unit six building an empire. chapter 19 foreign policy: setting a course for expansion
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit SixBuilding an Empire
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Chapter 19Foreign Policy: Setting a Course for Expansion
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Foreign Policy Foreign Policy
◦ Set of guidelines and practices that a nation follows in its relations with other nations
Diplomacy Art of conducting negotiations with other nations
Commodore Perry◦ Japan
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Washington’s Farewell AddressNeutrality◦ The policy of not taking sides in wars between other
nationsUnilateralism◦ A policy of not seeking military or political alliances
with foreign powers
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Realism vs. IdealismRealism◦ International relations should be guided by pragmatic
self-interest –practical goals such as national defense and access resources
Idealism◦ The belief that moral values should influence relations
Staying home sick? Idealist or Realist
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Idealistic or Realistic?Cold War
National Parks
Revolutionary War
War in Iraq
Favors?
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War of 1812 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c7Hh8W69cos&feature=related
Treaty of Ghent◦ Peace between U.S. and U.K.◦ “Not one inch of territory ceded or lost”
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Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine◦ Declaration warning European powers against future
colonization in the Western Hemisphere or interference in Latin American republics.
Non-ColonizationNon-Interference
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Expansion through Diplomacy
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Texas RevolutionTexas owned by Mexico◦Americans moved in
Abolished Slavery◦Upset Americans in Mexico
Texas Revolution◦Alamo
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Mexican-American WarJames K. Polk◦Disagreed with Mexico on Texas border
Provokes a War◦Sends troops to the Rio Grande
Mexican-American WarTreaty of Guadalupe◦U.S. received = Texas border, Texas west to
California◦Mexico received = $15 Million
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Treaty of Guadalupe
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Beginnings of ImperialismImperialism◦Empire building
◦Protectorate Nation protected and controlled by a stronger
nation
Realist or Idealist?
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Proof is in the Pudding
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How Should We Expand?Henry Cabot Lodge Carl Schurz
Josiah Strong Alfred T. Mahan
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Chapter 20The Spanish-American War
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Hearst vs. PulitzerNew York Journal New York World
Yellow Journalism
Exaggerated style of reporting with sensational news stories
Mass Media
Methods of communicating to a mass audience.
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Yellow Journalism
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0mjkLPvrQM
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Cuban Struggles Want Independence from SpainIdealism◦Americans empathize with Cubans
Realism◦Americans want to protect business interests
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Mass Media Hysteria!Cuban Struggle◦Hearst and Pulitzer exaggerated Spanish rule
de Lome Letter◦Spanish ambassador has letter stolen◦Letter criticizes President McKinley◦Letter published in the New York Journal
USS Maine◦U.S. ship explodes in Havana harbor◦Hearst and Pulitzer blame the Spanish
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Spanish – American War, 1898Investigation on USS Maine◦1898, Mine responsible◦1976, accidental explosion
US declares war on Spain◦Media to blame?
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Spanish – American War, 1898Did we need to go to war?
de Lome LetterUSS Maine explosion
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Spanish – American War, 1898Philippines ◦American soldiers and Filipino rebels
Joined forces, defeat Spanish in PhilippinesCuba◦Rough Riders
U.S. Volunteer Cavalry handpicked by Theodore Roosevelt
San Juan Hill
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The Teller AmendmentResolution◦A formal statement about a course of action
Cuba ◦Promised to help overthrow Spanish rile
Military force and aid◦Promised to liberate Cuba after war
After the war . . . . . . . They found out we were just kidding about that last part.
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Treaty of Paris
1. Cuba granted Independence
2. Puerto Rico and Guam ceded to U.S.
3. Philippines cede to U.S. for $20 Million◦U.S. is now a colonial empire
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Should we accept the Treaty? Anti-Imperialist League◦Organization against the establishment of U.S.
colonies Mark Twain
Supporters◦Theodore Roosevelt and William McKinley
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Platt Amendment Allowed the U.S. to intervene in Cuban
affairsAllowed U.S. to buy and lease land for
naval bases◦U.S. business interests owned 60% of the
Cuban economy
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Chapter 21 Acquiring and Managing Global Power
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Roosevelt’s Foreign Policy
Big Stick Policy
Roosevelt Corollary
Did it work?
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Taft’s Foreign Policy
Dollar Diplomacy
Did it work?
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Wilson’s Foreign Policy
Moral Diplomacy
Self-determination
Did it work?
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Panama Canal U.S. helps Panama overthrow Colombian
RulePanama Canal◦ Improved international trade
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Panama Canal Locks◦Gates that raise and lower water levels,
allowing ships to travel the canal
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U.S. and Mexico Francisco Madero◦Tried to overthrow government◦Killed by his general Victoriano Huerta
American Businessmen◦Wanted Wilson to recognize Huerta
government◦Wilson refused to recognize a “government of
butchers” Idealist or Realist
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U.S. and Mexico Wilson and Huerta◦Almost go to war
Wilson sent troops to Veracruz Aid revolution against Huerta
◦ Outcry Mexican and Americans
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Puerto Rico Military government◦ infrastructure
Civilian government◦Puerto Ricans became frustrated with U.S.◦Jones Act, 1917
Puerto Rico becomes a U.S. territory Idealist or Realist
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Philippines Emilio Aguinaldo◦Leader of Filipino resistance
Philippines wants independence◦U.S. denied them freedom
Try to start own government U.S. doesn’t recognize it
Aguinaldo Rebels War breaks out
200,000 Filipinos die US rebuild Philippines
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Hawaii American controlled Economy◦Sugarcane and Pineapple
Queen Liliuokalani◦1891, new constitution◦White planters weren’t happy
1893, U.S. forces overthrow Liliuokalani◦Debate raged in the U.S.
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Made in China Spheres of Influence
Areas where a single nation controlled trading rights
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Open Door Policy, 1899All foreign nations are allowed to trade freely
with China
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The Boxer RebellionGroup of Chinese who wanted to remove
foreign influence from ChinaThey led an insurrection
Rebellion Crushed by foreign powers