unit 12 - wordpress.com · hebat bacaan bi unit 12 265 text 1 what is nanotechnology? what is it?...

HEBAT Bacaan BI Unit 12

262

UNIT 12 :

NANO TECHNOLOGY

What is

nanotechnology?

How was

nanotechnology

developed?

What are the

benefits of this

kind of

technology?

Why is it

important in

our everyday

lives?

Can you name a

product using

nanotechnology?


263

TEACHING AND LEARNING STRATEGIES FOR BEGINNER LEVEL

BY THE END OF THE LESSON,

STUDENTS CAN:

i. Write antonyms and synonyms. ii. Find and select relevant information in a text. iii. Respond to innovations related to nanotechnology.

STRATEGIES/ APPROACHES

Reading Strategy: Skim and Scan

5W1H

LOTS: Understanding

HOTS: Analysing

21st Century Learning

VALUES Diligence

LEARNING/ TEACHING AIDS

Worksheet

Flash cards

SITUATION Public

Educational

TEXT FORMAT Single

TEXT TYPE Descriptive

COGNITIVE

PROCESS

Scan and locate

Represent literal and gist meaning

*refer to HEBAT Bacaan Bahasa Inggeris Reading Strategies

**refer to 21st Century Learning: Cooperative Learning Structures

***refer to Guide to Using HOTS in a Reading Classroom


264

ACTIVITIES SKILLS/ APPROACHES

STEP 1

a. Students read TEXT 1. b. Students fill in the blanks with correct synonyms and

antonyms (WORKSHEET 1). c. Class discuss answers.

LOTS: Understanding

Reading Strategy:

Skim and Scan

STEP 2

a. In pairs, students read TEXT 1 again and answer 5W1H* questions in WORKSHEET 2.

b. Students discuss answers with their face partner**.

Reading Strategy: 5W1H

HOTS:

Analysing

21st Century Learning:

Think-Pair-Share

STEP 3

a. In groups, students answer questions in a World

Cafe** activity (WORKSHEET 3). b. Students discuss and answer the questions.

HOTS: Analysing

21st Century Learning:

World Cafe


265

TEXT 1

WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?

What is it?

The 'Nano' part is referring to the size of the thing being made.

A 'nanometer' is absolutely tiny, being a billionth of a metre. This is hard to imagine, so to give you an idea, the smallest atom in the universe is the hydrogen atom. You can line up ten hydrogen atoms in one nanometer.

So nano-technology is making devices at the atomic scale.

How did it come about?

It has been around for about 15 years. Maybe one of the most significant starting points was when scientists developed a device that could spell 'IBM' on the surface of a crystal by moving individual atoms around. They won the Nobel Prize for that.

Then along came a molecule going by the wonderful name of 'Buckminster-Fullerene'. This is an arrangement of 60 carbon atoms in the shape of a football. It showed that it was possible to make things at the atomic scale.

So thousands of researchers around the world started to look at what could be made. Some looked at new materials with properties never-before seen. Others had ideas to put atoms together in the shape of tubes and rods to see what they could do.


266

The more over-excited scientists wrote books about tiny machines traveling through your blood, fixing you from the inside-out, or making anything you want from nano-glob, a bit like the star-trek machine that makes coffee from nothing.

So what has it really done for us?

Medicine

Nano-technology has produced better ways of delivering vital drugs to the right place in your body - but not in the shape of a tiny submarine! Nano-cages trap the drug molecules and then carry them to where they are meant to go.

Materials

Nano-particles are added to steel and plastics to give them improved properties. For example:

A new type of carbon fibre, developed at the University of Cambridge, could be woven into super-strong body armour for the military and law enforcement.

Input Sensors

Nano-technology is used to make very sensitive, tiny sensors for detecting various physical effects. For example there are now sensors used in modern cars that can detect the car being in a potentially lethal situation (i.e. crash), so allowing brakes and safety devices to be used effectively in an emergency. MEMS = "Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems".

Electronics

This is probably the most significant area for nano-technology. For the past fifty years, engineers have made smaller and smaller devices; today they can make electronics down to about 60 nano-metres.

There is a bit of leeway left, but around 35nm is just about the last stage engineers can go before they have to take a different way. Transistors start to behave in weird, unpredictable ways when they get smaller than this because individual atoms begin to have an effect. These are called 'quantum' effects. With nano-technology you will often see the word 'quantum' crop up.

It is early days, but nano-technology is making it possible to build up devices from atoms, so devices will become ever smaller.


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Recently a scientist/engineer won the 2007 Nobel prize for discovering a nano-scale effect that allows hard-disk heads to be two thousand times smaller than the width of a human hair. This is why you now see 1 Terabyte hard disks appearing. And the future?

Renewable Energy

Scientists have recently used nano-wires 200 times thinner than a human hair to create tiny solar power cells.

Medicine

Nano-technology is being used to create artificial corneas and develop new ways of measuring your health.

World Health

Millions of people have no clean water to drink. Nano-clay and nano-fibres are being used to create cheap, effective water filters for developing countries.

Smart dust

Engineers have recently made a radio component the size of a virus, so maybe 'smart dust' will become a reality where smart particles are spread over a battle field to report back to base. Or the particles are placed in your body to report back on your health.

Computers

Quantum computers, with processing devices at the atomic level, promise to be a million times faster than today's supercomputers.

Global warming

Cars are adding to the global warming problem by burning fossil fuels. An alternative to petrol is to use hydrogen. But no-one has figured out a convenient and safe way of storing the hydrogen in the car. Nano-technology is being used to see if the hydrogen can be stored inside a 'Buckminster-Fullerene' type atomic cage.

Nano-technology remains a fascinating field where surprises continue to crop up.


268

WORKSHEET 1

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

Synonyms Antonyms

Small :

Scientists :

Devices :

Developed :

Won :

Artificial

Improved:

Sensitive


269

WORKSHEET 2

Answer all questions. Choose the correct answer and there might be more than one correct answer.

1. The first paragraph discusses a) The origin of nanotechnology

b) The background of the founder c) What nanotechnology is all about

2. ‘They won the Nobel Prize for that’. According to the text, which of the following

events has led to the winning of the Nobel Prize?

a) The arrangement of 60 carbon atoms in the shape of a football b) The production of better ways of delivering vital drugs c) The development of a device that could spell 'IBM' on the surface of a

crystal by moving individual atoms around d) The invention of very sensitive, tiny sensors for detecting various

physical effects

3. The more over-excited scientists wrote books about tiny machines traveling through your blood, fixing you from the inside-out, or making anything you want from nano-glob, a bit like the star-trek machine that makes coffee from nothing.

What does the paragraph above tell you about the scientists’ reaction to the discovery of nanotechnology?

a) They are overwhelmed by the finding b) They are too ambitious c) They are afraid of being obsolete d) They are adequately ready for new challenges

4. Read the statements and tick in the correct box.

No. Statement True False

a. Nano-technology has produced better ways of delivering vital drugs to the right place in your body in the shape of a tiny submarine.

b.

There are now sensors used in modern cars that can detect the car being in a potentially lethal situation (i.e. crash MEMS = "Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems) so allowing brakes and safety devices to be used effectively in an emergency.

c. Transistors start to behave in weird, unpredictable ways when they get smaller than 3.5nm because individual atoms begin to have an effect. These are called 'quantum' effects

d. Quantum computers, with processing devices at the atomic level, promise to be a million times faster than today's supercomputers


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WORKSHEET 3

WORLD CAFÉ

Students sit at dif ferent tables in a cafe setting and each table is

assigned a question for the participants to discuss and respond to.

Quantum computers…What

do you know about this?

Global warming…How can you overcome this problem by applying Nano Technology?

What do you know about Nano

Technology and how do you

explain that briefly?


271

TEACHING AND LEARNING STRATEGIES FOR INTERMEDIATE LEVEL

BY THE END OF LESSON, STUDENTS

CAN:

i. Analyse a text and answer Wh-questions. ii. Classify and categorize information from a text



PARApoint

LOTS: Understanding

HOTS: Applying

Analysing

Evaluating


VALUES Rationality

LEARNING/ TEACHING

AIDS

Worksheet

Picture

SITUATION Educational

TEXT FORMAT Single

TEXT TYPE Description

COGNITIVE

PROCESS

Represent literal and gist meaning

Integrate and generate inferences





272

ACTIVITIES STRATEGY/ APPROACHES

STEP 1

a. Students guess the meaning of the word

’nanotechnology’. b. Discuss definitions of the words ’nano’ and

’technology’ (PICTURE 1). c. Students check their answers (PICTURE 2).

LOTS: Understanding

Vocabulary

STEP 2

a. Students read the article about nanotechnology using PARApoint* or PREVIEW, ANALYSE, RE-READ and ACCENTING important points(TEXT 1).

b. Students answer the questions and discuss with a shoulder partner**. (WORKSHEET 1)

c. Class discuss answers and teacher gives feedback.

Reading Strategy:

Skim and Scan PARApoint

HOTS:

Analysing Evaluating

21st Century

Learning: Think-Pair-Share

STEP 3

a. Students study examples of new inventions in WORKSHEET 2.

b. Students use a suitable i-THINK*** Map to categorise the inventions according to:

i. ‘Nanotechnology Inventions’ ii. ‘Non – Nanotechnology Inventions’

c. Class discuss answers in a Round Robin** activity.

HOTS: Applying Analysing Evaluating

i-THINK

21st Century

Learning: Round Robin Round Rally


273

PICTURE 1

PICTURE 2


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TEXT 1

What is Nanotechnology?

What is it?

The 'Nano' part is referring to the size of the thing being made.

A 'nanometer' is absolutely tiny, being a billionth of a metre. This is hard to imagine, so to give you an idea, the smallest atom in the universe is the hydrogen atom. You can line up ten hydrogen atoms in one nanometer.

So nano-technology is making devices at the atomic scale.

How did it come about?



So thousands of researchers around the world started to look at what could be made. Some looked at new materials with properties never-before seen. Others had ideas to put atoms together in the shape of tubes and rods to see what they could do.

The more over-excited scientists wrote books about tiny machines traveling through your blood, fixing you from the inside-out, or making anything you want from nano-glob, a bit like the star-trek machine that makes coffee from nothing.

So what has it “really" done for us?

Medicine

Nano-technology has produced better ways of delivering vital drugs to the right place in your body - but not in the shape of a tiny submarine! Nano-cages trap the drug molecules and then carry them to where they are meant to go.


275

Materials

Nano-particles are added to steel and plastics to give them improved properties. For example, a new type of carbon fibre, developed at the University of Cambridge, could be woven into super-strong body armour for the military and law enforcement.

Input Sensors

Nano-technology is being used to make very sensitive, tiny sensors for detecting various physical effects. For example there are now sensors used in modern cars that can detect the car being in a potentially lethal situation (i.e. crash), so allowing brakes and safety devices to be used effectively in an emergency. MEMS = "Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems".

Electronics

This is probably the most significant area for nano-technology. For the past fifty years, engineers have made smaller and smaller devices; today they can make electronics down to about 60 nano-metres.

There is a bit of leeway left, but around 35nm is just about the last stage engineers can go before they have to take a different way. Transistors start to behave in weird, unpredictable ways when they get smaller than this because individual atoms begin have an effect. These are called 'quantum' effects. With nano-technology you will often see the word 'quantum' crop up.

It is early days, but nano-technology is making it possible to build up devices from atoms, so devices will become ever smaller.

Recently a scientist/engineer won the 2007 Nobel prize for discovering a nano-scale effect that allows hard-disk heads to be two thousand times smaller than the width of a human hair. This is why you now see 1 Terabyte hard disks appearing.

And the future?

Renewable Energy

Scientists have recently used nano-wires 200 times thinner than a human hair to create tiny solar power cells.


276

Worksheet 1

Medicine

Nano-technology is being used to create artificial corneas and develop new ways of measuring your health.

World Health

Millions of people have no clean water to drink. Nano-clay and nano-fibres are being used to create cheap, effective water filters for developing countries.

Smart dust

Engineers have recently made a radio component the size of a virus, so maybe 'smart dust' will become a reality where smart particles are spread over a battle field to report back to base. Or the particles are placed in your body to report back on your health.

Computers

Quantum computers, with processing devices at the atomic level, promise to be a million times faster than today's supercomputers.

Global warming

Cars are adding to the global warming problem by burning fossil fuels. An alternative to petrol is to use hydrogen. But no-one has figured out a convenient and safe way of storing the hydrogen in the car. Nano-technology is being used to see if the hydrogen can be stored inside a 'Buckminster-Fullerene' type atomic cage.

Nano-technology remains a fascinating field where surprises continue to crop up.


277

WORKSHEET 1

The excerpt below is taken from Text 1. Answer the questions based on the excerpt and your understanding of the passage.

a) Both breakthroughs basically revolve only around the ability to move things around (moving atoms to spell ’IBM” and arrange atoms in the shape of a football). What is the ground-breaking discovery that made the scientists won the Nobel Prize for it?

b) How would people benefit from this technology?

c) What is quantum effect?

d) What is one advantage of having devices made smaller?



Nano-technology has produced better ways of delivering vital

drugs to the right place in your body - but not in the shape of a

tiny submarine! Nano-cages trap the drug molecules and then

carry them to where they are meant to go.

There is a bit of leeway left, but around 35nm is just about the

last stage engineers can go before they have to take a

different way. Transistors start to behave in weird, unpredictable

ways when they get smaller than this because individual atoms

begin to have 'quantum' effects. With nano-technology, you

will often see the word 'quantum' crop up.

Nano-technology is making waves in producing novice devices

from atoms to create a better life for all.


278

e) What is one challenge that needs to be overcome in order for hydrogen to be used as an alternative fuel?

f) In your opinion, will there be any consequences from the advent of nano-technology? Give the pros and cons.

OR

In your opinion, will nanotechnology continue to revolutionize ways to improve the

lives of people?

Global warming

Cars are adding to the global warming problem by burning

fossil fuels. An alternative to petrol is to use hydrogen. But no-

one has figured out a convenient and safe way of storing the

hydrogen in the car. Nano-technology is being used to see if

the hydrogen can be stored inside a 'Buckminster-Fullerene'

type atomic cage.

Nano-technology remains a fascinating field where surprises

continue to crop up.


279

WORKSHEET 2


280

TEACHING AND LEARNING STRATEGIES FOR ADVANCED LEVEL

BY THE END OF LESSON,

STUDENTS CAN:

i. Discuss the validity of a new nanotechnology product. ii. Write short descriptions about the new product.



PARApoint

HOTS: Applying

Analysing

Evaluating

Creating


VALUES Rationality

LEARNING/ TEACHING AIDS

Youtube

Worksheet

Picture

SITUATION Educational

TEXT FORMAT Single

TEXT TYPE Description

COGNITIVE

PROCESS

Understand literal and gist meaning

Assess quality and credibility





281

ACTIVITIES STRATEGIES/

APPROACHES

STEP 1

a. Watch a video and discuss how nanotechnology benefits human beings (SCREENSHOT 1). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C7BjkXF2bxU (i) Students categorise facts by filling in the Fact Table*** provided (WORKSHEET 1).

HOTS:

Analysing

Evaluating

STEP 2

a. Students read an article on nanotechnology using PARApoint technique (TEXT 1) and answer questions (WORKSHEET 2) .

b. In groups, students present and justify their answers.

Reading Strategy:

PARApoint

Skim and Scan

HOTS:

Analysing

Evaluating

STEP 3

a. In groups, students invent a new nanotechnology product as required in WORKSHEET 3.

b. Students present their innovation and classmates give comments in a Carousel Feedback** activity.

c. Students discuss the validity of the new products and give opinions on how best to improve them.

HOTS:

Applying

Analysing

Creating

21st Century

Learning:

Carousel Feedback

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C7BjkXF2bxU


282

SCREENSHOT 1


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WORKSHEET 1

Tick(/) the correct column

NO FACTS CATEGORY

SAFETY MEDICAL INDUSTRY

1 Creates an invisibility cloak

2 Produces bullet proof business suit

3 Cures paralysed limbs

4 Recharge portable gadgets through clothes or fabric

5 Blades made of Damascus steel can cut through stones or metals

6 Nanobots consume matter on earth by self-replicating

7 Damages brain

8 Produces higher quality papers

9 Produces high tech boots to scale smooth buildings

10 Cure cancer


284

TEXT 1


285

WORKSHEET 2

Answer the questions based on the excerpt and your understanding of the passage.

Manufacturing Advantages

Nanotechnology is already making new materials available that could revolutionize many areas of manufacturing. For example, nanotubes and nano particles, which are tubes and particles only a few atoms across, and aerogels materials composed of very light and strong materials with remarkable insulating properties, could pave the way for new techniques and superior products. In addition, robots that are only a few nanometers in length, called nanobots, and nanofactories could help construct novel materials and objects.

1. Based on the excerpt above, the manifestation of nanotechnology results in

creation of new techniques and superior products. What makes this technology

better compared to the previous ones?

2. With the marked change in the manufacturing sector caused by nanotechnology,

it has resulted in the creation of nanobots and nanofactories. How do you think

this will affect job opportunities in a country?

Energy Advantages

Nanotechnology may transform the ways in which we obtain and use energy. In particular, it’s likely that nanotechnology will make solar power more economical by reducing the cost of constructing solar panels and related equipment. Energy storage devices will become more efficient as a result. Nanotechnology will also open up new methods of generating and storing energy.

3. Based on the excerpt above, what is likely to happen if nanotechnology is not utilised in generating energy?


286

Environmental Effects

Some of the more extravagant negative future scenarios have been debunked by experts in nanotechnology. For example: the so-called “gray goo” scenario, where self-replicating nanobots consume everything around them to make copies of themselves, was once widely discussed but is no longer considered to be a credible threat. It is possible, however, that there will be some negative effects on the environment as potential new toxins and pollutants may be created by nanotechnology. Economic Upheaval It is likely that nanotechnology, like other technologies before it, will cause major changes in many economic areas. Although products made possible by nanotechnology will initially be expensive luxury or specialist items, once availability increases, more and more markets will feel the impact. Some technologies and materials may become obsolete, leading to companies specializing in those areas going out of business. Changes in manufacturing processes brought about by nanotechnology may result in job losses.

4. Nanotechnology, as stated above, is said to have negative effects in many areas, which can disrupt a country’s economy. In your opinion, explain how the adverse effects of nanotechnology to the environment affect a country’s economy?

Privacy and Security

Nanotechnology raises the possibility of microscopic recording devices, which would

be virtually undetectable. More seriously, it is possible that nanotechnology could be

weaponized. Atomic weapons would be easier to create and novel weapons might

also be developed. One possibility is the so-called ”smart bullet,” a computerized

bullet that could be controlled and aimed very accurately. These developments is

indeed a boon for the military.

5. The author strongly claims that nanotechnology has brought great advantage in the

private and security area. But in your opinion how far is this true if these developments fall into the wrong hands?

6 The ’smart bullet’ and many other developments are said to benefit the army when they

fall into the wrong hands, the consequences would be dire. In your own words, explain

the undesirable effects caused by these developments.

7. If you were asked to create a new technology, what will it be and in which

area/field will your creation benefit the most?


287

WORKSHEET 3

A. Create a new technology that helps to improve one’s life in various areas.

1. Area: Education Problem: Heavy bags

Solution

New Technology: ___________________________________

Description

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


288

2. Area: Search & Rescue Problem: Locating trapped victims in buildings

Solution

New Technology: ___________________________________

Description

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


289

ASSESSMENT / PROJECT

Students imagine that they are in a real world situation as marketing executives. They are required to promote and market the innovative product their group created in the Advanced Level activity.

In groups, students plan a marketing project.

ACTIVITIES SKILLS/ APPROACHES

STEP 1 a. Students are asked to reflect on the activity that they

have done for the Advanced Level. b. In this project, they will be asked to develop a marketing

strategy for their product. c. Marks will be given based on:

i. Cooperation ii. Creativity iii. Presentation iv. Supporting material

*Teacher will determine a suitable time frame for completion of the project.

Action Oriented Task

HOTS: Applying Analysing Evaluating Creating

STEP 2

a. Students will present their project in class via Gallery Walk**.

21st Century

Learning: Collaboration

unit 12 - wordpress.com · hebat bacaan bi unit 12 265 text 1 what is nanotechnology? what is it?...

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