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UNIT11The Chain of Hope

chain - سلسلةيسلسل

organization منظمة

series عدة من مسلسلأجزاء

association رابطة

serial مسلسلتليفزيوني

set up – يؤسسيقيم

specialist - أخصائيمتخصص

facilities تسهيالت

General Practioner عام ممارس treat - يعالج يعاملoculist عيون طبيب free of charge = for free مجان

يdentist أسنان طبيب fantastic رائعcardiologist قلب طبيب across عبرpediatric أطفال طبيب nursing staff طاقم

التمريضsurgeon جراح remote بعيدveterinary ( vet ) بيطري طبيب pay for ثمن يدفع

شيءphysician باطني طبيب pay to لشخص يدفعmidwife - الداية قابلة pay back الدين يردparticular - معين خاص airlines طيران شركةchildbirth – الوالدة

المخاضdonate يتبرع

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look after = care for بـ يعتني donator متبرعinject يحقن totally كلياinjection الحقن partially جزئياsyringe السرنجة unfamiliar مألوف غيرroll up يلف – يشمر

ألعلىfit – الئق

مناسبsleeve الكم surroundings البيئة

المحيطةfold - wrap - يلف يطوى scared - ومرعوب خائف

يخيفdear to - على عزيز

غالىaware of بـ وعى على

host families العائلة األسر raise money for لـ مال يجمعobviously بوضوح charity – الصدقة

الخيرadaptable قابل

للتكيفclaim = allege يزعم

affection العطف complain / about / of / to يشكوbreath التنفس assert = confirm = assure يؤكدbreathe يتنفس orphans األيتامproperly مالئمة بطريق cheers هتافاتrefer to – إلى يشير

إلى يوجهcheer up = rejoice يبتهج

serious = خطير جاد recover يشفىhole ثقب – حفرة enclose فى يشمل

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خطابtrench خندق recognize على يتعرفexpert خبير put on weight فى يزداد

الوزنoperation جراحية عملية operate on = carry out = perform

pleasure السعادة لـ جراحة يجرىpleased with من مسرور world famous مشهور

عالمياquality = caliber – جودة

نوعيةfed up with - يزهق يسأم

volunteer - يتطوع متطوع along the same lines نفس علىالمنوال

prescription الطبيب روشتة make a difference يفرق – يميزleaflet داخل روشتة

الدواءin common مشتركة

examine يفحص pay attention to بـ يهتمdiagnose المرض يشخص was a success ناجحة كانتpharmacy = chemist's صيدلية in turn بعد واحد – بالدور

اآلخر

sore التهاب hostess صاحبة – المضيفةالدعوة

sore throat الحلق التهاب adopt - adoption - التبنياالقتباس

diet - خفيف وجبة handicapped = crippled المعاقين

on diet رجيم يعمل tablets دواء أقراص

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Belgium بلجيكا Medicins du Monde للناس أطباءcontact بـ يتصل on his own بمفردهcollect يجمع relatives أقاربflight طيران رحلة host (v) يستضي

فoptician بصريات فني

Verbs + Prepositions

care for بـ يعتنى begin with بـ يبدأoperate on لـ جراحة يجرى look after بـ يعتنىhear about يسمع

عنlisten to إلى يستمع

add to إلى يضيف approve of على يوافق

Direct and Reported speech

1 – Statement1- He says, “ I’ll travel abroad next week." He says (that) he’ll travel abroad next week.2- He says to me, “I invite you to dinner.” He tells me that he invites me to dinner.

فعل كان إذا المباشر غير الكالم إلى الخبرية الجملة تحويل عند مستقبل أو مضارع القول

الفعل -1 تتحول sayيبقى .tellإلى say toولكناستخدامها . thatتستخدم -2 عدم ويمكن ربط كأداةتتغير -3 ال ولكن األقواس داخل فقط الضمائر تتغير

الزمنية الظروف أو . األزمنة1- He said “I’ll travel abroad next week. He said (that) he would travel next week.

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2- He said to me, “I’m learning French.” He told me (that) he was learning French.

: ماضي القول فعل كان إذا الخبرية الجملة تحويل عندوتحول saidتبقى -1 هي .toldإلى said toكمااألقواس .-2 داخل اآلتي يتغيرالمعنى .** حسب الضمائر

بسيط ) ** المضارع من إلى ( –تام –األزمنة مستمرالماضي ماعدا هي كما الماضي أزمنة تبقى ولكن الماضي

التام . الماضي إلى يتحول أو هو كما يظل أن يمكن البسيطالجدول ** حسب تتحول اإلشارة وأسماء الزمنية .الظروف

Direct Reported Direct Reportedthis that here there

these those tomorrow the following (next) day today that day next ( week ) the following (week)

the (week) after tonight that night yesterday the day before

the previous day now then last (week) the (week) beforeago before

اآلتي في تغيرات يحدث ال : ** مالحظات

تتغير- 1 ال ثابتة حقيقة عن الجملة تعبر . حينما He said , "The days are shorter in winter."

He said that the days are shorter in winter. بسيطة- 2 فترة قبل أو الحال فى قيل قد الكالم يكون حينما

اآلتية التعبيرات مع : وتستخدم (now - Just, a moment ago , a minute ago , .....) He said just now ,"No one is allowed to leave."

He said just now that no one is allowed to leave.ومع- 3 والثالثة الثانية الشرطية الحالة . if only / wish فى

1- He said, "if he had the money, I would buy a car.'' He said that if he had the money, he would buy a car.

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2- She said," If I had met him, I would have known the news." She said that if she had met him, she would have known the news.3- He said," I wish I got the prize." He said that he wish he got the prize.

1- Reported Question

: اآلتى نتبع المباشر غير الكالم إلى السؤال تحويل عندالمستقبل- 1 أو المضارع القول فعل كان : إذا

القول- فعل (, inquire , wonder, ask, want to know ) إلى say يتحول فقط ask إلى say to وتتحول

1- He says, will the match start now?"- He wonders if / whether the match will start now.

2- He says to me ,"When did you buy a car?"-He asks me when I bought my car .

نستخدم -2 ناقص أو مساعد بفعل السؤال بدا كأداة whether, if إذااألداة نفس تستخدم استفهام بأداة السؤال بدأ وإذا ربط

ربط . كأداةفعل- ) ( 3 و فاعل أى خبرية جملة إلى السؤال يتحولالظروف- 4 أو االزمنة تتغير وال األقواس داخل الضمائر تتغير

الزمنية .

: ماضى القول فعل كان إذا2القول- 1 فعل inquired, wondered, asked, wanted ) إلى said يتحول

to know ) . asked إلى said to ويتحول -

الماضى- 2 إلى المضارع من الضمائر أزمنة – تتغير وتبقىهو كما تبقى أن يمكن البسيط الماضى عدا ما هى كما الماضى

التام . الماضى إلى يتحول أو

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الجدول- ) 3 حسب اإلشارة وأسم الزمنية الظروف تتغير .السابق (

1- He said, "Will the match start soon?"-He inquired if / whether the match would start soon.

2-He said to me, "Where do you live?"-He asked me where I lived.

: اآلتية األمثلة فى ** الحظفترة منذ انتهى قد والكالم ماضى القول فعل كان إذا

تتغير ) وال األقـــواس داخل فقط الضمائر تتغير قصيرةالزمنية ( . الظروف أو األزمنة

-He said just now, "What’s yours telephone number.-He wondered just now what my telephone number is.

Orders, requests and advice

القول فعل asked , begged , warned , advised.إلى said toيتحول, told , ordered

1-He said to me, "Fill in this form, please."He asked me to fill in that form.

2-The doctor said to the patient, "Stay in bed for a week."The doctor advised the patient to stay in bed for a week.

3- The zoo keeper said to the children “Do not put your hands near the bars ?”The zoo keeper warned the children not to put their hands near the bars.

4-He said to me, "Don’t lend her any money?" He asked me not to lend her any money.

1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1. The .......... hours of that doctor is from nine to twelve o'clock.a) workroom b) workshop c) surgery d) study

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2. He is a heart........... Most of his operations are successful.a) surgeon b) physician c) dentist d) oculist

3. I went to the .......... to have a bad tooth pulled.a) chemist's b) oculist's c) optician's d) dentist's

4. A.......... helps women when they are giving birth to children. a) consultant b) midwife c) surgeon d) physician

5. A.......... doctor is concerned with the medical care and treatment of animals.a) veteran b) veterinary c) dentist d) physician

6. You have to be .......... if you want to live happily in a foreign country.a) unnatural b) unfamiliar c) extraordinary d) adaptable.

7. He felt great.......... to his brother and was ready to do all he coulda) hatred b) affection c) enmity d) dislike

8. He raised money for.......... to help the handicapped. a) reward b) gift c) charity d) present

9. He usually.......... for extra work as he is greatly interested in his job.a) compels b) volunteers c) forces d) presses

10. He likes to live in the country and enjoy the pleasant........... around him.a) surroundings b) surrounding c) circles d) cycle

11. Most medicines are only available with a doctor's ...........a) message b) cable c) prescription d) letter

12. The rich man .......... a large sum of money to cancer researches.a) donated b) accepted c) got d) rewarded

13. Most people in Egypt are .......... with Chinese food.a) accustomed b) familiar c) used to d) unfamiliar

14. He acted as a .......... and showed us the sights of the city.a) host b) guest c) visitor d) resident

15. Mr Wahid held ......... with the minister on TV in which they discussed all the points we want to know about the coming changes in education.a) an interview b) a challenge c) a view d) a review

16. The host families .......... after the children.a) take b) care c) look d) help

17. Top surgeons treated the children ..........of charge.a) free b) excluded c) unpaid d) included

18. Though he eats a lot, he does not.......... on weight.a) make b) put c) get d) obtained

19. My family .......... in my pen-friend for a month.a) took b) got c) obtained d) gained

20. Poor people are treated in this hospital.......... free.a) for b) on c) with d) in

21. Many people are heavy smokers although they are ……….. of harm.a) acquainted b) familiar c) aware d) sensitive

22. We look .......... to seeing Abu Simbel when we go to Aswan.

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a) for b) forward c) up d) out23. He lives .......... his own so, he has to do everything by himself,

a) by b) on c) of d) at24. We hope to ......... Olympic Games.

a) host b) gain c) get d) take25. The student works.......... the same lines as his teacher told him.

a) at b) along c) of d) in26. The teacher spoke to each pupil.......... turn.

a) at b) of c) on d) in27. A few pictures and statues can .......... this room up.

a) cheer b) rejoice c) please d) delight28. The surgeon.......... on the child who had a hole in his heart.

a) cut b) made c) operated d) undertook29. Although they have few interests...... common, they are close friends.|

a) at b) on c) in d) of 30. The court.......... the criminal to a hospital to find out if he was really insane.

a) referred b) joined c) inferred d) preferred

31. The organization helps children ..... heart diseases .a) by b)with c) in d) on

32. The organization is called the Chain ....... Hopea) of b) off c) by d) on

33. Some organizations offer ....... facilities for sick children.a) medicine b) medical c) medicinal d) medically

34. The nurse asked the patient to........... up his sleeve to give an injection.a) roll b) stand c) look d) push

35. The surgeon agreed to... the operation the next day.a) perform b) make c) work d) carry

36. I was able to ..... him but I couldn't remember his name.a) recognize b) know c) hold d) behold

37. Malaria can be ..... with drugs nowadays.a) healed b) dealing c) treated d) infected

38. This food had gone bad. It isn't ..... to eat. a) helpful b) suitable c) ready d) helpless

39. He is... from his injury slowly. a) recovering b) dealing c) curing d) healing40. Many projects are ........ out all over Egypt.

a) made b) carried c) found d) done41. She should find ... more about these new jobs. a) at b) for c) in d) out42. People should be aware ... the effects of taking drugs.

a) from b) of c) off d) about43. He is an expert ....... medicine.

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a) with b) in c) of d) about44. The poor man was ....... in hospital for free.

a) treated b) recovered c) restored d) healed45. He is eating too much so he put...... weight.

a) for b) with c) on d) at46. He stayed ... his mother in Alexandria. a) at b) in c) with d) for47. She is looking ..... to becoming the boss of the office. a) for b) forward c) around d) up48. He is a .......doctor, he treats poor .patients for free .

a) cruel b) kind c) violent d) pitiless 49. He gave me the names of his relatives who can be ... in case of emergency.

a) connected b) contacted c) transmitted d) contented50. A lot of kind people .... money for poor people. a) receive b) get c) donate d) take51. I.................. a recent photo with my letter to my pen-friend.

a) included b) enclosed c) involved d) carried52- The famous surgeon has operated many heart ......... a) transfusions b) operations c) bandages d) extraction53- The operation was a ........ and the patient went home,

a) success b) successful c) successfully d) succeed54. He wanted to have a heart operation but he is unable to afford ……... of doctors.

a) salaries b) wages c) fines d) fees 55. Salwa is a perfect...; she always looks after her guests very well;

a) hostess b) newcomer c) host d)guest56. The Chain of Hope was first set........ in France.

a) up b) off c) to d) down 57. My family took..... a Chain of Hope child for a month last year.

a) after b) in c) out d) on58. The host families ........... after the children before and after the operations.

a) take b) look c) help d) care59. The doctor.... the patient and gave him some medicines.

a) looked b) examined c) observed d) notice60. Cairo will…………….. the next medical conference.

a) receive b) host c) act d) contain

General Exercises On Direct And Indirect Speech1. He said that the earth (moves - moved - was moving -was moved) round the sun.2. "I invite you to my birthday." He tells me he (invites - invited - would invite - would

be invited) me to his birthday.

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3. "We have a holiday.” The boys said they (have - had - have had - were having) a holiday.

4. "We will not come." They told her they (will not - would not - could not – would not have) come.

5. "If I had a holiday, I would go to Alex." He said that if he (has - had - had had - has had) a holiday, he (would go - would have gone - went - had gone) to Alex.

6. "I’ll give you my book." He said he (’ll give - would give - would have given - gives) me his book.

7. "I will help you". He said just now that he (will help - would help- would be helping- will be helping) me.

8. "I wish I won the match." He said he wished he (won - had won - has won – was winning) the match.

9. "I met her a week ago". He said he had met her a week (ago - before - after-then).10."I like this dress ".She said she liked (this - that -there - those) dress.11. He wanted to know how much (does my car coat-did my car cost- my car costs -

my car cost). 12. He asked her where she (has bought - buys - had bought-will, buy) the -fruit.13. The teacher asked (did you do-did the pupils- if the pupils do-if the pupils had

done) their homework. 14. The teacher asked (do you all understand this - did you all understand this – if

they all understand this - whether they all understood that) situation.15. The man wanted to know where (they are going - are they going - they were

going - were they going).16-He asked me just now (do I take - did I take – if I take –if I took) the money.17. He wanted to know where she (will meet – would meet - would have met –would

be met) him the next day. 18-She asked me when (had I - I had - did I have – do I have) to leave.19. He asked me (if she noticed - whether she noticed - whether she had noticed)

what he had done.20. They asked the teacher (did they pass -if they passed - whether did they pass –

if did they pass) the examination.

2. Re-write the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets give the same meaning:1. He says, "I'm pleased to get the prize." (He says that.......).2. He said just now, "I shall meet him at six o'clock". (He said just now)3. He said to me, "I need your help now." (told)4. He told me that he would take my book. (said to)5. She told me she was seriously ill. (said to)6. She said to me "I suppose you have heard the latest news." (told)7. They told me they would travel to the country the next day. (said to)|

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8. He said to me, "I go to Alex every summer." (told) 9. She said that she had seen the film a week before, (ago) 10. He tells me that the child has been found safe and sound, (says to)11. "How much does it cost to go to Rome by plane?", he asked himself, (wondered)12. "Why don't we go to the library to study?", she asked me. (suggested) 13. She said, "Are you working today, Adel?" (whether)14. "Have you ever seen a giraffe?" Sam asked, (had)15. She said, "Have you posted the letter or not, Omar?" (had)16. She said, "When will you be back, Sameh?" ( would)17. He said, "Why do you want to resign, Ali?" ( wanted )18. Susan said, "How did he steal your bag, Samia?" (stolen)19. She said, "Is there anything wrong with you, Soha?" ( if )20. "When did you ring me yesterday?", said Hamed. (Before )

UNIT 12Music

musical موسيقية performer مؤدىmusician - آالتي موسيقى organize ينظمmusical instrument آالت

موسيقيةconcert حفلة

موسيقيةcomposer مؤلف- ملحن give a concert حفلة يقيمmelodies = compositions ألحان skilled at فى ماهرfavourite مفضل tune نغمةsimilar to لـ مشابه improve يحسنindividual فردى improvise يرتجلclassical كالسيكي improvisation ارتجالclassical music موسيقى

كالسيكيةreflect يعكس

folk music فلكلورية موسيقى reflect on على الضوء يلقىrababa الربابا code شفرة

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simsemaya السمسمية combination – توليفةتركيب

rock mixture of الروك من خليطjazz الجاز loudly مرتفع بصوتreggae الهند( ) غرب الراج softly بصوت

منخفضrap ) خفبفة الراب

وسريعة(quietly بهدوء

popular - محبوب شعبي thanks to بفضلprofessional محترف variety تنوعlocal محلى vary يتنوعcommunities - جماعات

مجتمعاتexcite يثير

majority األغلبية calm down يهدأminority األقلية rang from …to – من يتراوح

إلى

different from مختلف anti-violence العنفالمضاد

differ from يختلف violate ينتهكdifference اختالف violation – انتهاك

خرقappeal to لـ يروق popular / familiar with بـ مشهورexile المنفى traditional تقليديexit الخروج bricklayer البناء

باألجرindependent مستقل oriental شرقي

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independence االستقالل

sweep - swept يجتاح

breadwinner الرزق كاسب) عائل(

nationalistic قومي

national anthem السالمالوطني

found - founded يؤسس

revolt against ضد يثور types of music أنواعالموسيقى

revolution ثورة audience مستمعينdemonstrate يتظاهر viewers مشاهدينdemonstration مظاهرة fans / spectators مشجعينrebel يتمرد lute العود آلةrebellion تمرد historical events أحداث

تاريخيةup rising انتفاضة Pop موسيقى

البوبrenaissance نهضة recording companies شركات

التسجيلworking class الطبقة

العاملةpass down from... to من ينتقل

إلىmiddle class الطبقة

الوسطىrepresent يمثل

lower class الطبقةالدنيا

mass media اإلعالم وسائلالجماهيرية

autocratic أرستقراطي

horror films رعب أفالم

force bagpipes - القوة مزمار

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يجبر القربةcompel – يرغم

يجبرcouncil مجلس

violent عنيف spy جاسوسviolence العنف piper عازف

المزمار

back to back – متتاليبالعدل

one after the other

back to front معكوس-مقلوب

the wrong way round

by and large عام بوجه generally = on the whole

give and take حل – وخد هات وسط

agreement = compromise

give or take تقريبا approximately - about

now and again آلخر حين من occasionally = from time to time

odds and ends تتفاها little things = trivialities = unimportant

wait and see اصبر be patient – don't jump to results

come and go يذهب و يأتي moving

decree حكم يشهد- يصدر

Verbs + Gerund or Infinitiveبعدها يأتي فقط : toأفعال المصدر و

agree يوافق

demand يطلب long يشتا ق

promise يوعد

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arrange يرتب deserve يستحق

manage يتحكم

refuse يرفض

attempt يحاول

expect يتوقع mean يقصد threaten يهدد

dare يجرؤ hope يأمل offer يعرض

want يريد

decide يقرر learn يتعلم pretend يتظاهر

wish منيتى

allow يسمح

cause يسبب intend ينوى

force يجبر

invite يدعو

: gerundأفعال يأتي بعدها enjoy يستم

تعsuggest يقترح miss يفقد

avoid يتجنب

risk يخاطر fancy يتخيل

deny ينكر practice يمارس delay , put off يؤجلfinish ينته

يrecommend بـ يوصي I can’t stand ال

أتحمل

admit يعترف

imagine يتخيل keep on يستمرفي

go يذهب come يأتي mind يمانعprevent يمنع I can’t help أن أستطيع ال

عن أتمالكgo on يستم

رgive up يتوقف

عن

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+ to أو ) ing ( gerund) أفعال يأتي بعدها الفعل + المصدر ( مع تغير بسيط في المعني :

begin يبدأ continue يستمر

like يحب hate يكره

start يبدأ prefer يفضل

love يحب can’t bear يستطي عال يتحمل أن

مناسبة إلى تشير ( فإنهاto+ ) المصدر األفعال هذه بعد جاء إذا فكرة إلى تشير ( قإنهاing+ ) الفعل بعدها جاء إذا – معينة. عامة

* I like swimming. == (a general statement) * I like to swim. It’s fine now. = (a particular occasion )

الفعل ) + بعدها يأتي المصدر ( ) + ingأفعال وجود ( toأو معكبير مثل : تغيير المعنى فى

) remember, forget, regret, try , stop (

- remember + to + يتذكر ) المصدر الشئ يفعل أن يتذكريفعل ( ثم أوال- remember + v +ing الشئ فعل أنه يتذكر- He reme-bered to post the letter. = He remembered, and then he posted the letter. -He remembered posting the letter.= He posted the letter, and later remembered.

forget + to + لم ) المصدر أى الشئ يفعل أن ينسىالشئ ( يفعلforget + v + ing الشئ فعل أنه ينسى - He forgot to lock the door. = He didn’t lock it.- He forgot locking the door . = He locked it but couldn’t remember that.

* regret + to الشئ المصدر يفعل أن مضطر أنه يأسف- regret + v + ing الشئ فعل أنه يندم أو يأسف- He regretted to tell the news. = He was sorry that it was necessary to tell you the bad news.- He regretted telling the bad news. = He was sorry that he had told you the bad news.

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- try + to + الشئ ) المصدر يفعل لكى مجهود يبذل يحاول–) تفشل المحاولة

- try + v + ing يحدث سوف ما وسيرى يجرب- I tried to stop him but he had already left.- If you can’t get up in the morning , try going to bed earlier.

- stop + to + شئ ) المصدر يفعل لكى لغرض يتوقف آخر ( - stop + v + ing الشئ فيتوق فعل عن - He stopped to listen to music. = He stopped what he was doing in order to listen to

music.- He stopped listening to music. = He didn't listen to music any more.(He had

listened to what he wanted to listen to)

Degrees of Liking and Disliking

V + ing عن تعبيرالحب

V + ing الكراهية

I love شخص( يحب( I dislike أحب الI like مادة يحب I hate يكره I’m fond of بـ مغرم I despise / loathe يحتقرI’m crazy/ mad about بـ مجنون I scorn يحتقرI’m a great fan of لـ مشجع can’t stand / can't bear يكره

بشدةI’m keen on فى جاد I’d rather +

مصدراألفضل

I’m interested in بـ مهتم I prefer + to + مصدرI adore يعشق I prefer + v + ing + to + v + ing

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A- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:1. They succeeded in breaking the enemy's .......so their secrets were known to them.

a) letters b) rules c) writing d) code2. Abu Zeid El-Helaly is an Egyptian ......... hero.

a) modern b) up-to- date c) folk d) royal3.......... writes music professionally.

a) An author b) A writer c) A composer d) A player4) Young people do not prefer ......... music although it is serious and has its value.

a) old b) jazz c) classical d) modern5. Television can reach ......... of millions. a) an audience b) hearers c) listeners d) receivers6) The ......... of our students got high marks, only a small number didn't get good marks.

a) minority b) majority c) least d) fewest7-It was obvious that the actor had forgotten his lines; so he had to a) improvise b) illustrate c) simplify d) clarify8- Contrary to what was expected, the audience admired the actor's….... which he

fabricated on the spur of the moment. a) study b) memorization c) improvisation d) improvement9. Her application was well-typed and looked......... so, the employer was greatly

satisfied with it.a) common b) ordinary c) professional d) untidy

10. Mr Wahid is so ......... that his students enjoy attending his classes.a) aggressive b) shameful c) humble d) boring

11. Universities should be centers of.........a) ignorance b) illiteracy c) culture d) negligence

12. She is praised as her work is considered very good ..........a) larger than life b) by and large c) not so large d) at large

13. It is a bad ......... that people play tricks on the first of April.a) tradition b) trade c) story d) narrative

14. The Sixth of October victory is ........a) historian b) history c) historical d) historic

15. The court......... that the man was a spy; so he was hanged.a) decreed b) witnessed c) recognized d) informed

16. He was ......... because he proved to be a murderer.a) hung b) hanged c) set free d) held up

17. He was found ......... so he was hanged.a) innocent b) guilty c) pure d) faultless

18. He was ......... to court because he had been bribed.a) taken b)given c) received d) rewarded

19. Folk music is passed ......... from one generation to another.a) by b) up c) down d) through

20. He was found ......... so he was set free.

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a) guilty b) innocent c) faulty d) offender21.......... music is the music of local communities.

a) Classical b) Popular c) Private d) Folk22. He ......... a lot of money as a result of the company he owns.

a) forms b) makes c) does d) performs23. A feeling for revenge....... through him when he saw his brother murdered.

a) ran b) swept c) walked d) moved24. Classical music is composed by ......... musicians.

a) professional b) amateur c) inferior d) inexperienced25. He looked ......... his lost pen but didn't find it.

a) after b) at c) over d) for26. There is a ......... of bedrooms. You can choose what you like.

a) uniform b) variety c) standard d) pattern27. There is nothing to compare ...... the taste of bread fresh from the oven.

a) in b) to c) with d) of28. A......... was hanged as he gave his country's secrets to the enemy.

a) patriot b) spy c) nationalist d) hero29. Our...... anthem was taken from one of Mustafa Kamel's speeches.

a) international b) universal c) national d) world.31. The tourist complained ...... the high cost of the meals

a) from b) for c) about d) with32. We'll have to ......... what happens.

a) give or take b) by and large c) now and again d) wait and see33. A country's national song is called its ...........

a) national anthem b) folk music c) poem d) rhyme34. After her father's death, she became the ..... of the family.

a) employer b) owner c) breadwinner d) maker35. He was forced to leave his country and was sent into .........

a) exertion b) exile c) overseas d) abroad36. He is in ........ of running his own business.

a) favourable b) favourite c) favour d) favoured37. She flew into ....... when she discovered that her child had been kidnapped.

a) worry b) danger c) hunger d) a rage38. She made her child ..... milk every day.

a) to drink b) drink c) drinking d) drank39. Scientists .... their experiments in the laboratory.

a) do b) carry c) work d) have40.1........ him to stop smoking and do more exercises.

a) suggested b) advised c) commented d) announced41. Folk music is the music of....... communities

a) local b) super c) higher d) worldwide42. Written music follows a ........ of rules.

a) site b) seat c) set d) session

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43. Famous songs ....... huge amounts of money.a) do b) make c) find d) manufacture

44- They were accused.........playing musical instruments in the park.a- for b- to c- with d- of

45- It is.........the law to carry a weapon in public.a- opposed b- under c- out of d-against

46-The Egyptian couple complained......the high cost of visiting America.a- from b-for c- about d- with

47-We heard Nada.........in her room.a- sings b- sang c- singing d-to sing

48-This is the musician who used to.........the bagpipes in his flat.a- practise b- make c- create d- compose

Exercise on Fixed Phrases1- I don't often go to the parties, I just go .........

a- now and again b- back to backc- by and large d- back to front

2- He gave me a box full of......... that he didn't need.a- give and take b- back to frontc- odds and ends d- by and large

3- I don't know which symphony the orchestra is going to play. We'll have to ........a- give or take b- give and takec- back to back d- wait and see

4- we agree with your company's proposal……………a- by and large b- now and againc- back to back d- wait and see

5- The band played two concerts…………..a- give and take b- odds and endsc- by and large d- back to back

6- The picture was printed on the wrong way around. It's ......a- back to front b- back to backc- now and again d- give or take

7- They enjoy a happy relationship where there is a lot of.......a- give or take b- give and takec- odds and ends d- back to front

8- They grow to a height of 12 inches......... a couple of inches.a- now and again b- hack to backc- by and large d- give or take

9- .........he would join in when we were playing video games.a- Back to back b- Odds and endsc- Now and again d- By and large

10- My brother has a collection of magazines to which I return……………..a- now and again b- hack to back

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c- give or take d- odds and ends11-She sweeps up and does a few .........

a- give or take b- now and againc- by and large d- odds and ends

12-We'll have to........................ what happens.a- give or take b- wait and secc- give and take d- odds and ends

13-Charities are………………. exempt from income tax.a- by and large b- back to frontc- odds and ends d- back to hack

2- Rewrite using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:1-He occasionally visits his relatives, (now)2-He gave me a box full of unimportant things that I didn't need. (odds)3-Generally speaking, we agree to your plans, (by)

1. The robbers were made (give- giving - to give - to the giving) themselves up.2. Don’t hesitate (ask - to ask - to be asking - asking) for help if you need.3. My friends invited me (Join-to join-joining-to joining) them. 4. They persuaded me (not to see - not seeing – don’t seeing - not being seen) him.5. Unemployment levels tend (rise - to rise - rising - risen) in most countries.6. He regrets (not to go - not go - not going - not gone) to the country last holiday.7. I clearly remember (to set - set - setting - to be set) my alarm clock before going

to bed last night.8. I promised (take - to take - taking - to taking) my son to the zoo but I don’t feel like going now.9. These plants require (to water - water - watery - warring) every day.10. My doctor doesn’t allow me (eat - to eat - eating- to eating) red meat.11. I have finished (to write - write - writing -.-wrote) the report.12. He suggested (go - to go - will go - going) for a swim.13. They practice (to play - playing- play- played) the piano everyday.14. He deciding (selling-to sell - sell –sold) his car.15-Maher agreed (came - coming – to come - will come) sailing with us.16. He threatened (reporting – reported -would report - to report) the police.7. Would you mind (giving-to give-grove - will give) me your camera?

18. The tourists enjoyed (visited – to visit-visit- visiting) the places of interest in Egypt. 19. Fancy (to meet – meeting -meet - met) you here!20. I wish (to have - have -having- will have) a car.21. I want to avoid (going- to go- go - to have gone) out in the rain.22. I prefer (spending- to spend - spend - will spend) this week in the country.23. They demanded-(seeing - to see - would see - see) the manager.

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24. He deserved (to be – be - being - been) punished.25. The boy (ten iced, (broke - to break - breaking - break) the window.26. I would rive require (jumping-jump-to jump- will jump) from that wall.27. We arranged (to meet - met - meet - meeting) at 9 o’clock.28. I don’t recommend (going - to go - go - will go) on along car ride if you don’t like

traveling.29. He risked (to lose - lost - lose - losing) his house when his company went

bankrupt.30. I think we should delay (deciding - to decide - decide - to deciding) about this until

next year.31. Did you manage (phoned - to phone - phoning - phone) your brother?32. They longed (being - to be - would be - were) back home.33. He started (loam - learning - to learn - learned) the piano when he was 10.34. He came to the party but he refused (to talk- talked- talk- talking) to anyone.35. She wanted (buying - to buy - buy - bought) a new camera.36.I can’t stand (to listen - listen - listened - listening) to him.37. Don’t try (driving- to drive- will drive- drive if you have never driven before.38. Have you tried (eating - eat - ate to eat) fish with jam? 39-Try (to put - putting- wilt put - out) the aerial over there - it might work better.40. Stop (shout - to shout - shouting - to shouting). You’re giving me a headache.

B) Rewrite the following sentences:1- The manager doesn’t allow smoking in the office.

(anyone)2- It was not easy for her to book a ticket. (difficulty)3- He will make an effort to reach the station on time. (try)4- The said he hadn’t taken the money.

(taking)5- Learning that no one was hurt in the accident was a great relief. ( relieved)6- The kidnappers forced the boy to get into the car. (made)7- He studied the symptoms of the disease before anyone did. (first)8- It seems that Amer isn’t enjoying himself today. (appears)9- I needed some chocolate, do I go to the supermarket. (get)10- I’d like you to open the door for me. (mind)11- Are you sorry for coming to the meeting? (regret)12- I can do what I want and you can’t stop me. (You can’t stop)

UNIT 13WOMEN IN HISTORY

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organization منظمة long live…. ...... تحياbeliefs معتقدات cheering crowds فى يصوت

االنتخاباتordinary عادى line طابور يصطف

جانبيshare – يتشارك

يتقاسمqueue up أمام طابور يقف

مكان

free حر rows بالعرض صفوفfreedom الحرية lean out of من يطلliberty حرية

المعتقداتthreat تهديد – يهدد

law قانون political rights الحقوقالسياسية

equality المساواة vote االنتخابات فى يصوتpublic opinion العام الرأى polls = ballots صناديق

االقتراعpeace السالم elect = select ينتخب-

يختارtaxes الضرائب elections إنتخاباتpatriotism الوطنية supporter / advocator - مؤيد

مناصرpatriot وطنى voter ناخبsociety مجتمع Union نقابة – إتحاد

العمالmarch مشية فى يسير

- مسيرة عسكريةdisturbances - تجاوزات

اضطراباتfight يحارب- حرب protest against على يحتج

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war حرب interrupt يقاطعdemonstrate يتظاهر chain = handcuff - يده يكبل

يقيدcontribution مساهمة in favour of لـ مؤيدcontribute to – يساهم

يشاركI'm for لـ مؤيد

nation أمة against ضدauthorities السلطات a graduate of جامعي خريج

.... منobserver - شاهد مالحظ graduate from من بتخرج

university جامعة congratulate on على يهنىءrun a shop محل يدير in defence of الدفاع فى

عنnun أخت- راهبة blame …sb….for… شخص يلوم

على...non غير blame…sth…on.. شىء يلوم

على...monk راهب blind أعمىpriest قسيس charge with بـ يتهمchurch كنيسة in charge of عن مسئولchapel صغيرة كنيسة feminist / manly نسائىlater بعد فيما deaf أصمsight مشهد poverty الفقرsite موقع desperate – بائس

يائسhomeless مأوى بال tutor معلم

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خصوصيshelter مأوى campaign (v-n) /حملة يدير

انتخابيةpermission إذن pilot طيارgrant – gift - يهب بمنح aviation المالحة

الجويةhouse يسكن licence رخصةcareer مهنة beat / break the record الرقم يحطم

القياسي

editor محرر army الجيشfreelance صحفي

مستقلAt the age of عمر فى

exile المنفى solo flight رحلةمنفردة

Parliament البرلمان public عامParliamentary برلمانية hand over يسلمgather يجمع duties مسئولياتtogether معا miss the record يحطم ال

الرقمbitter الذع argue for / with من يجادل

أجلburst into tears فى ينفجر

البكاءmark على يدل – يعلم – يميز

accuse…sb…... ofيتهم بـlead againstيقود ضدremind…sb…... ofيذكر بـprotest againstيحتج علىblame…sb…… forيلوم علىhold againstيقيم ضد

thank…..sb……forيشكر علىblame …sth…onيلوم على

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QUESTION TAG QUESTION TAG

criticize…….…forينتقد علىcongratulate onيهنئ على يؤسسprotect fromيحمى من

من أجلset up for……

يفعلprevent fromيمنع منألجل

do …sth……….for

charge ……..withيتهم بـprovide …….withيمد بـ

أو المساعد الفعل من ويتكون الجملة نهاية فى قصير سؤال هو الفاعل وضمير الناقص

ناقص أو مساعد + فعل فاعل ضميرDoes he? Is he? Won’t you?

اإلجابة و منفى المذيل السؤال يكون مثبت الرئيسى الفعل كان إذا . Yes هى المتوقعة

* The manager arrived late, didn’t he? Yes, he did. وتكون مثبت المذيل السؤال يكون منفى الرئيسى الفعل كان ** إذا

.No هى المتوقعة اإلجابة* Ragab won’t come to the party , will he? No, he won’t.

: ستخدامإاليتفق* المستمع أن فقط للتأكد المذيل السؤال يستخدم

السؤال . نهاية فى صوتك ينخفض وهنا . معك- This car is expensive, isn’t it? It certainly is.

نهاية* فى صوتك يرتفع وهنا حقيقيا سؤاال تسأل عندما .السؤال

- A : This suit is made of wool, isn’t it?- B : That’s right, it’s a high quality wool

يأتي ما الحظ1. I’m coming with you, aren’t I? ******** am I not?2. Let’s leave, shall we?3. Let us leave, won’t you / will you?4. I’d rather stay, wouldn’t I?5. You’d better stay, hadn’t you?6. Open the door, will / would / could you?

7. Don’t speak loudly, will you?

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8. Somebody took my camera, didn’t they?9. No one helped her, didn't they?10. Every one speaks English, don’t they?11. Everything is wrong, isn’t it?12. Nothing is right, is it?13. Neither of them plays chess, do they?14. I think that he will get high marks, won’t he?15. I don’t think he will fail in the exam, will he?16. This )That( is a monkey, isn’t it?17. He had dinner, didn’t he?18. He had a car, didn’t (hadn’t) he? 19. They never- hardly – rarely – seldom-scarcely tell lies, do they? 20. I suggest we play tennis, don’t we? Shallwe?21 -There is no harm in trying it, is there?22. She has dinner in the restaurant, doesn’t she?23. I don’t suppose you could look after the dog, could you?24. I’m not foolish, am I?

1- ……………………………………………….……………………..2- ……………………………………..……………………………….3- ………………………………………………………………………4- ………………………………………………………………………5- ………………………………………………………………………6- ………………………………………………………………………7-……………………………………………………………………….8- ………………………………………………………………………9- ………………………………………………………………………10- …………………………………………………………………….11- …………………………………………………………………….

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1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:1. I........ for the national party candidate in the last elections.

a) selected b) chose c) voted d) approved2. A ........ is money paid to the government according to one's income and property.

a) credit b) tax c) taxi d) debt3. Saad Zaghloul was sent into ........ and had to live outside his country.

a) exile b) escape c) exit d) departure4. ....... crowds lined the streets shouting "Long live Mubarak".

a) Crying b) Weeping c) Cheering d) Sobbing5. War broke ........ between Britain and Germany in 1914.

a) in b) up c) down d) out6. The ........ opinion is against fighting and war.

a) general b) public c) familiar d) regular7. They are in ........ of peace. They are all against war.

a) favour b) scorn c) contempt d) disrespect8. He earns his living by ........ a shop.

a) advising b) guiding c) steering d) running9......... children live on the streets and have no shelter.

a) Homeless b) Settled c) Housed d) Fixed10. As a result of his illness he handed ………….... his work to his son.

a) off b) up c) on d)over11. Mother Teresa was ........ the Nobel Prize.

a) taken b) received c) awarded d) sent12. Saiza Nabarawi was a leader of the early feminist.........

a) motion b) operation c) movement d) deed13. All the passengers were killed in the plane .........

a) incident b) crash c) event d) state14. He was able to ....... the record and get the gold medal.

a) beat b) miss c) lose d) hide15. She was ........ unhappy when her husband died. She had a nervous breakdown.

a) desperately b) slightly c) partly d) trivially16. He took charge ........ the company after his father's death.

a) on b) up c) at d) of17. She ........ into tears when she knew that she had lost all her wealth.

a) exploded b) shut c) burst d) opened18. Sham El-Neseem ........ the beginning of spring.

a) makes b) observes c) remarks d) marks19. Scientists use remote ........ to find underground water.

a) control b) sensing c) distance d) action20. The Japanese have made great........ in electronics.

a) contributions b) compositions c) components d) distributions

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21. That temple ........ back to two thousand years.a) comes b) dates c) gives d) turns

22. There are parts of Cairo Metro that run in a ........ under the Nile.a) channel b) hole c) tunnel d) fly-over

23. As soon as he read the advertisement, he ........ for the job.a) supplied b) contracted c) applied d) connected

24. When tourists visit Egypt, they admire the great........ of the ancient Egyptians.a) monuments b) moments c) materials d) subjects

25. He was the first of his colleagues to get........ because of his great skill.a) protest b) promotion c) protection d) production

26. There is ........ when all people have the same rights.a) loyalty b) equality c) freedom d) injustice

27. ........ is the cause of all diseases as poor people cannot get the necessary food and medicine.

a) Wealth b) Health c) Poverty d) Riches28. The ........ movement calls for equal rights.

a) female b) famine c) familiar d) feminist29. As she was a cripple, her rich father hired her a........ to learn at home.

a) tutor b) worker c) headmaster d) labourer30. They held ........ protesting against the new law.

a) demonstrations b) instructions c) parties d) ceremonies31. As he is ........ he cannot hear.

a) blind b) dumb c) deaf d) sensitive32.Mother Teresa wanted to do something ...... the poor .

a) against b) on c) with d) for33. The child burst into ...... when his toy was broken.

a) laughter b) smiles c) tears d) laws34. The government tries hard to help university graduates to ..... their own business.

a) protect b) run c) stand d) vote35. At the elections, citizens should vote ......... the best.

a) to b) for c) with d) on36. Homeless children live ........ the streets.

a) in b) at c) on d) up37. When his car broke ....... he took a taxi.

a) out b) down c) up d) off38. After great struggle, the Egyptian women were given the ..... to vote.

a) duty b) task c) job d) right39. In 1914, the first world war broke... between Britain and Germany.

a) out b) in c) at d) for40. In London some people ....... a protest march against unemployment last week.

a) held b) took c) made d) had41. President Mubarak ....... great contributions to world peace.

a) showed b) demonstrated c) did d) made42. She was………. when she heard the news.

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a) exciting b) excited c) excite d) excites43. The lion is a........ wild animal.

a) fright b) frighten c) frightened d) frightening44. In wars …………. soldiers are usually given proper care.

a) wound b) injure c) wounds d) wounded45. The police arrested him for........ street demonstrations .

a) breaking b) arguing c) taking d) leading46. Not only.......but he also got high marks.

a) he succeeded b) he had succeededc) had he succeeded d) should he succeed

47. This invention made a major........ to road safety.a) contribution b) evolution c) institute d) institution

48. Women have to achieve full...... with men in work .a) equal b) equally c) equality d) equation

49. When he became rich, he moved ........ a splendid villa.a) on b) to c) up d) at

50. Love of one's country and pride in it is called .......a) patriot b) patriotism c) patriotic d) patriotically

51. Many women have ....... great contributions to their nations and the world.a) done . b) performed c) worked d) made

52. The Egyptians used to ........ demonstrations against the Bi authorities.a) get b) do c) perform d) hold

53. Mother Teresa began her life as a ... in the Roman Catholic Chuia) nun b) nurse c) priest d) receptionist

54. He went to England ...... the aim of mastering English . a) with b) at c) of d) for

55. They don't have a place to live in. They are .........a) homely b) homeless c) homeland d) homesick

56. Saad Zaghlul was the leader of 1919 .........a) revolution b) demonstration c) march d) solution

57. He was interested in aviation. "Aviation" means ......... a) typing b) filling c) flying d) driving

58. Don't let others ...... your decision. Depend on yourself. a) effect b) influence c) depend d) prevail

59. Cheering crowds ..... in the street to greet the President as he pasa) lined b) queued c) rowed d) stopped

60. He performed a flight alone, It was a....... flight. a) double b) couple c) triple d) solo

A( Choose the correct answer:1. This car is very expensive, (isn’t it – isn’t this car – doesn’t it - is it)?2. She can’t read (isn’t she – doesn’t she - can she – can’t she)?

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3. They arrived late, (don’t they– didn’t they – weren’t they – won’t they)?4. Amgad will visit us tomorrow, (will he – won’t he – wasn’t he – doesn’t he)?5. He’s gone abroad, (isn’t he – hasn’t he – doesn’t he – won’t he)?6. He won’t come to the platy, (will he – doesn’t he – isn’t he – can’t he)?7. You didn’t tell me anything, (did you - did I - were you - was I)?8. Maher doesn’t like his teacher, (is he - does he - does Maher - likes he)?9. I don’t know French, (am I - do I - do you - are you)?10. You’d better meet him, (hadn’t you – wouldn’t you – hadn’t I – wouldn’t I)?11 .Let us go, (shall we – shan’t we – won’t you - do you)?12.I haven’t done it yet, (have you - have I - do I - do you)?13. You were late this morning, (didn’t you–didn’t I–weren’t you-weren’t I)?14. I’d rather have some coffee, (hadn’t I– hadn’t you– wouldn’t you– wouldn’t I)?15. He plays the guitar well, (doesn’t he – isn’t he - does he- is he)?16.I had a bath , (hadn’t I – hadn’t you – didn’t I – didn’t you ) ?17. He never gets up early, (doesn’t he - does he – isn’t he - is he)?18. You should stop making noise, (won’t you- shouldn’t you- don’t you – aren’t you)?19.I’m playing the piano , (don’t I – aren’t I – don’t you – aren’t you) ?.20. It has stopped raining, (hasn’t it - has it – doesn’t it – isn’t it)?21. No one came early, (didn’t he-didn’t they - did he - did they)?22. He eats his meals in a restaurant, (isn’t he – doesn’t he – is he- does he)?23. He wasn’t a good speaker, (wasn’t he - was he - did he – didn’t he)?24. She doesn’t play tennis, (doesn’t she - does she - will she – won’t she)?25. This suit looks nice, (isn’t it - is it – doesn’t it - does it)?26. We don’t have to pay, (haven’t we - have we – do we – don’t we)?27. You haven’t got the prize, (did you – didn’t you- haven’t you - have you)?28. Don’t make any noise, (do you – don’t you – won’t you - will you)?29. Wait here a moment, (do you - don’t you – can you – can’t you)?30. I am working hard, (aren’t I – aren’t you – do I- do you)?B( Rewrite the following sentences1. Hind is clever, isn’t she? ( stupid)2. They behaved badly, didn’t they? (well) 3. I suggest we go for a swim, don’t we? ( let’s )4. I don’t think they will lose the match, won’t they? (win) 5. The plane arrived early, didn’t it? (late) 6. Everyone refused, didn’t they? (agreed) 7. She is speaking slowly, isn’t she? (quickly) 8. I suggest we make a journey to Ismailia, don’t we? (Let’s) 9. We haven’t got any money left, have we? (is there? ) 10. There is no reason for him to leave early, is there? (has he? )

UNIT 14Reach for the Stars

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reach for إلى يصل spacecraft سفينةفضاء

shuttle فضاء مكوك orbit حول يدورhavoc دمار – خراب recover - يستعيد

يشفىhurricane إعصار specially designed runway

tropical إستوائى مصمم مدرج خصيصاimpact take off تأثير – تصادم مالبس يخلع – يقلعglider شراعية طائرة land يهبطaccelerate – speed up يزيد

السرعةrocket صاروخ

accelerator البنزين دواسة terrifying مرعبJumbo jet نفاثة طائرة

عمالقةkick هزة- يرفس – ضربة

explosion انفجار back ظهرexploration استكشاف satellite صناعي قمرexplore يستكشف lift مصعد – يرفع

كهربائيastronaut فضاء رائد cut out ينفصلastronomer فلك عالم smoothly و بيسر

سهولةastrologer منجم dramatically بطريقة

مثيرةreporter مراسل marble بليةatmosphere الجوى الغالف communications وسائل

االتصالexperience خبرة weather forecasting جوية نشرة

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equivalent to لـ مساو remote sensing االستشعاربعد عن

consist of من يتكون tremendously بطريقةضخمة

series من سلسلةبرنامج

mining التعدين

a two-hour drive قيادة ساعتين asteroid صغير كويكب

metals معادن spectacular مثيرworth بـ يقدر – يستحق shoulder يتحمل – كتفtrillion ملين – نتريليو

مليونcluster – مجموعة

عنقودscare ancestors ذعر – يرعب أسالفhit يصدم herd من قطيعknock it off its course عن يبعده

مسارهantelope ظبى

prepare ….for ..لـ يعد bull ثورgravity الجاذبية

األرضيةamongst بين

further إضافي – أبعد evidence = proof دليلvaluable قيم prehistoric التاريخ قبلclose to - من قريب

مالصقPleiades 7) الثريا

( نجومahead - أمام – سابق

قبلspots بقعة

threaten يهدد talent موهبة

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a threat تهديد sophisticated مثقف- معقدsurvive ينجو – حيا يبقى

منchart خريطة يرسم

mentally عقليا planetarium القبةالسماوية

physically جسديا entrance مدخلemotionally عاطفيا turn دورfemale إنثوى strap = belt حزامget on your nerve يضايق cave كهفrely on – depend on على يعتمد creature مخلوقcope with – conform with يساير

Modal verbs

.الشئ فعل على القدرة عن للتعبيرcan * تستخدمCan / be able to + inf

*He can speak English. She is able to play the piano I can’t do it. .المستقبل أو الحاضر الشئ حدوث * إمكانية

*He will be able to pay you next week.*He can pay you next week.

. شئ بفعل السماح أو ذنإال عن * تعبر*You can drive the car only if you have a driving license.

Could/was )were( able to .الماضى فى القدرة عن للتعبيرcould تستخدم*

*He could (was able to) swim at the age of six.

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*He could ride a bicycle when he was three. االقتراح لعمل وبخاصة والمستقبل المضارع فى * تستخدم What shall we do now? We could* . األذن وطلب والطلب والعرض

play football.*Could /Can I get you a glass of juice?

*Could /Can you open the door please? *Could I go to the cinema?

فى الشئ حدوث إمكانية نع للتعبيرcould * وتستخدم .المستقبل

* There could be an expedition on Mars soon.

Could + have + pp الماضى فى الشئ حدوث إمكانية عن للتعبير * تستخدم

.يحدث لم ولكنه*I didn’t visit my grandfather yesterday, I could have visited him but I had a lot of work.

must, have to /need . الشئ تفعل أن الضرورى من أو * يجب

*It is too late; we must / have to leave now.

have to, must * الفرق بين *I must see this film.

. الشخصية مشاعره عن المتكلم يعبر عندماmust * تستخدم ) وليس حقائق عن المتكلم يعبر عندماhave to/ has to * تستخدم

( الشخصية مشاعر*I’m sorry I can’t travel with you. I have to be at work this afternoon.

*Have to = have got toتستخدم* النفى فى ولكن اإلثبات فى المعنى نفس don’t have toلهما

فقط .*You have to /have got to be at home by 8 o’clock. mustn’t, don’t have to, needn’t, don’t need to haven’t got to.

. ضرورة وجود عدم عن * للتعبير

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*You (don’t have to /don’t need to /needn’t) bring an umbrella; it is not going to rain.

Didn’t have to, didn’t need to كان ألنه الشئ يفعل لم الشخص أن وتعنى الماضى فى * تستخدم

. ضرورى غير *I didn’t have to /didn’t need to make my bed, the maid did it.

الشخص أن وتعنى الماضى فىneedn’t have + pp * نستخدم. اضروري غير كان أنه رغم الشئ فعل

*You needn’t have bought the book. I’ve got one. .اشتريته ولكنني الكتاب لشراء داعى هناك يكن * لم

May / might + infع* للتعبير يوجد نتستخدم وال المستقبل فى الشئ حدوث إمكانيةبينهما . هام فرق

*He may /might arrive tomorrow.May have /might have +pp

. الماضى فى الشئ حدوث إمكانية عن للتعبير * تستخدم*He looks miserable, he (may /might) have lost his job.*He may not / might not have finished his work.

May be /might be + v. + ing فى الشئ حدوث ( استمرار ) احتمال إمكانية عن * تعبر

.والمضارع المستقبل* This time tomorrow, I may /might be travelling to Paris.* He may not /might not drive tomorrow.

May /might +have +been +v. + ing. الماضى فى الشئ حدوث استمرار * احتمال

*He may /might have been playing the piano.

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Shall والعرض اإلفتراح عمل فى تستخدم

* Shall we go for a walk?Should/Ought to/had better

نفعله أن يجب الذى الصحيح الشئ أنه نعتقد ما نقول *عندماالشئ( نفعل أن األفضل من أو الصواب ) من

Should/ought to = It would be a good idea It is a good thing It is advisable / desirable to

*You should / ought to see that film if you get the chance.*You shouldn’t stay up late.

ما شئ عن رأيا نعطى أو نطلب عندما*Do you think we should / ought to ask before we borrow the car?

I think you should.* I think you should / ought to look for another job. * I think you'd better go early.

. مانتوقعه ليس أو صحيح غير الشئ أن نقول عندما* Those students should / ought to be inside the classroom.

.حدوثه محتمل الشئ أن نقول عندما *I should be late at work this afternoon; I have a lot of work to do.

Should / ought to + have + p.p.ــتخدم ــنى الماضى فى تسـ ــخص أن وتعـ الشئ فعل الشـ

الصواب الشئ تفعل أن عليك الواجب من كان ) أى الخطأ ( تفعله لم ولكنك

*You (should have /ought to have) told me you were coming. I didn’t expect you. *He shouldn't have driven on the wrong side of the street.

استخدام :- ملحوظة* من ought toيمكن ought toولكن shouldبدالتستخدم : لذلك النفى فى كثيرا تستخدم بدال shouldn’tال

منها .

Modals to express ability

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Present – future Pastمصدر + can + فاعل مصدر + could + فاعلمصدر + manage to + فاعل + managed to + فاعل

مصدرsucceed in + v + ing + فاعل + succeeded in + v + فاعل

ing + am – is – are +able to + فاعلمصدر

+ was – were +able to + فاعلمصدر

+ am – is – are +capable of + فاعلv+ing

was – were +capable + فاعلof + v+ing

مصدر + have the ability to + فاعل + had the ability to + فاعلمصدر

Modals to express Necessity

الضرورةNecessity

Un necessity انعدام الضرورة

musthas to / has got tohave to / have got toneed to

doesn’t have todon’t have toneedn’t

had to didn’t have toneedn’t have + pp

مستقـبل will have to won’t have to

Deduction

الزمن االستنتاج نوع الكلمةالمستخدمة

الدالة الكلمات

مثبت مؤكد must be I'm sure, certainly

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منفى مؤكد can't becouldn’t be

على تدل جملة االستنتاج أن

صحيحمؤكد غير may + be / )

)المصدرI'm not sure

could + be It is probable

مؤكد غير تماما might be ))المصدر

It is possible

be استبدال يمكنبالمصدر

I don't knowI don't think

مثبت مؤكد must have + p.p

الكلمات نفسةالسابق

منفى مؤكد can't have + p.p

مؤكد غير may have + p.pcould have + pp

مؤكد غير تماما might have + p.p

مثبت مؤكد must be + v + ing must have been +

v + ing

منفى مؤكد can't be + v + ing can't have been +

v + ing

مؤكد غير may be + v ing may have been + v

ing

مؤكد غير تماما might be + v +ing might have been + v +ing

1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

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1. Scientists have proved that global warming has ........a) decreased b) reduced c) accelerated d) lessened

2. They went on an expedition for the ....... of the River Amazon.a) discovery , b) exploration c) explanation d) invention

3. The police ....... the stolen goods and gave them back to their owner. a) recovered b) repaired c) mended d) cured

4. The ....... of the crash threw the passengers out of their seats.a) use b) advantage c) merit d) impact

5. Our football team has the ....... of playing at our home ground.a) disadvantage b) advantage c) loss d) waste

6. Ten dollars is ....... to fifty five pounds today.a) contrary b) unlike c) opposite d)equivalent

7. The advantage of a space ....... is its repeated use.a) steamer b) boat c) liner d) shuttle

8. The flood caused ....... in the whole area; most of the plants died.a) prosperity b) havoc c) progress d) production

9. A ....... can fly without an engine.a) plane b) jet c) jumbo d) glider

10. He's ....... of snakes. He's frightened on seeing them.a) scared b) pleased c) interested d) delighted

11. He cuts ....... the job advertisement to be able to send an application letter tomorrow.a) on b) up c) out d)in

12. The lorry knocked the car ....... its course and made it fall into the canal.a) on b) off c) up d) in

13. He is responsible for a task which is ....... hard, he needs a great effort to carry it out.a) tremendously b) slightly c) trivially d) simply

14. The ....... was caused by a bomb.a) exploration b) explanation c) explosion d) exposure

15. By ....... sensing, they were able to discover oil in that area.a) remote b) near c) close d) under

16. David is .......; he speaks English and German.a) monosyllabic b) illiterate c) irregular d) bilingual

17. Although he eats what he likes, he never puts ....... weight.a) up b) upon c) on d) off

18. Classical music is enjoyed by people from different........a) powers b) worlds c) cultures d) authorities

19.I was able to see the outline but I couldn't see the ....... as it was far away.a) forms b) shape c) formation d) details

20. He borrowed a large sum of money and managed to repay the ....... in two years.a) profit b) tax c) debt d) loss

21. He ....... from his illness and was able to go back to his work.a) treated b) recovered c) cured d) healed

22. The ......................... for the job must have computer skills.a) employees b) employers c) candidates d) directors

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23. The jewel is ..................... ten thousand dollars.a) worthy b) worth c) equivalent d) valued

24. There is a.............. number of people using the internet all over the world.a) growing b) lessening c) decreasing d) steady

25. We had ......................... drive to reach Suez.a) two hours b) a two - hourc) couple hours d) double hours

26. The car is ....... designed for the disabled.a) special b) specially c) specialty d) specialization

27. It was a ....... painting that all attendants admired.a) dull b) spectacular c) boring d) normal

28. Although he is illiterate, he believes he can be a scientist; he is reaching for the ........a) planets b)stars c) heavens d) skies

29. He .................. on his nerves when no one opened the door for him.a) made b) got c) gave d) demanded

30. The ……………...... story of the monster attacking people spread everywhere.a) frightened b) afraid c) scare d) scarred

31. He has ………….... from his illness and he is well now. a) recovered b) discovered c) regained d) covered

32. The power needed to take a shuttle into space is ………….. to 140 jumbos.a) similar b) like c) same d) equivalent

33. Astronauts ................. away in the space because of the absence of gravity.a) swim b) float c) flow d) fly

34. He ……………... his first steps to be a doctor.a) did b) made c) took d) carried

35. Astronauts wear special clothes which ………them from extreme temperatures. a) prevent b) protest c) produce d) protect36. When will the plane to Paris take ........ ?

a) in b) up c) over d) off37. The police are looking for.............................. to arrest him.

a) answer b) evidence c) witness d) solutions38. When we go to Alexandria, we set...... in the early morning.

a) up b) off c) on d) down39. Their noise gets on my .............................

a) ears b) nerves c) muscles d) senses

40. I'm sick ............................. his bad behaviour.a) by b) with c) of d) on

41. Astronauts have to practise doing everyday things ............... gravity.a) with b) without c) by d) in

42. We should cope .......................... the rapid progress in technology.a) at b) on c) with d) by

43. Children usually rely ........................ their parents.

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a) at b) on c) with d) by44. Scientists can knock an asteroid ....... its course by setting off explosion near it.

a) off b) of c) with d) against45. You are ………….... right.

a) quite b) quiet c) quietly d) quantity46. A space shuttle can .............................. to Earth.

a) return b) leave c) recover d) go47. Asteroids ..... the sun.

a) hit b) circle c) pull d) push48. The sight is ............................ beautiful.

a) drama b) dramatic c) dramatically d) dramatist49. The shuttle ....................... a spacecraft, two rockets and a huge full tank.

a) contains b) is composed c) consists of d) encloses50. A plane needs a ………………... to land and take off.

a) street b) runway c) rocket d) road51. To become an artist you should have artistic .....................

a) talents b) spots c) sports d) hobbies52. Our...... are our grandfathers .

a) descendants b) ancestors c) successors d) children53. The lack of............................ in space makes you float.

a) water b) air c) gravity d) oxygen54. Remote .................. is used for the discovery of oil.

a) control b) logic c) magic d) sensing55. Asteroids may threaten life on .......

a) the moon b) the sun c) Earth d) stars56. The hurricane caused ……………………. on the small tropical island. a) welfare b) havoc c) honour d) prosperity57. What might be the advantages of more .................. of space? a) discovery b) invention c) exploration d) inventiveness|58. The weather... says that it will be very hot tomorrow.

a) forecast b) prediction c) expectation d) prophecy59. Mother was worried .................. her son because he was late.

a) of b) about c) on d) air60. Hardly ... when the pupils rushed out of the class.

a) the bell had rung b) had the bell rung c) has the bell rung d) the bell was rung

A( Choose the correct answer:1. I’m surprised nobody told you that the road was very dangerous. You

(must- should - needle- may) have been warned.

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2. You (mustn’t – needn’t – shouldn’t - may not) do over 90 kilometers an hour. It’s the maximum speed limit.

3. The policeman said, "You will have to pay a fine. You (wouldn’t – shouldn’t - mustn’t – can’t) have driven so fast! "

4. I’ve told you again and again, "You (mustn’t – needn’t – couldn’t – oughtn’t) be late for work.

5. I’ll give you a lift, so you (must-had to – don’t have to – mustn’t) walk to the station.

6. You (needn’t–mustn’t-have to- might) wear heavy clothes. It’s very cold outside.

7. You (must- mustn’t- needn’t- had to) stay up late if you don't like to.8. You have done this exercise wrong. You (have to – mustn’t– needn’t-

don’t have to) do it again.9. You (mustn’t– needn’t - must– shouldn’t) smoke here. This is a "No

Smoking”10. We have plenty of time. We (mustn’t – needn’t - must - had to) drive

fast.11. She has a lot of money, so she (may - might - must – mustn’t) be rich.12. Don’t say such things! Somebody (must - had to – ought to- might)

hear you .13. The alarm clock is ringing. It (may - must – mustn’t – might) be time

to get up.14. The train is soon to arrive. You (had to - must - might – can’t) hurry

up.15. He lost his book. He (had to - must - may – might) buy a new one.16. He refused to eat anything. He (must be - must have been – can’t be –

can’t have been) very ill. 17. We(can -must-would-might)be going to Sharm El-Shiek this summer

but we aren’t sure 18. Will you taste this milk? It(will - may - can- could) have gone off.19. Everything in this room is wet from the rain, I (must – mustn’t - would

- should) have shut the windows. 20. I am taking an umbrella, it (must – may - has to - should) rain.21. She (mustn’t – can’t – shouldn’t – needn’t) be only 30, she looks

much older.22. (Shall - Do - Would - Must) I open the door for you.

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23. You (may not - might not - must not will not) come in unless you wipe your feet, I’m still washing the floor.

24. There (must - might - will –would) be some cheese in the fridge, It’s possible.

25. You have been sleeping all day. You (must be - might be – can’t be - have to be) tired.

B) Rewrite the following sentences:1. You mustn’t park here. (allow)

2. It’s necessary for us to take a taxi to get on time. (must)

3. I advise you to work-hard to succeed.

(should)

4. There a chance (hat the police will catch the thief if he tries to escape. (The thief

might)

5. Perhaps he will arrive tomorrow. (might)

6. It is possible that the child broke the window. (may)

7. They were late. Perhaps they missed the 9 o’clock train. (might)

8. Perhaps he was ill yesterday.

(may)

9. Why did you come late? (should

have)

10. You shouldn’t waste your time.

(advise)

11. I didn’t know the time of the meeting and you didn’t tell me. (should

have)

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12. Why didn’t you tell me the fact? (ought

to)

13. I’d like you to post this letter for me. (will)

14. I’m sure it wasn’t Mr. Wahid who phoned me. (can’t)

15. It isn't possible that he caught the bus.

(couldn’t)

16. We needn’t go shopping. (have)

17. Do you want to help me? (would)

18. It isn’t necessary for you to read the book. (don’t)

19. If I were you, I would give him what he wanted.

(should)

UNIT 16From Papyrus to C-D Rom

paper - making الورق صناعة break down - يفتت يكسرreed - بوص قصبه pulp منها يصنع عجينه

الورقpapyrus نبات- ورق

البرديchips قطع ، رقائق

صغيرهCD ( Rom ) مضغوط قرص bleach - يجعله يبيض

أبيضcompact disc مضغوط قرص fibres / fibers أليافdefeat - هزيمة يهزم drain off يجفف

47

cross - يتقاطع يشبك squeeze يعصرsoak in الماء فى ينقع tightly بإحكام ، بشدهstick – stuck / to يلصق-

يلتصقcompress يكبس ، يضغط

hammer - يطرق يدق recycling للمرة الشيء تصنيعالثانية

polish يلمع- يصقل encyclopaedia دائرة ، موسوعة

معارف

ivory سن ، العاجالفيل

set of (book) مجموعهمن) الكتب(

smooth ناعم ، ملساء multi - media أوساطمتعدده

shell قوقعه ، صدفه still ثابتrecently مؤخرا ، حديثا load يحملconquer - بلدا يفتتح

يحتلreference مرجع

linen ة- التيل الكتان grind - ground يطحنlog خشب كتلة roller دواره أسطوانه ، بكرهmill ورق- مصنع

مطحنهcertain areas معينه مناطق

tiny دقيق ، صغير sort - نوعيصنفMr: Wahid trim = prune يشذب ، يقلم

)الورق(wrap _ يغلف يلف cylinder اسطوانةtwist يلوى lay - laying - يبيض يضع

48

signature ) ورق ملزمةصفحه(16

glue ، بالغراء يلصقصمغ

fold يثنى ، يطوى craftsmen الحرفيونingredients ) لصناعة مقادير

الشيء(press يضغط

mix يخلط container إناء ، وعاءroll _ يتدحرج يلف gradually تدريجياoven الفرن discolouration اللون تغييرtime – consuming وقتا يستغرق

طويالmould فى شيء )لصناعة قالب

الشكل نفشcraft صناعه ، حرفه coat يغطى ، يطلى

من بطبقهpapier mache talcum power تلك بودرة

المعاد الورق من األشياء صناعةتصنيعه

tear – tore - torn يمزق

puppet لعبه ، دمية past - يلصق صمغmask الوجه قناع overlapping ، متشابك

متداخلbowl سلطانيه thoroughly تماماstart off األصل من يبدأ bark الشجرة لحاءremove يزيل chemicals كيميائية موادcontinuous - مستمر

متواصلsheet - ورقة صفحة

cut to size على يقطعالمقاس

symbols رموز

original أصلى compressor الضاغطpressure الضغط pressing need ملحة حاجة

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components جهاز مكونات strip - stripped – شريط – قطاعمن يجرد

stripe ملون خط

اآلخر ا بعد حدث تصف التى : لروابط

Then, afterwards, next

الثاني then ,next , afterwards تستخدم الحدث وبعدها

* The game ended and afterwards the crowd left the stadium.* She cleaned the flat, then she had a wash, next she went out.

Subsequently , finally

* The old school was bought and subsequently turned into a private house.* We looked for the car everywhere, but finally we called the police.

After, when, as soon as

األول- 1 الحدث يتحول المستقبل فى حدثين وجد بعد) إذا الذيفى , األداة ( الثاني والحدث تام مضارع أو بسيط مضارع إلى

المستقبل .1-I’ll finish my work, and then I’ll phone you. After / when / As soon as I (finish / have finished) my work, I’ll phone you.

CONJUNCTIONS

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األول- 2 الحدث فإن الماضي فى متتابعين حدثين وجد إذابسيط . ماضي هو كما يبقى أو تام ماضي إلى يتحول

2-First I had a meal then I took the medicine. After / When / As soon as I (had / had had) a meal, I took the medicine.

يأتي أن يمكن .after ( v + ing )أوAfter having a meal, I took the medicine.

ت * التي فى ) ( ص الروابط يحدثون أكثر أو فعلين حدثين فالوقت . نفس

*At this stage المرحلة هذه فى*As this happens هذا يحدث بينما*Simultaneously ,واحد وقت فى معا*at the same time الوقت نفس فى

* Beat the eggs together and at this stage add the sugar.* Ahmed and Hany went to live in Cairo at the same time.* The milk will boil. As this happens turn the gas right down.* The two goals were taken simultaneously from different camera angles.

Thisربط * كأدوات تستخدم ضمائر

جملة thisتشير* أو كلمة إلى* The ancient Egyptians used papyrus for writing and drawing.* This was made from reeds. * The car is new and cheap. This-means that I can buy it.

تشير األول this الحظ المثال فى واحدة كلمة وإلى – إلىالثاني . المثال فى جملة

These

كلمة ) من أكثر الجمع إلى أشياء ( –تشير عدة

Pronouns as linking Devices

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* Paper is usually made from pin trees. These grow quite quickly.* They bought a desk, a chair and a fan. These will be put in his room.

No sooner ... than; Hardly ... when; scarcely ... whenفهى العادية المناسبات فى التعبيرات هذه تستخدم ال

بسرعة ويحدث متوقع غير أو عادى غير حدثا لتصف تستخدمعادى حدث . بعد

* He had no sooner come home than they rang him up from the office.* The plane had hardly / scarcely taken off when it returned to the airport.* No sooner had he come home than they rang him up from the office.

استخدام يجب فإنه عادى غير حدث هناك يكون ال as soon وعندماas , after , when

* As soon as he bought the bicycle, he began to learn how to ride it.

1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:1. In the ...... of land bordering the Mediterranean sea, a lot of sun resorts have been set up.

a) sheet b) strip c) plate d) brick.2. He ................ the stamp on the envelope before sending the letter by post.

a) sticks b) detaches c) joins d) combines3- After he had ...................... his shoes, they looked shiny.

a) faded b) dimmed c) fainted d) polished4- Wheat is ...................... into flour which is used to make bread.

a) caught b) ground c) gripped d) handled 5- He applied paint with a ...................... for even coverage.

a) ruler b) ring c) circle d) roller6- The edge of the lake is fringed مهدب with ....................... which have grown wildly.

a) reeds b) logs c) trunks d) products7. The child ...... bread in milk and then eats it.

a) soaks b) dries c) dehydrates d) moistens8. He uses chemicals to ...... the cloth and make it white.

a) dye b) bleach c) colour d) darken9. This painting is just a copy; the ...... one painted by the artist is in the museum.

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a) original b) artificial c) initiative d) similar10. My belt is ...... holding my trousers; I need to let it out a bit.

a) loosely b) widely c) largely d) tightly11. When the volcano erupted, the ...... gases rushed out as an explosion.

a) loose b) compressed c) expanded d) widened12. The old newspapers and books were ...... to be used again.

a) cycled b) circled c) recycled d) rounded13. An encyclopaedia is ......... book that we don't normally read right through.

a) an indication b) an evidence c) a reference d) a comment14. It is a ...... event as it includes music, songs, dance and video shows.

a) mass media b) multimedia c) medium d) medieval15. It was raining heavily and my clothes were completely ………..... as I had forgotten my umbrella.

a) soaked b) dried c) evaporated d) moistened16. Papyrus is made by laying ...... of reeds side by side .

a) chips b) strips c) stripes d) logs17. The carpenter ...... the nail into the wood .

a) beat b) hammered c) kicked d) knocked18. Papyrus is finally ...... with ivory .or a smooth shell.

a) darkened b) diminished c) dimmed d) polished19. Paper starts ...................... as logs cut from forests .

a) on b) up c) in d) off

20. The paper ....................... in Alexandria produces a big amount of paper .a) mill b) miller c) mile d) milestone

21. Logs are ...................... between heavy rollers.a) sorted b) ground c) broken down d) cut

22.The two friends walked ..................... along the road .a) side by side b) side for side c) side at side d) side with side

23. The wool is ........................ into the machine to get woolen cloth .a) given b) posted c) fed d) held

24. Trees are ...... down to make paper .a) cut b) removed c) pasted d) trimmed

25. To make the cake you have at first to mix up the .......a) parts b) divisions c) ingredients d) portions

26. The mould is coated .............................. powder .a) in b) at c) of d) with

27. You load the disk in the ………………….... of the computer .a) drive b) mouse c) dashboard d) keyboard

28. Most countries are trading ………………...... China for its cheap products .a) of b) with c) in d) on

29. The complete ...... of the encyclopaedia was bought by the professor.a) series b) file c) circle d) pile

30. The encyclopaedia takes ...... quite a lot of space .

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a) in b) on c) up d) off31. Papyrus is ...................... in water to make the reeds stick together .

a) soaked b) produced c) melted d) dissolved32. If you ............ something, you use a chemical to make it white or pale in colour.

a) produce b) manufacture c) mix d) bleach33. The ....................... of using and reusing waste paper is called recycling .

a) process b) direction c) performance d) management34. You have to follow these ………………... if you want to repair TV .

a) rules b) orders c) laws d) instructions35. I have only a 20 pound note. I've no small...................... at all.

a) currency b) piaster c) changes d) change36. She ................................. the present.

a) wrapped b) unfolded c) circled d) turned37. She ....................... the letter in half and put it in an envelope .

a) wrote b) folded c) spread d) typed38. I have my hair ………………... every three weeks .

a) trimmed b) planted c) grown d) rooted out39- Before making a cake, mother mixed the ................... needed .

a) compounds b) elements c) ingredients d) components

40. When paper comes out of the machine, it is cut to ……………......a) number b) weight c) size d) colour

41. The father is usually the ............................ .a) breadwinner b) bread maker c) breadline d) breadboard

42. The woodman .................... down trees to get wood .a) chaps b) stripes c) cuts d) removes

43. It was ....................... of him to disobey his boss's instructions .a) rash b) mild c) reasonable d) sensible

44. Dinosaurs ranged from small................... gigantic ones .a) up b) to c) for d) on

45. He ................... the two pieces of cardboard together.a) glued b) separated c) divided d) cut

46. Bread is baked in .........................a) a stove b) an oven c) a furnace d) a cooker

47. He disguised himself by wearing a ......a) massage b) masque c) mask d) mast

48...... powder is put on the skin to be smooth and dry .a) Talcum b) Talent c) Cold d) soft

49. As the glass was .............. we could see what was happening inside the room.a) dim b) clear c) blank d) opaque

50. The price ...... postage charges .a) consists b) composes c) includes d) holds

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A( Choose the correct answer:2- (In spite of- Due to - Because of- But for) his intelligence, he couldn’t solve the

Problem.3- (However- Although - Despite - Because of) strong he is, he can’t lift the

box.4- He never plays tennis (So do I - So am I -Neither do I -Neither am I).5- I’ll go to the doctor (for - so that - so as to - despite) a check-up.6- (In spite - Despite - Although - However) his hard efforts, he couldn’t score any

medal.7- I’m going to attend the match (even though - however - unless – provided

that) it is going to.8- I’m going to attend the match (even though - however - unless -peptide that)

it is going to.9- You won’t win a gold medal (if- unless - in order to – so that) you train very

hard.10- (Because- However - Unless - Even though) he was a beginner, he won the gold

medal.11- He didn’t expect to win; (so-because-if-as) he was delighted when he got

the gold medal.12- She had a babysitter (so as to - so that - in order to - to) she could go out in

the evening.13- (However - Although - Despite - But) there were guards everywhere, the

prisoner managed to escape.14- He got a prize (due to- because –as - since) his hard work.15- Hot (as - although - however- but) it was, the children went on playing

football in the street16- We decided to go out for a meal (however - even though - despite - in spite

of) we were dead tired.17- The team won that match (besides- but- in addition to- as well) they got the

cup.18- (Because of- Unless –So – As) you are an amateur, you can’t take part in the

Olympic Games. 19- He behaves decently and manly, (even though - although - so - because) he

is respected by all. 20- She traveled abroad (so that - so as to - in order that - because) complete

her medical studies.21- I visited the museum (so that - because - in order to - so as to) I could tell

my friends about it.22- We stayed at home (although-because-due to-in order to) the cold weather.23- (Despite -Because - So that - Although) he was young, he wasn’t allowed to

smoke.

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24- Magdy took a loan from the bank (in order to - so that - because - so) start a new business.

25- We visited Hazem yesterday (so that - in order that - so as to - because) Congratulate him on his success.

26- I wrote down your telephone number (therefore - unless - due to - consequently) I could remember it.

27- Our team made great effort, (because - although - so - so that) they won the match. 28- (In addition - As well -Besides - Also) cleaning the house, she did the

shopping.29- (Besides - Not only - In addition - As well as) did he get full mark, he was

chosen as the ideal student as well.30- He is going to leave now (as long as - provided - unless -without) you want him to

stay.31- He will forgive you (unless - provided that - so that - despite) you apologize to him.32- I’ll go to the cinema (due to - without - as long as - so that) you come with

me.33- I’ll only let you drive the car (unless -so-if- without) you’re your driving

license.34- He made every effort to find the book he wanted himself; (when – at this

stage - simultaneously - finally) he asked the librarian for help.35- He finished his breakfast; (as soon as - afterwards – after – before) he left

the house and went to his office.36- The children were playing hide-and-seek (at the time - subsequently - finally

- afterwards) their parents were watching them.37- I had a cup of tea. (When - Afterwards – Simultaneously - As this happens) I

went to my class and explained the new lesson.38- I read the chapter four times, (This - These – those - Then) made me

understand the author’s theory.39- I did not understand what he was saying. ( When - As soon as -

subsequently - simultaneously) I asked him to repeat the directions.40- There are broken chairs, old tables and a broken bed in the flat. (This - That

- These - Those) must be thrown away.41- He didn’t answer the test well. (These- that - Then - This) caused him to fail.

B( Rewrite using the words in buyers to give the same meaning : 1- Although he made fatal mistake, we all forgave him. (whatever/

despite)2- Despite his old age, he still works in the field. (although / however)3- He got up early so that he couldn’t miss the train. (because / so as to)4- You can’t drive a car without having a driving test. (provided / unless)5- In case of phoning him, please tell him the news. (as long as)6- I’ll go on journey to Luxor if I have enough money. (Unless)7- He finished his work and helped his friend. (Besides / Not only)

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8- The thief robbed the bank and killed the guard. (Not only / as well as)

9- He has got a car and so have I . (as well as)10- She cooked the meal and did all the washing up. (In addition to)11- However clever he is, he got low marks. (despite / as /

though)12- The company had great losses, then it went into liquidation.

(subsequently)13- When the final whistle went, the score was two all. (finally)14- I felt dizzy then I found myself lying on the ground. (after)15- I was preparing the vegetables. At the same time my wife was preparing

the meat. (simultaneously)16- I am asked to answer test two. Answering test two takes three hours at least.

(this)17- I can’t think about more than one thing simultaneously. (the

same)18- We took cards, videos and chess. We put them in our case. (these)19- I haven’t got time to go on holiday. I haven’t got the money, either. (neither) 20- We can leave today, or we can leave tomorrow. (either)

UNIT 17Festivals Around the World

ancestor ، أعلى جدسلف

honour ) يحتفل يكرم( بذكرى

celebrate يحتفل procession موكبdebt دين sculpture حجر من تمثال

صلصالharvest الحصاد موسم superstition خرافه

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victory day النصر عيد revolution day الثورة عيدindependence day عيد

االستقاللcommemorate بذكرى يحتفل

festival مهرجان ، عيد thanksgiving day الشكر عيدharvesting الحصاد settler مستوطنSapporo فى مدينه

اليابانtownspeople المدينة سكان

snow جليد prayer صالهsphinx الهول أبو turkey الرومي الديكtiming توقيت the Muslim calendar التقويم

الهجريnew years day السنة رأس عيد dawn الفجرbang يضرب ، يقرع

بشدهsunset الشمس غروب

drum طبله pilgrimage الحجfireworks ناريه أعمال sacrifice ذبيحه ، أضحيهfrighten يرعب ، يخيف Easter القيامه عيدevil spirit شريره روح Jesus المسيح ، يسوعsweeping الكنس gathering اجتماع ، تجمعpunish يعاقب open air الهواء ، الخالء

الطلقdusting التراب تنفيض survival قيد على البقاء

الحياهlandmarks بارزه معالم serve food الطعام يقدمmedieval times العصور

الوسطىparade ، عرض

استعراضdivide into الى يقسم costumes خاصة أزياء

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district حى ، منطقهمدينه فى

wave بـ يلوح

rivalry ، منافسهتنافس

bareback غير فرس ظهر علىمسرج

dispute نزاع saddle صهوة ، سرجالفرس

lot قرعه rider less horse بدون حصانفارس

jockey خيل فارس ، الجوكىالسباق

features معالم ، مالمح

horse race الخيل سباق

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اختالف- 1 أى دون أسماء تستخدم األفعال بعضمثل

act – book – copy – help – drink – wash – vote call – climb – cost –

النطق- 2 تعديل مع أسماء تستخدم األفعال بعضالمقطع على والضغط

: مثل األخير

تستخدم بعض-3 األفعالالهجاء أسماء فى تعديل مع

مثل

1 -My father advised me to study. My father gave me advice to study.

2 -We believe in peace strongly. We have a strong believe in peace.

3 -Our teacher asked us to describe the party. Our teacher asked us to give a description of the party.

1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:1. The 23rd revolution is the most important ........ in the twentieth century in Egypt.

a) accident b) event c) incident d) action2. The Tower is an outstanding ......... in Cairo.

a) vision b) shape c) appearance d) landmark

–منزل يسكن

house

شكل -يشكل

shape

يمنح -منحة

gift

–يقدم هدية

present

–يهجر صحراء

desert

–يتنافس منافسة

contest

adviseadviceينصح –نصيحة practise practiceيمارس –ممارسة

beliefbelieveإيمان –يؤمن

Verbs & Nouns

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3.......... have a good chance to enjoy all means of entertainment.a) Townspeople b) Villagers c) Country people d) Peasants

4. The funeral......... made its way down the hill to the cemetery.a) queue b) caravan c) row d) procession

5. They went on a ........ to Mecca and El-Madina.a) worship b) pilgrimage c) prayer d) magic

6. He ......... the furniture with a piece of cloth; so it looked brighta) dusted b) washed c) swept d) stained

7. On El- Adha feast, people slaughter sheep as a ......... to God.a) gift b) present c) sacrifice d) favour

8. The report has been done ........ , so there are no mistakes in it.a) thoroughly b) carelessly c) indifferently d) negligently

9.......... were set off in the sky on the occasion of the Independence Day.a) Marks b) Screens c) Curtains d) Fireworks

10. We are proud of our Ancient Egyptian ...................... whose civilization is still considered a great wonder.a) ancestors b) descendants c) heirs d) generations

11. Ramadan is an important......... that is celebrated by Moslems.a) year b) feast c) season d) party

12. A bronze ......... of Venus is set up in the middle of the park.a) art b) mould c) sculpture d) photo

13. There is an old ......... that killing a spider brings bad luck.a) superstition b) recognition c) culture d) civilization

14. In Egypt, we ......... the 23rd July revolution with a public holiday.a) shout b) tempt c) ignore d) commemorate

15. Farmers need extra help when they collect thea) plants b)cultivation c) fanning d)harvest

16. New year's ......... is the last day of the previous year.a) day b) week c) dawn d) eve

17. It is no easy matter to settle the Palestinian Israeli........a) discussion b) dispute c) agreement d) consent

18. Sham El-Nessem ......... the beginning of spring .a) signs b) labels c) traces d) marks

19. The ......... age extends from AD 1100-1500.a) Modem b) Medieval c) Stone d) Prehistoric

20. At festivals many people give ......... charity to the poor.a) up b) out c) on d) off

21. The pupils......... a trick on their teacher during the school day party.a) did b) played c) worked d) manufactured

22. There are some superstitions that are ......... to festivals.a) joined b) separated c) stuck d) connected

23. If you sweep on New Year's Day , good luck will be swept

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a) in b) an c) up d) away24. Sham El-Nessem is usually celebrated in the ......... .

a) flat b) open air c) interior d) studio25. Foreign countries are ......... by their ambassadors in our country.

a) presented b) offered c) given d) represented26. A bareback race is carried out without......... .

a) saddles b) seats c) stems d) sticks27. Ramadan takes place in the ninth month of the Muslim

a) Year b) Season c) Calendar d) Hijra28......... the years , man looked at the heavenly bodies with fear.

a) In b) On c) Out d) Over

29. They let............................ fireworks on the Victory Day .a) in b) on c) off d) up

30. Some people ......................... drums to drive evil spirits away.a) bang b) split c) hit d) strike

31. Some people believe that number 13 is unlucky; this is a ..................a) legend b) mystery c) superstition d) puzzle

32. The Chinese bang........... on New Year's day to frighten evil spirits.a) trumpets b) drums c) flutes d) pianos

33. In Egypt, Victory Day ............... soldiers who died in battle.a) commemorates b) remembers c) memorize d) reminds

34. They agreed to try to ............. their disputes and unite to face the new challenges.a) cause b) increase c) widen d) settle

35. I went to a good restaurant where all kinds of fish are ...............a) introduced b) produced c) done d) served

36. All the plane passengers were killed in the plane crash except two children who……….a) rescued b) survived c) saved d) lived

37. The black cat ........................... the children.a) afraid b) frightened c) fright d) frightening

38. My wife ............... sweeping and dusting .a) made b) did c) had d) worked

31. Ramadan takes place in the ninth month of the Muslim ...............a) time b) timetable c) timing d) calendar

40. Sacrifices are ............... during the pilgrimage to Makka.a) made b) done c) grown d) operated

41. The Thanksgiving Day in USA dates ............... to the English settlers who came to America in 1620.

a) back b) off c) out d) up42. The Thanksgiving Day is celebrated with meals ............... turkeys.

a) consisting b) composing c) including d) making43. The Aid El-Fitr celebrates ........... event.

a) a national b) an international c) a religious d) a universal44. Over the years man looked with ............... at heavenly bodies.

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a) happiness b) awe c) pleasure d) merriment45. Sham El-Neseem is a festival for family ...............

a) collection b) gathering c) accumulation d) bundle46. We ............... presents to our friends on their birthdays.

a) offer b) take c) get d) hold47. The farmer works from ............... to sunset without feeling tired.

a) dawn b) down c) noon d) evening48. The Pyramids are ............... landmark in Giza.

a) a trivial b) an outstanding c) a miserable d) a retched

1. I'd like to advise you about going abroad, (advice) 2. He warned me about the side effects of this medicine, (warning)

3. Ahmed was able to finish answering the test in an hour. (answer)

4. They searched for the lost boy took a long time. (search)

5. We arrived in time because traffic wasn't heavy, (arrival)

6. The cheese on the table tastes fine. (taste)

7. Describe your journey to Luxor, please, (description)

8. Daniel shelves the project because he hasn't got enough money (shelf).

9. We strongly believe he is a thief. ( belief )

10. Shady practised a lot to get the best result. (practice)

63

UNIT 18 Job Hunting

temporary مؤقت personnel manager شئون مديرأفراد

require يتطلب pharmaceuticals أدويه منتجاتinvolve يتضمن package tour جماعية رحلهopportunity فرصه cater for يمد ، يزودpublic الجمهور urgently عاجله بطريقهcabin crew طاقم

) طائره،سفينة)

act as بدور يقوم

application وظيفة طلب supervisor مشرفqualified مؤهل activities أنشطهcandidate المتقدم

وظيفة لشغلpermanent دائم

minimum األدنى الحد position وظيفةpersonality شخصيه vacation أجازه ، عطلهpervious experience خبره

سابقهdetailed مفصل

fluent in فصيح ، طليق form استمارةessential for ، أساسي

ضروريsoftware الكمبيوتر برامج

64

forward يرسل customer عميلrepresentative ، مندوب

ممثلenquiry استفسار

multi_ national متعددالجنسيات

complaint شكوىال

Bsc سبكالوريوالعلوم

ensure يضمن ، يكفل

smart أنيق satisfaction قناعه ، رضاappearance مظهر applicant بطلب المتقدم

للوظيفةhave command متمكن manner طريقه ، أسلوبpackage tour تشمل رحلة

اإلقامةwell-organized جدا منظم

والوجبات والتنقل energetic نشيطpatient صبور ، مثابر ambitious طموح

hard-working صبور ، مجد reliable موثوق عليه، يعتمدفيه

efficient كفؤ honest أمينtake a seat بالجلوس تفضل grateful شاكرmilitary service الخدمة

العسكريةtry my hardest فى ما أبذل

وسعىappointment لقاء ، موعد stuntman الدوبليرvia بواسطة file ملفcourier الساعي delete يحذف

WBanalyze يحلل pharmacy صيدليه

65

sales figures المبيعات أرقامpackage بريدي طرد replacement تبديلpunch يضرب – يلكم

بونيةweight وزن

kick يركل ، يرفس stand in for عن ينوبstuntman ، الدوبلير

البديل الممثلwig باروكة

stuntwoman الدوبليره shot فيلم - فى لقطهسينمائى

height طول edit into أو يدخلإلى يضم

stunt خطير عملومثير

risk ، مخاطرهمجازفة

qualify يؤهل qualifications مؤهالت

Adding Emphasis

ناقص فعل أو ظرف بإضافة الجملة تأكيد أن يمكن * .A( Adverbs:

1-very

66

- He is very happy, (very + adj )- He is a very happy man. (a very + adj + n)- He went very quickly, (very + adv.)

2- Not very :النقد لتخفيف بةمؤد كطريقة تستخدم * .

*His answer was not very good.ب* المنتهية الظروف من – lyوتستخدم قوة veryبدال إلضافة

مثل : الجملة إلى تأكيد و أكبر3- Really - Extremely - Terribly - Awfullyالتصريف* أو الظروف أو الصفة مع الظروف هذه وتستخدم

من بدال الجملة veryالثالث إلى تأكيد أو أكبر قوة .إلضافة*It’s awfully cold in here. صفة *He drives terribly fast. ظرف*It is locally made. ثالث تصريف

4- very much /so much للغاية*Thank you very much. *Thank you so much. (very formal جدا ( رسمية

5- Such a / such an*He is such a brave man. *It is such an interesting story.

B( Auxiliary:للجملة التأكيد إلضافة المساعدة األفعال تستخدم ** .

* I do love classic music. للتوكيد الفعل قبل verb to do * نضع * Why didn't you tell me? I told you تأكيد بدون

I did tell you. للتأكيد

C( Changing sentences to add emphasis:* Mona is excellent at cooking.

It’s Mona that is excellent at cooking.*I’m worried about your health not the cost.

It’s your health I’m worried about, not the cost.*She is very patient. That makes her a good customer service officer.

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The thing that makes her a good customer service officer is that she is patient.What makes her a good customer service officer is that she is very patient.

مالحظة : إليها** يضاف ال صفات نفسها (ly)-توجد مثل : adverbsفهى

( hard – fast -late )

1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:1. The ......... tour to Sharm El-Sheikh includes accommodation and three meals in a five-star hotel.

a) bunch b) packet c) package d) pocket2. This arrangement is ......... for the present circumstances; it may last two or three weeks at most.

a) permanent b) preserved c) lasting d) temporary3. He asked for ......... form to fill in and send it with his CV to the company.

a) an application b) a request c) an inquiry d) a demand4. He is the......... of the foreign company in Egypt. He works as its agent.

a) operator b) actor c) representative d) performer5. Owing to the great losses of the company, expenses have been reduced to a ..........

a) maximum b) minimum c) summit d) top6. Most....... who applied for the job haven't got the right qualifications.

a) candidates b) agents c) sitters d)subjects7. The letters should be ..................... to the company before the end of this month.

a) lent b) granted c) received d) forwarded8. This company is ................... as it has branches in many countries.

a) multimedia b) multinational c) multiple d) multitude9. We finally made a decision that was to everyone's ............ everyone was pleased with it.

a) satisfaction b) discontent c) disappointment d) tension10. He is so ................ that he is looking forward to becoming the director of the company.

a) contented b) hopeless c) ambitious d) desperate11. Our database of addresses is ............. so as to have the latest right addresses.

a) contracted b) lessened c) updated d) decreased12. The.................. number of those who were killed in the accident was ten.

a) total b) addition c) section d) partition13. I wrote a letter of................... to the manager about the bad treatment and negligence in the hotel.

a) approval b) satisfaction c) gratitude d) complaint14. We need a hotel that....................... for small children.

a) neglects b) caters c) overlooks d) ignores

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15. the Arab League is .................... in Cairo.a) stated b) put c) based d) continued

16. That......... employee works only during the summer vacation.a) permanent b) temporary c) constant d) lasting

17. David was chosen because of his excellent................... of English.a) control b) management c) command d) order

18. This travel agent arranges a wonderful....................... tour in Europe.a) package b) parcel c) bundle d) packet

19. He was chosen for the job because of his................... appearance.a) genius b) smart c) hard d) untidy

20. The ………………. letter usually explains and gives more information about what is set.a) covered b) covering c) closed d) enclosed

21.They need a hotel that.................... for Chinese tourists.a) looks b) caters c) disregards d) neglects

22. A stuntman ........ in for the real actor when something dangerous has to be done.a) stands b) stays c) performs d) makes

23 The manager is responsible......... production.a) in b) at c) of d) for

24. He went in search......... the hidden treasure .a) for b) of c) at d) on

25. He asked for the application......... to apply for the job.a) certificate b) licence c) form d) document

26. The applicant completed his military ........................ .a) servant b) employment c) labour d) service

27 When I entered, the manager asked me to ..................... a seat.a) give b) obtain c) take d) get

28. A tour guide should ensure total tourist.................. .a) content b) satisfaction c) ears d) disappointment

29. The ......................... manager is responsible for the affairs of the employees.a) person b) personal c) personnel d) personified

30. One of his good qualities is his being ..................... .a) selfish b) angry c) careless d) sociable

31. People who have been well-trained for a job are called ......a) amateurs b) performers c) officials d) professionals

32. He has the personal..... that makes him suitable for the job.a) qualities b) equality c) equivalence d) equipment

33. Getting injured is one of the ..... you have to take if you want to be a stuntman.a) problems b) risks c) things d) bones

34. A stuntman stands ..... for an actor when something dangerous must be donea) up b) out c) down d) in

35. You can trust him . He is .... person.a) an ambitious b) a social c) an active d) a reliable

36. The company received thousands of job .......

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a) completion b) applications c) complication d) appliances37. The ...... for the job must have previous experience in selling.

a) employers b) candidates c) employees d) workers38. He is requested to ..... his CV and a covering letter to get the job .

a) move b) forward c) go d) get39. The .... of the plane consists of the pilot and the assistants .

a) band b) gang c) crew d) group40. I………………..... travelling abroad,

a) think b) believe c) consider d) look41. Capital is .... for setting up a business.

a) trivial b) essential c) unimportant d) wasteful42. El-Baz is one of the ........ scientists in the world.

a) leading b) minor c) limited d) unknown43. She disguised herself by wearing a ................ and dark glasses.

a) wig b) bonnet c) cloak d) mantle عباية44. Medical supplies are .....needed for our hospitals.

a) slowly b) uselessly c) inconveniently d) urgently45. ....... service is compulsory for our youth.

a) Religious b) Social c) Military d) Economic46. We ..... ahead for a bright future.

a) see b) observe c) look d) scan47. All..... are to be interviewed by the manager.

a) applications b) applicants c) appliances d) appointments48. He fell down when he was ...... in the stomach.

a) punched b) directed c) indicated d) attended49. Children are not to be .... to that film.

a) witnessed b) admitted c) entered d) joined50. The lawyer advised his .... to tell the truth.

a) customer b) shopper c) client d) purchaser

2. Re-write the following sentences using the word)s (in brackets togive the same meaning.1. Adel got the best mark in English. (It's)

2. He is a very cruel man. (such)

3. I don't mind the disorder of questions. What matters is the serious mistakes. ( It is

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4. She is a successful teacher. She treats the pupils kindly. (What makes)

5. He always gets bad marks. His English is full of mistakes. (The thing that)

6. The fear he felt was great, (terribly)

7. I really like playing chess, (do)

UNIT 19Lifelong Learning

retire يتقاعد self-employed لحسابه يعملالخاص

employee موظف short-term األجل قصيرemployer العمل صاحب department قسمpromote وظيفة الى يرقى

أعلىfinance المالية

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contract عقد sales مبيعاتenroll in / on فى أسمه يسجل in turn تباعا ، بدورهacquire يحصل ، يكتسب

علىbased in ) Cairo ( مقرها

القاهرةremain يبقى ، يظل communicate يتصلemployable للوظيفة صالح materials موادindividual فرد video conferencing

promotion ترقيه بالصوت باآلخرين االتصال نظاموالصورة

accountancy المحاسبة comfort راحةteenage المراهقة سن admit فى يقبلهcatch up with بـ يلحق ، يساير undergraduate لم طالب

يتخرجواmasters degree درجة

الماجستيرcourse برنامج

distance learning عن التعليمبعد

available متاح ، متوفر

throughout أرجاء كل فى keep up with - يواكب يسايرbrowse فى ) كتبا يتصفح

( مكتبهMs = master of science

campus الجامعة حرم العلوم ماجستيرrun a course برنامج تدير regional إقليميglobal city عالميه مدينه download على البرنامج يحمل

الكمبيوترahead عن متقدما colleague زميلenthusiastic متحمس pursue ، يواصل

يستكملinspire يحث ، يدفع grow up يكبر

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Idioms

to be no laughing matter هزار مش – جد موضوعto be over the moon السعادة من طايرaround the clock الساعة مدار علىput your feet up – قدميه رافعا ينام – يستريح

الدنيا يتركlive and learn يتعلم و يعيشlearn from womb to tomb اللحد إلى المهد من التعليمturn over a new leaf حياته يغير – جديدة صفحة يبدأput / get your skates on الزالجات يلبس – يسرعto be like a bear with a sore head شديد بغضب يشعرget / keep in touch with إتصال على يبقى – يتصل

1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1. He looks for a..... job in the evening as he is occupied all the morning.a) full-time b) part-time c) half-time d) whole time

2. He is ......... accountant having his own work to do in his office.a) a self-employed b) an employee c) a worker d) an employer

3. He has got a ......... loan; so he has to repay it in three months.a) permanent b) steady c) short-term d) long-term

4. In Egypt employees ......... at the age of sixty.a) resign b) retire c) surrender d) withdraw

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5. I have......... in the music class. I'd like to practise playing the piano.a) written b) listed c) enrolled d) admitted

6. They signed a three-year......... with the internet company.a) engagement b) inquiry c) contract d) contact

7-He is a ......... friend. We have been intimate friends all our lives.a) lifelong b) temporary c) changeful d) temperate

8-He is an accountant and works in the accounts ..........a) part b) department c) division d) portion

9-The English department in the faculty has an ......... drama in the Elizabethan age.a) ongoing b) oncoming c) on getting d) on acting

10. Information ......... uses electronic equipment for storing and analyzing information.

a) technician b) technology c) technique d) technical11. Doctors are asked to provide around the ......... service.

a) hour b) timekeeper c) clock d) watch12. There is a serious problem facing us; it is no ......... matter.

a) laughing b) weeping c) crying d) smiling13. The girls are over the ......... as they have won a lottery of one million pounds.

a) sun b) star c) moon d) planet14. He got in ......... with his family to tell them about his marriage.

a) touch b) feeling c) sensation d) operation15. I am informed that I can use the internet with my small mobile; we live and..........

a) educate b) teach c) learn d) study16.1 was working hard for a very long time, so I put my........ up on bed.

a) feet b) hands c) fingers d) tips17. Surgeons are working ......... the clock to save the injured man.

a) curved b) straight c) around d) inside18. I'll......... in touch with my family towards the end of this week.

a) take b) get c) receive d) fetch19. You have to think carefully before saying such nonsense. It's no laughing..........

a) business b) affair c) topic d) matter20. He ......... good mastery of English during his stay in England .

a) required b) acquired c) inquired d) subscribed21. If you need any help , get in ......... and I'll come at once .

a) sense b) grasp c) relation d) touch22. .......... learning is when teacher and student are not in the same place .

a) Distant b) Distance c) Remote d) Close23. You have to improve your skills in order to get......... .

a) promotion b) decline c) retreat d) backwards24. An ambitious man looks ......... to learn skills for jobs he may do in the future.

a) back b) head c) ahead d) opposite25. He is self- employed as he ......... his own business .

a) drives b) walks c) jumps d) runs

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26. He has a ........ time job for two hours every evening .a) full b) complete c) part d) absolute

27. He is ......... an evening course in accountancy.a) doing b) making c) manufacturing d) processing

28. The minister communicates ..... directors through video-conferencing.a) of b) with c) an d) to

29.He ......... on M .Sc course in the Faculty of Science .a) attended b) applied c) submitted d) enrolled

30. Courses in the open university do not require any previous educational......... .a) qualifications b) qualities c) graduates d) pictures

31. She was ......... to the university although she had got the secondary certificate twenty years ago.

a) allowed b) included c) admitted d) let32. She ......... Egyptian nationality after she had got married to an Egyptian.

a) required b) enquired c) acquainted d) acquired33. The minister held a meeting with the directors in all governorates through the

video ..........a) contacting b) conferencing c) confronting d) Conversing

34. A lot of young people join training schemes to be more ..........a) employed b) employment c) employable d) employer

35.1 have been looking......... to what I will be doing in five years' time.a) head b) ahead c) first d) top

36. Now that holidays are ......... , we have to resume our work with great activity.a) up b) on c) over d) out

37.......... learning is the hope for all those that could not complete their studies.a) District b) Distance c) Disturbance d) Distress

38. He had missed a term because of illness, so he now works hard to catch up ......... his colleagues.

a) to b) an c) in d) with39. He is responsible for imports in the......... department.

a) account b) accountant c) accounting d) accountancy40.......... like pop music as younger generations admire it.

a) Older people b) Old hands c) Elders d) Teen-agers41. The new university library was built in the centre of the ........

a) campus b) compass c) camp d) camper42. He has got a good .... of English .

a) order b) demand c) command d) recommendation43. Professors communicate with students using ... of the art teaching materials.

a) country b) town c) city d) state44. Despite his mistakes, he promised to turn over a new ..........

a) leaf b) page c) paper d) sheet45-When he got his degree, he thought he could put up his .... and relax.

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a) feet b) head c) hands d) shoulders

46-The training course has made him better .... his job.a) with b) on c) in d) at

47. The minister held a meeting with the governors through the ..... conferencing.a) video b) film c) television d) projector

48. We have to .... the technological development in the world.a) keep with b) keep up c) keep up with d) keep up to

49.He is an ..... person.a) educated b) education c) educator d) educationally

50. He couldn't travel abroad because his passport was .......a) valid b) invalid c) finished d) over

51. He hopes to get his master's ..... from Oxford University.a) certificate b) degree c) qualification d) grade

52. In many parts of the world people.... most of their shopping on the internet.a) take b) invent c) make d) do

53.1 hope she will get in ..... when she goes back to her country.a) touch b) connect c) contact d) communication

54........ learning means learning that goes for life.a) Distance b) Self c) Short-term d) Lifelong

55. Thanks to information technology, the world has become a .... village.a) global b) local c) national d) regional

56. The company ..... courses for its employees.a) provides b) does c) performs d) makes

57. Cairo university .... training courses in information technology.a) runs b) moves c) makes d) does

58. Our new company needs highly ... staff.a) quality b) qualify c) qualified d) qualification

59. People need to .... new knowledge and skills throughout their lives.a) inquire b) acquire c) instruct d) educate

60-Osama wants to .... up with the latest technology in surgery.a) go b) move c) catch d) match

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The Mask of Gold Inside the tomb

Chapter 6 VOCABULARY المفردات

Mr Wahid )31( clearly بوضوحcurious متشوق a sitting

position وضع

الجلوسcave كهف dull كئيبwear يرتدى bright المعhelmet خوذة gasp يشهقlamp لمبة skull جمجمةlit up - يشعل يضيء crack شرخlittle by little

فشيئا شيئا whisper يهمس

center مركز disturb يزعجmissing مفقود ray شعاعpossibilities إمكانيات latest أحدثproof دليل beam شعاعofficial حكومي موظف start يبدأgold mask ذهبي قناع take a close look

at

نظرة يلقىقرب عن

rucksack ظهر حقيبة bowl سلطانيةdial قرص يدير

التليفونprecious ثمين

bend ينحني tiring متعب

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press يضغط trowel مسطرينswitch مفتاح inspection تفتيشhumming sound

طنين صوت not to be at ease

مستريح غيرمع

brush فرشة expression تعبيرa break فسحة main أساسيmid day اليوم منتصف definite محدد

slightly open قليال مفتوح kneel يركعentrance مدخل guess يخمنshrug the shoulder

تهزالكتف

recognize على يتعرف

coincidence مصادفة creep يزحفget used to على يعتاد shiny المعsuppose يفترض rush بندفعfitter أكثر يالءم tiny جدا صغيرstuffy تهوية بدون tail ذيلllama الالما حيوان congratulat

eيهنأ

invent يخترع insist on على يصرwheel - إطار عجلة photo صورةpause فى وقفة

الكالمattach مع يرفق

likely محتمل image صورةabsolutely تماما digital رقميcall بشخص يتصل careless مهمل

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somebody ماyawn يتثاءب wonder – يتساءل

يتعجبstep outside للخارج خطوة definitely بالتأكيدhemisphere الكرة نصف

األرضيةstretch arms زراعيه يمد

1- Dr Hafez, Leila, Amalia and Ramon went into the tomb.2- They climbed down the ladder in the dark.

1 – They found a human skeleton.2- Some bones were missing . 3- It was of a man in a sitting position.4- The skull was broken .

1 - Dr Hafez thought that the man might have been killed.2- Leila thought that the man might not have been killed but the skull could have been broken by falling rocks .

1- They found apiece of cloth .2- It was beside the bones.

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3- Dr Hafez put the laser machine over it to date it. 4- The machine showed 1400 on its dial.

1- It was a modern technique of dating old things Made of wood and cloth .2-It was developed by the department of archaeology in Cairo3- It was the latest technology 4- The Incas put bowls of food and water in the tombs with the dead.

1- Leila asked Amalia about the man who was sitting with her at the cafe.2- Amalia told he was Martin Lander who was interested in archaeology and working

for the United Mining.

When Leila went back to her office she wrote an e-mail to Samira describing the work in the tomb

2- She described how they had found some human bones and how Dr Hafez used the new technique of dating a piece of cloth using laser dating.3- Leila was looking forward to discovering a mask of gold because the tomb belonged to an Inca king.4- Leila also told her sister about a gold figure of a llama which she had discovered.

1- Dr Hafez took a photo of Leila holding the gold figure of the llama.2- Leila attached it to her e-mail to her sister.

1- Leila did not go with Dr Hafez and the others to Quenco and stayed alone to send the e-mail to Samira .

2- After sending the e-mail she walked over to the tomb alone.3- The door was half opened and there was a light inside.3- She was surprised to see someone there .

1- How did they climb down the cave ? ☻☻ They climbed down the cave by using a ladder.2- What was Leila wearing on her head ? ☻☻Leila was wearing a helmet on her head .3- How did they find the human skeleton ? ☻☻They found the human skeleton in a sitting position ,some bones were

missing and some were covered with earth. The skull was broken.4- What did Dr Hafez think of the dead man ? . ☻☻Dr Hafez thought that the man might have been killed.

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5- What did Leila think of the dead man ? ☻☻Leila thought that the skull might have been broken by falling rocks,6- What conclusion did Dr Hafez and Leila come to ? ☻☻ They did not decided which possibility was correct.7- Why was it hard work inside the tomb ? ☻☻ Because it was cool and dry and they were bent over most of the time.8- How did Dr Hafez date the piece of cloth ? ☻☻ Dr Hafez dated the piece of cloth by using the laser machine. He put the

machine over it and switched it on. The machine showed him 1400 on the dial.9- What did Leila discover first ? ☻☻Leila discovered first a gold figure of a llama.10-What did the discovery of the gold llama make more likely ? ☻☻ The discovery of the gold llama meant that it was the tomb of Somebody

important. Perhaps one of the nobles. 11-What did they need to discover to be sure that the tomb was of a king ? ☻☻They needed to discover a gold mask to be sure that the tomb was of a king.12-What kind of camera did Dr Hafez use ? ☻☻ Dr Hafez used a digital camera.

13-What did Leila attach to the e-mail to Samira ? ☻☻Leila attached a photo of herself holding the gold figure of a llama.14-Where did Leila go after she had sent the e-mail to Samira ? ☻☻Leila went to the tomb after she had sent the e-mail to Samira .15-How did Leila feel after writing the e-mail ? ☻☻Leila felt sorry and bored after sending the e-mail to Samira.16-Who did Leila see in the cave ? ☻☻ Leila saw a man kneeling on the floor in the cave and she guessed that it was Martin Lander.

1- How did they go into the tomb?☻☻They climbed down the ladder to the floor.2- What did they find in the tomb?☻☻They found the bones of a man in a sitting position.3. What was the cause of the crack in the skull according to Dr Hafez?☻☻Dr Hafez believed the man might have been killed.4. What was Leila's comment on Dr Hafez's opinion?☻☻She commented that rocks might have fallen on it.5. When could they say the tomb was that of a king?☻☻They could say so when they found a gold mask. 6. What was the machine Leila brought from Egypt?☻☻It was the laser-dating machine.

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7. When did they use the machine? What result did they come to?☻☻They used it when they found small pieces of cloth. They dated back tothe middle of the Inca period.8. What did the Incas bury with an important person?☻☻They buried precious things.9. What work did they do in order to be able to find such things?☻☻They cleaned away the earth from the bones and cleaned the stonesand bricks with brushes.10. Why was the work in the tomb tiring?☻☻They were bent over the earth all day.11. Why did Leila's back hurt?☻☻She worked hard bending over the earth for most of the day.12. How did Amalia look when she came to speak to Leila?☻☻She looked worried.13. Why did they need to find something definite soon?☻☻They wanted to make sure it was a royal tomb.14. What did Amalia say about Martin Lander?☻☻She said she had known him for years. He worked for United Mining.15. What important thing did Leila discover?☻☻She discovered a gold llama.16. Describe the gold figure which Leila found.☻☻She found a gold figure of a llama with a square head and a thick tail.17. What was Leila doing when she found it?☻☻She was packing away her tools.18. What did the Incas use llama for?☻☻They used llamas for carrying loads.19. What did they need to find in order to be definite it was a royal tomb?☻☻They needed to find a gold mask.20. How long was that figure of llama lying in the tomb?☻☻It was there for more than five hundred years. ;' )21. What photo did Dr Hafez insist on taking9☻☻He insisted on taking a photo of Leila holding the gold llama.22. What did Leila attach to the e-mail she sent to her sister?☻☻She attached the digital image.23. Where did Dr Hafez decide to have dinner for all of them?☻☻He decided to have dinner at the best restaurant in Quenco.24. Why didn't Leila go with them?☻☻She decided to send her sister an e-mail.25. What did Leila notice about the door when she went to the tomb?☻☻It was not completely closed.26. Why was Leila's curiosity greater than her nervousness?☻☻She wanted to find out who was inside the tomb.27. What did she see when she looked down into the cave?

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☻☻There was a man kneeling on the floor.

C. Read the following quotations then answer the questions:

1. "The skull was broken and there was a big crack across it"

a) Where was that skull? …………………………………………………………………….b) What were the two possibilities of that big crack across it? …………………………………………………………………….c) When would they be sure that the skull was that of a king? …………………………………………………………………….

2. "But the first thing to do is to date this cloth".

a) Why was it necessary to date that cloth? …………………………………………………………………….b) How did Dr Hafez date it? …………………………………………………………………….c) What did they find out about that cloth? …………………………………………………………………….3. 'We've only got a short time before the UNESCO inspection"

a) By whom and to whom was this statement said? …………………………………………………………………….b) Why was the UNESCO inspection important? …………………………………………………………………….c) What did they want to find during that short time ? …………………………………………………………………….

4. "Martin Lander, What a coincidence. The world is a small place".

a) By whom and to whom was this statement said? …………………………………………………………………….b) What was the coincidence the speaker referring to? …………………………………………………………………….c) What did the speaker say about Martin's …………………………………………………………………….

5. 'It is a llama. The Incas used Llamas like we used camels".

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a) What was Dr Hafez speaking about? …………………………………………………………………….b) What did the Incas use the llamas for? …………………………………………………………………….c) What was the importance of finding that thing? , …………………………………………………………………….

6. "The others all congratulated me too. I took the little llama in my hands".

a) Why, did they all congratulate Leila? …………………………………………………………………….b) Describe the llama she had in her hands. …………………………………………………………………….c) What was the importance of this discovery? …………………………………………………………………….7- I wondered if I should call him on my mobile phone and tell

him I would come after all".

a) Who would Leila call on her mobile? Why? …………………………………………………………………….b) What made her not go with them? …………………………………………………………………….c) What did she decide to do in the end? …………………………………………………………………….

8. "I crept up to the entrance and opened it a bit further. I looked

down into the cave".a) How should the entrance have been? …………………………………………………………………….h) What did Leila see when she looked down? …………………………………………………………………….c) What was the meaning of all this? …………………………………………………………………….

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The Mask of Gold Trapped

Chapter 7 VOCABULARY المفردات

Mr wahid 38 no longer يعد لمscrape يكشط realize يدركfear الخوف my heart is racing القلب يدق

بسرعةsense يحس – شعور partly جزئيا

direction اتجاه appreciate - يحترم يقدرfortunately الحظ لحسن collection مجموعةin a hurry مسرعا artefact أثرية تحفةhiding place االختباء مكان rare نادرshaking with fear من يرتعد

الخوفvaluable قيم

waste يبذر – يضيع surrounded by بـ محاط

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in the company of صحبة فى attack يهجمskeleton عظمى هيكل scream يصرخcloser and closer وأقرب أقرب endless نهاية بالshaken مرعوب wake up يستيقظresponsible translate مسئول يترجمbe shocked مصدوم false مزيفnormal عادى passport

immigration department قسمالهجرة

for certain بالتأكيد

contacts اتصاالت safe خزنةmetal معدن nightmare كابوس

1- Leila climbed down the ladder into the cave.2- Her curiosity made her forget her fear.3- She hid behind a rock.4- He was brushing the earth away from something.5- The man saw her and she was face to face with him.6- Leila realised that she committed a mistake, instead of callin for help she climbed down the ladder.7- Climbing up wouldn't be so easy and quiet.

1- He told Leila he was not a thief. He considered himself more of a collector.2- He told Leila that he appreciated fine things and was happy to add them to his collections. 3- He told Leila he was sorry he did not find a gold mask.4- He said he was sure there was a gold mask in the tomb.5- He told Leila she had disturbed his work so he punished her.6- He to left Leila in the tomb and pulled the ladder up.

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1- Leila was trapped into the cave.2- She did not try to follow him. No one would hear her, They were in Quenco.3- She heared the engine of the car starting and went away.3- She was in complete darkness. 4- Leila fell asleep because she was very tired

1- Leila saw a skeleton dressed in a king's clothes coming towards her2- The skeleton was carried on a litier by four soldiers.3 - There were some other skeletons behind the First.4- Leila was surrounded by skeletons.5- The soldiers raised their swords to attack Leila.6- Leila woke up screaming, she couldn't sleep again.

1- Leila was saved when Dr Hafez and the others came.2- They opened the wooden door to the cave.3- They put the ladder down.4- Dr Hafcz and Rarmon climbed down into The cave.5- Dr Hafez wondered how did Martin know about the tomb so quickly.6- Ramon said , he might heard about it in Quenco, people there knew about the excavation5- They took Leila to a hut and got her a hot drink.6- She had a cup of coffee and rested for a while.

1- The Police told Dr Hafez that Lander might already be out of the country. 2- It might be too late for the Immigration Department at the airport to catch him3-- Lander had a false name and a false passport. 5- It would not be easy to catch him.

1- Dr Hafez told Leila about his meeting with Amaiia2- She told him that Lander helped her to find her first job in archaeology.3-She told Dr Hafez that Lander knew her father4- Amalia did not talk to Lander about her work.

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5- There was something she didn't want to talk about.

1- Raman helped Leila to take a mask of gold she had discovered.2- It was tike the face of the sun. It w'as wonderful and rare.3- it meant that the tomb was of a king.4- Pablo put the gold mask in the safe.

1- The safe was opened and the mask was stolen.2- The police came to investigate the matter.

1- Why was Leila angry when she went to the tomb at night? ☻☻ Leila was angry when she went to the tomb at night because there was

someone in die tomb at night.2- How did Leila climb down into the cave ? ☻☻ Leila climbed down a ladder into the cave3- Where did Leila hide ? ☻☻ Leila hid behind a rock..4- Who was the man in the tomb ? ☻☻ He was Martin Lander. 5- Why did Lander get into the tomb? ☻☻ Because he was a thief and he appreciated fine things and wanted to add them to his collections .6- What did he hope to find in the tomb ? ☻☻ He hoped to find a gold mask.7- What did Marfin do to make Leila not follow him ? ☻☻ To make Leila not follow him Martin pulled the ladder up and he closed the wooden door.8- What did Leila tell Martin in the cave ? ☻☻ Leila rold Martin in the cave that he was stealing and everything they found there should go to a museum so that people could see it.9- What terrible dream did Lci!a have ? ☻☻ She saw in her dream that she was surrounded by skeletons of dead kings and soldiers raising their swords to attack her.

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10- What did Dr Hafez wonder? ☻☻ Dr Hafez wondered how Martin Lander could find the tomb. 11- Why did Leila think she was responsible for Martin's visit to the tomb? ☻☻ Leila thought she was responsible for Martin's visit to the tomb because she told Martin some information about the excavation when they met on the plane . 12- How was it easy for them to understand the policemen ? ☻☻ It was easy for them to understand the policemen because Ramon translated

what they said.13- Mention two reasons why it was difficult to catch Martin ? ☻☻It was difficult to catch Martin because .he had a false name and he had a false passport.14- What did Amalia tell Dr Hafez about Martin ? ☻☻ She told him that Martin helped her to get her first job in archaeology and he

knew her father.15- Did AmaHa tell Martin any information about her work?☻☻ No, Amalia did not tell Martin any information about her work .16- Who did Leila suspect? ☻☻ Leila suspected Amalia but Dr Hafez did not suspect her .17- What was strange about Amalia ? ☻☻ It was strange that she seemed unhappy about something.18-What important thing did Leila discover ? ☻☻ Leila discovered a gold mask of a king .19- What was the mask like ? ☻☻ The mask was like the face of the sun.20- Who did they show the mask of gold ? ☻☻They showed the mask of gold to Pablo.21-Where did Pablo put the gold mask?Why? ☻☻ Pablo put the gold mask in the safe because they didn't want another visit

from Mr Lander22- What happened to the mask of gold ? ☻☻The mask of gold was stolen .

1. What was Lander doing in the cave?

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☻☻He was scraping the earth away from something on the floor.2. Why did Leila have to hide?☻☻She did not want the man to see her.3. Where did Lander point his flashlight? Why?☻☻He pointed it in different directions because he sensed he was not alone.4. Why did Leila start to move out of her hiding-place?☻☻She wanted to see what he was doing.5. Show that Leila was brave when she faced Lander.☻☻She accused Lander of stealing what other people had found.6. What did Lander call himself?☻☻He called himself a collector who appreciated fine things.7. How was Martin able to imprison Leila?☻☻When he climbed up, he pulled the ladder up and closed the door.8. What suffering did Leila have during her imprisonment in the tomb?☻☻She was in complete darkness and had a nightmare.9. What happened the next morning?☻☻Dr Hafez came and saved Leila.10. Whom did Leila suspect had told Lander about their work?☻☻. She suspected Amalia.11. What did Dr Hafez Say about Leila's suspicions?☻☻Dr Hafez believed Amalia couldn't have told Lander about their work.12. Where did the police think Lander might be?☻☻They thought Lander might have left the country.13. What was the relation between Amalia and Lander?☻☻Martin knew her father. She was unhappy about something she would not like to talk about.14. What did Amalia assert concerning Lander?☻☻She said nothing about their work to him.15. What was Leila's great discovery? Why was it important?☻☻She discovered the mask of gold. It meant the tomb was royal.16. Describe the mask of gold.☻☻It was a king's mask and was like the face of the sun.17. What did Pablo say about keeping the mask of gold?☻☻He said he would keep it in the safe.18. Why were there police the next morning?

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☻☻The gold mask disappeared.

. Read the following quotations then answer the questions:

1. " So you are not a mining engineer…….".2005

a) Who said these words, to whom and where? ………………………………………………………..b) What was the second person accused of? ………………………………………………………..c) How did the man defend himself against this accusations? ………………………………………………………..2. " You are partly right. I was a mining engineer. But I became

moreinterested in other things".

a) Why did Martin say Leila was partly right? ………………………………………………………..b) How did Leila know he was not a mining engineer? ………………………………………………………..c) What were the other things he became more interested in? ………………………………………………………..

3. "Miss El-Assaby, You have disturbed my work, but no matter. I

must go now".a) How did Miss El-Assaby disturb "Martin's work? ………………………………………………………..b) What was the work Martin was doing? ………………………………………………………..c) How did Martin punish her? ………………………………………………………..4. "Oh, Dr Hafez, I'm so glad you are here. And I told him what

hadhappened".

a) Why was Leila glad to see Dr Hafez? ………………………………………………………..

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b) What had happened to Leila? ………………………………………………………..c) What question did Dr Hafez ask himself about what had happened? ………………………………………………………..

5. "It couldn't be Amalia. She wouldn't do something like that".a) What made Dr Hafez say so? ………………………………………………………..b) What did Dr Hafez decide to do concerning Amalia? ………………………………………………………..c) What was the result of what he did? ………………………………………………………..

6. "They think that Lander may be out of the country".a) Why did the police think so? ………………………………………………………..b) Why wouldn't it be easy to catch Lander? ………………………………………………………..c) What was Lander's ambition? ………………………………………………………..

7. "It's a king's mask. It's like the face of the sun".a) Who discovered that mask? ………………………………………………………..b) Why was that discovery important? ………………………………………………………..c) Where was the mask kept and what happened the second day? ………………………………………………………..

The Mask of Gold The Safe is empty

Chapter 8 VOCABULARY المفردات

Mr Wahid )44( goat ماعزexamine يفحص suspicion الشكlock بالمفتاح يغلق be shocked مصدوم

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powder – بودرةمسحوق

rabbit أرنب

chief policeman الشرطة رئيس special خاصfingerprints األيدي بصمات ghost شبح

to be blamed على يالم cell زنزانةtheft السرقة bars قضبانexperience موقف – خبرة forgive يسامحtreat يعامل fault خطأrespect احترام credit اعتراف

بالفضلburst into tears فى تنفجر

البكاءby chance بالصدفة

stupid غبي dial a number رقم يطلبjealous غيور mist ضبابcommunications اتصاالت steep cliff صخري منحدر

شاهقlandslide أرضى انهيار island جزيرةconditions - ظروف

أحوالsheep أغنام

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1- They put a special kind of powder on the safe. 2- They took the fingerprints on it. 3- The metal door was open and had not been broken.

1- Dr Hafez said the thiefprobably got into the hut through the open window. 2- The safe was opened by its key. 3- Leila asked if pablo had been questioned about that.

1- Pablo went to Quenco to have a meeting with the UNESCO People. 2- The police took everyone's fingerprints. 3- They wanted to see whose fingerprints were on. the safe.

1- The police searched everyone's things. 2- The police found a little gold rabbit among Leila's work clothes.3- Dr Hafez suspected someone who wanted to put Leila in trouble.

1- Leila was taken to the police station and put in a police cell- she burst into tears. 2- Leila was very shocked and upset.3- Leila told the police she did not steal it and had never seen it before . 4- They treated Leila with respect. 5- Amalia confessed that she put the rabbit among Leila's clothes.6- She did that out of jealousy to put her in trouble, Leila got all the credit.7- Amalia asked Leila to forgive her.

1- Leila was set free. They decided to go to Acomayo to catch Martin.2- Martin told Amalia in Quenco that there was a new archeological site there.3 - Amalia drove the car to Acomayo. 2- It would take them five hours if there were no land slides.

3- Amalia called Dr Hafez on her mobile.

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4- Amalia told Dr Hafez that she and Leila were on their way to Acomayo to catch Martin Lander .

1- The road was narrow. 2- They were travelling through clouds . 3- When it rained/rocks fell down onto the road .4- It was like being in a plane because they were above clouds. 5- Every now and then agoat crossed the street like a ghost.

1- What was the special powder for ? ☻☻ It was for taking the fingerprints on the safe to see whose fingerprints were on the safe .2- How did the thief get into the hut ? ☻☻The thief got into the hut through the open window.3 - Whv did Pablo go to Ouenco ? ☻☻ Pabio went to Quenco because he had a meeting with the UNESCO people.4 - How did the police try to make their investigations ? ☻☻The police tried to make their investigations by using special kind of powder asking the people on the site, searching their things and taking their

fingerprints to see whose fingerprints were on the safe. 5- Why was Dr Hafez's face white and his eyes looked strange? ☻☻Because the police chief wanted to talk to Leila because they had found a little goid rabbit among her things.6- Whv did the police chief want to talk to Leila ? ☻☻- Because they had found a little gold rabbit among her work clothes.7- What did the police find among Leila's work clothes? ☻☻ The police found a little gold rabbit among Leila's work clothes.8- What did Leila tell the police ?☻☻ Leila told the police that she was not a thief and she had never seen the that gold rabbit before.9- Who did Dr Hafez suspect to put the little gold rabbit among Leila'swork clothes? ☻☻ Dr Hafez suspected someone who disliked Leila and wanted her to be

blamed for the theft of the gold Mask.

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10 - What was Leila unpleasant experience ? ☻☻Leila's unpleasant experience was finding a little gold rabbit among her work clothes and being put into a prison cell.11-Who was also put into the police cell?Why? ☻☻ Amalia was also put into the prison cell, to confess her fault to Leila..12- Why did Amalia apologise to Leila? ☻☻Amalia apologised to Leila because it was her fault that Leila was in the

prison cell and was arrested for theft because Amalia had put a little gold rabbit among her work clothes.

13- What did Amalia do to get Leila into trouble ? ☻☻To get Leila into trouble Amalia put a little gold rabbit among Leila's work

clothes. 14- Why was Amalia angry ? ☻☻Amalia was angry because Dr Hafez had chosen Leila to be in charge of the team and Leila got all the credit after discovering the gold mask. 15- Why was Amaiia jealous ? ☻☻Amalia was jealous because L.eila discovered the gold mask, and would get all the credit, and her name would be famous as it would be in new papers and on TV.16- What secret did Amalia keep ? ☻☻Amalia kept ihe discovery of the little gold rabbit secret.17- What did Amalia explain to the police ? ☻☻ Amalia explained to the police that she had put the Little gold rabbit among

Leila's work clothes to put her in trouble.18- What did Lander tell Amalia when they were in Quenco? ☻☻Lander told Amalia that he was keen to go to Acomayo.19- Why did Amalia and Leila set off for Acomayo ? ☻☻ Amalia and Leila set off for Acornayo to catch Martin Lander there .20- Why was the road to Acomayo dangerous ? ☻☻The road to Acomayo was dangerous because it was narrow and as they climbed higher the weafher turned bad, and they had to travel above the clouds.21- Was the safe found broken ? ☻☻No, the safe was not found broken.22- What did Amaiia tell Dr Hafez on her mobile ?

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☻☻ Amalia told Dr Hafez on her mobile that she and Leila were on their way to Acomayo to catch Martin Lander.

1- What did the police find about the safe? ☻☻ Its door was opened by its key, the lock hadn't been broken2- Where was Pablo that day? ☻☻ He was in Quenco to meet the UNISCO people3. What were the steps taken by the police concerning the theft? ☻☻The police took the fingerprints of all people. They also searched everyone's things. 4-Why was Leila accused of theft? ☻☻The police found a gold rabbit in her work clothes.5. Where was Leila imprisoned? ☻☻She was imprisoned in a police cell. 6. Why did Amalia go to Leila in her cell? ☻☻She asked to forgive her because Amalia had put the gold rabbit among Leila' s clothes.7. How was Leila set free? . ☻☻When Amalia told the police what she had done, Leila was set free.8. Why did Amalia keep her finding the gold rabbit a secret? ☻☻She wanted to get Leila into trouble by putting it in her clothes.9. Where did Amalia put the gold rabbit? Why? ☻☻She put it among Leila's work clothes out of jealousy.10. Where was Martin Lander at the time? Why? ☻☻He went to Acomayo as there was another excavation there.11. How is communication in Peru? Why? ☻☻It was a problem because the roads were bad. It would take days ifthe weather was bad.12. Why did Amalia and Leila decide to go to Acomayo? ☻☻There might be time to catch-Martin Lander.13. How did Amalia inform Dr Hafez about their journey? ☻☻She telephoned him.14. Why was their journey by car to Acomayo dangerous?

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☻☻The cliffs were steep and the road was narrow. They were climbing higher into the mountains.☻☻☻☻☻☻It was out of jealousy that Amalia ………………………………2005

C) Read the following quotations and answer the questions:

1) "The UNESCO people will not be happy when they hear about this."

a- What said this to whom? ………………………………………………………………………….b- What had news wouldn't the UNESCO people be happy to hear? ………………………………………………………………………….c- What did this indicate? ………………………………………………………………………….

2) "The police chief wants to talk to you come to my office."

a- Who was speaking to whom? ………………………………………………………………………….b- Why did the police chief want to talk to her? ………………………………………………………………………….c- Who put the figure in her clothes? ………………………………………………………………………….

3) "I didn't steal that. I've never seen it before!"a- Who said this words to whom? ………………………………………………………………………….b- What was she accused of? ………………………………………………………………………….c- How was she punished? ………………………………………………………………………….

4) "You're free to go. I've got a car outside."

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a-Who said this to whom? ………………………………………………………………………….b- Why was she set free? ………………………………………………………………………….c- Where were they? ………………………………………………………………………….

5) " I'm very shocked and upset. The police have not found the gold

mask but they found this among your work clothes."a- Who said this to whom? ………………………………………………………………………….b- What did the police find in her work clothes? ………………………………………………………………………….c- Did she really steal it? How do you know that? ………………………………………………………………………….

6) "But how could anyone get the key ? Have you spoken to Pablo ? "

a- Who Said this to whom ? ………………………………………………………………………….b- How could the thief enter the tomb ? ………………………………………………………………………….c- What did he steal ? ………………………………………………………………………….7) "I didn't steal it. How could this possibly be happening to me?"a- Who was the speaker ? ………………………………………………………………………….d- W hat was the thing that he or she denied stealing ? ………………………………………………………………………….c- How was she set free? ………………………………………………………………………….

8)"But I have an idea where Martin Lander may be. And the two may he connected."

a- Who said these words to whom ? ………………………………………………………………………….b- Where was Martin Lander ? ………………………………………………………………………….c- Why did he go there ? ………………………………………………………………………….

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9) "There is another excavation taking place there. You probably didn't know that."

a- Who said this to whom ?………………………………………………………………………….b- Where was the other excavation ?………………………………………………………………………….c- What did the speaker mean………………………………………………………………………….

The Mask of Gold A matter of life and death

Chapter 9 VOCABULARY المفردات

Mr wahid 38

concentration تركيز first aid أوليه إسعافاتroll يتدحرج splint من جبيرة

الخشبedge حافة comfortable مريح ، مرتاح

crashing noise ارتطام صوت extremely difficult جدا صعبa cut - قطع جرح blanket بطانيةupside down toughness مقلوبه احتمال قوةledge صخور سلسلة train يتدربmoments لحظات bear يتحملpersuade يحث ، يقنع arrest على يقبضput up some money ببعض يشترك

المالduty واجب

silver mine فضه منجم promise يوعدcrash / ارتطام

اصطدامinjured مصاب

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quenchua set off اإلنكا أهل لغة فى يشرعالرحيل

pale rough شاحب خشنterrible / مخيف مفزع bitter المذاق مرamazed مندهش soles بيرو عملةleave الشجر أوراق public telephone تليفون

عموميchew يمضغ medicines أدويهurgently بسرعة ambulance إسعاف سيارةhelicopter هليكوبتر طائره space مكانby mistake الخطأ طريق عن expensive الثمن غالsupport أعانه offer / يقدم يعرض

come to an end ينتهي set a trap فخ ينصبpay for لـ ثمن يدفع

1- Leila and Amalia had an accident.2- The car rolled over and went down. 3- Leila was injured, she had a cut in her face and pains in her leg4- Amalia was seriously injured, she couldn't move, she broke her leg.

1- Leila had trained in first aid. 2- She made a splint for Amalia. 3- She covered her with a blanket and put one under her to keep her warm. 4- She looked for the mobile but she found it broken.5- Leila was upset and told Amalia she would and look for help.

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1 - Amalia told Leila that she was not working with Martin lender. 2- Martin Lander persuaded her father to put up some money for a new project. 3- The project was false and Martin stole the money and Amalia's family became

very poor. 4- Amalia met Martin in Quenco by chance, he was waiting someone, she talked

with him about what he did to her father. 5- Amalia hoped Martin would be arrested. 6- Leila promised to arrest him for her sake.

1 - Leila went on the road leading to Acomayo until she reached a village.2- A man and two women carried Amaiia on a litter to their house.3- The people gave Amalia some hot drink and some leaves to chew.4- Leila noticed a pattern of rocks that looked like the rocks in the site.

1- Amalia was in pain and Leila couldn't sleep.2- In the morning she rode the bus to get a doctor from Acomayo. 3- She tried to phone Dr Hafez but the line was bad and disconnected.4- Leila read the signs until she found medico, It seems like medicine.5- The woman doctor came in her car quickly.6-- The doctor saw it was a serious case and ordered a helicopter to carry Amalia to Cuzco.7-- The doctor, her assistant and Leila flew with Amalia to Cuzco.4- Amalia stayed at the hospital in Cuzco.

1- When Leila reached Acomayo to get a doctor she called Dr Hafez and told him she was in Acomayo but the line disconnected.2- Dr Hafez and Ramon arrived in Cuzco the next day.3- Dr Hafez told Leila that he was suspicious of Pablo 4- He followed Pablo in Quenco.5- Pablo told Dr Hafez that he had left the key in the hut by mistake.

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6 Someone must have climbed through the open window and opened thesafe with the keys.

1- He told Pablo that he trusted him .2- He told Pablo if the gold mask was lost or stolen the project might come to an end.3- He told Pablo that the police had caught Martin Lander

1- Pablo told Dr Hafez that his life was hard.2- He was paid little money .3-- He had a sick child who needed expensive medicine.4- He had worked with Martin Lander before.5-- Lander had offered Pablo a lot of money for the gold mask.7- Pablo told Dr Hafez that Martin had to meet him that night at 8 o'clock in Cuzco.

1- Leila suggested setting a trap.2- They let Pablo meet Lander.3- They had to follow Lander and catch him,4- There was no time to call the police.

1- Why did the accident happen ? ☻☻The accident happened because the road was dangerous and the weather was

very bad ,the car rolled over the edge.2.- Why was it extremely difficult to get Amalia out of the car?☻☻It was extremely difficult to gel Amalia out of the car because she was in great

pain and her leg was broken.3-Show how Leila forgave Amalia? ☻☻It was clear that Leila forgave Amalia because Leila told Amalia she was so

sorry she had thought badly other.4- How did the people of the village help Amalia ?☻☻The people of the village helped Amalia by carrying her to their house in the

village and giving her some hot drink and some leave to chew .5- How did Leila get from the village to Acomayo ?

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☻☻By bus.6- What did the doctor do to save Amalia ?☻☻ To save Amalia the doctor ordered a helicopter to carry Amalia to the the

hospital in Cuzco.7- Why was it a difficult phone call from Leila to Dr Hafez ?☻☻ Because there were several cuts off and the line was very bad.8- How did the woman doctor save Amalia's life ?☻☻The woman doctor saw it was a serious case and a matter of life and death so

she ordered a helicopter to carry Amalia to Cuzco.9- What do you know about health care in Peru ? ☻☻From the story I can see that health care is available and a helicopter can be

available to save one's life.10- Who arrived with Dr Hafez in Acomayo ?☻☻Ramon arrived with Dr Hafez .11- Who did Dr Hafez suspect ? ☻☻Dr Hafez suspected Pablo.12-What did Pablo tell Dr Hafez about the keys of the safe?☻☻- Pablo told Dr Hafez that he had left the keys in the safe by mistake13-What did Pablo tell Dr Hafez about his relationship with Martin ?☻☻ Pablo told Dr Hafez that he had worked with Martin Lander before and Martin

had offered him a lot of money for the gold mask.14- What did Pablo tell Dr Hafez about the mask ?☻☻ Pablo told Dr Hafez that Martin had offered him a lot of money for the gold

mask.15- What did Pablo tell Dr Hafez about his own life ? ☻☻Pablo told Dr Hafez that he had a hard life and a sick child who needed expensive medicines. 16-What did Dr Hafez tell Pablo about Martin ? ☻☻Dr Hafez told Pablo that the police had caught Martin but it was not true17- What did Dr Hafez suggest?☻☻Dr Hafez suggested calling the police.18- What was Leila's plan to catch Martin ? ☻☻Leila's plan to catch Martin was to set a trap and let Pablo meet Martin and

they would follow him and catch him.19-Why did Leila set a trap to catch Martin Lander ?

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☻☻ Leila set a trap to catch Martin for Amaiia's sake because Maartin had stolen her father's money .20- What did Leila think for calling the police ?☻☻ Leila thought that there was not time to call the police.

1. What might have caused the car accident?☻☻ She might have lost concentration or the road was broken. The car was upside

down on a ledge.2. What injury did Leila have?☻☻ She had a cut in her face and had great pain in her-legs and arms.3. What happened to Amalia?☻☻ She was unconscious for some time. She had some broken bones.4. What did Leila do to Amalia?☻☻ She got Amalia out of the car. She put her on a blanket and covered her with

another one. She made her a splint.5. What did Amalia advise Leila to do? What made her say so?☻☻ She advised to leave her and try to save herself. It might take days to find

someone to help them.6. What did Amalia tell Leila about Lander? , ☻☻ He had caused her father great harm.7. What had Lander done to Amalia's father?☻☻ He persuaded her father to put up money for a new silver mine that Martin had

found. The whole matter was false.8. Why did Amalia want to go with Leila to Acomayo?☻☻ She was angry about what he had done to her father.9.Why did Amalia want to go with Leila to Acomayo?☻☻ She wanted to go with Leila to try to catch Martin Lander.10. Why did Leila feel sorry for Amalia?☻☻ LeiLa thought badly of her.11. What language did the people of the mountains speak? '.☻☻ They spoke Quechua the language of the Incas and not Spanish.12. What did Leila do to make the man understand what she wanted?☻☻ She made signs with her hands to let him understand.

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13. What was the man carrying when he went out of the house?☻☻ He was carrying two long pieces of wood with thick cloth between them.14. What did the man and the two women do to Amalia?☻☻ They put her on the bed and carried her up the road.15. What amazed Leila about the man and the two women?☻☻ She was amazed how strong they were.16. What did they do to Amalia when she -was in their house?☻☻ They gave her a hot drink and some leaves to chew.17. Why was it hard for Leila to sleep that night?☻☻ The bed was rough and Amalia was crying in pain.18. What did they mean by the word "boose"?☻☻ They meant "bus".19. Where were the people in the bus going?☻☻ They were going to the market in Acomayo.20. What were they carrying?☻☻ They were carrying hens, chickens, boxes and parcels.21. Why couldn't Leila contact Dr Hafez?☻☻ The phone was cut off.22. What did Leila tell the young woman assistant?☻☻ She said she needed a doctor urgently. Her friend was injured in a car crash.23. How did the doctor go to Amalia?☻☻ She took her in her car to the village.24. What did the doctor do?☻☻ The doctor examined Amalia.25. Why did the doctor ask for a helicopter?☻☻ An ambulance would take a long time. It was a matter of life and death. 26. What did Pablo say about the theft9 ,☻☻ He had forgotten the keys in the hut and the thief entered through the open window.27. Why did Dr Hafez falsely ten Pablo that Lander had been caught?☻☻ He believed Pablo's story was not true.28. What did Pablo really do ? Why did he do so?☻☻ He helped Lander to steal the mask of gold because he needed money to buy

expensive medicines for his sick son.29- What did Dr Hafez suggest concerning catching Lander?☻☻ He suggested to call the police, he thought it was dangerous.

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30- What plan did they agree to carry to catch Lander?☻☻ They set a trap, Pablo would meet him as agreed, they would follow him and

catch Martin.☻☻☻☻☻☻Pablo had such a hard life that………………………….2005

C) Read the following quotations and answer the questions:

1) "We've had an accident. We must get help."a- Who had had an accident? ……………………………………………………………..b- What were they suffering from? ……………………………………………………………..c- How did Leila manage to get help? ……………………………………………………………..

2) "Leave me here. Try to get help, but it may be too late."a- Who Said this to whom? ……………………………………………………………..b- What happened to them? ……………………………………………………………..c- Why did she mean by "It may be late." ……………………………………………………………..

3) "When I learned that the police had arrested you, I realized I had

done wrong. I realized what my duty was."

a- Who said this to whim? ……………………………………………………………..b- What was the wrong she had done? ……………………………………………………………..c- What was the duty should she have done? ……………………………………………………………..

4) "( promised, I'll do everything I can to catch that man."a- What is the man the speaker promised to catch? ……………………………………………………………..b- What had he done? ……………………………………………………………..c- How would they catch him? ……………………………………………………………..

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5) "A helicopter is coming to get your friend."a- Who said this to whom? ……………………………………………………………..b- Where would a helicopter take her? ……………………………………………………………..c- Why did the speaker call a helicopter? ……………………………………………………………..

6) "When you saw me in Quenco talking to him , you probably thought

I was working with him"

a- By whom and to whom was this statement said ? ……………………………………………………………..b- Who was the speaker talking about ? ……………………………………………………………..c- When and where did the speaker say it ? ……………………………………………………………..

7) "I need a doctor urgently . My friend was in a car crash."a- Who was speaking to whom ? ……………………………………………………………..

b- Why did the speaker need a doctor? ……………………………………………………………..c- How did the doctor help her friend.? ……………………………………………………………..

8)" I've found some help . These people will help us."a- Who said this to Whom ? ……………………………………………………………..b- Who were those people ? ……………………………………………………………..c- What did they do to help them ? ……………………………………………………………..

9) "That sounds too dangerous, Leila , let's call the police."a- Who was the speaker ? ……………………………………………………………..b- What was the thing that sounded dangerous ? ……………………………………………………………..

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c- What was the plan they carried out ? ……………………………………………………………..

10) "She picked up her coat and, in a few minutes, we were in her car

on the road to the village."

a- Who said this to whom ? ……………………………………………………………..b- Why were they going to the village ? ……………………………………………………………..c- What help did The other person do ? ……………………………………………………………..

The Mask of Gold The Safe is empty

Chapter 10 VOCABULARY المفردات

Mr Wahid )44( gear السرعة ناقل) الفتيس(

head light كشاف السيارة

first gear األولى السرعه

automatic lock مركزي قفللألبواب

single-engine plane بمحرك طائرهواحد

in a flash البرق بسرعة knock out الوعى يفقد

accelerator البنزين دواسة siren السيارة سرينةexactly تماما stranger غريبmemory ذكرى skyline األفق خط

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arrivals hall الوصول صالة

I- Pablo visited Martin Lander in Cuzco .2- They followed him until he reached a small house and got into it.3. Lander came out after half an hour and drove a truck towards the airport to escape.4. Dr Hafez, Leila and Ramon followed him there. 5. Martin left the car and opened the gates.6. Leila was intelligent , in flash she jumped into the truck, closed the doors and pressed the automatic lock.7. Lander ran and jumped into a small single-engine plane.

8- Martin Landler moved the plane and stated to fly. 9 - Leila made a hard crash and the truck hit the plane. 10- Ramon who was on the side of the plane told them that Martin Lander was

unconscious. 11- The police came and caught Lander

1- Dr Hafez told Leila that she was wonderful and amazing . 2- Dr Hafez admired Leila's brave deed.

1-The police chief called Dr Hafez and informed him that they had found the gold mask and the other artifacts that Martin had stolen .

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1- Leila suggested they would visit the people of the village who has saved Amalia to thank them.2- Leila, Dr Hafez and Ramon visited them and thanked them.

1- Leila observed an Inca site in the village2-She showed it to Dr Hafez.3- Dr Hafez sent a team of work to the site. 4- The team told Dr Hafez it was really an Inca site.5- Dr Hafez planned for Amalia to lead the team at the new site when came out of

hospital.

1- Leila flew to Egypt. 2- She was excited to be at home again . 3- Samira and her parents received her at the airport.

1 - Leila became very famous because, she discovered a gold mask, she caught a dangerous thief who had stolen a gold mask and many other artifacts. 2- She also discovered a new Inca site in Peru . 3- Photographers and reporters received Leila at the airport. 4- Newspaper headlines told the readers the story of the famous Egyptian archaeologist.

1- Why did Pablo visit Martin Lander in Cuzco ? ☻☻ Pablo visited Martin Lander in Cuzco to participate in catching him.2- How did Martin Lander try to escape ? ☻☻ Martin Lander tried to escape by using a truck and a small single-engine

plane. 3- When did Leila jump into the truck ? ☻☻Leila jumped into the truck when Martin Lander was opening the gates at Cuzco airport.4- When was Martin Lander knocked out ?

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☻☻Martin Lander was knocked out when the truck hit the plane hard. 5- Why did Leila want to go back to the village ? ☻☻Leila wanted to go back to the village to thank the people of the village for

saving Amalia's life.6- Show how Leila was a good observer ? ☻☻ because she observed a new Inca site when she was in the village near

Acomayo asking for help. 7- What did Dr Hafez jock about? ☻☻Dr Hafez jocked about the similar situations when Leila first had taken him to

the cafe to show him Amalia and Martin Lander sitting together but he did not see them and secondly when Leila wanted to show him the Inca site-

8- Why did the police chief call Dr Hafez ? ☻☻The police chief called Dr Hafez to tell him that they had y] found the gold

mask and the other artifacts that Martin Lander had stolen.9- Why were there a lot of photographers at the airport ? ☻☻There were a lot of photographers at the airport to receive Leila the famous Egyptian archaeologist ho had caught a dangerous thief of artifacts and had discovered a new Inca Site- 10- Who will lead the team excavating the new site ? ☻☻ Amalia will lead the team excavating the new/ site when she came out of hospital.

1. Why were Dr Hafez, Leila and Ramon following a taxi? ☻☻They were following the taxi which Pablo was in.2. What did Martin drive when he came out? ☻☻He drove a small truck.3. Where did Martin Lander go? ☻☻He went to the airport to its ( old gate ) far side.4. Why did Ramon turn off the car headlights? ☻☻He did so in order not to let Lander see that he was followed.

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5. What did they have to do before Martin would shut the gates? ☻☻They had to act quickly.6-How was Lander going to go out of the country? ☻☻He was going to fly a single engine plane.7. How did Leila cause his plan to fail? ☻☻She got into his truck and drove hard at Lander.8. What happened to Lander when Leila hit his plane? ☻☻Lander was knocked out as his head hit against the roof of the plane.9. How was the gold mask restored? ☻☻The police found it in two days after catching Martin Lander.10. Why was it necessary to find the gold mask? ☻☻It was necessary to find it so that the project could continue.11. What did Leila show Dr Hafez on the side of the mountain?☻☻She showed him the pattern of stone blocks which looked like a chimu king's

tomb.12. How was the discovery of the Inca site confirmed?☻☻Dr Hafez sent a team which confirmed it was an Inca site.13. Who would be the leader of the team excavating the new site?☻☻Amalia would be the leader.14. How was Leila received at Cairo airport?☻☻In addition to her family, photographers were around them and people

cheering her.15. What were the headlines of the newspapers the next day about?☻☻They were about the Egyptian archaeologist who made important discoveries

in the land of the lncas, discovered a gold mask and had caught a thief of Inca treasures.

C. Read following quotations then answer the questions:1. "We have to stop him now before he gets back to the

truck and shuts the gates again". a. Why did Ramon want to stop Lander? …………………………………………………………..b. What idea came to Leila? …………………………………………………………..

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c. How did Lander want to escape? …………………………………………………………..

2. "He must have hit his head against the roof of the plane".

a. What caused Lander's head to hit against the roof? …………………………………………………………..b. What was the result of hitting his head? …………………………………………………………..c. How did this incident cause the end of his archaeological career? …………………………………………………………..

3. "I want to show you something. Let's walk along the road a little."

a- Who said this to whom? …………………………………………………………..b- What did she want to show him? …………………………………………………………..c- What did this show us about her character? …………………………………………………………..

4. "We have found the gold mask and the other stolen things."

a- What does "We" refer to? …………………………………………………………..b- Who was trying to steal these things? …………………………………………………………..c- Who helped much to find these stolen things? …………………………………………………………..

5. "Thank goodness ! Now the project can continue."a- Who was the speaker ? …………………………………………………………..b- Why could the project continue ? …………………………………………………………..c- When might it not continue ? …………………………………………………………..

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6. "Goodness me. It looks like the pattern of stone blocks in the

Chimu king's tomb."

a- Who said this to whom ? …………………………………………………………..b- What was the speaker refering to ? …………………………………………………………..c- Who discovered it ? …………………………………………………………..

Speakers & Places

No Place people1 school teacher

headmasterstudentteacher

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2 classroom teacher student3 library librarian student / reader4 restaurant waiter customer / diner5 hotel receptionist guest / tourist6 airport customes officer passenger / traveller7 taxi driver customer8 street policeman passer-by9 street tourist car driver10 police station officer reporter / citizen11 police station officer suspected12 cafe waiter customer13 hospital doctor patient14 hospital patient visitor15 clinic doctor patient16 oculist's oculist patient17 pharmacy pharmacist patient18 chemist's chemist patient / customer19 travel agency travel agent customer / traveller20 station / bus station traveller ticket clerk21 train / bus conductor traveller22 office manager secretary23 office secretary customer24 company operator customer25 company manager applicant26 laboratory student teacher27 cinema ticket clerk spectator28 cinema usher viewer29 theater booking clerk spectator30 staduim announcer spectators / fans31 post office clerk customer32 bank bank clerk customer33 T.v programme interviewer guest / interviewee34 clothes shop sales person customer35 supermarket sales person customer36 shoe shop sales person customer37 toys shop sales person customer38 book shop book seller customer

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39 grocer's grocer customer40 green grocer green grocer customer41 fruit shop fruit seller customer42 market seller buyer43 butcher's butcher buyer44 workshop / garage mechanic car owner45 workshop / service center technician customer46 tourist site guide tourist / visitor47 the Pyramids guide tourist / visitor48 citadel guide tourist / visitor49 temple guide tourist / visitor50 museum guide tourist / visitor51 plane air hostess passenger52 home parent son / daughter53 home wife husband54 home host / hostess visitor55 dentist's dentist patient56 tailor's tailor customer57 hairdresser's hairdresser customer58 laundry customer assistant59 filling station motorist assistant60 space station director astronaut61 plateau director actor / actress62 optician's optician's customer63 police station officer witness64 club / stadium coach player