UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

THE UNFINISHED EXTRADITION TREATY BETWEEN INDONESIA

AND SINGAPORE

(2007-2012)

Presented as partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Sarjana Ilmu

Politik (S.IP) in the Department of International Relations, Social and Political

Sciences Faculty, University of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Written by:

Arselma Trus’tee Audrey

20110510119

Department of International Relations

Faculty of Social and Political Science

Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

2016

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ENDORSEMENT PAGE

This undergraduate thesis entitled:

THE UNFINISHED EXTRADITION TREATY BETWEEN INDONESIA AND

SINGAPORE (2007-2012)

Written by:

ARSELMA TRUS’TEE AUDREY

(20110510119)

This undergraduate thesis has been examined and endorsed by the Board of

Examiners from the Department of International program of International

Relations, Social and Political Sciences Faculty, University Muhammadiyah

Yogyakarta On:

Day / Date: Wednesday / December 30, 2015

Time: 08.00

Place: Ruang Sidang Fisipol

Acknowledged by,

Grace Lestariana W. S.IP, M.Si.

Advisor / Chairman of Board Examiners

Ali Muhammad, M.A., Ph.D

Examiner I

Adde Marup Wirasenjaya, S.IP,

M.A.

Examiner II

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STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY

This is to certify that to the best of my knowledge, the content of this thesis is my

own work. This Thesis has not been submitted for any degree or other purposes.

I certify that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work

and that all the assistance received in preparing this thesis and sources have been

acknowledged.

Yogyakarta, January 3rd, 2016

Arselma Trus’tee Audrey

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“

”

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This Undergraduate Thesis is dedicated to:

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It’s been a long journey for me to complete my undergraduate thesis and in the

process I would like to thank the important figures that have helped me in writing

this undergraduate thesis and have put the effort to help me to get through this

phase. I would like to thank,

Mrs. Grace Lestariana S.IP, M.Si as my advisor that have helped me a lot, so

much, give me confidence to write and complete my undergraduate thesis as good

as possible for more than a year, I can finally complete and get through this phase

Mr. Ali Muhammad M.A., Ph.D and Mr. Adde Marup Wirasenjaya S.IP,

M.A. as my examiners that also have helped me to improve and complete my

undergraduate thesis.

Mrs. Sitta Zumalla S. Ant as my Language Consultant that have patiently helped

me to make this writing as a beautiful writing, to make this writing is correct in

the term of grammar and is written in better language, easier to understand.

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EXTENDED GRATITUDE

Many people has not only helped but also motivated me in finishing this

undergraduate thesis, I would like to thank:

1. HS, de persoon die altijd naast me, helpt me om mijn probleem te

overwinnen, me motiveren om mijn scriptie te voltooien, helpen me

letterlijk in het proces van het schrijven, begeleiden mij in mijn reis voor

meer dan afgelopen 2 jaar onvoorwaardelijk van mij houdt. Ik weet niet of

ik zal klaar zijn met mijn schrijven als het was zonder hem. Dank u voor

altijd bij me.

2. Meyda Bestari my best friend that has always helping me since the

beginning with assignments and others, without hesitation.

3. Pramaditya Dewi Sekartaji for helping me with one of the theory that I use

in writing this thesis. Well, I have to write your name here even though it

is awkward.

4. Rayhana Fajria for patiently helping me with practicing Qur’an reading,

one thing that I always worry in the process of finishing my study.

5. Fatimah Artayu , Ditto Reyza, Maylita Kusuma and Mira Dewi that have

become my best friends also in living the live inside and outside college.

6. My beloved 7Wonders; Arin, Sekar, Dina, Bibie, Epik, Yani that have

always been my best friends also since our time in Senior High School,

friends that always supports me in up and down.

7. All of my friends in International Class batch 2011 class I, we have fought

together since the beginning, now it is time for us to make our fights were

not in vain.

8. All of my friends in Chelsea Indonesia Supporters Club Regional

Jogjakarta, as a second family for me, have become a place for me to

throw away my stress and make it easier for me to go through further.

9. Mrs. Linda Quayle, because without her I’m sure that I would have not

write this thesis, thank you for the assignment in South East Asia class,

thank you for what you have thought to me and thank you for motivating

me that you are sure I can do it.

10. Mrs. Atik, that have provided some important information related to the

thesis writing.

11. Mr. Waluyo that have helped me a lot in the process of the examination for

my undergraduate thesis.

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12. My weird pal, Maria Lee as a friend that always listening to my stories no

matter how weird it might be, for always motivating me.

13. To all my lecturers since the 1st semester until the last theoretical semester

that have taught me a lot of knowledge that I am sure will be beneficial for

my future. Especially Mr. TKH for the very important lesson.

14. My big family that always bothering me with the question “kapan lulus?

kapan wisuda?” so it becomes a big motivation for me to finish my

undergraduate thesis as soon as possible.

15. All of my friends, colleague that have parts in my journey in college that I

cannot mention one by one.

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ABSTRACT

This article aims to analyze the reason behind the unfinished extradition

treaty between Indonesia and Singapore. The author argues that the extradition

treaty is not finished yet as the Legislative of Republic Indonesia cannot agree on

the Defence Cooperation Agreement (DCA) which is included in the Extradition

Treaty. This research has shown that the reason behind the Legislative’s

disagreement is the contents in the DCA, which is according to the Legislative,

potentially violating the sovereignty of Indonesia. The author use the Graham

Allison’s Bureaucratic Politics model to identify how the Legislative

disagreement can cause the unfinished Extradition Treaty. This research has

applied such approach to analyze the problem in the process of the Extradition

Treaty between Indonesia and Singapore.

Keywords: Extradition Treaty, Indonesia, Singapore, DCA

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Table of Contents

COVER PAGE ............................................................................................................. i

ENDORSEMENT PAGE ........................................................................................... ii

STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ......................................................................... iii

DEDICATION PAGE: ............................................................................................... v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ......................................................................................... vi

EXTENDED GRATITUDE ..................................................................................... vii

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ x

LIST OF TABLE ...................................................................................................... xii

GLOSSARYUM ....................................................................................................... xiii

CHAPTER I: PRELIMINARY ................................................................................. 1

A. Background .................................................................................................. 2

B. Research Question ........................................................................................ 7

C. Theoretical Frameworks............................................................................... 7

Concept of Foreign Policy ............................................................................... 8

Perception Theory............................................................................................ 9

Governmental Politics Model (Bureaucratic Politics Models) ..................... 13

D. Hypothesis .................................................................................................. 18

E. Objective of The Research ......................................................................... 18

F. Range of The Research .............................................................................. 18

G. Methods of Writing .................................................................................... 19

H. Systematic Writing ..................................................................................... 19

CHAPTER II: EXTRADITION .............................................................................. 21

A. Extradition Treaty ...................................................................................... 22

A.1 Definition of Extradition Treaty .............................................................. 22

A.2 Elements of Extradition Treaty................................................................ 25

A.3 The Kinds of Extradition ......................................................................... 28

A.4 The System of Criminal Arrangement ..................................................... 30

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A.5 Principles of Extradition ......................................................................... 33

B. The Background of Indonesia in Extradition Treaty negotiation............... 36

C. Diplomatic Efforts from Indonesia ............................................................ 40

CHAPTER III: INDONESIA AS ONE OF THE MAIN ACTORS IN THE

EXTRADITION TREATY NEGOTIATIONS ...................................................... 48

The History of Indonesia…………………………………………………………49

A.1 The Political System of Indonesia ........................................................... 51

A.2 The Foreign Policy of Indonesia ............................................................ 59

The Foreign Policy of Indonesia 2007-2012 ..................................................... 62

The Objectives of Foreign Policy ...................................................................... 64

Indonesia – Singapore Bilateral Relations ........................................................ 66

Bilateral Economic Relations ........................................................................ 67

Military Cooperation ..................................................................................... 74

CHAPTER IV: THE PROCESS OF RATIFICATION AND COMPETING

PERSPECTIVE BETWEEN THE LEGISLATIVE AND THE EXECUTIVE .. 78

A. The Signing of Extradition Treaty ............................................................. 81

B. Ratification Process .................................................................................... 83

C. The Difference of Perspective .................................................................... 88

The Legislative Point of View ........................................................................ 88

The Executive Point of View .......................................................................... 94

Other Views.................................................................................................... 95

Disagreement Between the Legislative and Executive ..................................... 98

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION .............................................................................. 102

REFERENCES ........................................................................................................ 109

ATTACHMENTS ................................................................................................... 117

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LIST OF TABLE

Table 1 : The Scheme of Procedures of International Bilateral Treaty

Making

Table 2 : Corruption Index by PERC

Table 3 : The Consideration of the Decision Maker

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GLOSSARYUM

ASEAN : Association of Shout East Asia Nation

BLBI : Bantuan Likuiditas Bank Indonesia

BPD : Bintang Pelopor Demokrasi

DCA : Defence Cooperation Agreement

IE : International Enterprises

MTA : Military Training Area

NAM : Non-Aligned Movement

PAN : Partai Amanat Nasional

PBR : Partai Bintang Reformasi

PD : Partai Demokrat

PDIP : Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan

PERC : Political and Economic Risk Consultancy

PKB : Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa

PKS : Partai Keadilan Sejahtera

PPP : Partai Persatuan Pembangunan

RAM : Rational Actor Model

RSAF : Republic of Singapore Air Force

TNI AU : Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Udara

UN : United Nations

UNCAC : United Nations Convention against Corruption

WGAC : Working Group on Anti-Corruption