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University College Cork (Ireland) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Performance KPI for Flexible Business Modelling
Karsten Menzel
University College Cork, Ireland
University College Cork (Ireland) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
The Facilities Management SectorBUSINESS MODELS
01|Oct|2014 Karsten Menzel, Sustainable Places 2014 page 2
Strategic Level
TacticalLevel
Operational Level
Process multi-site CIP Internation-alisation
Human Resources Innovation
Design ITQuality
KPI
SLA Reporting
Owner-Occupier
Asset Mgr,
HV
AC
Esc
alat
ors
Ser
vice
bund
les
Ren
ovat
ion
Anc
illar
yco
sts
Acc
ount
ing
Jani
tor
Aut
omat
ion
Ligh
ting
Sta
ff m
ove
Cat
erin
g
Cle
anin
g
Ve
rtic
al b
un
dlin
g
Modular Service
Provision
Horizontal bundling Full Service Provision
CAFM
Total F
M
(technical)
Operations
Cor
pora
teR
eal E
stat
e
ServiceProvider
Life
cycl
e
University College Cork (Ireland) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
The Facilities Management Sector AREAS FOR PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
o The 4 main pillars for performance evaluation
01|Oct|2014 Karsten Menzel, Sustainable Places 2014 page 3
University College Cork (Ireland) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
The Facilities Management Sector DIMENSIONS FOR PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
o Dimensions are used to ‘roll up’ or ‘drill down’ performance indicators,
o Dimensions mirror ‘reporting obligations’
01|Oct|2014 Karsten Menzel, Sustainable Places 2014 page 4
University College Cork (Ireland) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
The Facilities Management SectorUSER COMFORT – USER SATISFACTION
01|Oct|2014 Karsten Menzel, Sustainable Places 2014 page 5
University College Cork (Ireland) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
The Facilities Management SectorUSER COMFORT – LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS
01|Oct|2014 Karsten Menzel, Sustainable Places 2014 page 6
Overview of evaluation criteria
Evaluation Criterion Lower limit Upper limit StandardIndoor air temperature (offices) 18 26 CIBSE Guide ARelative humidity 40% 70% CIBSE Guide AOutdoor level 350 ppm n.a. BS EN 13 779Acceptable level n.a. 700 – 750 ppm BS EN 13 779
Acceptable level (20cfm air exch. rate) n.a. 800 ppm ASHRAE 62-1989
Acceptable level (15cfm air exch. rate) n.a. 1000 ppm ASHRAE 62-1989
Illuminance (floors) 200 lux n.a. CIBSE Guide AIlluminance (rooms) 350 lux n.a. CIBSE Guide AIlluminance (workplace) 500 lux n.a. CIBSE Guide A
University College Cork (Ireland) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
The Facilities Management SectorCOMFORT RELATED PARAMETERS
Comfort levels monitored:• Room temperature, • Relative humidity, • CO2, • Lux-level
o UPT : Underperformance Timeo UPR : Underperformance Ratioo UPP : Proportional Underperformanceo UPI : Underperformance Index
01|Oct|2014 Karsten Menzel, Sustainable Places 2014 page 7
University College Cork (Ireland) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
The Facilities Management SectorFLEXIBLE INTERPRETATION
01|Oct|2014 Karsten Menzel, Sustainable Places 2014 page 8
ECCalculated Absolute Values
PI = f(Dimension)
Time D.
LocationD.
Organis.D.
SystemD.
air Incompliant Room Temperature
UPTtemp
UPRtemp
UPPtemp
UPItemp
RH IncompliantRelative Humidity
UPTRH
UPRRH
UPPRH
UPIRH
air / RH Incompliant air/ RH-ratio
UPTt/RH
UPRt/RH
UPPt/RH
UPIt/RH
IAQ Incompliant IAQ-CO2-level
UPTIAQ
UPRIAQ
UPPIAQ
UPIIAQ
Ev IncompliantLux-level
UPTE
UPRE
UPPE
UPIE
University College Cork (Ireland) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
The Facilities Management SectorSYSTEMS RELIABILITY and EFFICIENCY
01|Oct|2014 Karsten Menzel, Sustainable Places 2014 page 9
University College Cork (Ireland) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
The Facilities Management SectorSYSTEMS’ RELATED INDICATORS
Systems monitored: Heating, ventilation, cooling, lighting,
operable windows, operable blinds
UIa, comp : absolute use intensity
– component level
UIa, sys : use intensity
- system level
UIa, subsys : use intensity
- subsystem level
01|Oct|2014 Karsten Menzel, Sustainable Places 2014 page 10
University College Cork (Ireland) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
The Facilities Management SectorUPSCALING of PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
01|Oct|2014 Karsten Menzel, Sustainable Places 2014 page 11
UIa, comp = ActPoc
𝑈𝐼𝑎 , 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑦𝑠=∑
𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝑈𝐼𝑎, 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝
𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑦𝑠
𝑈𝐼𝑎 , 𝑠𝑦𝑠=𝑊𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑
𝑊 max 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
University College Cork (Ireland) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
The Facilities Management SectorEVALUATION of CONCURRENT OPERATION
01|Oct|2014 Karsten Menzel, Sustainable Places 2014 page 12
Building System
Services Combination
1 2 3 4 5
Heating UI C1 UI C1
Ventilation UI C1
Cooling UI C2 UI C1
Lighting UI C1
Operable Windows UI C2 UI C2
Operable Blinds UI C2 UI C2
University College Cork (Ireland) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
The Facilities Management SectorOWNER’s VIEW: EFFICIENT USAGE of RESOURCES
01|Oct|2014 Karsten Menzel, Sustainable Places 2014 page 13
University College Cork (Ireland) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
The Facility Management SectorOCCUPANT DENSITY – MULTIPLE IMPACTS
Deviation from planned to real room occupation
ρoccup : Occupant Density of a space
01|Oct|2014 Karsten Menzel, Sustainable Places 2014 page 14
𝜌𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝=𝑂𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙
𝑂𝑚𝑎𝑥
University College Cork (Ireland) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
The Facility Management SectorOCCUPANT DENSITY – SIMPLE GROUPS
01|Oct|2014 Karsten Menzel, Sustainable Places 2014 page 15
ODxSpace Usage
Interpretation
OD=100 fully used Provided services are fully required
OD=75 normally used Provided services are required on standard level
OD=40 underutilised Provided services are underutilised
University College Cork (Ireland) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
The Facility Management SectorDASHBOARDS and KPI - COMBINED EVALUATION
Average KPI depending on detail of monitoring
wherePI = {UPT, UPR, UPP, UPI, ρoccup,UIa, comp, UIa, sys, UIa, subsys}
m = number of PI available (or selected)
NOTE:
KPIs need to be calculated at same granularity level
01|Oct|2014 Karsten Menzel, Sustainable Places 2014 page 16
University College Cork (Ireland) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
The Facility Management SectorENERGY CONSUMPTION
01|Oct|2014 Karsten Menzel, Sustainable Places 2014 page 17
University College Cork (Ireland) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
The Facility Management SectorCLEARLY DEFINED SYSTEM BOUNDARIES
o Monitoring strategy for energy flows coversa) Energy from grid
b) Energy (co)generated
01|Oct|2014 Karsten Menzel, Sustainable Places 2014 page 18
University College Cork (Ireland) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
The Facility Management SectorSCALABILITY of EVALUATION is REQUIRED
o Campus level: CCN: CoP for Campus Networks
o Space related: ECA: Energy Cons. per area
o System Related: CSZ: CoP for single Supply Zone
01|Oct|2014 Karsten Menzel, Sustainable Places 2014 page 19
𝐶𝐶𝑁=𝑊 𝑔𝑒𝑛 ,𝑖𝑛
𝑊 𝑔𝑒𝑛 ,𝑜𝑢𝑡
University College Cork (Ireland) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
SummarySCALABLE, FLEXIBLE EVALUATION SYSTEM PROVIDED
01|Oct|2014 Karsten Menzel, Sustainable Places 2014 page 20
Scalability
CAFM
Total F
M
(technical)
Operations
Cor
pora
teR
eal E
stat
e
ServiceProvider
Life
cycl
e
Flexibility from Stakeholder Perspective
Supports various FM-Business
Models
University College Cork (Ireland) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Performance KPI for Flexible Business Modelling
[email protected]+353 21 420 5400http://zuse.ucc.ie