Standard MWH 2.1 Evaluate the consequences of the changing boundaries of kingdoms in Europe,

Asia, the Americas, and Africa

Unit 2 Chapter 11: The Romans

What are they trying to say about the lasting influence of Rome?

Why would the authors begin and end the chapter with the story about Paul of Tarsus?

Etruscans and Rome’s beginningsLikely migrated from

AnatoliaPo River – NaplesBronze, iron, gold,

silverMonarchyFounded Rome

Location, Location, Location!Even when Etruscan

influence faded Rome stayed strong, why?

Rise of the Roman republic2 consuls elected by

hereditary aristocratsSenators were aristocratsPlebians threatened

secessionWon the right to elect

tribunes (2-10) w/veto power

Continued to win more rights as the centuries waned

Struggle of the Orders

Read: Cincinnatus Saves RomeDiscuss: What did Livy indicate that Romans

valued?

Characteristics that made Rome successfulDiplomacyMilitaryStrategyPolitically savvy

The early republic

Twelve Tables12 tables – applied

only to roman citizensLaw of Nations –

codified body of law similar to natural or universal law, based on reasonApplied to non-

Roman citizensWhat other examples

of codified law have you studied? How does this compare?

The Punic Wars1st war started over Sicily

Rome won2nd war Hannibal crossed

the alps – taking terrible lossesRome lost 40,000 + menPhilip V of Macedonia

had joined in losing what was left of the Selucid kingdom

Eventually Rome raised another army any won

Tiberius & Gaius GracchusWanted to give

something to the little man (land reform)

T. & later G. both killed by the senate

This opened the door to more instability and angst among the poor

Spartacus” 109-71 BCESlave revolts were

common73 BCE the most

famous led by Spartacus

6000 slaves crucified along the road by Pompey

A new kind of fighting force107 BC Marius

started to recruit based on personal not state oath

How would this one detail change the way the army worked? The way generals behaved politically? The way power passed down from one generation to the next?

Marcus: Let us, then, once more examine, before we come to the consideration of particular laws, what is the power and nature of law in general; lest, when we come to refer everything to it, we occasionally make mistakes from the employment of incorrect language, and show ourselves ignorant of the force of those terms which we ought to employ in the definition of laws.

Quintus: This is a very necessary caution, and the proper method of seeking truth.

Marcus: This, then, as it appears to me, has been the decision of the wisest philosophers---that law was neither a thing to be contrived by the genius of man, nor established by any decree of the people, but a certain eternal principle, which governs the entire universe, wisely commanding what is right and prohibiting what is wrong. Therefore, they called that aboriginal and supreme law the mind of God, enjoining or forbidding each separate thing in accordance with reason. On which account it is that this law, which the gods have bestowed upon the human race, is so justly applauded. For it is the reason and mind of a wise Being equally able to urge us to good or to deter us from evil.

Cicero (primary source document): linking Greek Philosophy w/Roman ways of life

1st TriumvirateJulius Caesar,

Crassus, PompeySecret allianceCemented by the

marriage of Julia to Pompey

Crassus got military glory and wealth

Working with a partner, discuss, debate, and compare the ascension and fall of Sulla to that of Julius Caesar. 1) Write down 3 similarities and 3 differences.2) Explain which leader was better for Rome in the long run and why.

Why was Julius Caesar killed?

AugustusBeat Mark Antony &

Cleopatra bringing unimaginable wealth to Rome

Monarchy disguised as republicStabilized through

spendingPax Romana

OvidRanked w/Virgil & Homer among the greatest poets

Roman Roads – key to the empire

What clothing did Patricians wear? What about Plebians?

Where did the Patrician cloth come from and how did it get to Rome?

How did cloth help to symbolize one’s status in ancient Rome?

What did Patricians eat? What about Plebians?

What other cultural differences existed in Roman society?

Smart Search (use your technology)

Constants create a civilizationCommunication

networksTransportation

networksLaw

Trade on a grander scale than even the Greeks.

Father of the FamilyMarriageWorkFreedomCircumvented by

loopholesComplete freedom

over slaves (1/3 of all people)

Roman ReligionWhat differentiated

Christianity from other Roman religions?

How did other developments in Roman society make Christianity an attractive alternative to other religions?

PaganismStoicismCult of Mithras

(soldiers)Judaism

ChristianityEssenes

Mt. Vesuvis erupts 79 CEPompeii was buried

under 15-20 feet of ash

What was it about imperial rule that most galled the Jewish people of

Palestine?Abomination of

desolation 168 BCE Selucid ruler Antiochus

Yahweh worship

Growth of ChristianityUsed Roman roads

and waterways to spread

Initially persecuted, later embraced

Appealed to lower classes, urban populations, and women

Recreation = a long reignChariot races,

gladatorial contests – designed to distract

Subsidies of grain for the poor

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPf27gAup9U