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SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION REPORT:I .ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATIONOF, SO VIE.T SCIENCE

(00

Summary No.1550 24 April 1963

MAI .

Prepared y

Foreign Documents Division

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SCMTIFIC INFORMATION REPORT

Organization and Administration of Soviet Science (10)

This is a serialized report consisting of unevaluatedinformation prepared as abstracts, submsries, and translationsfrom recent publications of the Sino-Soviet Bloc countries.It is issued in seven series. Of these, five, Biology andMedicine, Electronics and Engineering, Chemistry and Metal-lurgy, Physics and Mathematics. and Organization and Admin-istration of Soviet Science, are issued monthly. The sixthseries, Chinese Science, is issued twice monthly; and theseventh series, Outer Mongolia, is issued sporadically. Indi-vidual items are unclassified unless otherwise indicated.

Table of Contents

,I. Academies of Sciences 1

USSR 1Siberian Department 8Republics 8

II. Medicine and Public Health 17

USSR 17Republics 27

III. Other Soviet Scientific Organizations 37

IV. Bloc Scientific Activities 45

V. Awards and Prizes 48

VI. Obituaries of Soviet Scientists 53

VII. Foreign Scientific Cooperation 57

VIII. Organizational Briefs 60

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I. ACADEMES OF SCIENC

USSR

1. Proceedings at Meetjff of Academy of Sciences LSR

"In the frportant Directions of ecience;" Moscow) Pravda,6 Feb 63, p 1

The annual general weeting of the Academy of Sciences USSR was heldrecently in the Moscow House of Scientists. Scientists discussed theactivity of the academy in 1962.

Speaking at the meeting, Academician D. 1. Shcherbakov told aboutsome resul~o of research of the earth's depths conducted by scientistsof the geological-geographical department. He said that masteringheat from the depths of the earth opens huge opportunities beforepower engineering. which must be used in the interests of the buildingof Commism. Acaaemiciams A. P. Vinogradov and A. A. Trocimuk alsospoke about important problems of the science of the earth.

Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences USSR N. P. Sahinspoke about the Iportant role of research on obtaining metals of highand extra-high purity. Such highly pure metals are iportant for thedevelopment of a number of new fields of engineerings, including atomicpower engineering and production of semiconductor instruments,

Academician M. P. Nostenko reported on the increased capacity ofturboelectric power generators.

Academician A. N. Framkin discussed the work of scientific problemcouncils. Other speakers at the meeting were Academician S. L. Sobolev,and Corresponding Members of the Academy of Sciences USSR I. A.Kazarnovsky, B. M. Vl, S. P. Tolstov, and T. S. Khahaturov.

At the concluding session of the general meeting, M. V. Keldyah,president of the Academy of Sciences USSRp presented a report on awardsof Lenin prizes for 1962 to workers of the academy. Corresponding Memberof the Academy of Sciences USSR M. X. Agoshkov reported on awards ofgold medals and prozes of the Academy of Sciences USSR in honor of Out-standing scientists for the most important works in various branches ofscience.,

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Other reports given at the meeting were "Strong Interactions of Ele-mentary Particles at High Energies," by Candidate of PhygicomathematicalSciences V. N. Gribov; "The Problem of Synthesis of Rubbers," byCorresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences USSR B. A. Dolgoplosk;and "The Application of Biochemical Preparations in Animal Breeding,"by Doctor of Biological Sciences V. N. Bukin.

At an evening session of the meeting of the Academy of SciencesUSSR, Academician V. A. Kirillin was elected vice-president of theAcademy of Sciences USSR. Academician M. A. Lavrent 'yev, chairman ofthe Siberian Department., was re-elected vice-president of the Acaderyof Sciences USSR for a new term. Academician B. Ye. Paton, presidentof the Academy of Sciences Ukrainian SSR, was elected a member of thepresidium of the Academy of Sciences USSR.

2, PrcsiL'.': Discusses Future Development of Biological Sciences

"Problems Proposed by Life"; Moscow; Izvestiya, 2 Feb 63,p_

An expanded session of the presidium of the Academy of Sciences USSRwas held on I February, devoted to a discussion of the resolution of theCentral Cormittee CPSU and the Council of Ministers USSR "On Measuresfor the Further Development of Biological Science and Strengthening ItsRepation With Practice."

The session was opened by the President of the Academy of SciencesUSSR, M. V. Keldysh. Academician secretary of the Department ofBiological Sciences of the Academy of Sciences USSR N. M. Sisakyanpresented a report about the tasks which face Soviet scientists who arecalled upon to fulfill this resolution. Taking part in the discussionwere Academicians N. N. Semenov, M. I. Kabachnik, V. N. Chernigovskiy,A. P. Vinogradov, S. I. Vol'fkovich, and I. G. Eykhfel'd; Corresponding,Members of the Academy of Sciences Ye. N. Mishustin, N. A. Krasil'nikov,D. N. Kursanov, and A. A. Imshenetskiy; and others. All the speakerswarmly approved the resolution of the Central Committee CPSU and theCouncil of Ministers and outlined concrete ways for. fulfilling it assoon as possible. The Presidium of the Academy of Sciences USSRexpressed assurance that the creative efforts of scientists will beaimed at rapidly achieving the huge tasks formulated by the CentralCommittee CPSU and the Council of Ministers USSR.

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3. Tasks Facing Soviet Biological Sciences

"Biology on a Iew Stage," by Academian N. Sisakyan; Moscow,Izvesti, 10 Feb 63, p 5

According to this article, the important achievements of SovietBiological science in many fields is told about in the Resolution of theCentral Comittee CPSU and the Council of Ministers USSR. Along withthis, the resolution justly notes a number of outstanding deficiencies.The most important of these is that scientific research is developinginsufficiently in certain divisions of biology directly connected withagriculture and medicine, and in allied sciences (including physics andchemistry). There is a serious lag in research on the synthesis of chemi-cal means of plant protection. Research in the fields of agrochemistry,soil studies, and regional plant physiology is poorly developed.

Another important task is the proper distribution of labor betweenvarious scientific research establishments of the country. Scientificresearch biological establishments of the Academy of Sciences USSR, theacademies of science of the union republics, and the universities arecalled upon to concentrate their attention on the study of basic biologicalregularities of the development of organisms, of the development ofprospective problems of physics and chemistry of living things. Scientificresearch agricultural establishments must concentrate their efforts onworking out methods of selective growing of highly productive plantvarieties and breeds of animals, on working out intensive systems ofcultivation and use of chemistry in agriculture. Medical establishmentsmust concentrate on developing theoretical bases and practical methods ofpreventing and treating diseases. These three systems of scientificestablishments must work in harmony, closely coordinating their research.

According to the article, it is necessary to review the plans of theresearch work for the institutes and conduct the research in accordancewith the problems defined by the Resolution of the Central Committee CPSU..and the Council of Ministers USSR. It is necessary to ensure priorityfor the most urgent and perspective topics.

In investigations and generalizations in the field of generalbiology, as well as in the study of physics and chemistry of livingthings, it is necessary to avoid underestimating the importance ofphvsical and chemical phenomena which are the basis of elementary biologicalprocesses; at the same time, specific features of biological laws aremcre complex and specialized than physical and chemical laws. In connec-tion with this, the solution of philosophical problems of science acquiresgreat significance.

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Much is said and written about the necessity and usefulness ofcooperation between biology and physics, chemistry, and mathematics, butnot enough is done to bring this truth to life. Scientific councils ofthe Adacemy of Sciences for problems, particularly for complex problemspmust seriously occupy themselves with the organization of Joint workbetween biologists, physicists, and chemists. Closer-knit complexes andJoint creative groups should be organizedp for example, in the Instituteof Radiation and Physicochemical Biology and the Institute of OrganicChemistry.

One of the central and decisive factors in the solution of thisproblem is the problem of training of personnel. It is necessary toreorganize and modernize the training of specialists in higher educationalestablishments and improve the teaching of biology, physics, and chemistryin the secondary schools. New textbooks which correspond to the modernlevel of science must be compiled as soon as possible for genetics,p:hsiology, biochemistry, bioph.'sics, cytology, microbiology, virology,and agrochemistry. Departments of biophysics and biochemistry andspecialized chairs of cytology and virology are being organized in thebiological faculties of a number of universities and in certain medicalinstitutes. Departments or chairs of biophplics are being establishedin physics faculties, and departments of chemistry of natural compoundsare being established in chemistry faculties. It is necessary to organizeproblem biology laboratories under the large faculties of vuzes (highereducational institutions) and departments of agricultural biology in thezone institutes of agriculture.

4. Scientists Visit Experlmental Base

"Scientists-Biologists at 'Gorki Leninskiye'" Moscow, Pravda,29 Jan 63, p 6

On 28 January a group of outstanding Soviet scientists-biologistsvisited "Gorki Leninskiyep" the experimental base of the Institute ofGenetics of the Academy of Sciences USSR.

The director of the Institute of Genetics, Academician T. D. Lysenko,showed the scientists the cattle farm of the experimental base where theyhave established a herd of cows with a high milk capacity.

A discussion was held later at which Academician T. D. Lysenko toldabout the scientific work done at the experimental base. Taking partin the discussion were Academicians of VASEbIM (All-Union Academy ofAgricultural Sciences imeni Lenin) P. P. Luk'yanenko, I. F. Buzanov,D. A. Dolgushin) A. I. Zadontsev, and V. S. Pustovoyt; President ofVASJNIL M. A. Ol'shanskiy; Corresponding Members of VAShNIL A. I.Barayev, P. I. Dvornikov, M. 0. Simon, and Ya. F. Vanag; Academician ofthe Academy of Sciences Kazakh SSR V. P. Kuz'min; and many other scientists.

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"Michurian Biology Serves the People"; Mocow, Izvestiya,

29 Jan 63, p 5

This article also mentions V. I. Polyakovp secretary of the CentralConmittee CPSU for Agriculture, and K. G. Pysinp Minister of AgricultureUSSR, as participants in the visit and discussion at the experimentalfarm.

The farm has more than 200 cows and the average yield from each isalmost 7,000 liters of milk a year, with a fat content of 5-5.2 percent.,

5. Defects in Availability of Modern Equipment and in Preparation andTraining of Physiologists Cited

"In Step With the Times," by Academician V. Chernigovskiy;Moscow, Izvestiya, 17 Feb 63, p 2

The author of this article, Academician V. Chernigovskiy, is chairmanof the Coordinating Council of the Coum 1x Problem "Physiology" [of thePresidium of the Academy of Sciences USSR]@ Therefore# he says, he cansupport with facts his contention that Soviet physiology is in acuteneed of equipment that will make it possible to study the most delicateprocesses in the central nervous e ,- and in individual nerve cells.The scientific council sent v questionnaire to the scientific researchphysiology institutes of the Academy of Sciences USSR, the institutesc-f the union republics, and the chairs of universities and pedagogicalinstitutes asking about the degree to which they had the necessary modernequipment# The answersp he addsp presented a far from comfortingpicture.

How, he asks. can students be properly trained especially in thenew ideas in physiology, without modern equipment? Furthermore) this lack(f equipment will result in the weak formulation of work and in a slow-dwn of the pace of scientific research.

The only solution to this problem is the creation of an industryc'f physiological and biological instruments. The development of moderninstrumental physiology demands a will-organized "engineering service."However, there are few engineers in the physaolowy institutions of thecountry.

Unfortunately, the author continues, physiology, like many otherbiological disciplinesp is not one of the commercial sciences. Also, itwill remain a "budgeted" science for a long time., if not forever. None-theless, it is and will remain a science without which the further progressof medicine is unthinkable.

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The author turns his attention next to the training of physiologists,which is, in his opinion., another factor holding back the developmentof physiology. As soon as the beglinnin scientist becomes a postgraduatestudent, his only thought is of writing and successfully defending hisdissertation. He has practically no opportunities to procure a broadphysioligical education. This is especially true if he takes his post-graduate work in the laboratory of a scientific research institute, forthe laboratory usually works on a specific problem.

It would seem, he coainues, that the way out of this situation isto transfer the training of postgraduate students to the vuzes, wherethey would be forced to become familiar with an entire physiology course.However, at the m'nt this is not effective either. With the exceptionof 10-15 vuzes in Moscow, Leningrad, Tbilisi# Kiev, and other scientificcenters, the vuzes of the country are poorly equipped with modernapparatus.

Turning to the themes of post graduate work, the author asks whatconsiderations motivate the leader in his choice of a theme. In thefirst place, he is likely to choose a topic that is in line with thedirection of the laboratory. Secondly, he vill pick a "reliable" topic,that is, one that will deliberately lead to the "expected results" andvitl guarantee a dissertation. In this way the element of scientificrisk, the element of search, is driven out of the work.

It is the author's opinion that the institution of postgraduate work(aspirantura), which from the beginning has prepared "scientific workers,"and not researchers. has clearly proved its uselessness in trainingscientists and should be abolished.

The further preparation of young specialists should be conducted bymeans of making them senio) laboratory workers or, in the presence ofclear abilities, junior scientific associates. It is necessary toprovide for their periodical rotation to other laboratories (for about6 months) where they can study other problems in physiology and mastermethodological procedures.

As for the procedure of obtaining the degree of candidate of sciences,inasmuch as such a degree exists, it should be awarded according to theaggregate of published scientific work and after the objective analysisuf this work. The author suggests that only those students who haverecommended themselves in one way or another or those who have worked forsome time as senior laboratory workers should be even considered forpostgraduate student ship.

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Finally., the author considers the problem that has arisen from theconflict of the young and old generations of physiologsts sinceelectronics has entered the field of physiology. The young scientistshave mastered the ideas of cybernetics and ae skilled in mathematics,but d not think much about the most imotant problem -- the problem ofthe higher nervous activity (behavior) of man and animas3s. The olderscientists. on the other hand, are often unaware of the newest advancesin cybernetics and mathasotics. In order to resolve this conflict,the older generation must begin to study once more; and the youngerscientists must realize that knowledge of the past of science Is not anegation of the new, but a step toward it.

6. Polymer Chemistry Discussed

"Polymer -- the Future of Chemistry"j ,IeniAzadskaya Pravda,9 mar 63,p 4~

More than 170 representatives of 20 cities of the Soviet Unionrecently took part in the tenth scientific conferene, held in theconference hall of the Institute of Hig-rMaleoular Comounds of theAcadem of Sciences U *. The conference lasted for 4 days. Many reportsdiscussed theoretical works and research an the synthesis of new fiber-forming polymers.

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7. d tosiun on Linlld State Opens in Moscow

"Sectets of Liquid"j Moscow, Vecherny Moskva 30 Jan 63,p 1

A syMosium on the ooz~lex investigation of the liquid state ofmatter opened on 30 January in Moscow. Acording to the chairman ofthe organization coemittee, Prof V. F. NozdrYD more than 50 reportswill be presented.

Siberian Department

8. Personnel in Siberian Department

"Siberian Center of Science"j Novosibirek, Isvestiya SLbir-skogo Otdelenli Akadmii Nauk SSSR, No 10, l9b2. yp 3-12

This article descibes the history and development of the SiberianDepartment of the MAadey of Siences USSR and notes some of the problemsthe scientists there have solved and are working on at present.

The article also notes that at present 10 academicians, 37 co eS-'nding members of the Academy of Sciences UMR, 86 doctors of science,3 candidates of sciences, and 2,470 scientific associates ithout de-

grees are working in the Siberian Department. Novosibirsk the centerof the Siberian Departmt, is made up of 20 institutes (i of ich-were newly created), in which 1,878 scientific associates are working.This includes 10 Academicians, 27 corresponding members of the AcadeWof Sciences USSR,, 51 doctors of sciences, 468 candidates of sciences,and 1,322 scientific associates without degrees.

Republics

9. Republic Academies Discuss Abgicultureal Problems

"At the Session of the Council for Coordination of ScientificActivity of the Anademies of Sciences of the Union Republics";Ashkhabad, Turka nskaya Iskra, 9 Feb 63, p 3

The 21st session of the Council for Coordination of ScientificActivity of the Academies of Sciences of the Union Republics, held on7 February in Moscow under the chairmanship of Academician M. V. Keldyshwas devoted to the basic results of research conducted by Soviet bio-logists and tasks for the coming years.

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Speaking at the session, leaders of republic academies evaluatedthe work done and outlined plas for the future based on the recentresolution of the Central Committee CPSU and the Council of MinistersUSSR "On Measures for the Further Development of Biclogical Science andStrengthening It Relation With Practice." The scientists pointe outthat this resolution clearly defines the status, shortcomings, andprospects for the development of biological science which is calledupon to further the establishment of an abundance of high-quality foodproducts for the population and raw materials for industry.

In his report, corresponding Member of the Academy of SciencesUSSR Ya. V. Peyve characterized the most important achievements ofscientists which are used in agriculture.

Use of chemistry in agriculture is growing. Borax, manganese, cop-per, and zinc microfertilizers are being used in plant growing, and themicroelements cobalt and iodine are being used in animal breeding. Anumber of academies of sciences of the union republic have completedtheoretical research on genetics and selection of agrIculture crops andestablished valuable varieties of wheat, corn, and other grain crops.Scientists of the Ukrainian academy have produced about 40 physiologi-cally active compound- which have undergone industrial evaluation as her-bicides and "growth stimulating substances."

The Adademy of Sciences USSR is studying a so-called fat-mobilizingfactor, a substance which regulates the metabolism and storage of fatsin the animal organism. The synthesis of estrone, a hormonal prepara-tion which influences the growth and lactation of livestodk, has beendeveloped and is ,now being put into production.

The plan of the Academy of Sciences USSR for 1963 includes 30 newworks in biology, linked with agriculture. The union republic academ-ies of sciences have also expanded their plans.

The general opinion of many speakers is that these plans do not suf-ficiently indicate the deep theoretical research which is capable ofaccomplishing radical progress and improving the productivity of agricul-ture, and certain topics in these plans duplicate work of branche insti-tutions. They emphasized the necessity of sharply strengthening researchon mineral fertilizers, herbicides, preparations for animal breeding,and also the solution of scientific problems of increasing soil fertil-ity.

The following people also presented reports at the session: Aca-demician M. I. Kabachnik, President of the Academy of Sciences EstonianSSR I. G. Eykhfel'd, president of the Academy of Sciences Kazakh SSE

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K. I. Satpayev, President of the Academy of Sciences Belorussian SSRV. F. Kvrevich, Chairean of the Depaxtm of Agricultural Sciencesof the Academy of Sciences Ukrainian SSR S. I, Lebedev, deputy aca-demician-Secretary of the Department of Chemical and Geologioal Sciencesof the Academy of Sciences Lattian SSR S.*A. Giller, and CorrespondingMember of the Academy of Sciences USSR Yu. V. Rakitin.

Representatives of VAShNIL (All-Union Academy of AgriculturalSciences imeni Lenin) and the Ministry of Agriculture USSR also tookpart in the discussion.

10. Scientific Research Activitv of Georgian 8SR Discussed

"Science Enters Into Life," by AcademiOian of the Academyof Sciences Georoan SSR S. Durmishidze; Tbilisi, 7ryaVostoka, 24 Feb 63, p 3

This article briefly describes the scientific activity of theAcademy of Sciences Georgian SSR.

One of the conferences that will be held in Tbilisi in 1963 is theInternational Symposium on the Application of the Theory of Functionsin Mechanics of .nifom Media. This will be one of the most authorita-tiVe forum of scientists-math tiians.

In 1962 the scientific research institutes of the Academy of Sci-ences Georgian SSR worked out more than 180 Drobems. In 1963, the act-ivity of the institutes is directed as never before toward the furhterstrengthening of the bond between science and production.

The institutes of the Technical Sciences Division are working onobtaining new alloys, the utilization of low-grad ores and noncokingcoals, the development of new machines for the specific conditions ofthe republic, the intensification of the productive processes, and theintroduction of industrial methods of contruction and large-panel con-struction in the sesmio regions of the country.

Broad research is being conducted on the atomic reactor of theInstitute of Physics. Georgian physicists are working on the irradi1a-tion of solids under low temperatures, Work will continue in the areasof the theory of elementai± particles, quantun hydrodnamics, low-temperature magnetism, and neutron physics.

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In one of the youngest institutes, the Institute of Electronics,Automation, and Telemechaics, new devices are being developed for themechanization and automation of productive processes.

A large group of scientists-medical workers are seeking new methodsfor detecting early atherosclerosis and dealing with it and for the sur-gical treatment of heart defeats using the artificial blood circulationapparatus.

1. Latvian Academy Holds General Meeting

"General Meeting of the Academy of Sciences"; Riga, Svoet-skgya Latviya, 1 Mar 63, p 1

.A general meeting of the Academy of Sciences Latvian SSR devotedto results of work of research institutes in 1962 was held re6ently inRiga.. In his summeay report, the president of the acadeap K. N.Plaude, emphasized that the basic efforts of Latvian scientists areaimed at the solution of urgent theoretical and practical tasks inthe fields of solid-state physics, organic synthesis, wood chemistry,power engineering, technical cybernetics, biology, and biochemistry.The academy participated in the solution of 3-1 important national econ-omic problems and 1 prospective scientific problems.

Several scientifio reports were presented at the meeting. Acade-mician A. F. Iyevin'sh (Institute of Chemistry) told about researchin the field of roentgenography and crystallographyj Candidate ofPhysicomathematical Sciences V. Ya. Veldre (Institute of Physics) spokeabout work on the theory of penetrating slow electrons ith atoms;Candidate of Agricultural Sciences V. K. Bauman (Institute of Biology)spoke about the biological role of citiic acid in mineral metabolismjand Candidate of Technical sciences L. A. Rastrigin (Institute ofElectronics and Computer Engineering) told about the method of ran-dom search.

Taking part in the discussions were P. I. Valeskaln, vice-presidentof the academy; M. L. Raman, chairman of the State Committee for Co-ordination of Scientific Research of the Council of Ministers LatvianSSR; Academicians A. I. Kalnin', A. M. 0zol, and P. ya. Gerke; Corres-ponding Members of the Academy E. A. Yakubaytis and I. M. Kirko; andothers.

Also taking part in the meetings were A. Ya. Pel'she, first secre-tary of the Latvian Central Committee; V. P. Ruben, Chairman of the Coun-cil of Ministers Latvian SSR; A. E. Voss, secretary of the Latvian Cen-

j tral Committee; and I. A. Anderson, head of a Division of the LatvianCentral Committee.

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The meeting accepted a resolution on measures for further siov-ing the activity of scientific research establisluents of the rpublice.

12. New Scientific Buildings in Latvian SS

*the Scientific Center Is Groving"j Riga, SovejekaXLstyv

14 Feb 63, p 4

According to this article, the center of the AcadwW of SciencesLatvian SSR is growing in the region of *he 'Voyka" movie theater be-tween Dzerbenes and Avzkraukles uliteas.

Speaking about the further construction of this center, G. Ya.Shul 'ta, head of the Administration of Capital Construction of the AWAM.emy of Sciences Latvian SS# said that after ccsa letion of consttionof six buildings of the Institute of Organic Synthesis and the Instituteof Construction and Architecture in 196G, the laboratory and administri-tive building of the Institue of Power Enguneering were put into opera-tion.

In 1963, scientists-power engineers will be given one laboratorybuilding and construction will begin on three siilar buildings whichwill be completed In 1964. Toward the end'Vbf the year, new buildingsfor the Institute of Wood Chesistry, two laboratory buildings, and anadministrative building will be put into operation. It is also plannedto construct a din4n hal and a medical station for the scientificcenter.

Also, in 1963 construction will be started on the Institute ofElectronics near the center, opposite Ayzkrukles Vlitsa. It is plan-ned to be eouwleted in 1965.

l3. Latvian Academician Peyve 2peaks on Agricultural Rioloff in Rips'!Leaturas of Academician Ya. V. Peyve"; Rig&, Sovietaka,Latviya. 15 Feb 63, P 3

Academician of the Aoadwe of Sciences Latvian SSR Ya. V. Pevrespoke on the agricultural achievements of biology in a series of lea-tures before the buz faculties and active mbers of the party econ icorganization of Rita.

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14. Lithuanian AoadeW Summarizes 1962 Activities

"Session of the General Meeting of the Academy of Sciencesof the Republic"; Vil'nyus, Sovetskaya Litva, 6 Mar 63, p 1

The session of the general meeting of the Academy of Sciences Lith-uanian SSR which began on 5 March in Vil'nyus was devoted to a discussionof results of scientific research work in the fourth year of the Seven-Year Plan and plans for 1963. Besides this, a report on the tasks ofbiology in the future development of industry was to be given.

The session was opened by Prof Yu. Matulis, president of the Acad-emy of Sciences Lithuanian SSR. K. Meshkauskas, Chief Scientific Secre-tary of the Presidium of the academy, reported on the scientific activityof the academy for 1962.

Taking part in the discussions of the annual smmary were Candi-date of Economic Sciences V. Yanushkyavichyus, Corresponding Member ofthe Academy of Sciences of the Republic V. Girdziyauskas, Correspond-ing Member of the Academy of Sciences P. Slavenas, Academician K.Korsakas, and Academician K. Barshauskas.

The session of the general meeting approved the sunary of scien-tific activity of the academy for 1962.

I. Grigonis, head of the Ideological Division of the Bureau, forIndustrial Production of the Lithuanian Central Committee, also tookpart in the work of the session.

The work of the session was to continue on the following day.

15. Biology and Agriculture in Moldavian SSR

"On the Basis of Michurian Biology"; Kishinev, SovetskayaMoldaviya, 2 Mar 63, p 3

How have biological and agricultural sciences developed in Moldaviain the past year, what new thi/gs have they given to industry, and whatare the relations with prActice? These problems were discussed at thegeneral meeting of the departments of biological and agricultural sciencesof the Academy of Sciences Moldavian SSR which was held at the end ofFebruary in Kishinev.

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Associates of scientific establishments which are a part of thedepartment are workin on more than 30 different topics. Their re-search is devoted to such inortant problems as photosynthesis ofagricultural plants, studies of functional diseases of plants andthe development of measures for preventing them, and physiological-biohemical bases of ovez-coming the limited seasonal growing char-,acteristics of fruit trees. They are also studying harmful insects;problems of parasitology of domestic and wild animals, microbiology,utilization of natural resources of the plant world, etc.

As the academician-secretary of the department, P. I. Dvornikov,noted in his report, cooperation between the collective of the Divisionof Plaht Genetics of Academy of Sciences Moldavian SSR and the experi-mental station of genetics and selection of field crops of the Kishi-nev Agricultural Institute imeni Frunse has been exceptionally fruitful.While studying pwoblems problems of controlling the heridity and lifeof plants and solving Important theoretical problems of Michurianbiology, scientists have at the same time done a great deal for thepractice of agriculture. New ideas have been formed about the re-production capacity of plarts, and genetic-theoretical and selection-seed growing problems of producing high-yield bybrids of corn havebeen solved. High-yield, early-ripening hybrids of corn have beenproduced as a result of joint research. One of them, 'tishinevskiy-109," will be plamted on 100,000 hectares in 1963.

Other speakers at the meeting told about deficiencies in the workand about the tasks evolving from the resolution of the CentralConittee CPSU and the Council of Ministers USSR, "On Measures foi theFuture Development of Biological Science and Strengthening Its Rela-tion With Practice."

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16. Turkmen Academy Meets

"Genral Meeting of the Academy of Srtences TurAmen SSR";Ashkhabadp Turkmenskeya Iskra, 18 Mar 63, p 1

The general meeting of the Academy of Sciences Turknen SSRopened in Ashkhabad on 12 March, according to this article. Openingthe meetingo Academician of the Academy of Sciences Turkmen SSR Sh.B. Batyrov, president of the republic Academy of Sciences, told aboutthe most significant achievements of Turkmen scientists in 1962, anddwelt on the tasks placed before science by the 22d Party Congress andthe November 1962 Plenum of the Central Committee CPAU. Chief Scien-tific Secretary, Academician of the Academy of Sciences Tuxkmen SSRI. S. Rabochev, reported on results of the scientific activity of therepublic Academy of Sciences for 1962. A discussion of this report wasto be held the following day.

Other reports which were to be given included: "Scientific Dis-coveries of the South Turkmenistan Archaeological Complex Exped.itionfor 1962," by Academician of the Academy of Sciences Turkmen SSR M. Ye.Masson, and "The Biological Method of Controlling Nematodes in Agri-cultuxe," by Candidate of Veterinary Sciences S. F. Shagalin.

17. Academy of Sciences Ukrainian SSR Blamed for Defects in UkrainianBiochemical Industry

"Industrial Biochemistry," by Doctor of Biological SciencesA. Tsyperovich; Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy, 5 Feb 63, p 2

The biochemical industry and technical biochemistry have a greatsignificance for the Ukraine. However, little is being done in thebiochemical branches of the economy, and the corresponding fields ofscience are weakly developed.

The Academy of Sciences Ukrainian SSR is the main culprit in thissituation. It must be emphasized that last year in the academy, afterthe coming of the new Jeadership, a great deal was done to bring theresearch topics of its institutions closer to production. However, thisis a very complex process, and the "trades of the past" are still apparent.One of these traces is the nearly complete absence of work on industrialbiochemistry.

It would seem that this work should have been developed long agoby the Institute of Biochemistry of the Academy of Sciences UkrainianSSR. However, the institute, which has done a great deal in the pastfor the development of its science in the Ukraine, has for some unknownreason ignored this direction for many years. Separate work is being

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carried on in industry and in agriculture, but the institute does notcoordinate, organize, or direct it. The valuable experience of Moscowis not being used. We do not have the special problem "technical bio-chemistry" that was developed in the Academy of Sciences USSR..

The institute is not providing for work on industrial biochemistryin the future, either. There was .none in the Seven-Year Plan nor theplans for the future. It is characteristic that in the Seven-Year Planfor the introduction of new technology formulated in the GosplanUkrainian SSR, the Division of Biological Sciences was not even repre-sented.

As a result, the republic does not have enough specialists who couldorganize such research and lead it and there are weak ties between theo-retical science and the biochemical industry. The Ukrainian BiochemicalSociety also should think about this. This group of physiologists, blo-chemisti, and pharmacologists has never once in the past 10 or 12 yearsdevoted its discussions to questions of a tie with production. Onlylately have the first specialists from industry become members of thesociety.

It is also appropriate to note that the existing "biochemical in-dustry" often works by ancient methods and does not use modern methodsof technology and production control. Factories of the food and lightindustries usually do not have laboratories which could support thepractical workers with new methods and means. Often these factoriesthemselves are relatively small. However, there are many of them --and for this reason they especially need scientific leadership.

18. First Specializpd Institute for Low Temperature Research in Physics

Created in Khar'kov

Moscow, Trud, 31 Jan 63, p 3

The Physicotechnical Institute of Low Temperatures of the Academyof Sciences Ukrainian SSR is the first specialized establishment of itstype in the Soviet Union. Construction of the scientific village of theinstitute is now being completed in Kbar'kov.

The institute is condicting low temperature research aimed atcreating ultrahigh-strength materials.

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II. MEDICINE AND PUBLIC ALTH

USSR

19. Meeting of Academy of Medical Sciences Concludes

"17th Session of Academy of Medical Sciences USSR;" Moscow,Medituinskaya Gazeta, 12 Feb 63, p 2

The 17th session of the general meeting of the Academy of MedicalSciences USBR concluded recenlty in Leningrad. The 6-day session wasdevoted to problems of virology. The scientific reports given at thesession presented many new facts and observations on the role of virusesin human pathology. The session demonstrated that Soviet scientists areworking intensively in this field and have gathered and reported inter-esting and original information.

About 60 people took part in the discussion of the 19 scientificreports presented at the meetings. They also discussed reports aboutthe realization of the resolutions of the Central Committee CTSU and theCouncil of Ministers USSR, "On Measures for Further Improving the Selec-tion and Training of Scientific Personnel" and "On Measures for theFurther Development of Biological Science and Strengthening Its RelationWith Practice."

A group of scientists were awarded diplomas of nominal prizes of theAcademy of Medical Sciences USSR.

The session elected Prof S. R. Mardashev and Prof V. V. Parin vice-presidents of the academy. Prof 0. V. Kerbikov was elected chiefscientific secretary of the academy.

Scientists from Poland, Bulgaria, Rumania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia,and the German Democratic Republic took part in the session.

The closing speech was given by the president of the academy, N. N.Blokhin.

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20. Public Health Facilities

"For Your Health!" by 2. V. Kurashov, Minister of PublicHealth USSR; Moscow, Ogonyek No 8(1861), 17 Feb 63,p 10-11

The Minister of Public Health USSR notes in this article thatthere are 38,70" ambulatories and polyclinics in the USSRp establishedin various localities. The modern Soviet polyclinic has at its dis-posal many physicians of various specialities, therapeutic and diag-nostic offices, end laboratories. Even this is not regarded as iueal --the aim ic to guard each person against the possibility of disease.People are treated free ol charge in the Soviet Union, at the expenseof the state. In coming years, Kurashov states, there will be freesanitoriums for patients, and medicines are already given free to allpatients in hospitals and to certain groups of ambulatory patients.

Speaking about the status of malaria and other epidemic diseasesinlie USSR, Kurashov says that in 1960, for all intents and purposesmalaria was eradicated, and also completely eradicated were plague,smallpox, cholera, relapsing typhoid, and guinea worm, a serioushelminthosis disease. Tuberculosis is also gradually vanishing.The tuberculosis rate among city-dwellers has decreased by over 50percent in 10 years. This is completely natural: people are livingbetter than they did 10 years ago, there are new effective preparation,end results of antituberculosis vaccination of children are appearing.It is possible to speak about the complete eradication of tuberculosis,according to the author. They are working on reliable means of pre-venting and treating typhusp dysentery, and other acute Intestinal,diseases. In this area much depends on the status of water basins(water is one of the --4n sources of spreading diseases) and expansionof the water supply network and seer system, and finally, on personalhygiene.

Kurashov states that the serious problem now is posed by hypertonicdisease, atherosclerosis, angina pectorls, myocardial infarct, cardio-sclerosis, rheuimatic heart disease, and affection of the brain veisels.Many gcyerment institutions and organizations are taking part in theirsolution. This problem was at the center of attention of the FifthConference of Ministers of Health of Countries of Socialist Cooperation.The main directions of scientific research were determined and generalprinciples of treatment were recomended; also discussod was the bestplace for people suffering from cardiovascular diseases "o work.

About 1,500 cardiorheumatological offices and 70 cardiorheumato-logi LA centers have been established in the country, which containeverything necessary for early and precise diagnosis of diseases. Itis very important not only to know how to treat diseases of the heart

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and vessels, but also how to prevent them. Here is where a dis-pensary system is necessary! It is already in practice at largeplants, factories, mines, and in pits. The primary usistants tothe physician there are sports and pbyiical culture.

In the last 5 years alone the number of physicians has increasedalmost 30 percent and has become higher than any other country of theworld. There is one doctor for every 516 people in the USSR (ex-cluding dentists), but, for example, there is one doctor for every620 people in Austria, for every 780 in the US, for every 900 inCanada (1960)j and for every 960 people in England and Wales (1960).

The USSR is also first in angal graduation of specialists withhigher medical education. In prerevolutionary Russian, all the 17higher medical educational institutions annually produced mly 900physicians. Now more than 180,000 stdents are studying in medicalvuzes and on the medical faculties of universities. They represent113 nationalities.

A Rovernment system for advanced training of physicians has beenestablished in the USSR, the likes of which does not exist in anycapitslist country. There are special institutes where a Sovietphysician can constantly increase his knowledge. In 1961 about37,000 people raised their qualifications. Physicians taking improve-ment courses keep the salary from their place of work and also re-ceive a stipend and free transportation to and from the location oftheir courses.

For the solution of such important problems of modern medicineas the interaction of viruses and cellso the structure, composition,and function of proteins and nucleic acids, the physiology and bio-chemistry of regeneration of the normal cell in a malignant oe, andproblems of heridity and immunity, much depends on personnel and thetraining of specialists. Appropriate departnents will be establishedin medical vuzes; acceptance of students for special departments willbe opened in the spring. It is necessary to reconstruct educationalprograms and plans of scientific research. Old problem laboratorieswill be strengthened and new ones will be established.

For the Seven-Year Plan the capital investment in the medicalindustry is 430 million rubles; this is four times that in the pre-ceding 7 years. Twenty-three 'edical industry plants and 25 pharma-ceutical factories will be built, and 106 existing enterprises willbe rebuilt. The number of pharmacies will also be increased. In 1961there were more than 15,000 in the system of the ministry. By 1965,6,500 more will be added. Also, in the last several years the priceof medicines has decreased 50 percent.

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New hospitals, polyclinics, and laboratories are being built everyyear. If in the first 3 years of the Seven-Year Plan (1959-1961),the number of places in hospitals and clinics of the Ministry of HealthUSSR increased by 302,500; by the end of the Seven-Year Plan, 4341 300more will be added. Then there will be about 2.2 million places. Thiswill come as the result of construction of new, chiefly large hospitalsof up to 600 beds.

Much is being done for the develolment, of medical science. In 1962,clinics of the Institute of Pediatrics of the Academy of Medical SciencesUSSR, of the Central Institute of Tra tology and Orthopedics, radio-logical laboratories, and medical institutes in union republics wentinto operation.

21. Improvement in Hoslital Care Discussed at Conference

"ALL-Union Conference on Hospital. Service to the Populationof the USSR," by V. S. Kozarinj Moscow, Vo romy Okaterinstw i Detstva, Vol 8, No 1, Jan 63, PY 91-93

An all-union conference on hospital service to the population ofthe USR was held in Moscow 25-29 November 1962. The 1,500 partici-pants included organizers of public health service, scientists,practical physicians, nursesp representatives of the prtyj, soviet, andtrade union organizationsp builders, and architects. A total of 50reports were read.

The first report was red by S. V. Kurashov, Minister of emalth USSR.He discussed the status of hospital service and measures which must betaken to improve hospital care in the USSR. Kurashov gve his analysisof what has been .ccomplished to date and indicated how the goal set bythe OPU can be reached in the shortest time possible. He sad that byautumn 1962 the total capacity of USeR hospitals reached 1,845,000 beds,which is ar increase of 102,000 beds over the number available during1961.

S. V. Kurashov stressed that hospital care of children is the primarytask of health agencies. Infant mortality is decreasing year after year,he said.

L. K. Skorankova, Deputy Chief for Administration of SpecializedMedical Aid of the Ministry of Health USSR, stated that the nmmber ofhospital beds for children in the USSR has more than doubled in thepast 10 years.

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Figures presented by L. S. Kutira, Deputy Minister of Health RSFSR,showed that children received better medice'. care in independentlyfunctioning children's hospitals than in children's sections of generalhospitals. She called attention to the fact that the child mortalityrate in self-contained children's hospitals of the RSFSR has beenconsistently lower than in children's sections of hospitals of generalmedicine.

22. Scientific Works in Field of Physical Culture

"On the Guidance of Student Scientific Works," by 0. Ehyazeva;Moscow, Teoriya i Praktika Fizicheskoy Kul'turys No 11,1962, pp 76-79

According to this article, the development of physical culture andsports in the Soviet Union and the further improvement of the Sovietsystem of physical education depends particularly on the status ofscientific research work in this field. The scientific work of studentsplays a determining role in the training of scientific personnel; it istherefore important to attract students of higher physical culture ed-ucational establishments to scientific work. It is necessary both toraise the number of students participating in scientific groups andraise the quality of scientific research.

In 1961, at the All-Union Competition for the Best Scientific Workby Students on Physical Culture and Sports, organized by the Ministryof Higher and &-conlary Special Education, 27 scientific works weresubmitted in competition, and in the 1961-1962 academic year 48 wo.*swere submitted. This showA the deficient level of scientific work ofstudents. There are 16 institutes of rhysical culture in the country,including more than 200 academic chairs, end about 50 faculties ofphysical education, which are also composed of several academic chairs.If each one organized a student scientific group, there would be about500 of them, each of which should sponsor a scientific work for theAll-Union Competition. But these institutes and faculties generally couldnot find scientific works worthy of competition.

Characteristic deficiencies in student research in this field in-cluded the following: weakness or lack of a literary summary, scarcityof use of modern methods of research or experiments, serious mistakesin the organization of experiments, and absence of modern methods oftreating materials. These deficiencies, according to the author, showthat scientific leaders teach the students little about basic principlesof scientific research. Heads of institutes, academic chairms, andscientific student groups must give more attention to improving thequality of the scientific work of students.

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Oc.. basic rules for judging the quality of the works are alsogiven.

The following table summarizes the problems mentioned above byshowing the mall number of works submitted in competition for prizesby the various institutes of physical culture.

No of Works Those AwardadInstitutes of Physical Culture Submitted for Medals or

Competition Certificates

Moscow 8 h.Leningrad 6 1 medal; 3 certificatesL' vov 12 3Kiev 2 1Belorussian 1Smolensk 1Omsk 2 1Armenian 1 -Georgian -Uzbek I 1Latvian 2 1Lithuanian 1 -Voronezh Pedagogical Institute, ---Faculty of Physical Education 3 1

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23. First All-Union Cardiological Conference Concludes

"First All-Union Cardiological Conference"; Baku,Bakinskiy Rabochiv, 6 Feb 63, p 2

"Liningrad (TABS) The First All-Union Cardiological Conference wasdevoted to problems of preventing cardiovascular diseases, especially oneof the most terrible afflictions, myocardial infarct. The conference hasconcluded. About, 500 prominent specialists participated in the conference:therapists, surgions, neuropathologists, pediatricians, physiologists, andmedical workers of other specialties from all the union republics.

"Member of the Academy of Medical Sciences USSR A. L. Myasnikov inhis repor' characterized the results of the research of Soviet scientistsin recent years. He em~hasized that functional disturbances of the organ-ism's nervous system are the most important factors in the development ofmyocardial infarct. He cited data supporting the fact that myocardialinfarct occurs three times as ofteu in people engaged in strenuous mentallabor as in those engaged in physical labor.

"The most important base of development of myocardial infarct is

arteriosclerosis, he noted. Hence its prophylaxix is the main way ofpreventing myocardial infarct.

"Prof Z. M. Volynskiy of the Military-Medical Academy imeni S. M.Kirov characterized present-day methods and means of rreventing arterio-sclerosis.

"The report of Academician Hero of Socialist Labor A. N. Bakulev onsurgical methods of treatment which make it possible to improve signific-cantly the blood supply of the heart in cases of myocardial infarct pro-voked a great deal of interest. Analyzing about 1, 500 such operations thathave been done at therapeutic establishments in the Soviet Union, Bakulevsaid that satisfactory results from the treatment were noted in 8ub of thecases.

"The scientists emphasized that the next problem of Soviet medical

workers is the development of operative methods for replacing pathologicallychanged vessels with artificial ones.

"Member of the Academy of Medical Sciences Hero of Socialist LaborV. N. Vinogradov, Member of the Academy of Medical Sciences B. V. Petrovskiy,Corresponding Member of the Academy of Medical Sciences USSR P. Ye. Luvkomskiy,and other prominent scientists also delivered reports at the conference.

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"An All-Union Scientific Cardiological Society was created by a

decision of the canference. Corresponding Member of the Academy ofMedical Sciences USSR P. Ye Iukomskiy was elected chairman of the society,and prominent Soviet scientists-academicians N. N. Anichkov and A. N.Bakulev, and Members of the Academy of Medical Sciences USSR G. N.Sperans iy, V. N. Vinogradov, P. A. Kupriyanov, N. N. Savitskly, andV. F. Zelenin were elected honorary members of the cardiological society."

24. Medical Genetics Discussed at Leningrad Symposium

"Symposium on Medical Genetics"; Moscow, Pxiroda. No 1, 1963,pp 114-15

A symposium on medical genetics, called by the Institute of Experi-mental Medicine of the Academy of Medical Sciences USSR, was held inLeningrad 29-31 October 1962. A great deal of interest was attracted byreports devoted to physicochemical analysis of mutation called forth bythe action of chemical agents (nitrous acid) not on the cells, but ondesoxyribonucleic acid isolated from them which was then used as a trans-forming agent in bacteria (S. Ye. Bresler, Leningrad), to regulation andsynthesis of enzymes on the genetic level (George Cohen, France), and tocancer and cellular heredity (Yu. M. Olenov, Leningrad).

Investigations of hereditary disturbances of the integrity of ofhuman chromosomes, summarized inthe report of A. A. Rrokof'yevaya-Bel'-govskaya (Moscow), were of great theoretical and practical value. Itwas explained that these disturbances in chromosomes (irradiation) canbe linkedwith subsequent leukemic diseases.

25. Activities of Institute of Poliomyelitis and Virus EncephalitisFights Polio at Home and Abroad

"We Export Health," by V. Arsen'yev; MoscowKomsomol'skayaPravda 30 Jan 63, p 4

The Institute of Poliomyelitis and Virus Encephalitis of the Academyof Medical Sciences USSR was founded in Moscow in 1955. Within a yearthe institute had prepared its first series of vaccine. To the presenttime more than 230 million inoculations have been administered in theSoviet Union; of these, 126 million were for the second time.

In the last 43ears, the institute has exported about 153 millioninoculation doses to 26 countries. The majority of these have gone toCuba, India, Indonesia, Egypt, Syria, Mali, and Ceylon.

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26. Interdistrict Serological Laboratory in Leningrad

'Three Years of Work Experiences of the United Serolog-ical Laboratory," by Candidate of Medical Sciences T. A.Demchenko, S. N. Grudinina, and Ye. N. Yermilova, fromthe Interdistrict Serological Laboratory of Dermatovenero-logical Dispensary No 3 in Leningrad; Moscow, Vestnik Derma-tologii i Venerologii, No 9, 1962, PP 71-73

According to this article, the broad network of serological labor-atories established in the Soviet Union has played a significant partin controlling veneral diseases. However, in spite of the achievementsof Soviet and foreign serologists, serological diagnosis of veneraldiseases in certain laboratories is conducted by methods which do notcorrespond to the contemporary level of knowledge. This, the articlestates, is because many small laboratories were opened in which sero-logical research is conducted once a week and the number of sera testeddoes not exceed 20-50. These laboratories are poorly equipped, preventingthem from using the newest research methods; they do not have control sera;and most of all, the research is often conducted by poorly qualified workers.

In order to eliminate these deficiencies an interdistrict serologicallaboratory was organized in Leningrad in 195c following the decree ofthe Ministry of Health RSFW of 8 October 1958 about improving serologicalassistance and strengthening control over the work of laboratories forproviding the populations with highly qualified serological assistance.

At present, the interdistrict werological laboratory serves sevendistricts of the city with 82 medical institutions, and two more unitedlaboratories are being organized to serve the remaining districts ofLeningrad. The diagnostic work of the laboratory consists of complexserological diagnosis of syphillis and gonorrhea. The laboratory isserved by two physicians, four laboratory technicians, and two nurses.The daily capacity of such a laboratory is 500-600 serum samples. Thelaboratory is adequately equipped and the means of equipment and re-agents are provided on a self-supporting basis. Negotiations are heldannually with institutions served by the laboratory, according to rhichthe therapeutic institutions pay their accounts at the end of the month.

Scientific work is conducted in the laboratory and the cadres ofserologists which serve Leningrad and the oblasts are also trained there.Besides the daily materials, the laboratory also conducts special re-search on materials sent from other cities. Results of their work aresumarized in articles or reports.

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Three years of wo rk of the joint serological laboratory have shownits clear advantage over small scattered laboratories. Qualified per-sonnel, daily conduct of reactions, modern apparatus, presence of con-trol, and the freeing of personnel of small laboratories and using themin medical institutions of other areas are some results of the establish-ment of the interdistrict laboratory. In addition, the cost of conductingresearch has decreased. Whereas one analysis cost 30 kopecks, beforethe laboratories were united, after they were united the cost was 10kopecks.

27. Ieniqrad Radiation Protection Research Institute

Budapest, Muszaki Elt, Vol 18, No 4, Feb 63, p 9

The Leningrad Radiation Protection Scientific Research Instituteis concerne Avith the 1lgiene of radiation. This is a problem to .11.persons who ae exposed.to radioactive ra&lation in an cpacity whatso-ever. In the course of this work, the institute ,investigates radioacti-vity of air, water, soil, and foodstuffs. Research is conducted in thick-walled chanbers which make it possible to exclude the effects of cosmicradiation. In these chambers the effect of radiation sources on theliving organism is studied an& measured.

28. Session at First Moscow Medical Institute

"News of Vuzes"; Moscow, Moskovskeya Pravda, 19 Feb 63,p3

A !0-ay session was held recently at the First Moscow Medical In-stitute, at which more than 120 physicians from Moskovskaya and Tul'skayaoblasts heard reports on interesting problems and became familiar withthe work of institute clinics and the newest methods.

Also, capital repairs to the educational building of the First MoscowMedical Institute, located on Suvorov boulevard, have been completed. Thepharmacy department received an excellent, well-built location, accordingto the article.

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29. Medical Conference of Northern Gran of Forces

"Military Physicians Exchange Experience," by Col MediServ I. Bukhalovskly Candidate of Medical Sciences;Moscow, Krasnava Zvezda, 9 Jan 63, p 3

The Ninth Medical Scientific-Practical COnference of the NorthernGroup of Forces lasted for 3 days. Unit physicians, specialists fromtherapeutic establishments, and officers of the medical service of thePolish Army participated in the conferences. Reports were deliveredon urgent problems of the medical protection of the troops and onfield therapy and surgery.

The reports of officers Borisov, Ponomarev, Osipov, and otherswho generalized the experience of field studies and the therapeutic-.diagnostic work of hospitals were very interesting. Valuable facturalmaterial was presented in the report of officers Pas'ko and Chorgolashvili.A training film was shown at the conference.

Republics

30. Caucasus Medical and Veterinary S2ecialists Meet

"Conference of Medical and Veterinary Specialists";Baku, Bakinskiy RabochiY, 27 Feb 63, p 3

A scientific-practical conference of medical and veterinary spec-ialists of Transcaucasia and the Northern Caucasus, devoted to problemsof prevention and control of zoonoses, opened 28 February in the republic'sHouse of Medical Workers. The conference was opened by A. K. Orudzhev,first deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers Azerbaydzhan SSR.

Reports on problems of controlling zoonoses were given at the firstmeeting by A. A. Boyklo, head of the Administration of Veterinary Medicineof the Ministry of Agriculture USSR. S. M. Smironov, deputy head of thedivisbn of the Ministry of Health USSR; Prof A. A. Polyakov (Moscow);Prof M. M. Ivanov (Moscow); Prof B. F. Medzhidov, chief epidemiologistof the Azerbaydzhan SSR; and A. D. Samedov, head of the Adminstration ofVeterinary Medicine of the Ministry of Production and Procurement ofAgricultural Products Azerbaydzhan SSR.

The conference was to last several days.

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"Conference of Caucasus Medical and Veterinary SpecialistsHas Concluded;" Balm, Bakinskiy Rabochiy 2 Mar 63, p 2

Summing up the results of the conference of Caucasus medical andveterinary specialists which was held in Balm 26-28 February, Prof S.Ya Iqubashenko (Moscow), a microbiologist and State Prize Winner, saidthat problems of controlling zoonoses are of particular interest in lightof decisions of the party and government to decrease the incidence ofcertain zoonoses and eradicate others in the coming years.

In Icubashenko's opinion, the most valuable work of the conferencewas that almost every report contained new, scientifically based infor-mation on the prevention of these diseased and development of rapidmethods of diagnosing them.

Delegates from Azerbaydzhan, Georgia, Dagestan, and KrasnodarskiyKray presented interesting reports on their experience of eradicatingbrucellosis, particularly in sheep and goats.

Georgian, Azerbaydzhan, and Armenian scientists reported new,important information on problems of leptospirosis in various types ofanimals and the role of agricultural and wild animals in the epidemiologyof leptospirosis in man.

Medical men from Moscow, Checheno-Ingushetia, and Azerbaydzhanpresented new material on the successful treatment of leptospirosis inhumans with gamma globulin.

An enlarged resolution regarding problems of controlling zoonosesand the development of scientific research in this field was passed atthe conference.

31. Shortage of Professional Medical Personnel and Equipment inBelorussian Bacteriological Laboratories

"The Status and Prospects for Further Development ofSanitary-Bacteriological laboratories in the Belo-russian SSR," by M. A. Gbrilovich; Minsk, Zdravookh-raneniye Belorussii. No .1, Nov 62, pp 52-57

The author of this article reports that the work of the sanitary-bacteriological laboratories in Belorussian is far from satisfactory.A total of 152 sanitary-bacteriological laboratories are currentlyfunctioning within the framework of sanitary-epidemiological stationsand rayon hospitals of the republic. Although 233 medicalo~ficer

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positions were allocated to these sanitary-bacteriological laboratories,only 202 of the positions have been filled. Each state sanitation in-spector in 40 rayons of the Belorussian SSR also holds the position ofphysician-bacteriologist, Those inspectors are paid both as sanitationinspectors and as physicians-bacteriologists even though they actuallydo no work in any bacteriological laboratory.

In addition to a shortage of professional medical personnel, bacter-iological laboratories of the Belorussian SSR lack proper equipment. Noresponse has been received from the Main Administration for Drugs andSanitary Equipment to requests for necessary equipment.

The work load of bacteriological laboratories has been risingevery year. Sanitary-bacteriological laboratories of the BelorussianSSR completed 1.5 million bacteriological analyses during 1960, anincrease of 13% over the number of analyses completed during 1959, yetsupervision over the water supply in rural areas is very poorly organized.Only .1,100 chemical and 15,565 bacteriological tests of well water weremade during 1960. This means that wel water was tested an average oftwice a week. Xxamination of food products which spoil rapidly is alsoinadequate.

Scientific research institutes and chairs of hygiene made up a listof studies that must be conducted by rayon, city, and oblast bacterio-logical laboratories. They indicated the methods to be used and theequipment necessary to conduct the studies. The minimum productionrequired of each sanitary medical officer and physician-epidemiologistwas defined at the request of the Ministry of Health Belorussian SSR.

32. Work of MLnsk Medical Institute Students in Student ScientificSociety Described

"The Road to a Great Dream," by L. Gigevich; Minsk, SovetskayaBelorussiva, 15 Feb 63, p 4

The article states that one fifth of the students at t:l MinskMedical Institute belong to one of the 33 clubs of the students scientificsociety. The students do research projects under the direction of scient-ists in their field. The society is now preparing for the republic'sthird inspection of scientific students' work and for the 22d Conferenceof the institute's scientific students society.

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Among the scientific working with this group are Prof B. Yu.Sidoravichus, head of the department of skin diseases at the KaunasMedical Institute; Prof N. Misyuk; and Docent Vadim AleksandrovichBandarin. Several former members of this society have since becomereccgnized scholars. These include G. 1. Sidorenko, head of the therapydepaxtment at the Minsk Medical Xnstitutes; departmental assistants0. P. Komov and M. N. Tsvirko; and postgraduate students and scientificassociates V. K. Fx.khta, Ye. P. Ivanov, and Ye. F. Konoplya.

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33. Central Scientific Research Laboratory Created at Tbilisi MedicalInstitute

"New Center for Creative Research"; Tbilisi, Zarya Vostoka,7 Feb 63, p 4

A Central Scientific Research Laboratory (TsNIL) has been createdand is now in operation at the Tbilisi Medical Institute.

The deputy rector of the institute for scientific work, Correspond-ing Member of the Academy of Sciences Georgian SSR Prof D. M. Gedevanish-Tili, discussed the goals of the organization of the laboratory and thework it will do with the correspondent.

The scientific research laboratories which have been created at themedical institutes of the country by the decision of the government, hesaid, are true centers for the further development of medical scienceand are also bases for those people who are working on doctoral andcandidate dissertations.

Besides the direct staff of TO scientific and scientific-techni-cal personnel, 60 doctors of medical sciences and 120 candidates willwork on various problems of experimental and clinical medicine in the'laboratory.

Basic attention, he continued, will be given to the study of themost important problems of medicine -- cardiovascular diseases, malig-nant tumors, virus infections, etc. The complex working out of theseproblems includes biochemistry, cytology, biology, physics, chemistry,and other branches of science. A bionics sector, although stillrather small, is also in action in the newly organized laboratory.

34. Natural Foci of Diseases Discussed

"Conference on Natural Foci of Diseases"; Moscow, VestnikAkademii Nauk SSSR, No 2, 1963, pp 71-72

The fifth conference of the Central Asian republics and Kazakhstanon problems of natural foci of diseases and parasitology was conductedby the Institute of Zoology of the Acader of Sciences Kirgiz SSR andthe Society of Parasitologists of Kazakhstan on 24-28 September 1962 inFrunze. Taking part in the conference were 320 delegates from variouslarge scientific centers of the Soviet Union, including Moscow. Of the236 reports given at the conference, 7 were given at plenary sessionsand 229 at meetings of four sections.

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Reports in the section on natural foci of diseases were devoted toQ-fever, plague, brucellosis, listeriosis, leptospirosis, and otherdiseases. New information was introduced about the role of ioxidicticks as possible vectors of the foot and mouth disease virus, aboutthe role of rodents as reservoirs of necrobacillosis pathogens, etc.

The problem of toxoplasmosis was at the center of attention inthe protozoology section. The speakers demonstrated the active roleof this disease in the pathology of humans and agricultural animals.Ways of eradicating trypanosomiasis of agricultural animals, trichmonasof large cattle, and piroplasmosis of horses were outlined.

Participants of the arachnoid-entemology section discussed problemsof the control of vectors of diseases -- mosquitoes, gnats, fleas, ticks,and ectoparasites. It vms recognized necessary to initiate the studyo:f natural foci of diseases, biocenosis of burrows, and the search fornow preparations to control these vectors and ectoparasites.

The reports in the helminthology section touched on such problemsn~ anthropohelminthoses, helminthoses with natural foci, epizootologrof helminthoses of agricultural animals, and new antihelminths. Aresolution was passed to expand the study of natural foci of helminthosesand he lminthofaima of a".imatized anil and fish.

35. Oncological Conference in Alma-Ata

"Sixth Conference of Oncologists and Radiologists of theKazakh SSR," by V. A. Bernshteyn and S. Sh. Baymakanova;Alma-Ata, Zdravookhranenive Kazakhstana. No 12, 1962, pp63-65

This article notes that at the Sixth Conference of Oncologistsand Radiologists of the kazakh SSR which was held in Alma-Ata 23-26 Oc-tober 1962, many speakers emphasized the serious deficiencies whichstill exist in supplying the anticancer service of the republic withmodern equipment, preparations, nre qualified personnel and mentionedthe slcw rate of constructing oncological establishments.

A resolution was passed at the conference regarding the estab-lishment of a Society of Oncologists and Radiologists of the Kazakh SSR.The board of the society was chosen and consists of 40 people, who areleading oncologists and radiologists of the republic and scientists ofallied specialties. Members of the presidium of the board are S.B.Balmukhanov, chairman; S.Sh. Baymakanova, secretary; and S.N. Nugmanov,A.N. Syzganov, and T.D. Trofimenko, deputy chairmen.

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36. Conference on Resuscitation Held in Y'runze

"Fighting for the Life of Man"; Frunzep SovetskayaKirgiziya, 26 Mar 63, p 2

A scientific session called by the Institute Regional Medicineof the Academy of Sciences Kirgiz SSR and devoted to problems of re-suscitation of the organism opened on 24 March in Frunze. Takingpart in the session, besides Kirgiz scientists, were associates of theLaboratory of Experimental Physiology for Resuscitation of the Organ-ism of the Academy of Medical Sciences USSR, headed by Prof V. A.Negovskiy, and also representatives of scientific and medical insti-tutions of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.

The report of V. A. Negovskiy was devoted to the basic principlesof reanimatology, a new branch of medical science which studies proces-ses of expiration of the organism and develops measures for saving thelife of a person who is on the edge of death.

Prof I. V. Danilov (Moscow) reported on the work experience ofspecial medical centers and brigades in resuscitation of patients.

B. A. Posevin, a physician on the chair of traumatology and ortho-pedics of the Kirgiz Medical Institute, told about the case of success-ftly reanimating patient K.

Prof A. Yu. Tilis reported on the work being conducted in theKirgiz Medical Institute in connection with the dearch for methods ofresuscitating the organism by means of intense overheating.

The scientific session was to continue for 3 days. About 20reports were to be presented and discussed.

37. Public Health Workers Meet in Turkmenistan

"Conference of Medical Workers of Turlovenistan"; Ashkhabad,Turkmenskaya Iskra, 15 Mar 63, p 4

A republic conference of medical workers was held recently inAshkhabad at the Turkmen Medical Institute, with scientists from Turk-menistan and neighboring republics taking part.

D.N. Nepesov, Minister of Health Turkmen SSR, opened the con-ference. The agenda included the problem of sharply lowering anderadicating infectious diseases. Ye.A. Radzivonchik, Deputy Ministerof Health Turkmen SSR, presented a report.

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The chief sanitsry inspector of the Turkmen SSR, K. Orazmamedov,devoted his report to problems of sanitary inspection. V. Mdmayev,chief physician of the republic sanitary-epidemiological station, toldabout measures for improving specific prevention of infectious diseases.Ye. Popova, director of the Ashkhabad Institute of Epidemiology and!~giene, discussed the work of the bacteriological laboratories andproblems of improving them.

Other reports dealing with the problems of infectious diseaseswere presented by scientists-medical men from Moscow and Ashkhabad.

38. Moldavian Forensic-Medical Workers Meet in Kishinev

"Conference of Forensic Medical Workers," by G. Bluvshteyn,physician; Kishinev, Sovetskaya Moldavia. 13 Feb 63, p 4

'le Republic Conference of Forensic-Medical Workers has concludedin Kishinev. The results of the work of the past years were summed up,and questions related to improving the activity of the forensic medicalservice were discussed. Participants of the conference became acquaintedwith the newest scientific achievements in the area of forensic medicaland criminal law.

39. New Sanatorim Opens in Ukraine

M oscow, Pravda, 21 Feb 63, p 4

The first sanatorium in the Soviet Union for the treatment ofchildren suffering from chronic infectious polyrwthritis has openedin Yevatoriya (Ukraine).

40. Tasks for Medical Workers in Uzbekistan

"New Step Toward Ccmaanism"; Tashkent, Meditsinskiy ZhurnalUzbekistan, No 12, Dec 62, pp 3-6

The November 1962 Plenum of the Central Committee CPSU has placedbefore medical workers and public health agencies great tasks for asharp improvement in medical service for agricultural and industrialworkers.

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In Uzbekistan it is planned to develop 600,000 hectares of newlands by the end of the Seven-Year Plan, which will facilitate therise of new kOlkhozes, sovkhozes, cities, and workers settlements invhich about one million people will be settled. Appropriate hygienicstandards must be planned and built for these cities and settlements.

Problems of labor hygiene which arise as a result of the furthermechanization of cotton growing must be solved with the cooperation ofhygienists, physiologists, toxicologists, neurapathologists, andtherapeutists.

In connection with the wide application of chemical weed killers(defoliants, desiccants, fungicides, and insecticides) in the agricul-ture of the republic, it is necessary, in thenear future, to work outtheir toxicology and problems of labor hygiene during work with them.

The network of factories In the republic for processing variousagricultural crops has developed wide3y, and they are being automated,but hygienic recomendations for Improving labor conditions are farfronm being submitted in full. Mycotoxioos:s and "bessinos" have ap-peared among the workers in these factories. Hygienists of the re-public, together with other specialists of the republic, must work onthe prevention of these diseases in the near future.

To raise the labor productivity of workers of various branches ofindustry, medical workers of industrial enterprises must summarize theirobservations in the field of physiology of labor and the effect of in-dustrial processes on the health of man, and familiarize technicalspecialists with this information. This will aid administrations ofenterprises in better establishing measures for improving technologyand establishing more favorable working conditions.

In order to improve the health care of workers, it is necessary tofurther increase the activity of medical-sanitary sections and madewider use of the advanced experience of shop physicians in serving theworkers in industrial enterprises.

Medical workers of Uzbekistan will aim at solving these problems,according to the article.

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41. Sanita Education Workers Meet in Uzbekistan

"Medical Men Cem*e.," by M. Tonkonogov and A. RakhImov;Tashkent, Pravda Vostoka, 30 Jan 63, p 4

Medical workers of houses of sanitary education from variouscities and rayon and oblast centers of Uzbekistan were in Tashkentrecently for a 3-day seminar. B.Kh. Magzumnov, Minister df HealthUzbek SSR, told them about the tasks of workers of institutions ofsanitary education which arose from the decisions of the 22d PartyCongress. Prof B.Ye. Vyazov, a guest ft.m Moscow, gave a reportentitled "On Modern Problems of Biolog in Medicine."

The participants of the seminar discussed the status of sanitaryeducation among the population of Uzbekistan. N. Dzhamalov, chiefphysician of the republic House of Sanitary Education, and S. Ibragimov,chief physician of MeAngren City House of Sanitary Education, wereamong the participants who reported about their work.

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III. COR SOVIET SCIENIFIC OFOANIZATIONS

42. Scientific-Technical Societies Meet

"Seventh Plenum of VNTO"; Moscow, Nauchno-TekhicheskiyeObshohestva SSSR, No 10, Oct 62, p 1

The regular Seventh Plenum of the All-Union Council of Scientific-Technical Societies (VSNTO) was held in September 1962. Taking part inthe plenary session were chairmen, deputy chairman, and scientificsecretaries of administrations, of republic, kray, and oblast councils ofscientific-technical societiesp the All-Union Society for Propagation ofPolitical and Scientific Knowledge, the All-Union Exhibition of Achieve-ments of the National Economy, the Academy of Sciences USSR, statecommittees., ministries, sovnarkhozes, and other representatives ofvarious scientific-technical societies.

V. 0. S:luyanov, chairman of the All-Union Council of Scientific-Technical Societiesp gave a report about stren-thening the work of organi-zations of the Scientific-Technical Society for mbilizing the scientificand engineering-technical community to fulfill the plans for variousbranches of industry and the economy.

The plenum passed a resolution which outlined tasks of the scientific-technical societies and called for strengthening and broadening theactivity of scientific research institutes, design bureaus, bureaus ofeconomic analysis, and other forms of work of the Scientific-TechnicalSociety on public bases.

They also called on various administrations and councils to aid theintroduction of the latest advances into industry and asked all membersof scientific-technical societies to aid in fulfilling plans of scientificresearch work and the introduction of achievements of science and engineeringinto the national economy.

43. Training Young Scientists

"Universities, Scientific Institutions, Industry; A FewThoughts About the Relation Between the Higher School andLife," by Academician I. Petrovskiyj rector of MoscowUniversity; Moscow, Prajda, 20 Mar 63, p 2

"The Coumist Party and the Soviet government are constantly concernedabout strengthening the relation of the higher school with life, withpractice. In the higher educational institutions much is being done sothat students, during their training, will be closely acquainted with

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their future work, in order to cultivate in them a respect for work ingeneral and for physical work in particular. This is very important.But not less important is strengthening the relations of the vuz itselfpas a collective, or its professorial-instructor staff, with industry, withscientific institutions of corresponding types.

"How can an engineer who himself is not connected with industry and)perhaps, never worked in a plant, teach in a vuz? It seems to me thatinstructors of engineering and agronomicsl disciplines should periodicallybe sent to industry, and it would also be useful for instructors inuniversities to periodically rk in scientific research institutions orhigher educational institutions in which there are qualified personnel andgood conditions for scientific work. In their turn the most qualifiedengineers, agronomists, and scientists must teach in vuzes, educatestudents. Higher educational establishments, and industry, and scientificinstitutions would benefit from such an echange. Theoretical institutes,not connected directly with applied or experimental work, should, in ouropinion, have a 'eaaratively small number of permanent associates fromamong the great scientists and an alternate staff of attached workers ofvuzes and other scientific establishments.

"In order to assure fulfillment of the tasks placed before Sovietscientists by the CPSU program -- to occupy the leading position in worldscience in all basic directions -- it is necessary for us to have manytalented, well-trained scientific youth. As a rule, young scientistsgrow in collectives, in which there are mature, experienced scientists.The status of the material base is also of great significance in thisway. Training good young specialists, for examplej in the field of experi-mental sciences is possible only under the conditions that they will havethe opportunity to work on moderate scientific equipment. Therefore eachvuz must strive to have more outstanding scientists among its basicworkers and to have its laboratory outfitted with modern scientific equipment.

"Thanks to the great attention which the party and government givesto Moscow University, a large collective of leading scientists of thecountry has been formed here and good laboratories have been established.But even we do not now have outstanding specialists-scientists andmodern laboratories for all fields of science. Therefore we are organizingbranches (affiliates) of the university at the most important scientificcenters.

"The first of these is the branch at the Joint Institute ofNuclear Research in Dubna. Here there is a dormitory for students ofsenior courses) several rooms for instructors, and the necessary lecturerooms. The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research provides a qualifiedprofessoriel-instructor staff, and the opportunity to make use of modemequipment. It is thought that the most capable students not only of Moscow

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University but of certain other universities of the country can study atthis branch. In its turn it is desirable to send students from MoscowUniversity to other vuzesp for example, to Gorkiy University wheretraining of radio physisists is conducted on a high level.

"Institutes of the Academy of Sciences USSR could accept many studentsof the various vuzes for fulfillment of graduation theses and training ina speciality. It is necessary to add this so that capable students ofone university can take up scientific work under the leadership of themost qualifirl . icientists in a given field in other vuzes and scientificinstitutions. During the time of work in laboratories of Moscow StateUniversity and institutes of the Academy of Sciences which are located.in Moscow, it would be more rorvenient to transfer students of otheruniversities to our umversity. For this it is on3y necessary to expandits dormitory a little. If he wishes) thestudent can defend the graduatework which was completed in Moscow at his own university and receive hisdiploma there.

"I have mentioned the branch of Moscow State University at the JointInstitute of Nuclear Research in Dubna as an example. We are preparingto organize several of suih 'irenches at research institutions of theAcademy of Sciences USSR,

"We highly value these relations of Moscow University with the Academyof Sciences USSR and with other scientific institutions and universities&They must develop further so that as many leading scientists as possiblecan work with our students. I have turned to scientists of the academymore than once with such a request. Unfortunately, far from all of themhave readily responded to these appeals. The matter is particularly badin connection with the hunanitarian sciences. It is necessary to improvethis situation, but would it be correct for this purpose to transfer onewhole university to the subordination of the Academy of Scienees? Sucha proposal has been expressed in print. However, we cannot see whatbenefit this would be to the university or to the academy itself. Evennow the Academy of Sciences USSR has the right to control the scientificwork of vuzes and take an active part in the training of young specialists.

"Higher educational institutions and scientific establishments of ourcountry are still too isolated from one another. This hinders thebest selection of cadres of professors and instructors. This disassocia-tion also leads to the fact that each vuz strives to publish its "ScientificTransactions," in which the print works on the most varied problems ofscience. Certain vuzes publish special collections of student andgraduate works. I think that it is not necessary to do this. The goodworks published in such collections disappear and do not reach thespecialists; whereas, in general it is not necessary to print the poorones anywhere. It would be much better to increase the number of pagesand the number of our scientific journals which are published under theleadership of the most qualified scientists in the Academy of Sciences andlarge vuzes."

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44. Scientific Education in Azerba2zhan

"On the Status of Scientific Research Work and Tra