understanding matter. chemicals are found all around us ex. soap, bleach, windex, chlorine etc. ...
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Understanding Matter
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Chemicals are found all around us Ex. Soap, bleach, windex, chlorine etc. Chemicals can be safe or dangerous ex.
chlorine, lye Chemicals must be stored and disposed of
in a safe way
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WHMIS: workplace hazardous materials information system
MSDS: material safety data sheets
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Household Hazardous Safety Symbols:
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Workplace Hazardous Material Information System (WHMIS):
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Has mass and takes up space Particle Theory of Matter
◦ All particles in a pure substance are the same◦ There are spaces between particles◦ Particles are always moving◦ Particles of a substance are attracted to one
another
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Solid: closely packed particles that move very little ex. Sugar
Liquid: particles are further apart, particles move around ex. Milk
Gas: loosely packed particles which move freely
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Chemical Properties: describes how a substance reacts with another substance when forming a new substance.
Physical Properties: any observable or measurable property without forming a new substance.
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Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties
QualitativeQualitativeCharacteristic that may Characteristic that may
be described but not be described but not measured.measured.
QuantitativeQuantitativeCharacteristic that can be Characteristic that can be
measured measured numerically.numerically.
Reacts with waterReacts with water ColourColour Melting pointMelting point
Reacts with airReacts with air TextureTexture Boiling pointBoiling point
Reacts with pure oxygenReacts with pure oxygen TasteTaste DensityDensity
Reacts with acidsReacts with acids SmellSmell ViscosityViscosity
Reacts with other pure Reacts with other pure substancessubstances
StateState Solubility Solubility
ToxicityToxicity Crystal shapeCrystal shape Electrical conductivityElectrical conductivity
StabilityStability MalleabilityMalleability Heat conductivityHeat conductivity
Combustibility Combustibility DuctilityDuctility HardnessHardness
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Physical: characteristics or qualities ex. Shape, color, state, freezing point, boiling point, texture, hardness, smell, magnetism, conductivity, flexibility, density
Chemical: how substances react ex. change in color smell, temperature, ease of catching fire and burning, reactions, production of a new substance
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Pure substance: made of only one type of particle, can not be separated into components, includes elements (oxygen) and compounds (water) ex. Distilled water, baking soda, sugar
Mixture: contains more than one type of particle, can be separated into components, includes solutions (chocolate milk) and mechanical mixtures (muffins) ex. Juice, perfume, cookie dough
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Pure Substance: made of only one kind of matter and has a unique set of properties (chemical and physical). e.g. mercury (element) and sugar (compound)
Element: a material that cannot be broken down into any simpler substance. e.g. helium, oxygen.
Compound: when two or more elements combine e.g. water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
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Mixture: a combination of pure substances where the properties can vary depending on the quantities of the substances.
Mechanical (Heterogeneous) Mixture: a mixture in which the different substances are visible. e.g. soil, cookie dough, vomit.
Solution (Homogeneous): a mixture in which the different substances are not visible. e.g. kool aid, ice tea.