

QUESTION: I AM GOING TO THE ROOT OF IT, WHY IT'S BEING SPREAD?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: YOU WILL HAVE TO ASK THE PEOPLE WHO HAVE DONE IT. IT IS, AS I SAY, UNFOUNDED AND IRRESP0 ;\JSI9LE.

QUESTION: (ABC) MR. AMBASSADOR, DID YOU PERSONALLY FAVOR A "YES" 1/0TE ON THAT PARTICUU1R RESOLUTION. DID YOU MAKE IT KNOWN TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES THAT YOU DID FAVOR IT? AND IF SO DOES THIS MEAN THAT YOU ARE CUT OFF WITH THE PRESIDENT?

AMBASSADOR MCHEN~Y: LOU, I NEVER GET INTO MY PERSONAL RECOMMENDATIONS ~ITHER TO T~E ?RESIDENT OR TO THE STATE DEPARTMENT. I DO MAKE -- RECOMMENDATIONS. YOU KNOW I AM A PERSON WHO IS NOT A SHRINKING VIOLET. aUT I MAKE THOSE RECOMMENDATIONS WITHIN THE POLICY FORMULATION PROCESS.

QUESTION: (FAIRCHILD) IN THE LIGHT OF YOUR TRIP TO THE MIDDLE EAST AND WHAT YOU FOUND ON THIS FACT-FINDING MISSION, WHAT HAS THIS INCIDENT DONE TO THE U.S. IMAGE AND CREDIBILITY TO CONTINUE IT'S PEACE PROCESS IN THE AREA?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: WELL, I WOULD HOPE THAT THE IMPORTANCE OF ATTAINING A JUST AND LASTING PEACE IN THE MIDDLE EAST WILL 3E SEEN AS GREATER THAN ANY PARTICULAR INCIDENT SUCH AS WE HAVE 3EEN REF~RRING TO. AND I WOULD HOPE

THAT THE AUTONOMY TALKS WOULD PROCEED. I HOPE THAT THEY WILL RESULT IN AN OUTCOME WHICH WILL BE SEEN BY ALL CONCE~NED AS A FIRST AND SIGNIFICANT STEP TOWARDS A JUST ANO LASTING PEACE WHICH WE SEEK. NOW, I SAID YESTERDAY, WHEN ASKED WHAT THE REACTION WOULD BE IN CERTAIN PARTS OF THE WORLD, AND I SAID VERY .CANDIDLY AND I WOULD REPEAT HERE TODAY THAT THERE WILL BE A GREAT DEAL OF CONCERN, OBVIOUSLY.

QUESTION: WHAT EFFECT IF ANY, DO YOU FEEL, THIS INCIDENT WILL HAVE ON PRESIDENT CARTER'S POLITICAL FORTUNE?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: I DON'T GET INTO POLITICS.

QUESTION: CWNBC) IN A SENSE, MUCH OF THE RESOLUTION DEALT WI7H DISMANTLING OF SETTLEMENTS. WAS THERE A REASON WHY THIS RESOLUTION DID NOT CARRY A REFERENCE TO RESOLUTION 242 AND 338?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: I DO~'T BELIEVE THAT THAT MUCH OF THE RESOLUTION DEALT WITH DISMANTLING OF SETTLEMENTS. THE RESOLUTION DEALT WITH THE SETTLEMENTS POLICY. DISMANTLEMENT WAS A VERY SMALL PHRASE IN THE RESOLUTION. IT IS NOT UNUSUAL THAT THE RESOLUTION WOULD NOT REFER TO THESE OTHER RESOLUTIONS WHICH HAVE BEEN PASSED. IT DID IN A NUMBER OF INSTANCES REFER TO PREVIOUS RESOLUTIONS WHICH WE~E ON THE SAME QUESTION.

QUESTION: (NY TIMES) DO YOU THINK, WHEN YOU SPEAK ABOUT "GKEATi::R" DIFFICULTIES, THAT YOU WILL HAVE A HARDER T:ME CONVINCING OTHER NATIONS THAT WHAT YOU NEGOTIAT~ WILL STAY NEGOTIATED. OR )0 YOU THINK, AS SOME HAVE SAID, THEY WILL HAVE TO WAIT 48 HOURS TO ~IND OUT?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: WELL, AGAIN, I DON'T THINK THAT ANYONE SHOULD DRAW THAT KIND OF CONCLUSION WITH REGARD TO OUR POSITIONS. WE HAVE VERY CLEARLY EXPLAINED, AS CLEARLY AS WE CAN, WHAT OCCURRED. AND I THINK THAT THAT KIND OF COMMUNICATIONS PROBLEM MAY OCCUR WITH ANY GOVERNMENT AROUND THE WORLD. WHETHER IT WILL BE MORE DIFFICULT REMAINS TO SE SEEN. I HAVE ALREADY INDICATED THAT WE'LL HAVE A DIFFIC ULT TIME.

QUESTION: NOW THAT THE ~HODESIAN ELECTIONS ARE A FAIT ACCOMPLI, HOW DOES THE AMERICAN GOVERNMENT SEE THE RESULTS ....

I

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: OUR HOPE OF COURSE WOULD BE THAT THE REMAINING STEPS IN THE POLITICAL PROCESS IN RHODESIA CAN BE TAKEN SMOOTHLY AND PROMPTLY AND WITHOUT FURTHER RECOURSE TO VIOLENCE. THE PEOPLE OF RHODESIA HAVE SPOKEN, THE VARIOUS REPORTS, WHILE THEY INDICATE SOME PROBLEMS IN THE ELECTION AND THE ELECTION PROCESS, FOR THE MOST PART SAY THAT THOSE ELECTIONS WERE FREE AND FAIR. WE HOPE THE PEOPLE OF RHODESIA, OF ALL POLITICAL PARTIES WILL ACCEPT THAT JUDGMENT. WE DO. WE HOPE THAT THE STATES AROUND RHODESIA WILL ACCEPT THAT JUDGMENT AND WE HOPE THAT THEY WILL BE COOPERATIVE IN THE EFFORT TO MOVE THE RHODESIANS ALONG TO THEIR INDEPENDENCE AND TO THEIR RIGHTFUL PLACE IN THE COMMUNITY OF NATIONS.

QUESTION: (NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO) COULD YOU TELL US HOW THE BREAKDOWN IN COMMUNICATIONS OCCURRED?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: I DON'T KNOWN THAT I CAN DETAIL PRECISELY HOW THE BREAKDOWN OCCURRED. I WAS HERE IN NEW YORK AND NOT IN WASHINGTON. I CAN SEE A BASIS FOR IT HAVING OCCURRED IN THAT OBVIOUSLY, SOME OFFICIALS IN THE STATE DEPARTMENT FELT THAT THE PRESIDENT WAS REFERRING TO THE DELETION OF PARAGRAPH 7. IT WAS DELETED. THEY OBVIOUSLY DID NOT FEEL THAT HE WAS REFERRING TO THE orHER REFERENCES TO JERUSALEM IN THE RESOLUTION. AND I THINK THAT THAT WAS PROBABLY WHAT OCCURRED: A SIMPLE COMMUNICATIONS PROBLEM WHICH HAS RESULTED OBVIOUSLY IN A GREAT DEAL OF MISUNDERSTANDING.

QUESTION: (REUTERS) CAN YOU TELL US WHAT ASSURANCES THE U.N. HAS FROM IRAN, AND WHAT ASSURANCES THE U.S. HAS FROM THE U.N. (A) AS TO THE ABILITY TO SEE THE HOSTAGES AND (3) AS TO THE TIMING OF THEIR RELEASE. WE HAVE BEEN TOLD THE U.N. HAS A WRITTEN PLEDGE THAT THE COMMISSION WOULD SEE THE HOSTAGES. COULD YOU TELL US IN A LITTLE MORE DETAIL WHAT OTHER ASSURANCES WE HAVE?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: I DON'T THINK IT ADVISABLE FOR ME TO GET INTO THE SPECIFICS WITH REGARD TO THAT QUESTION. SUFFICE IT TO SAY THAT THERE IS A SCENARIO WHICH WAS DEVELOPED AND WHICH COVERS TWO POINT: (A) THE ALLEGED GRIEVANCES OF IRAN, AND (8) THE HOSTAGE QUESTION. AND WE HOPE THAT THAT SCENARIO WILL BE CARRIED OUT EXPEDI­TIOUSLY.

QUESTION: MR. AMBASSADOR, WHO SPOKE TO WHOM ON SATURDAY AND WHERE SPECIFICALLY DID THAT BREAKDOWN OCCUR?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: I WON'T GET INTO THE INTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS I~ JHE GOVERNMENT.

QUESTION: WHAT IS THE U.S. POLICY ON JERUSALEM? IS IT AN OCCUPIED TERRITORY?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: AGAIN, AS I SAID, WE HAVE REITERATED THE POSITION WIT~ REGARD TO JERUSALEM YESTERDAY. I CAN GIVE YOU A THOUSAND AND ONE DOCUMENTS ON IT AND YOU CAN READ IT YOURSELF.

QUESTION: (KUWAIT: AL-ANBA DAILY) DO YOU CONSIDER THE RESOLUTION BINDING?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: THE RESOLUTION, AS I INDICATED IN MY STATEMENT ON SATURDAY, IS RECOMMENDATORY IN CHARACTER. IT'S A RECOMME~DATION OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL AND WOULD REMAIN ON THE 300KS WHETHER OR NOT THE UNITED STATES' ABSTAINED. THE ONLY WAY THAT IT WOULD NOT GO ON THE BOOKS, OF COURSE, WOULD HAVE RESULTED FROM A VETO SY THE UNITED. STATES OR BY ONE OF THE OTHER FOUR PERMANENT MEMBERS OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL. WITH REGARD TO DISMANTLE­MENT, I THINK I SPOKE TO THAT THE OTHER DAY. I SAID AS MUCH AS I WISH TO SAY ON THAT PARTICULAR QUESTION. THAT AGAIN WAS REIT~RAT~D IN THE PRESIDENT'S STATEMENT. IN TERMS OF FINANCES WHICH ARE SPECIFICALLY DESIGNATED FOR SETTLEMENTS, AS THE RESOLUTION SAID, THE UNITED STATES DOESN'T HAVE ANY OF THAT ANYWAY.

QUESTION: IS T~IS RESOLUTION BINDING ON INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIO;\lS?

AMBASSADOR MCHE~RY: THE RESOLUTION IS A RESOLUTION ADDRESSED TO STATES.

QUESTION: ~R. AMBASSADOR, THE WORD OUT OF ISRAEL NOW IS THAT THERE IS AN ELEMENT IN THE KNESSET THAT SAYS WE ARE GOING TO GO ON BUILDING SETTLEMENTS ANYHOW, REGARDLESS OF THE RESOLUTION AND WHAT NOT. (INAUDIBLE) ••. IS THIS GOING TO MAKE THE PROBLEM MORE COMPLICATED FOR YOU? HOW DO YOU SUPPOSE THE UNITED STATES CAN DEAL WITH IT AND THE SECURITY COUNCIL?

AMBASSADOR MCHE~RY: WELL, WE HAVE EXPRESSED OUR VIEW ON THE SETTLE11E:'JTS POLICY. 1..JE THINK ITS CONTRARY TO INTERNATIONAL LAW. WE THINK IT IS AN OBSTACLE TO PEACE. WE THIN< IT MAKES DIFFICULT THE NEGOTIATIONS WHICH WE ARE CU~RENTLY ENGAGED WITH IN TERMS

OF AUTONOMY. NOW WHAT ISRAEL DECIDES TO DO IS OBVIOUSLY A DECISION WHICH ISRAEL WILL HAVE TO TAKE ITSELF. OUR POLICY WITH REGARD TO SETTLEMENTS HAS NOT CHANGED. IT MAY HAVE GOTTEN BURIED IN THE PROCESS OF ALL OF THIS DISCUSSION, BUT AFTER ALL THE RESOLUTION IS ABOUT SETTLEMENTS. OUR POLICY WITH REGARD TO SETTLEMENTS IS THE SAME.

QUESTION: (TIME-LIFE) MR. AMBASSADOR, WHILE YOU WERE IN THE MIDDLE EAST, YOU DID NOT VISIT HEBRON, AND YOU DID NOT MEET THE MAYOR OF HEBRON. OBSERVER TERZI, IN THE SECURITY COUNCIL, SAID THAT THE ISRAELI PROHIBITED YOU FROM GOING TO HEBRON AND SEEING THE MAYOR. WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENED?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: I KNOW OF NO PROHIBITION ON MY OWN TRAVELS. HEBRON WAS NEVER ON MY SCHEDULE. AND THIS IS THE FIRST TIME THAT I HAVE HEARD OF THAT. THE CLOSEST I CAN COME TO AN ANSWER ON THAT QUESTION -- I WAS SCHEDULED TO MEET WITH A NUMBER OF MAYORS FROM THE WEST BANK AND THERE WAS AT THE TIME A PROHIBITION OF THEIR TRAVEL IN CONNECTION WITH THE MEETING AT THE AQSA MOSQUE AND A NUMBER OF MAYORS THEREFORE WERE NOT ABLE TO GET THERE. THE MAYOR OF BETHLEHEM DID MAKE IT THERE AS DID A NUMBER OF OTHER CITIZENS OF THE WEST BANK.

QUESTION: CAP) CAN YOU SAY WHY SINCE THE OBJECT OF THE ?EOPLE WHO WERE DRAFTING THE RESOLUTION WISHED TO AVOID THE U.S. VETO., THE U.S. FELT IMPELLED TO VOT~ IN FAVOR OF THE RESOLUTION RATHER THAN ABSTAIN?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: I DON'T GET THE QUESTION?

QUESTION: SINCE THE OBJECT 0~ THE DRAFTING Or THE RESOLUTION WAS TO PRODUCE SOMETHING THAT THE U.S. WOULD NOT VETO. WHY THEN DID YOU, SINCE YOU COULD HAVE SATISFIED THEM BY ABSTAINING, DID YOU CHOOSE TO VOTE IN FAVOR OF THE RESOLUTION?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: THAT'S YOUR CONCLUSION THAT THE RESOLUTION WOULD HAVE BEEN SATISFACTORY -- THAT THEY WOULD HAVE BEEN SATISFIED WITH REGARD TO ABSTENTION. OBVIOUSLY, THE EFFORT IN THE SECURITY COUNCIL IS TO ACT IN SUCH A WAY THAT THE COUNCIL IS SPEAKING. AND EVERY TIME WE ACT IN THE COUNCIL, WE ARE TRYI NG ... OUR OBJECT OBVIOUSLY IS TO GET SOMETHING WHICH CAN BE SUPPORTED BY ALL THE MEMBERS. YOU ARE TELLING ME FOR THE FIRST TIME

ABOUT THE ABSTENTION BUSINESS.

QUESTION: SINCE THE PRESIDENT HAD APPROVED THE RESOLUTION AFTER DELETION OF PARAGRAPH 7, WHAT CREDIBILITY IS THERE IN MR. VANCE'S ASSUMPTION OF RESPONSIBILITY? IS HE A SACRIFICIAL LAMB?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: WELL, YOU MISSTATE THE PRESIDENT'S POSITION. HIS STATEMENT YESTERDAY WAS QUITE CONTRARY TO WHAT YOU ARE SAYING. HE SAID CLEARLY, THAT HE DID NOT INTEND TO APPROVE THE RESOLUTION, EXCEPT FOR THE DELETION OF ALL REFERENCES TO JERUSALEM. THAT WAS THE POSITION WHICH HE STATED IN HIS STATEMENT. AND I DON'T BELIEVE THAT THERE IS ANY EFFORT TO FIND ANY KIND OF "SACRIFICIAL LAMB." I GET BACK TO THE POINT 1..JHICH I MADE, I DON I T KNOW WHAT'S WRONG WITH CANDOR IN THIS WORLD.

QUESTION: CAN YOU CAST SOME LIGHT ABOUT THE POINTS THAT YOU STRESSED ON BEHALF OF YOUR GOVERNMENT TO THE JORDANIAN LEADERS. WHAT WAS THE JORDANIAN RESPONSE TO THAT?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: IN THE MIDDLE EAST, IN JORDAN AS WELL AS ELSEWHERE, WE HAD A NUMBER OF CONVERSATIONS WITH REGARD TO BILATERAL ISSUES, WITH REGARD TO REGIONAL ISSUES AND WITH REGARD TO A BROAD RANGE OF INTERNATIONAL ISSUES. OBVIOUSLY, IN THE COURSE OF THAT DISCUSSION, MUCH OF THE TI~E WAS SPENT ON THIS QUESTION OF THE MIDDLE EAST AND TRYING TO FIND SOME KIND OF PEACE, LASTING PEACE AND JUST PEACE IN THE MIDDLE EAST. I DON'T BELIEVE THAT I WANT TO SO INTO WHAT THE JORDANIANS SAID TO ME AND WHAT I SAID TO THEM. I FOUND THE DISCUSSION WITH THEM EXTREMELY USEFUL. THEY ARE CONCE~NED ABOUT THE PEACE PROCESS. AS YOU KNOW THEY ARE NOT ENA~ORED WITH THE AUTONOMY TALKS OR THE CAMP DAVID ACCORDS. AND OBVIOUSLY, THEY REPEATED THAT POSITION.

QUESTION: (MANCHESTER GUARDIAN) MR. AMBASSADOR, IN YOUR SPEECH AFTER THE VOTE, YOU TOOK ACCOUNT OF SEVERAL THINGS BUT YOU DIDN'T SAY ANYTHING ABOUT JERUSALEM. IF THERE WAS SO MUCH CONCERN ABOUT THAT IN WASHINGTON, WHY DIDN'T YOU MENTION THAT AS WELL AS DISMANTLING THE SETTLEMENTS. WHY DIDN'T YOU TAKE EXCEPTION TO THAT?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: WELL, AS I HAVE ALREADY INDICATED, THE CONCERN WHICH WAS COMMUNICATED TO ME AND WHERE THERE WAS A ~ISUNDERSTANDING, WAS ABOUT PARAGRAPH 7, AND THAT WAS TAKEN CARE OF. IT WAS DELETED AND THERE

10

WAS NO REASON TO SPEAK TO IT. HAD THERE BEEN THE OTHER CONCERN, OBVIOUSLY THEN WE WOULD HAVE DONE SOMETHING DIFFERENTLY.

QUESTION: MR. AMBASSADOR, IS THE IRAN SCENARIO RELATED TO THE RELEASE OF THE HOSTAGES ON TRACK?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: WELL, IT IS CERTAINLY NOT GOING AS RAPIDLY AS WE WOULD HOPE IT WOULD GO AND IT IS HAVING MORE DIFFICULTIES THAN WE WOULD PREFER BUT WE HOPE IT'S ON TRACK. IT REMAINS TO BE SEEN. I DON'T THINK WE CAN MAKE A JUDGMENT WITH REGARD TO A PARTICULAR TIME OR ANY PARTICULAR INCIDENT OR ANY PARTICULAR STATEMENT. WE HAVE TO LOOK AT THE SCENARIO AS A WHOLE. WE WANTED TO GO FASTER AND OUR HOPE IS THAT IT WILL GO FASTER.

QUESTION: CWNBC) MR. AMBASSADOR, MAY I ASK YOU TO REACT TO THIS STATEMENT. IT SAYS THAT THIS RESOLUTION, IF ADOPTED, STAKES OUT NEW GROUND ON THE PART OF THE UNITED STATES. SPECIFICALLY, IT SAYS IT REFERS TO PALESTINIAN TERRITORY, A PHRASE WHICH HAS NEVER BEEN USED BEFORE SY THE SECURITY COUNCIL OR ANY PARTY TO THE MIDDLE EAST PEACE SETTLEMENT. AND CLEARLY PREEMPTS THE ISSUE OF T~E WEST BANK •... CAN I HAVE YOUR REACTION TO THAT?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: I HAVE SEEN ALL KINDS OF ANALYSES OF IT, BUT I HAVE NOT YET SEEN THE KIND OF THOROUGH ANALYSIS OF THIS RESOLUTION THAT IT DESERVES. I WON'T COMMENT ON THAT PARTICULAR STATEMENT EXCEPT TO SAY THAT I THINK IT'S AN INADEQUATE ANALYSIS.

QUESTION: (CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR) WHEN THE PRESIDENT APPROVED THE RESOLUTION ON SATURDAY, DID HE DO IT WITHOUT SEEING IT WITH HIS OWN EYES?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: I WASN'T IN WASHINGTON.

QUESTION: (WPIX-TV) YOU RECENTLY RETURNED FROM A TOUR OF SEVEN NATIONS IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA WHICH FIGURED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY INTO THE WHOLE QUESTION OF THE AREA CRISIS WHICH HAS BEEN PART OF THE FOCUS OF THESE DISCUSSIONS. YOU DID SIGNIFICANT BRIDGE BUILDING. DOES THIS SUDDEN JERKING OF AMERICAN CREDIBILITY BASED ON THE VOTE IN THE SECURITY COUNCIL AND THE PRESIDENT'S REPUDIATION OF THE VOTE 48 HOURS LATER, BREAK DOWN ANY OF THOSE BRIDGES THAT YOU BUILT?

1 1

. ' . ..

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: IT DOESN'T HELP.

QUESTION: YOUR SPE~CH AT THE SECURITY COUNCIL: WAS THAT TEXT CHECKED BY THE STATE DEPARTMENT BEFORE YOU GAVE IT?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: I AM NOT GOING TO GO INTO THAT KIND OF THING. I SPEAK FOR THE UNITED STATES GOVE~NMENT WHEN I SPEAK.

QUESTION: (UPI) MR. AMBASSADOR, ON YOUR MIDDLE EAST PEACE TRIP, DID THE ARAB GOVE~NMENTS EXPRESS A DESIRE FOR CERTAIN PRIORITIES? DID THEY TELL YOU THEY WOULD RATHER THE UNITED STATES GIVE MORE ATTENTION TO THE PALESTINIAN QUESTION THAN TO AFGHANISTAN?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: I THINK THAT WAS THE GENERAL VIEW WHICH WE HAVE HEARD HERE IN NEW YORK AND I WOULD SAY THAT THAT WAS ALSO THE GENERAL VIEW WHICH I HEARD IN THE MIDDLE EAST. THERE WAS A FEELING THAT IN TERMS OF THEIR CONCERNS, THE PALESTINIAN QUESTION WAS JUST AS IMPORTANT AND THEY FELT THAT THE UNITED STATES SHOULD MOVE AND BE MOR~ INFLUENCIAL AND THAT THE WORLD COMMUNITY OUGHT TO RESOLVE THAT QUESTION MORE QUICKLY. AND SO LONG AS IT REMA:NED THERE IT PROVIDED AN OPPORTUNITY FOR EXPLOITATION BY THOSE WHO MIGHT WISH TO EXPLOIT DIFFICULT SITUATIONS.

QUESTION: (REUTERS) DOES U.S. OPPOSITION TO SETTLEMENTS ON THE WEST BANK INCLUDE THOSE WHICH EXISTED BEFORE 1948?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: BEFORE WHEN?

QUESTION: 1948?

AMBASSADOR MCH~NRY: OH, I CAN'T ADDRESS THAT QUESTION. I THINK THE RESOLUTION WAS ADJRESSED TO SETTLEMENTS SINCE 1967, OCCUPIED TERRITORIES SINCE 1967.

QUESTION: THERE IS A DISTINCTION AND I ~ONDER WHETHER

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: I'LL HAVE OUR LAWYERS GIVE YOU AN ANSWER ON THAT. I HAVE NO IDEA.

QUESTION: ARE YOU PERSONALLY EMBARRASSED BY THE EVENTS THAT HAVE TAKEN ?LACE SINC~ SATURDAY?

1 2

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: I CAN'T SAY THAT IT IS THE MOST COMFORTABLE PERIOD OF MY LIFE.

QUESTION: ARE YOU EMBARRASSED?

AMBASSADOR MCHENRY: I CAN'T SAY IT'S THE MOST COMFORTABLE PERIOD OF MY LIFE.

JILL SCHUKER: THANK YOU VERY MUCH. THAT'S ALL.

1 3

ROUTING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION ,-

Secrr::tc.ryJ~ral T O:

A: Th e /'.

I ' F ROM:

~ DE: G. Ortner / I

Room No. - No de bur e a u 22. 12. 79

Ext en s~ - Pb sf~ I Dote

F OR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER

FOR APPROVA L POUR APPROBA TI ON

FOR SIGNA TURE PO UR SIGN A TURE

FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS

MAY WE DISCUSS? POU RR ION S-N OUS EN PARLE R ?

Y OU R A TTENTI ON VOT RE ATTENTION

AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU

AS RE QUESTED SUIT E A VOTRE DEMANDE

NO T E AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER

F OR IN FOPV.A TI ON PO UR INF OR M ATION

At the re~u e st of Mr. Ahmed,

the attached communication is sent

to you for your information. It

~.ri 11 be iss11ed as a. docu ment of the

Security Council under the symbol

s/13705 toL1orro w morning. Copies

~,ill be sent to Security Council

members tonight.

COM.6 (2-78-l

- 2 -

The efforts of the Secretary General unfortunately have not met with a positive response, and Iran has rejected the order of the International Court of Justice. In fact, Iran has defied all of the decisions of the international com,7unity as well as the strong appeals for the release of the hostages by the Secretary General, the President of the Security Council, and the President of the General Assembly, and by numerous gov~rnments and world leaders of every political persuasion and religious belief. Iran continues to hold the American hostages, in intolerable conditions.

In the face of Iran's continued detention of the hostages, the United States has sought to act with restraint. The United States made clear in its formal statement before the Security Council on December 4 that, once the hostages are released and have departed from Iran, it is prepared to discuss Iran's claimed grievances and to cooperate with the call contained in Resolution 457 that Iran and the United States take urgent measures for peaceful resolution of the remaining issues between them.

Iran's continued defiance of the world community j2opardizes the international order vital to all nations. Iran's flouting of international law and the universally­accepted rules £or the conduct of relations among nations must be dealt with through concrete and effective action by the Security Council in implementation of the United Nations Charter. The Security Council must act to enforce its call upon Iran to release the hostages. The integrity of international law and modern civilized diplomacy is at stake, as is the ability of the United Nations to carry out its obligations for the maintenance of international peace and security.

My government therefore requests that the Security Council meet at an early date to consider the measures which should be taken to induce Iran to comply with its international obligations.

,

l : ✓ • "· .. > ,,

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~1'.i /

,, THE REPRESENTATIVE

OF THE f :N~:;~E!:ro::ERICA

His Excellency Mr. Chen Chu

December 22, 1979

President of the Security Council United Nations New York, New York

Dear Mr. President:

On November 4, 1979, 63 Americans as well as personnel of other nationalities were seized when a disciplined, armed group of demonstrators invaded the United States Embassy in Tehran. While thirteen of those captured have been released, at the present moment, seven weeks later, 50 Americans remain captive.

On November 25, 1979, Secretary General Waldheim, invoking Article 99 of the United Nations Charter to request an urgent meeting of the Security Council, declared the present crisis a serious threat to international peace and security.

On December 4, 1979, the Security Council adopted Resolution 457 urgently calling upon the Government of Iran immediately to release the personnel of the American Embassy being held in Tehran, provide them protection and allow them to leave Iran. This Resolution also called on the Secretary General to use his good offices to seek a peaceful resolution of the crisis.

On December 15, 1979, the International Court of Justice issued an order calling for II the imrnediate release, without any exception," by Iran of all Americans held in Iran and for their safe departure from Iran.

r /'. {-(-; ; -· { V

----UNITED STATES MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS

PRESS RELEASE 799 UNITED NATIONS PLAZA

NEW YORK, N . Y . 1001 7

FOR RELEASE ON ~ELIVERY CHECK TEXT AGAINST DELIVERY

Press Release USUN-134(79) December 1, 1979

Statement by

Ambassador Donald F. McHenry

United States Permanent Representative to the

United Nations,

in the Security Council,

on the Situation in Iran,

December 1, 1979.

MR. PRESIDENT:

TWENTY-SEVEN DAYS AGO, 63 AMERICANS AS WELL AS

PERSONNEL OF OTHER NATIONALITIES WERE SEIZED WHEN AN

ARMED, DISCIPLINED GROUP OF DEMONSTRATORS INVADED THE

UNITED STATES EMBASSY IN TEHRAN, EIGHTEEN OF THOSE

CAPTURED HAVE BEEN RELEASED, AT LEAST 50 AMERICANS

REMAIN CAPTIVE,

As WITH DIPLOMATS EVERY't/HERE, THE INDIVIDIJALS

WHO WERE TAKEN HOSTAGE ARE ENTITLED TO THE PROTECTION

OF THE GOVERNMENT OF !RAN BY THE MOST SOLEMN COMMITMENT

NATIONS CAN GIVE -- THE SOVEREIGN PLEDGE OF GOVERNMENTS

BY TREATY AND INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATION,

GOVERNMENTS RETAIN THE RIGHT TO REOUIRE THAT

FOREIGN DIPLOMATIC PERSONNEL LEAVE THEIR SOIL, Bur EVERY STANDARD OF INTERNATIONAL BEHAVIOR, WHETHER

ESTABLISHED BY PRACTICE) BY ETHICS, BY TREATY OR BY

COMMON HUMANITY SUPPORTS THE PRINCIPLE THAT THE PERSONNEL

OF A DIPLOMATIC MISSION AND DIPLOMATIC PROPERTY ARE

INVIOLATE, EVEN IN THE DARKEST MO~ENTS OF

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COUNTRIES, THE SECURITY AND

WELL-BEING OF DIPLOMATIC PERSONNEL HAVE BEEN RESPECTED,

IRAN ASKS THAT,,,,,,

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- 2

IRAN ASKS THAT ITS GRIEVANCES. BE HEARD AND ACTED

UPON, YET IRAN, AND THE AUTHORITIES WHO SPEAK FOR IT,

ARE VIOLATING THE MOST BASIC OBLIGATION OF NATIONS,

THEY HOLD HOSTAGE THE VERY PEOPLE WHO FACILITATE THOSE

COMMUNICATIONS THAT CAN RESOLVE DIFFERENCES AND LEAD

TO UNDERSTANDING AND AGREEMENT AMONG NATIONS,

NONE OF US, WHATEVER OUR DIFFERENCES ON OTHER

ISSUES, CAN IGNORE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR ALL OF US

OF THIS EVENT,

NOR CAN THE WORLD IGNORE THAT THESE DIPLOMATIC

REPRESENTATIVES ARE BEING HELD UNDER DEGRADING

CONDITIONS, THEY ARE THREATENED, KEPT BOUND, ISOLATED,

NOT ALLOWED TO SPEAK, DENIED MAIL, EVEN THEIR

WHEREABOUTS ARE UNCERTAIN, ALL OF US AT THIS TABLE

ARE ALSO DIPLOMATIC REPRESENTATIVES OF OUR COUNTRIES,

CHARGED WITH THE SAME DUTIES AND PROTECTED BY THE

SAME LAWS AND RULES OF CONDUCT AS THOSE NOW HELD

CAPTIVE IN TEHRAN, IT IS FOR ALL OF US TO SPEAK UP

TO DEMAND THEIR RELEASE AND TO INSIST UPON BAS.IC

CONDITIONS OF HUMANITY FOR THEIR CARE PENDING THAT

RELEASE, INCLUDING DAILY VISITATION BY IMPARTIAL

OBSERVERS,

MANY MEMBERS OF THE UNITED NATIONS, INCLUDING SOME

MEMBERS OF. THIS COUNCIL, HAVE HAD AMBASSADORS MURDERED,

DIPLOMATIC PERSONNEL INJURED, EMBASSY FACILITIES DESTROYED,

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ON EACH OCCASION I I I I

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- 3 -

0N EACH OCCASION THE DELICATE FRAMEWORK OF OUR INTER­

NATIONAL COMMUNITY HAS BEEN HARMEDJ BUT EFFORTS WERE

MADE TO REPAIR THE WOUNDS, THE SITUATION IN TEHRAN

HAS A FEATURE UNLIKE OTHER ASSAULTS ON THE DIPLOMATIC.

TIES THAT BIND OUR WORLD, lN IRANJ THE GOVERNMENT ITSELF

DEFENDS THE VIOLENCE WHICH HOLDS DIPLOMATS HOSTAGE,

SUCH A POSITION IS INTOLERABLE,

THE UNITED STATES INSISTS THAT ITS DIPLOMATIC

PERSONNEL BE RELEASED AND ITS DIPLOMATIC PREMISES

RESTORED, THESE ARE NOT NEGOTIABLE MATTERS, THE UNITED

STATES WILL HOLD THE AUTHORITIES IN IRAN FULLY RESPONSIBLE

FOR THE SAFETY OF THE AMERICANS HELD CAPTIVE,

I SPEAK TODAY FOR HOSTAGES WHO ARE ENDANGERED BY

THE FRENZY AND UNCERTAINTY OF EVENTS; BY THE INHUMANE

CONDITIOtJS UNDER 'rlHICH THEY ARE HELD; AND BY THE THREAT

OF THE AUTHORITIES IN IRAN TO COMPOUND UNJUST ACTS

THROUGH TRIALS,

AROUND THE WORLD) NATIONS OF EAST AND WESTJ NORTH

AND SOUTH) IN INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE STATEMENTSJ HAVE

EXPRESSED THEIR OPPOSITION TO THIS VIOLATION OF INTER­

NATIONAL LAW AND CALLED FOR THE IMMEDIATE RELEASE OF

THE HOSTAGES, WE EXPRESS OUR APPRECIATION FOR THIS

OVERWHELMING EXPRESSION OF INTERNATIONAL CONCERN AND

SUPPORT IN BEHALF, I I I

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SUPPORT IN BEHALF OF PRINCIPLES THAT LIE AT THE HEART

OF CIVILIZED INTERNATIONAL BEHAVIOR,

IN THIS SPIRIT) THE PRESIDENT OF THE SECURITY

COUNCIL, SPEAKING FOR THE MEMBERS OF THIS BODY) HAS T\,ICE

URGENTLY APPEALED FOR THE RELEASE OF THE HOSTAGES,

THE PRESIDENT OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY HAS TWICE

SPOKEN ELOQUENTLY IN SUPPORT OF THIS PLEA,

THE SECRETARY GENERAL OF THE UNITED NATIONS HAS

WORKED UNCEASINGLY TO RESOLVE THIS CRISIS,

THERE HAS NOT BEEN A SATISFACTORY RESPONSE AND THE

HOSTAGES ARE STILL NOT FREE,

WE GATHER HERE TO DETERMINE WHAT MORE CAN BE DONE,

SPEAK OF INJUSTICE, THAT CRY OUT AGAINST PAST WRONGS AND ....._ . -c,, _.o;;.S ... ~~~ .. -4:i:"• ---t-~ - !)!'I..,_ ~~;'t~~ ,.~Q~~a.~-o,...._i4•~~ ... ., ~~..,:-.....,,... , .. ~---.;

THAT ASK FOR UNDERSTANDING, THERE IS NOT A SINGLE

GRIEVANCE ALLEGED OR SPOKEN IN THIS SITUATION THAT COULD -- .......,., ;1 ~ l'tt . ~-,--"'""""'":~.n;~~~--.::..~.....-~-:, .,,_·~ -~ .-:~~ _. -..""'"i7.'-r:;"f.-~-.:....>;--' :t-~•..,... ::,.,.,, •~~T,,.-1'1:~-::-"-"" L · -;-., ·-·':-•' ... • ~- ;.,_;;---: "".•"'!)~.: ""~• :.-~ .......,. .... ·'...,...

NOT BE HEARD IN AN APPROPRIATE FORUM,

! IN ADDITION, AS WE HAVE SAID FR-OM THE BEGINNING,

J THE UNITED STATES REMAINS READY) ufoJ THE RELEASE oF THE ti · . .:.a .. j s.;/ " .:""~ ... .-.>.-. . ·f,.,v .. "'::- .. .,_,~ ... -_-j:.; K-"v.',.....-,.:.,.'C .. -.... ~ f•~. -~;,.-:-.:--":1! 1 ~ ~ :;,...1,..~ - -- ~ :•:

~ HOSTAGES, TO Discuss WITH .THE IRA IAN AUTHORITIES THE -- -- · .- .. ~ ~ - --.c.:.-.--..:- - - • . - __ .. ,.d~..:.. -• =1•~-7<-S:-- ..: '-::· •~.:..":~.,. .,..,,.., -; _ . t·'"-' ;:'--$ --<-;~ _-,~- - ,'"(' . ..-.~ .::;..,:r::;-· . --r, .... :..:,,;..;_;- •_--., .. ..,,_. ·,· .'t, -c:

\ DIFFERENCES WHICH EXIST BETWEEN US AND TO SEEK THEIR ti ~ ................... :..~-~,,:,.: ·_--:.:' .:: . ·:,.--. ... _. --~ ~ ·:·,::;·;; ... ·::···~"-~----. - ~-~-~~----~~::..~·:---:·D=""-· .... ..,.~:·,:,-::·:-:-:·-~·-··--· ..- ~--SfS"~i ~~- ... -----..:-,::::,..,?-...,.,.~ ~-""'~

} RESOLUT I Oi~ I ~~ :!';:,;'-:,i.;,.-:_.-:-~:::::~-!:'~-=.::~

Bur NO COUNTRY CAN CALL FOR JUSTICE WHILE AT THE

SAME TIME.DENYING IT TO THE DEFENSELESS, No COUNTRY CAN

BREACH THE MOST, I I I

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BREACH THE MOST FUNDAMENTAL RULES OF THE COMMUNITY OF

NATIONS AND AT THE SAME TIME EXPECT THAT COMMUNITY TO

BE HELPFUL IN THE PROBLEMS WHICH IT PERCEIVES FOR ITSELF,

IN THE SIMPLEST TERMS, NO COUNTRY CAN BREAK AND

IGNORE THE LAW WHILE SEEKING ITS BENEFITS,

WHAT IS IT THAT THE WORLD CAN AGREE UPON IF NOT

THE PROTECTION AND RESPECT FOR THOSE WHOM WE APPOINT

TO REPRESENT OUR SOVEREIGNTY AND RESOLVE OUR DIFFERENCES?

How TRAGIC FOR IRAN, HOW TRAGIC FOR THE WORLD THAT

THREATS TO PEACE ARE BEING DRIVEN TO A NEW CRESCENDO,

THE MOST POWERFUL VOICES IN IRAN ARE ENCOURAGING VIOLENCE

IN NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES AND CONDONING BLOODSHED RATHER

THAN CONDEMNING IT, IN ADDITION, TOTALLY UNFOUNDED

CHARGES-WHICH CAN ONLY INFLAME THE SITUATION ARE BEING

MADE AGAINST THE LIN I TED STATES \'I I TH RESPECT TO THE

CURRENT CRISIS,

THE UNITED STATES IN ALL THE YEARS OF ITS HISTORY

HAS HAD AS A FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE THE FREEDOM OF ALL

PEOPLE TO WORSHIP AS THEY CHOOSE, Our OF THIS HISTORY

AND LONG ASSOCIATION, WE HONOR AND RESPECT THE LEADERS

AND THE NATION OF ISLAM,

THE PRINCIPLE OF NON-INTERFERENCE IN THE INTERNAL

AFFAIRS OF OTHER NATIONS IS BOTH A TENET OF THE UNITED

NATIONS AND OF THE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES,

AND THAT INCLUDES/ I I I I

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AND THAT INCLUDES1 OF COURSE1 RESPECT FOR THE TERRITORIAL

INTEGRITY, POLITICAL INDEPENDENCE AND SOVEREIGNTY OF IRAN,

WE RESPECT THE RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE OF IRAN TO DETERMINE

THEIR OWN FUTURE THROUGH INSTITUTIONS OF THEIR OWN CHOOSING,

ALL OF US MUST ACCEPT THEIR DECISIONS,

THE PRES1DENT OF THE UNITED STATES1 SPEAKING FOR A

UNIFIED AND DETERMINED NATION1 HAS MADE IT CLEAR THAT WE

ARE SEEKING A PEACEFUL RESOLUTION TO THIS CONFLICT SO

THAT THE WOUNDS OF THE PAST CAN BE HEALED, IN THIS SPIRIT,

THE UNITED STATES HAS TURNED TO THE SECURITY COUNCIL AND

THE SECRETARY-GENERAL IN THE SEARCH FOR A PEACEFUL SOLUTION,

IN THIS SPIRIT1 THE UNITED STATES HAS BEGUN PROCEEDINGS IN

THE INTERNATIONAL (OURT OF JUSTICE,

THERE IS IN THE UNITED STATES A UNITY OF PURPOSE1

A DISCIPLINED SENSITIVITY TO THE NEEDS OF PEACE, A

DETERMINATION TO SEARCH OUT ALL PEACEFUL MEANS TO BRING

THIS DISPUTE TO A JUST CONCLUSION1 AND ALSO A DETERMINATION

TO DO WHAT MUST BE DONE TO PROTECT OUR FELLOW CITIZENS AND

THE RULE OF LAW, THAT UNITY OF PURPOSE IS SHARED BY ALL

AMERICANS, Bur MAKE NO MISTAKE, BENEATH THAT· DISCIPLINE

IS A SEETHING ANGER WHICH AMERICANS PROPERLY FEEL AS THEY WITNESS

ON DAILY TELEVISION NEW THREATS AND OUTRAGES AGAINST THEIR

FELLOW CITIZENS,

THE HOSTAGES MUST BE FREED,

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UN!T ED NAT!ON5

S ECUR! TY C OU NC~l

Distr. GENERAL

S/13615 9 Nover ,ber 1979

ORIGL1AL: El':SLU:H

LETTER DATED 9 J\JOVE: 3 E~ 1979 FROM THE PERl-1.ANEET REPRESEHTATIVE Or THE UHITED STATES OF A.JE RICA TO THE UNITED llTATIONS ADDRESSED TO

THE PRESIDE 1':T OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL

On 4 Nov ember 1979, the Arnerican Embassy in Tehran was occupied and the J! ... r:-1eric a n diplo matic personnel on its premises were taken and held by a gr011p of I ra n i an s. Al l efforts to secure their release, includ i ng an offer of discussions i·,i th emissaries, have so far been unavailing.

'This 2-ction and the support it has received strike at t:1e fundamental norns by ',.,h ich States maintain cornrnunication and violate the very basis for the r:aintenanc e of international peace and security and of comity between States. We conseque:-itly r Pquest that the Security Council urgently consider what rn.ight be done to secure the r e le a se o f the diplomatic personnel being held and to restore the sanctity of diplo ~atic personnel and establishments.

(Signed) Donald F. McHENRY

79 .. 29518

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THE REPRESENTATIVE \ OF THE

UNIIrED STATES OF AMERICA TO THE

UNITED NAT IONS

November 9, 1970

Dear Mr. President:

On November 4 the American Embassy in Tehran was occupied and the American diplomatic personnel on its premises were taken and held by a group of Iranians. All efforts to secure their release, including an offer of discussions with emissaries, have so far been unavailing .

This action, and the support it has received, strike at the fundamental norms by which states maintain communication and viola t_~ the very basis for the maintenance of interfi'at io ~nal peace and security and of comity between states. We conse­quently request that the Security Council urgent~y

l{consj_~ what might be done to secure the release ofthe di ~ lomat J:-c--per1Wrih e l- befi'lg - he -Iaana f o

.re -stor e -t h~- . sa_r1c't_it y :: ~ ~~~~ I'p_l o~~\ i c ·-·per ·so iirie ·1•·• a nd establishments·. . . . -·-··· ··-- -~~ --------··

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Sincerely, ,~fr>'}~ Donald F. McHenry ·

His Excellency Dr. Sergio Palacios de Vizzio President of the Security Council United Nations

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0C1 2 9 \979 /J.:!},::, THE REPRESENTATIVE

His Excellency Mr. Kurt Waldheim Secretary-General

of the United Nations New York

........-:.. q / o OF T HE 'l,.,C\tfJ~JITED STATES OF AMERICA

TO THE

UNITED NATIONS

October 25, 1979

Dear Mr. Secretary-General:

I have the honor to transmit the following message from Senator James Sasser:

"We have an extraordinary opportunity to advance our common concern in the des-perate plight of the victims of the tragedy in Indochina. Senators Baucus, Danforth, and I request an opportunity to call on you at the earliest possible moment to share impressions gained in the visit we are just concluding. We also wish to explore with you means of rapidly increasing the flow of assistance into Kampuchea. Our return to Washington, D.C. is now scheduled for Friday, October 26th and we will be available to meet with you at your convenience."

Accept, Mr. Secretary-General, the assurances of my highest consideration. -

Sincerely,

l:;:-;::~ UN-3306/95

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UNITED NATIONS ~) SC, -/ NATIONS ~ UNIES

THE SE CRETAR Y -GENERAL

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THE SE C RETAR Y -GENER A L

6 September 1979

I wish to congratulate you most warmly on

your appointment as Permanent Representative of

the United States of America to the United

Nations. I am sure there is no need to tell

you how much I am looking forward to benefitting

from the close and cordial co-operation which

I have a lways enjoyed from you.

With all good wishes and warmest p ersonal

regards,

His Excellency Mr. Donald F.McHenry Permanent Representative

of the United States of America to the United Nations

N e w Y o r k

Yours sincerely,

Kurt Waldheim