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UNIFORM TITLES FOR MUSIC CLA TECHNICAL SERVICES INTEREST GROUP & THE MUSIC LIBRARY ASSOCIATION, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CHAPTER, APRIL 13, 2012
John Redford, Biola University
Why have Uniform Titles for music? Consider the publishing history of Beethoven’s 5th
Symphony: Symphony no. 5 Symphony in C minor Funfte Symphonie 5e Symphonie 5th Symphony, op. 67 Symphonie en ut mineur Symphonie nr. 5, C moll, op. 67 Beethoven’s celebrated symphony no. 5
Uniform titles…
Collocate records for a work appearing under various titles (e.g. Beethoven’s 5th)
Collocate different manifestations of a work, e.g. scores (full score, study score etc.); sound recordings; video recordings
Distinguish different works with similar or the same title
Gather together items that contain similar types of works under a collective uniform title
And the U.T. is
Symphonies, ǂn no. 5, op. 67, ǂr C minor
Sample catalog record
See…
Weitz, Uniform Title Headings OCLC BFAS: 240 Uniform Title for definitions, MARC coding and
examples
AACR2 Ch. 25 (25.25 for music)
The good news!
Unlikely that you’ll have to formulate them
Even for original cataloging there’s a very good chance that the U.T. has already been created for another manifestation of the work
Let’s look in the Authority File… However…
You should be able to
Recognize U.T.s Understand U.T.s Search authority file
Consider the music reference role Stanford has over 6000 entries for
Mozart How to find Mozart’s Symphony no. 40 in
G minor, K. 550 Uniform title: Symphonies, ǂn K. 550,
ǂr G minor Search for Mozart and K. 550 to retrieve
all manifestations (well maybe not all; we’ll get to collective titles shortly)
Principles of Uniform Titles
A Brief Introduction by Matthew Wise http://library.music.indiana.edu/tech_s/m
la/ut.gui Or Google: music uniform titles
Three types
Generic e.g. concerto, sonata, intermezzo, string quartet
Distinctive e.g. Phantom of the opera, Stardust
Collective e.g. Piano music. Selections, Chamber music, Orchestral music
Generic
Uniform titles are usually required for all musical forms (concerto, symphony, trio sonatas, etc.), genres (capriccio, nocturne, intermezzo, etc.), and chamber music combinations (trio, quartet, quintet, etc.).
Examples
Rachmaninoff, Sergei, 1873-1943. Concertos, ǂm piano, orchestra, ǂn no. 2,
op. 18, ǂr C minor Piano concerto no. 2 in C minor, op. 18
Chopin, Frederic, 1810-1849. Waltzes, ǂm piano, ǂn op. 69. ǂn No. 2 Valse in B minor, op. 69, no. 2
Examples
Bartok Bela, 1881-1945. Quartets, ǂm strings, ǂn no. 4 Streichquartett IV (Initial title element isolated: see AACR2
25.28)
Respighi, Ottorino, 1879-1936. Quintets, ǂm piano, strings, ǂr F minor Quintetto in fa minore per pianoforte e
archi
Uniform titles…
may reflect single works or collections of consecutively numbered similar works. The titles are always given in the plural, unless the composer has written only one work of that type.
Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix, 1809-1847.
Sonatas, ǂm clarinet, piano, ǂr E♭ major Sonate Es-dur fur Klarinette und Klavier
Examples
Reger, Max, 1873-1916. Sonatas, ǂm clarinet, piano, ǂn no. 1-3 Drei Sonaten fur Klarinette und Klavier
Bernstein, Leonard, 1918- Sonata, ǂm clarinet, piano Sonata for clarinet and piano
Instrumentation, serial numbers,… opus numbers, thematic index numbers,
quantitative numbers, keys, and composition dates are moved to subordinate positions in the uniform title, or are omitted. However, integral adjectives which were part of the composer's original title are retained at the beginning.
Schoenberg, Arnold, 1874-1951. Stucke, ǂm orchestra, ǂn op. 16 Funf Orchesterstucke, Opus 16
Example
Kabalevsky, Dmitry Borisovich, 1904- Legkie pʹesy, ǂn op. 39 24 little pieces, op. 39, for the piano
Thematic indexes
Also called Thematic Catalogs An index of a composer’s works usually
in either chronological or genre order with musical incipits
Opus numbers may be used e.g. Beethoven, or a system devised by the indexer e.g. Kochel/Mozart; Hoboken/Haydn; Deutsch/Schubert, or another numbering system e.g. BWV/Bach (Bach Werk Verzeichnis = catalog of Bach’s works)
Thematic indexes
Music catalogers authorized to create name headings and uniform titles need thematic catalogs and other reference tools such as New Grove to ascertain works and formulate unique uniform titles.
E.g. a publication merely stating Violin Concerto in G by Vivaldi does not state which of the 14 he wrote in that key!
Distinctive titles
For non-generic or "distinctive" titles, the title in the original language is preferred. These may be found in the composer's worklist in the New Grove Dictionary, the composer's thematic catalog, or other authoritative sources.
Berlioz, Hector, 1803-1869. Symphonie fantastique Fantastic symphony
Examples
Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolay, 1844-1908. Zolotoi petushok The golden cockerel
Puccini, Giacomo, 1858-1924. Fanciulla del West The girl of the golden West
For classical works with “popular” titles,
…the generic uniform title is preferred.
Schubert, Franz, 1797-1828. Quintets, ǂm piano, violin, viola, violoncello, double
bass, ǂn D. 667, ǂr A major Trout quintet for piano and strings, op. 114
Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827. Sonatas, ǂm piano, ǂn no. 14, op. 27, no. 2, ǂr C♯
minor Moonlight sonata
Separate parts of larger works… are hierarchically identified through
uniform titles.
Handel, George Frideric, 1685-1759. Messiah. ǂp Hallelujah Hallelujah chorus, from The Messiah
examples
Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883. Meistersinger von Nurnberg. ǂp Vorspiel Prelude to the Mastersingers of
Nuremburg
Barber, Samuel, 1910-1981. Quartets, ǂm strings, ǂn no. 1, op. 11, ǂr
B minor. ǂp Adagio; ǂo arr. Adagio for strings
Arrangements for different instrumentations…
are related to their original formats through uniform titles.
Rossini, Gioacchino, 1792-1868. Guillaume Tell. ǂp Ouverture; ǂo arr. William Tell overture : transcribed for
military band
Example
Copland, Aaron, 1900- Sonatas, ǂm violin, piano; ǂo arr. Sonata for clarinet and piano
Full scores, vocal scores,…
librettos, and translations are hierarchically identified through uniform titles.
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 1756-1791. Zauberflote. ǂs Vocal score. ǂl Italian & German
Die Zauberflote...mit Ubersetzung ins Italienische
Collective titles
Complete works, miscellaneous collections, complete collections of a specific type, and selective collections of a specific type are uniquely identified through uniform titles.
Brahms, Johannes, 1833-1897. Works Samtliche Werke
Examples
Brahms, Johannes, 1833-1897. Selections Opus 23, opus 24, opus 18, opus 90
Brahms, Johannes, 1833-1897. Piano music. ǂk Selections Complete sonatas and variations for solo
piano
Music catalogers go beyond the call of duty…
Searching the authority file
Find the correct uniform title for: Adagio from "Moonlight sonata" for violin
& piano / Beethoven Rite of spring / Stravinsky Selections from Songs without words /
Mendelssohn
And a bit of fun…
Find the uniform title for John Redford’s (d. 1547) contribution to the Mulliner book
What are the correct uniform titles for these arrangements (unpublished) by John Redford (fl. 2012):
Memory from Cats arranged for piano / Andrew Lloyd Webber
18th variation from Rhapsody on a theme of Paganini arranged for solo piano / Sergei Rachmaninoff
Prelude from Ben-Hur arranged for brass quintet and organ / Miklos Rozsa