unit 1: origins of a new nation
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The 1 st People likely came from Asia across land bridge as early as 40,000 yrs ago?. UNIT 1: Origins of a New Nation. Migration. 10-12,000 yrs ago:. climate warmed…polar ice melted, sea levels rose - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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UNIT 1: Origins of a New Nation
The 1st People
likely came from Asia across land
bridge
as early as 40,000 yrs ago?
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Migration
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1. climate warmed…polar ice melted, sea levels rose
2. Population grew…migrated thru out both continents…developed distinct cultures…tribes
10-12,000 yrs ago:
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Then…over 1,000s of years..
• The various tribes developed own unique lifestyles depending on where they lived
• For ex: (from now on…”E.G.”)
1. Plains tribes hunted…followed migration of herds
2. Coastal tribes had permanent settlements, learned to fish
3. Many farmed…the Hohokam irrigated the dry land of the Southwest
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Sec. 2: Europeans arrive
• Deep Background:
1. Roman Empire fell in 476 A.D.
2. Europe entered “Dark Ages”
3. In time, nation-states began to emerge (France, England, Spain, Italy)
4. The Renaissance begins in Italy in the 1300’s…
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The Renaissance
Means “re-birth”
1. Arts, literature, architecture, and sciences- Inquiry into how and why the physical
world works…
E.G. DaVinci, Newton, Kepler, Galileo, etc.
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Some results:
• New technologies (printing press, telescopes, navigational instruments)
• New tech for ship-building…ability to sail further
• Led to revival of trade with the East and search for new, shorter routes
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The Protestant Reformation
1. Martin Luther criticized many of the practices of the Roman Catholic Church (which had been the ultimate authority for over 1,000 years).
2. “Protestants” broke away
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European exploration
• Sailed east and west from Europe• 1487: Dias around Africa• 1498: Da Gama around Africa to India• 1492: Columbus west looking for
China…Europeans didn’t realize there were 2 entire continents in the way
• Over next 100 years, many more would follow…
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The Point:
• Shorter routes to China meant higher profits
• Search for new routes led to discovery of new lands
• New lands meant potential riches for Europeans
• Question was: who would get what? And at what cost?
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Competition
• England, France, Spain• Potential riches of this new world were the
prize• What about the Indians?
– They were forced, one way or another, from their lands
– decimated by European diseases
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European Settlement (1600-1650)(Chapter 2)
• The Spanish:Focus was south and central AmericaEst’d. 1st permanent settlement in New World
(in present day FL)
• The French:Settlements around the Great Lakes and
around the Miss. River
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The English
• Failed attempt late 1500’s at Roanoke (the Lost Colony)
• 1607: Jamestown (VA)• 1620: Plymouth Colony (the “Pilgrims”)
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European Settlement
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Moving outward
• From Plymouth colony, new settlers began to move outward…
- Rhode Island (1636)- Connecticut (1639)
• From Jamestown:- settlement up the James River…early tobacco plantations
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Colonies develop (1650-1750)
• 3 different economies developed in the northern, middle, southern colonies
• Climate, soil, other resources determined what would be produced
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The 13 Original Colonies
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Northern colonies:
• Colder…shorter growing season• Rocky, sandy soil• Abundant natural harbors• What industries seem likely?
1. Maritime (fishing, shipbuilding-whaling) merchants, trade & commerce with Europe, small artisans
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Southern Colonies
• Excellent soil, long growing season• Few natural harbors• Led to agricultural economy based on a
few crops:1. Tobacco
2. Rice
3. A bit later…cotton
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Middle Colonies:
• Combination of northern & southern economies:
• Some shipbuilding• Some commerce• Some agriculture
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Mercantilism
• Is an economic system in which:A. A nation establishes colonies to supply
mother country with raw materials
B. The colonies provide a market for finished goods
C. The result: wealth is created
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The Triangle of Trade
• England• W. Africa• The Colonies
(incl. the W. Indies)
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Tying it all together:
• As noted earlier, Spain’s efforts were directed more towards present day Mexico and lands further south
• That left England and France as the main competitors in North America…the story continues in Unit 2