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I LL N O SUNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
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University of Illinois atUrbana-Champaign LibraryBrittle Books Project, 2012.
COPYRIGHT NOTIFICATION
In Public Domain.Published prior to 1923.
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55.
THE UNIVERSITY
. OF ILLINOIS
LIBRARY
From the library ofCharles Melville Moss
Professor ofClassics
Presented by Mrs. Moss
881S5
1886zV.
I I ; - L I~ Lt Il; L~-Bl~ii~L~
I ' I I - '1 II I I
OzXwenban gas Sris
ANTIGONE
CAMPBELL AND ABBOTT
E on ron
HENRY FROWDE
MACMILLAN AND C.otMACMILLAN AND CO.
SOPHOCLESIN SINGLE PLA YS
FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS
EDITED
WITH INTRODUCTIONS AND ENGLISH NOTES
BY
LEWIS CAMPBELL, M.A., LL.D.Professor of Greek in the University of St. Andrews
AND
EVELYN ABBOTT, M.A., LL.D.Balliol College, Oxford
ANTIGONE
New and Revised Edition
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
1890o
( All rights reserved]
dlranaoh rass Stries
.V.
PREFACE.
THE present edition of' the plays of Sophocles has been
compiled from the larger edition of the Plays and Fragments
published by Prof. Campbell', with such alterations and addi-
tions as seemed necessary to adapt the work for use in
schools.
The text is almost identical in the two editions, and the
same marks are used. A departure from MS. authority is
distinguished by an asterisk, and a word or phrase which,
though retained from the MSS., is almost certainly corrupt,
is distinguished by an obelus.
In the notes, the critical part of the larger edition bearing
on the text has been omitted. Here and there, it is true,
various readings have been given, but no attempt is made to
present a connected account of the text. And little or
nothing is said about the metres.. Whatever light may have
been thrown on Greek music and metre by recent researches
in Germany, the results have not been such that they can
1 Sokocles. By Prof. Campbell. - Clarendon Press, I879-81.
636373
with any advantage be embodied in an English' School
Edition 1.
In the illustration of grammatical constructions the smaller
edition is sometimes more full than the larger. It is obvious
that knowledge which may be presumed in an older reader
can be profitably enough imparted to one who is reading
Sophocles for the first time, and reading him principally
with a view to improve his knowledge of Greek. But, in
order to save space, references are sometimes given to
grammatical works, especially to Professor Goodwin's
' Moods and Tenses.' In the larger edition the most im-
portant facts of the language of Sophocles have been
collected, analysed, and arranged, in an introductory essay:
in this edition the matter of that essay has been embodied
in the notes on various passages. This change seemed
necessary in a work which is intended to facilitate the
reading of the author without aiming at a general criticism
of his language. But a use of the indices will enable any
one who wishes to construct for himself a-fair conspectus
of the leading features in the style of Sophocles.
It will be observed that in many passages more than one
rendering is given, and it may perhaps be thought that such
alternatives are merely a confession of ignorance. But
although it is true that the writer's meaning is one and one
only, it is often scarcely possible to express this, even when
1 Brambach has published ' Die Sophocleischen GesSinge fiir denSchulgebrauch metrisch erklirt.' Leipzig, 187o.
vi PREFACE.
PREFACE.
perceived, by a single English version, and there are some
,passages in which the grounds of interpretation are so nicely
balanced, that the charge of ignorance would rather be
applicable to a dogmatic rendering. Beyond doubt, many
passages admit grammatically of two interpretations, either
of which is possible in the context in which the words occur.
There may be a preference in favour of one or the other,but to exclude either would mark this preference too strongly.
Moreover in a work of joint authorship there will necessarily
be some difference of opinion; and although there are but
few passages over which the editors have felt themselves to
differ seriously, this should be noticed as another cause of
the alternative renderings.
The lines of the plays are quoted according to the notation
of Dindorf, which is now almost universally adopted. The
numbering of the fragments is that of Nauck, in his 'Tragi-
corum Graecorum Fragmenta.'
Though the present edition has been compiled mainly from
the larger work, the notes of other scholars have of course
been consulted. The most useful commentaries in German
are those of Schneidewin-Nauck, Gustav Wolff, and Weck-
lein. Of those with Latin notes the most important are
the editions by Hermann, Dindorf, and Wunder, to which
perhaps Linwood's should be added, though most readers
will regret that so able a scholar did not give the world a
more elaborate work. The chief English editions have also
been consulted. It is needless t9 enumerate them, and it
would be out of place to criticise them here.
Vl!
viii PREFA CE.
Some pains have been taken to make the introductory
analyses, prefixedto the notes, a real help to the young
reader in mastering the structure and the leading motives
of each play. But for further information on these points
the student is referred to the Introductions in the larger
edition.
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1020
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32
ANTIVONH. 133
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34
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38
ANTIrONH. 39
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ANTII'ONH. 41
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NOTES.
INTRODUCTORY ANALYSIS.
THE action of the Antigone is so direct and rapid that a modemreader is apt to lose something of the conception which it em-bodies. While the chief person is one of the finest creations inliterature, the other characters are full of life and meaning, and thesituation is one which called forth the deepest thoughts of the ageof Sophocles, and appeals to feelings as universal as humanity itself.In looking steadily at the severe outlines, we find much which tellsus that the simplicity of form and structure is the result of mostcarefully pondered arrangement.
A young maiden disobeys the edict which forbids the burial of herbrother, knowing clearly that she thus forfeits her life to the state.This is the theme, which, although so simple, has important elementsof tragic interest.
I. It contains a conflict between two principles of action. There isthe authority of the ruler, representing the will of the community, anddictated by the exigency of the moment and by public expediency.The fiat of this authority is imposed on the individual from without,with a positive sanction that may not be questioned, and, even iforiginally mistaken, must, in the interest of order and the generalhappiness, necessarily be enforced.
On the other hand, there are the dictates of the heart, the dues ofaffection and piety. These have a claim which is universal and irre.versible, which is independent of time or circumstance, which is felt bythe individual silently and from within. Yet he is aware that they havea sanction beyond the limits of his own individual being, and that theimpulse to obey them is from the Eternal. The particular formassumed by such obligations may be local and temporal, though theduty of burial was hardly felt to be so by the Greek, but the instinctwhich acknowledges them is the same under many different forms.
II. This opposition, which has been at the root of every true martyr-dom, between the executive of a community and the assertion of someprinciple too wide to find immediate acceptance, gives an undying
.interest to the Antigone, whose heroine is a martyr, not merely forthe Greek rite of burial, but for humanity and affection, for that'primal sympathy, which, having been, must ever be.'
Sooner or later (and it is the part of tragedy to ' trammel up theconsequence' of action) the higher principle prevails over the lower,and the opposition between them is found to have been apparent only.But this is not effected without suffering. The martyr's life is sacrificed,and the persecutor suffers still more bitterly in the recoil. By theexclusive assertion of the narrower principle, he has brought ruin on thecause for which he contended, and he is made to feel that even his zealfor that cause was marred and blinded by self-will.
III. The given situation is so managed as to add the greatest poignancyto this conflict. Creon (the name signifies ' rule') is the new ruler,who succeeds to power on the extinction of the royal line. He appearsin the first flush of conscious authority. He holds even by a sort ofnatural right the state which he has saved, and he has already sacrificedsome of the dearest ties of kindred for the public good, in allowing hisson Megareus to be a voluntary victim for his country. Polynices,whose burial he forbids, was his sister's child, anc Antigone, who defieshis edict, stands in an equally near relation to him and is his ward.Not only so, but she is the affianced bride of Creon's only remainingson. She, on her part, has every motive to deter her from her holycrime. Just arrived at the marriageable age, and with an uncloudedprospect of happiness close at hand, it would seem as if she weredestined to be one ray of light amidst the gloom of the house of Oedipus.The author of the edict is her guardian and the commander of avictorious army, whose will is the law of the state. Her sister, theclose companion of her youth, shrinks back from joining her, andwarns her that she is adding the last crowning fatality to the sorrowsof their race. The night and the storm, which keep others close withindoors, are her only friends. The servile instrument of her capture, towhom his own security is of more value than aught else, yet showsmore of human feeling for her than any one save Haemon, and Haemondoes not see her again in life. 7-The part of the ChQrus, which in mostplays where a woman is the chief- character is composed of women,is here sustained by those Theban elders who are most in the confidence.
NOTES.44
ANTIGONE. 45
of Creon: and they, although loyal to the Cadmeian dynasty, to whichthey are nearly allied, yet are too much impressed with the sanctity ofpublic law, and with awe for the ruler, to express heartily the pity theycannot but feel, which at one moment, as she is led fortif to death,almost overcomes them. Their comforts, cold at best, are accompaniedwith reproofs, and after she is gone, they only moralize over the in-evitableness of fate. Even' when the final catastrophe is impending,their anxiety is for the state, not for Antigone (I140 f.).
All these circumstarces of isolation should be present to the mindin reading her appeal from Creon's authority to that of the Eternal'aws,and the touching lines in which she acknowledges that nothing butsisterly affection could have moved her to incur the penalty.
Creon had not cpnsulted any prophet. It had not occurred to himto doubt the righteousness of his act. In the Antigone, Teiresias comesunbidden. The shadow of calamity falls on Creon like a tropicalnight. After a brief defiance, and altercation with the prophet, his sternresolution suddenly gives way. He is convinced of his error whenit is too late to avert its consequences. The religious scruple whichhe had renounced now takes precedence of all else, and the burialof Polynices occupies the time which might perhaps have served evenyet to save Antigone. Her sacrifice is complete I
Haemon is never reconciled to his father, but commits suicide afterattempting to slay him. Last of all comes the suicide of Eurydice,who, as the mother of the lost ones, Megareus and Haemon, has beenpierced with many sorrows, and, like an Erinnys of outraged affection,loudly curses Creon before she dies.
His remorse is utter, but hopeless.These examples, say the Chorus, may teach wisdom to age. (No
lessons of experience will check the passions of the young.)
IV Some traits of character may be noticed. I. The nobleness ofAntigone's nature is heightened by the contrast of Ismene, who canbe noble too when much enforced. She sees the hopelessness of theattempt and tries hard to save her sister from making it, but when thedie is cast she is strongly wrought upon, and is sincerely willing toperish with Antigdne. The harsh scorn which the heroine shows forthis gentle creature,'though not without glimpses of a hidden tenderness,belongs to the tragic passiondteness of her character.
,. She herself is the ideal of all that is highest in womanhood,-with
every power full-grown, and still in freshest bloom: with clear andkeen consciousness of the possibilities of life, but ready to sacrifice all toone great affection, where the sacrifice is ennobled through being inharmony with Eternal Justice.
There are three chief phases of her impassioned resolve. First,with Ismene before the act, she is in a white heat of suppressed fierce-ness against Creon, and even against Ismene for dissuading her. Next,before Creon, she is calm, resolute, sublime. Lastly, when led forth todeath, without losing a grain of her determination, her nature exhibitsall its tenderness. The change in her may be compared to that in Ajaxafter the appeal of Tecmessa. The will is unaltered, but the mood andspirit in which it is carried out are different. Even her vindictiveness.which, like Oedipus, Ajax, Philoctetes, Electra, she firmly retains, isexpressed by her with singular moderation and self-possession. Sheonly prays that her enemies may suffer, if they are wrong: and she willnot pray that worse may come to them than they inflict on her. That isquite enough. Equally unwavering with the strength of her affection andof her will is her belief in the reality of the world below and of a con-tinued life. ' More are the years in which I must please those beneaththan those on earth,' she says in the first scene. ' I trust to find a lovingwelcome from my kindred there,' is her expression of confidence at last.Her character has the unity of gold thrice purified-' one entire andperfect chrysolite.' The quality of the love which she sacrifices is shownin this, that when Creon speaks slightingly of her as a wife for his son,the dishonour so done to Haemon moves her to the only mention she:makes of his name.
3. The person of Haemon has fewer touches. The altercationbetween him and his father is the flat place in the composition, whichmay be regarded as part of the design, affording some relief from theextreme tension of feeling. But he is far from being uninteresting. Hischivalrous devotion may be partly measured by the habitual reverence forhis father which it has evidently had to overcome. His indirect appealfor Antigone in quoting the opinion of the citizens shows native tactquickened by affection, and his generous indignation, breaking throughall restraints at last, proves, as the Chorus observe, how thoroughly heis in love. His tragic end, described by the messenger, is the fittingsequel. (This has often been compared with the end of Shakespeare'sRomeo and Juliet.)
4. Creon's error arises partly out of a noble zeal for the state, but partly
46 .NOTES.
ANTIGONE. 47
also from a certain stiffness of nature and from a taint of egoism that isbrought out under the strain of his new position. Cp. his own wordsdyiXavov 8 iravrYs av8phs s . X7. . (175 foll.). At home as well as in the
army he rules by the mere force of will. The awe which he has inspiredin Ismene, in the elders, in the watchmen, and even in his son Haemon,is very strongly marked, and throws into stronger relief the action of
Antigone. He has a noble self-assertion, but one that brooks no limit.
He is the impersonation of positive law, which, as Plato says
(Politicus 294),' is like an obstinate and ignorant tyrant, who will notallow anything to be done contrary to his appointment, or any questionto be asked-not even in sudden changes of circumstances, whensomething happens to be better than what he has commanded.' Yethe is not without a touch of natural affection, which shows itself in theexasperation of his tone, especially towards Haemon. And the feelingswhich he has habitually repressed break forth with a tremendousNemesis at last. In religion he is a worshipper of Zeus and of thegods of the state, but has no sympathy with mystic hopes, and speaks
lightly of the unseen world and of the supposed relations between godsand men. But, as often happens with such natures, he has a lurkingelement of superstition, and, when the prophet has once cowed him, breaksdown utterly, like the iron of which he speaks, at once stiff and brittle.He is very impressive in his despair;. The form in which he acknow-ledges the lesson of the situation is characteristic-/s -robjs ecaOrc'rwasvz'ovs apL~roV r 4 acovTa TOv 13o0 v E'v (III4).
5., Eurydice, as B6ckh remarks, is treated very gently by the poet. Sheis the innocent sufferer from the action, the motherly heart, into whosedepths all the sorrows fall. Her reproaches are true to the life of anti-quity and would not be felt to give harshness to her character, thoughthey enhance the misery of Creon.
6. The Watchman, in whom the vulgar Athenian is almost comicallyportrayed, gives an effective contrast to the heroic disinterestedness ofthe other characters. He cares not, like Creon, for the public good, stillless, like Antigone, for Eternal Right, but first and chiefly for his ownease and safety. When the pressure of fear is removed, he breaksout in impertinence, 'galling the kibe' of the authority that ceases tothreaten him. Like Dogberry, he chooses the most comfortable placefor his watch, and is more busy in wrangling with his fellows than inattending to his duty. Yet even this man's low nature is touched by.the action of Antigone, which he describes in the language of true
ANTIGONE.
poetry. And while delighted at his own escape, he'is pained for themoment that it should have been purchased at the cost of bringing herinto trouble.
7. Antigone, in commenting on her own action, strikes a higher notethan any which is touched by the Chorus. These are the elders ofThebes, the repositories of old tradition and defenders of legitimate rule,and they are true to their character. In a series of Odes, unsurpassedeven in Sophocles for gravity and dignity, and in various utterances ofless moment, they descant (I) on the wonderful resources of humannature for good and evil (their notion of good being bounded by con-formity to law), (2) on the resistless power of fate pursuing a familyfrom generation to generation: (3) on the supreme will of Zeus curbinghuman pride (in this either they or the poet may be thought to hintdarkly at the act of Creon) : (4) on the might of love, as shown in theinfatuation of Haemon: (5) on destiny overtaking the high-born, thepassionate, the swift. (6) They mingle their attempted comfort of An-tigone with calm censure. (7) They counsel obedience to the prophet(when it is too late). (8) They appeal to Theban Dionysus to save theircity. (9) They concur with Creon in lamenting his irremediable error,against which they had not remonstrated. But in all this there is not aword to show that they are affected by the moral sublimity of the actionof Antigone. It is a wonderful instance of the artistic reserve of Sopho-cles and of his observance of dramatic truth even in the choral odes,that he has left this to speak for itself--with only a faint echo from thehearts of the common people making itself heard through Haemon.
V. It remains to enumerate the scenes in their order.i. 7rpdAoyos (1-99). Antigone declares her purpose to Ismene.
2. wdpoo80 (ioo-16i). The chorus enter chanting their itri% f victory.3. inrEc6iov lrp&7rov (162- 3 3 1). To them Creon enters and announces
his decree. The watchman reports the burial of Polynices, and is dis-missed with threats.
4. Ist Stasimon (332-383). The Chorus deascnt on the wonders ofthe human will.
5. ITEW "d ov Sv'TEpov, (354-582). Antigone is ariaigned behfe Creonand appeals to the Higher Liw. Ismene" is brought. They are bothled into the palace.
6. 2nd Stasimon (583-630). The Chorus chant the ataities of thehouse of Labdacus, and the overruling power of Zeus, who is alwaysblighting the hopes of men.
S48
7. 'ret lov 7pirov, (631-78o). Haemon vainly pleads for Antigone,
and suddenly leaves the presence of his father in deep wrath. Creonintimates his determination to bury Antigone alive.'. 3rd Stasimon (781-805). The Chorus on this celebrate the des-troying influence of love.
9. copp CL rciEtaoLov 7'Taprov (806-942). Antigone is- led forth to
her living grave.
10. 4 th Stasimon (943-987). The Chorus follow her with allusionsto mythology.
II. EnEtd0Bov irT7irrov (988-1I14). Teiresias denounces Creon, who
goes in haste to endeavour to retrieve his error.iI. 5th Stasimon (1115-1154). The Chorus raise a wild cry to
Dionysus to come and succour them.13. h~rre dciov 'IcTrov d'-yXov )oglts (1155-1I256). But it is too late.
A messenger comes and reports the end of Antigone and of Haemon.
I4. "co L"d6 i oor (1256-,end). Creon re-enters with the dead body
of Haemon in his arms. A second messenger reports the suicide ofEurydice. Creon is led off in despair, and the Chorus reflect on theconsequences of undue self-exaltation.
VI. The first actor is supposed to have taken the parts of Antigone,Teiresias, and the two messengers; the second actor, those of Ismene, theWatchman, Haemon, and Eurydice; and the third actor, that of Creon.
VII. The date of the play has been fixed at 441 B.c. on the evidenceof a story (given in the argument of Aristophanes), that in consequenceof this drama Sophocles was chosen general in the Samian war (Thuc. I.I15 ff.). That Sophocles and Pericles were together in office as generalsat some time we know from Ion of Chios, and if we are to accept theauthority of Androtion (quoted by the Scholiast on Aristides, iii. 485),Sophocles was a general in the Samian war. But the connection ofthe Antigone with his election is extremely uncertain. The argumentattributed to the grammarian Aristophanes gives it on the authority ofa vague assertion--qaal i T-y ZIolia jati0at 7r0s &v 2C61, orapa-
Tqyliar Eoa -Icaavra Iv i~ &taarahil ri9 'AVTLyO'?y . As to internal
evidence, we may notice that in 11. 50o, 9oo, Sophocles is treating thelegend in a manner at variance with the Oedipus Rex and OedipusColoneus, for I. 5o implies that Oedipus died at the time when he dis-covered his incestuous connection with Jocasta, and 1. 900 that Antigone
E
NOTES. 49
was old enough to perform funeral rights at her mother's death, and didso for her father also. Line 190o also implies that the sons retained thethrone continuously from the death of Oedipus, which will not agreewith 0. C. 367 if. The use of anapaests also as in 1. 929 ff.is in thepoet's earlier manner, and the dialogue pf Creon and Teiresias in thisplay is not go finished as the dialogue of Oedipus and Teiresias inthe Oedipus Tyrannus. The Antigone, then, would seem to be one ofthe earliest of the plays of Sophocles that have come down to us.
VIII. The drama takes up the situation with which the Seven againstThebes of Aeschylus closes, but the decree which Sophocles ascribes toCreon only, Aeschylus refers to the combined action of the leaders ofThebes. The herald announces this decision to the two sisters who aremourning for their brothers, 1. 989 ff--
soCoorvTa al 8dfavT' alrayE'hh(ELv E XYXp
8liAov 7rpoBovhots 7 jas KaSeias rTdXEcogw.
'Ero'icEaeq p'Ey 70v3' 4r' (voly XOo'Oarr E Eo6ME ty7 qhatLs caraaicaqa&s.
roVbro 8' d4XpaV 'Yr6vS IlovvEItovs vesPO'v
rco IahXEv a"OaVrov, Aipra-yv Imavlv,dios ',r' dvaTararTpa Kaspular X0Oods i/..X.
Antigone at once announces her determination to bury her brother inspite of the edict, and one half of the Chorus support her. The otherhalf go with the herald. The fact that Aeschylus in this play employstwo actors only makes it necessary that Ismene should withdraw tomake room for the herald, and thus we are left in uncertainty with re-gard to her action.
Lines 1-97. Prologos. Antigone leads out Ismene to the gate, anddiscusses with her the edict of Creon about the burial of Polynices.
1. J. KOLVOV a1bTi8EXGOV. Cp. 0. C. 535 Covalt yE warpos &EdiXpEaal.KOLV
6V implies community of interest; ' sister of my blood, and sharer
in my griefs.' (Others, with Hermann, make coYVby = avyyE7VE.) Forthe word ICOLV6v cp. infr. 57. The periphrasis of the gen. and icaipaoccurs elsewhere in Soph., O. T. 40, 950, 1207, 0. C. 1657.
1. 2. i L is preferable to 5 rT. ' Do you know that,' etc. ,rcov dr'
Oi8'rro KaK&V. 'of the evils which have their origin in Oedipus,' seeHermann's note; the gen. depends on 6rot^ov obxi. [If g rL is retainedwe may supply aTli, or hr~EL after Kaa/ucv by a construction similar toinfr. sQ5, or regard it as resumed in itnciv.]
50 A NTIGONE.
NOTES, LINES 1-15 .
1. 3. 6rrotov o'X(. This seems to be a periphrasis= 'every,' woiov obbeing placed in the indirept form (as TI would become ii 7i). v^v isdat. of the person interested;-' on us before we die,' not' on us who arestill living' (Tra^ Eit Cwait).
1. 4. a I *rrXE'v. All the MSS. have atry aTep, a reading which isas old as the Scholiast. Porson conj. arrjr i'Xov, 'connected with mis-fortune' (cp. O. T. 709), supposing arTyp" (= &Tpdv) to have been amarginal explanation, which subsequently, in the form of irEp, forcedout fxov. Others, retaining adr"Y d p, enclose the words in commas='calamity apart;' or regard roEP as-= adYv, but due to the precedingnegative; cp. Eurip. Frag. 362. 44 (N.) o 0 o'rO' io~ayr rg XVPxsr raTp.Others correct into Tiv(pov, driT'rsov. The correction is uncertain.That adopted in the text gives the meaning required.
1. 5. Notice the similarity betweeni 6roiov ob 11. 3 and 5; eaxv 11. 2and 6. Cf. infra EIrCTOS iar 613, 625; L6AoL O. C. 70, 7s; fporcv ib.279, 281.
1. 6. K K c v is a partitive gen. used in predication; 'have not seen to bepart of.' The negative in oiK oinwra repeats the preceding negative.
1. 8. 'rv orrpary6v. It was in his capacity as general of the assembledTheban forces that Creon had published' the proclamation. Perhapsthere is an intentional contrast between 'rv orpcrqy6
v and wrav4picpwr6Xa. Antigone does not expressly acknowledge Creon's civic authority.
11. 9, 10. XLS 'rL KE'aI4ovo-as; We should place these words in the
reverse order. Cp. Thuc. 2. 40 LIrot /poIi'v ye ' iE vOuevpod0 Oa 6pO&T,ard see Merry's note on Od. 4. 208. L is adverbial=' at all?' Anti-gone does not ask for information, but merely to test Ismene's feeling.
CE X- XavO4VEL, K. '. A., ' or are you not aware that evils from our enemies(Creon) threaten to assail our friends (Polynices)?' The plural is usedin a general sense: infra. 21 Antigone becomes personal. But she hasalready passed judgment on Creon and his act. 'For the gen. cp. 0. C.1515 arpditavra X ep S ' dvLIcITrou iriy, Phil. 194 vrpbT airTv 7ri7 c'ed-Opovo Xp r~rs ~ridBr. And for TELdXEL CP. Aesch. Prom. 1090 rotba' Ir'E,ol orI) AL0eZv J 7ev'xovoa po'ov TTE(XEL GVpeepwc.
1. II. os00 .. 4tXcav, 'news concerning friends.' The genitive asinfra 632 tifpov .. 770s pEAo/bAo V.
1. 12. 4 $,rov. The death of the brothers is supposed to have taken,
place some time before the rout of the Argive host.1. 13. With the emphatic dual cp. O. T. 1504, 5 Vc yip, tP ' v eace " r v;
SdhcXaaperv 8i' o6vrE. Ovid uses ' ambo' for the same purpose, Met. 8.
373, 4 ' Ambo conspicui, nive candidioribus ambo I vectebantur equis.'
1. 14. Cp. infra 144 foll.1. 15. Observe that this is the only passage in Sophocles in which
inrd is used with the present indicative in a temporal sense LValckenir,
$r'
ad Eur. Hipp. 34], and this is present in form only, for cppoi8os Tarly-
IB'preryv. The addition of crriv is uncommon. ['Ap-ydwv is a betterreading than 'Apyfios , for the word is almost invariably a substantive inSophocles, though 'Ap-ydas XOovds occurs in a fragment. The use of
OqlBaor Ka8~,peros is different, vide Lex.]11. 16, 17. oO8iv o8' . , & ropvY . 'I know nothing further.. I know
not that I am more fortunate, or more deeply involved in ruin.' Line17 is an explanation of ob5irv biprepov. The verb d'rcrOaL occurs againinfra 314, Aj. 269, 384; it is confined to the present tense.
11. 18, 19. ' I knew it well, and this was my reason for bringing theeout;' 'Vir rov is not= /AErEA7rsE/orlv, for this would imply the inter-vention of a third person, which Antigone has avoided. For a privateconversation before the gate cp. Tr. 49 f., 553, El. 518.
1. 20. 8 Xois y p TL KLXXaLvov0r' 'iros. ' It is clear that your breastis heaving with some utterance.' saXXavwo seems to be used with anaccusative after the analogy of the Homeric ropp(pw (e.g. Il. 21. 551roXAA& 5 oL' pa&vl no epOvp M aovPTL). The word occurs again Eur. Heracl.
40 dipl oOe caXXaavCV 7TEICVOLI. It is not found in the literal sense of'being purple' or ' making purple' (cadXq). Similarly drTE'yIroI, iTad-pwroTS are only used in the metaphorical sense. Compare the use ofipaaw, infra 159.
1. 21. o1b yap.. ; The indignant question suits well with the suddenoutburst of feeling. y&p =' of course I am in trouble, for.' rciT0ov isprivative gen. with drtuca, which word conveys the leading thoughtin Antigone's mind; cp. infra 537. For the acc. followed by b'Vy h' ..'bY 84 cp. infra 561, 2. [Deprivation of burial kept the spirit of thedead from entering into its rest. Cp. Od. 1I. 7I ff. In Homer bothinhumation and cremation are in use, as forms of burial. In Sophocles,Ajax and Polynices are buried; Heracles, on the other hand, is burnt.,The common custom at Athens was to burn the body and bury the ashes,except on the field of battle, when the bodies were buried.]
11. 23, 4. (Tv iK' i *PGrpoeLS BLKCL KCL v6Ii, ' after laying him out
in state with the righteous meed of honour and observance of custom.'irpo0des is due to conjecture; it is the technical word for laying out acorpse. Cp. Hdt. i. 112, 5. 8 rpes AEp' @7<'ipag irpoz.tsaaL Tbv VEp6.The MSS. have xp uOisg. Cp. Ldbeck, Paralip. p. 535, note 26.
11. 25. 'rots . . VEKpots, 'holding his honour among the dead.' We havea similar construction in El. 239 U'77' ltv i nLor T orTOLt. The dativeis perhaps in some connection with the Iv-, but we find it with ai/4oalso, Aj, 440 atlpot/ 'Ap-ElolaT.
1. 26. rv ' . . VE'KUV. Acc. after iaAshat. Antigone puts thenotion which is uppermost in her mind first in the sentence. Cp.11. 21, 2 4,
52, ANTIGONE.
NOTES. LINES 16-40. 531. 27. 1KKEKPrVX0aL. The subject is rTo -A 1. T. X., cp. infra 67.1. 29. 4~v, sc. eivray, which is the opposite of . . TvI. Cp. 0. T.
238-241 Pire 7rrpoo06 yEV 7rtva .. OELVV ~' 7T' oi'ov ra' vTra. KXcLhavrOV,dragov. Cp. Od. I1. 754 ^'iU-a .. uar 7rolvEy . . dchavrov Ica' dOa7rrov.The lamentation was part of the ceremony of burial. Thuc. 2. 46 viv8' a7roXoLvpapa/Evot byv rpoarjKEt 'EKaEaros d7roXwpLFrE.
11. 29, 30. obtvos . . Pops, () ' to the vultures a sweet treasure asthey eye him for the gratification of food.' (2) Or, 6ops anay be taken.with 04ravp6v and Irpds Xaptv after it ('-feeding to heart's content'); cp.Phil. I56 Kopiaat oT'dpa rphs Xatpv Epa raptcds. Cp. Aesch. S. c. T.
S1004 o0. rETvv rTv3' bVr' ol w yP boe' raE, vT 'drip.,s TrobVITLLOV
.ap tv, i /ar.cio ' 6
1AapTreiv 7vy3oXd0a XEp&caaa I p'tr'
tvpAoiMrotrs ipoa-aPEtLv olJy/Lypaatv, j artylov Evat 3' ct(popa.r piAwY V5ro.
1. 31. 'r'v &ya06v. The epithet is ironical. Some join dyaoo'v with oata doit= 'good in your opinion and in mine hitherto,' but cp. infra 562,
3 7 'Y /v PrTWS I lvovv 7TE PdvOa, rYv 8' Bp' 00 i& r per' i'fv, which
implies previous ill-feeling between Creon and Antigone, and Phil. 873for the ironical use of a-ya0o's.
11. 31, 32. rOL K&ROL, X4-y y p K&ti. ' Such, you see, is Creon's pro-clamation.' (Cp. Aj. 39 S i'a rtw dvaps 7oE rTapya rarvT oot.) Antigonedirects Ismene's attention to it, but will not allow her sister's share in itto be more than her own, for an instant. 'You, and it is for me too..I am not to be left out.' She implies that she is fully aware of theconsequences of her action. Myco, as in Aesch: Pr. V. 973 /a a 83' iv
To-ot01 Ah'yw. She will not for a moment be understood to mean that
any other person is more concerned in the matter than she is herself.1. 35. TrorCOv 'TL, 'anything of what is forbidden;' the words imply
that the proclamation must be observed in every particular. Therelative i~ div without distinct antecedent (TpolcEGoat, sc. a&i4)= &v Tir.
1. 36. The punishment by stoning is mentioned again, Aj. 254, 0. C.435. It is known to Homer, I1. 3. 57 ~ Ti lev-aY 5 I Xalvov 'aaro XTrwva,
aKwv eyvX', ikaaa eopyar, and was- in use in historical times at. Argos,Thuc. 5. 6o0 bv Ophrvxxov avaxwpiravTres v 7rv Xapdapy, ov p ratd dor
aTparTas Nlas 7rpV el rpl aat spiJvovrvY, i~peavro NE ELtv. Cp. Bithr's note
-on Hdt. 5. 57.1. 38. EOyevils, 'worthy of your noble birth,' as eirhrarpt in El. 1o8I.
For the gen. -OX0h v ep. Aj. 763 divouy jalws ,Eyovro EiibpE0r rarpo.
1. 40. Xhiovcr' v I '"d&xrrovoC, 'loosing or binding further.' The ex-pression is general and appears to be of a proverbial kind. Cp. Aj. 13r7EL /5ip avviwov, d h& rvA wiv rimp. Lrpoer0tWrlv is causative rather
than reflexive-not, ' what advantage can I gain for myself ? '-but, ' whatadvantage can I confer ?' Compare the use of rapiXEaeat, 'to provide
from oneself,' iayyi hXEriat, ' to proclaim from or for oneself,' 0. T. 148-
1. 42. -otb6v rL KtLVBSVEVevja; Ace after the verbs in the preceding line:cp. an7rpprrov 1. 44. 'In what kind of a venture ?' roCo is made moredefinite by the addition of the article, r'b roiov El. 671, O. T. 120, etc.and more indefinite by the addition of TLs. rwov -yvLs ror' st; ' Wherein thought are you ? ' i. e. What are you thinking of? Or, possibly (E"from E/ It), ' Whereabouts are you moving in thought?' Cp. Eur. Iph.A. 480 etyL 8' oAriEp trab vv, Soph. El. 922 oici co 0' 'Tno yqj o6b' bror
1. 43. The construction is continued from aie7drE 1. 41: i.e. El is indirectinterrogative after acdC7rEG.
1. 44. &'nrpprj'rov ro6XEL , acc. neuter in apposition to the action of theverb; ' a thing forbidden to the city.' Cp. infra 126 and El. 3o j'cere ..7rapalt'Otov. The case is determined by such examples as Aesch. Pers.46 if. rnoxxors appatey 4oplAp0wr .. o~pEpalv o bry rpocrtLdOa.
1. 45. Supply vow^ 06trrtr. 4jv boi 0~X sA , ' if you will not performyour duty to him.'
1. 46. &AtroLGat= 'I do prit wish to be condemned.' Observe that inthe lines given to Ismene (11. 39, 40, 42, 44) there is a spondee in thefifth place, which gives a weight to them, characteristic of slow utterance;the lines given to Antigone, on the other hand, are exceedingly rapid.
1. 48. rc&v 1iuv must be taken with /hia (= TaErt) and repeatedwith dLpyeLV. ' He has no right in what is mine to part me from it.'
1. 50. v^j, is ethic. dat. This line and the two following seem toimply that Oedipus died at the time when he blinded himself ;-certainlythere is no trace of such a reconciliation with the Erinyes as that whichtakes place in the Oedipus Coloneus.
1. 51. aOTropxpcov. 'Detected by himself.' Notice the alliterativetautology, abroppcwv, ai'r6d, afurovpy c.
1. 52. 6it4ELs= .aTra. Cp. Oaicratv 0. C. 9.
1. 53: 'we mTa. The word is used here rather of the sequence ofthought than of time. The shame of Oedipus was the first misery fromwhich the rest followed. ,With iriYj Kai yvvil (both of which wordsare used with reference to Oedipus) p;. O. T. 928 -yve~) S i'7-9p ifjs r^va dvov rIerWv.
1. 54. Xo3apTaL j3ov, 'makes ruin of her life.' Cp. Aj. 217 vrYICEpOr
1. 56. Tr 'rChaLLrMtwpo. These words gain additional emphasis by fol-lowing after abVroTrovo0VTE . a'rOKT'OVO0VVT. ' Each slaying the other.'abTro -Vo o is used in the same sense in Aesch. S. c. T. 68r Avpov 3' 6dal-pIOLw Odvaros i0' arro1rdivos, ib. 8o5. Cp. aO~'vrgS in Aesch. Ag. 1542aXAhrv 7yEVEy rplIPet Oav&Tros abO;'v'rarl.
1. 57. 'Wrought with mutual hands a doom in which both shared.'KOLv6v is a favourite word with Soph., e.g. 11. 1, 57, 147, 162, 202, 546-
'54 ANTIGONE.
NOTES. LINES 42-75, 55988. [Hermann has been generally followed in reading inaX kXhoLv='mutual;' but it is doubtful whether En7rdXAAqor can mean anything but'one upon the other.' If ir' dXXAljow be retained, it can be joined withicarEtpycoavro, XEPpoy meaning 'by violence.' Cp. Aj. 374 9 XfpL I1Av1. r. X., ib. 616 vi rrpiv ' 'pya Xepov.]
1. 58. For the dual ep. El. 950 and 980 and note.1. 59. If K&KLUTra is 'most miserably,' the reference is to supra 36. But
it may mean 'most disgracefully,' for in Ismene's eyes it would be mostdisgraceful for a woman to be found disobeying a public decree, andthis is most in accordance with the context.
1. 6o. i*~ov, ' the decree,' cp. infra 632; KPd'ry, 'the authority ;' theuse of the plural in the latter word is Common; cp. infra 166, 173, 485,Aj. 446.
1. 62. s .. CaXYou[va, 'as not intended to fight.' cAs with the futureparticiple here expresses consequence or inference.
1. 63. &pX6LEo 0' I KpELO0ro6VwV. Cp. O. C. 67 ~I 70 o ar' d0r1VIaaiLAEc r48' idpyXEra, El. 264 and note. The next line is added toclear up and define the expression: epexegetic infinitive, as with car'E.
Cp. infra io76, where AncpOva, follows hoXmcrLv in a similar manner.1. 66. PL&o~aCL 'r&Se. With this passive use of the word cp. infra
1073 dx' iC ao Pf3courat rdSE.1. 67. Tot-s iv rsXeL pep3 co, ' those in power.' For this use of 3ep'es
cp. El. 1095 /.toIpa p v obs v i0aOx E 'l Se aav, ib. 979 and note. WithTor ydp at the end of a line cp. 78 To 84 and 238 vb 'ydp. It is charac-teristic of Sophocles to unite two lines closely: cp. infra 171 raloavrTE ica I rA7E'ivrEs, O. T. 28, 30 note.
1. 68. rreptoLcrd 7pd&crpo , 'to act beyond one's sphere.' Cp. Tr. 6177b It '7rmOvpeiVy wotrb's Cv rEptoelC Spay.
1. 70o 4oti . . 'ra, ' would your acting with me be a pleasure to me.'The adverb implies a predicate; cp. infra Io69 tvX'v T' dritqws iv rd4plcar-wimrar 0. C. 428 and note.
1. 7i. &XX' tcre' 6irola o-L SOKe^, 'be such a person as you thinkgood to be.' Another reading of good authority is dXx' "1o' (fromol8a) 6nrot'a ot So/cE, ' determine on what course you please,' but itis doubtful if i' aO can have this meaning; and the reading in thetext suits better with 1. 38 e'r' E 'yEv7 wEr5pvca, c.T.A. Cp. 0. C. 1379TocBa' EO4Jrlv, Phil. 1049 ToLrovrT6 dei" y&. [Hermann reads 6rola,taking 5O/C"d impersonally. 'Be such as it pleases you to be.']
1. 73. Antigone has no doubt that the affections of this life will becontinued in the next, any more than Socrates doubts the continuanceof the intellectual life.
1. 75. 'rcv Ev0&8E. An instance of the compressed comparison commonin Greek. The time is longer in which I must please those below than
56 ANTIGONE.
that in which I must please those on earth. Cp. Od. 2. 121, 4. 297,0. T. 921.1. 77. r&d ,rG v aV I'vLL ' The things which the gods hold honour.
able.' The construction of the genitive is the same as in the moreordinary expression O8&v 6 lipa, infra 444, 5.
1. 78. For the infinitive with r6 after dPioXavor cp. O. T. 1417 andnote.
1, 79. 44vv, 'I am' by nature and position. Cp. infra 523.1. 83. ' Do not waste your fears on me, look to yourself.' Ismene is
guilty of treachery to her brother and will have to meet the sentence ofthe gods (infra 459). [Hence roTr/ov is a better reading than Iiov.]
1. 86. Notice the Epic form roXh6v. Cp. Tr. 1196, 7 ,roXhh v 8
apaEv' bcrey6v0' 6e ov I a'pyov eXaLov.1, 87. Zdv p ... r8sE. These words add force to croyG ca. Cp. Aj.
289 dlCXTror o0O' r' da''yiXcv ichkeEL, 0. T. 956 obICrc' O'va.. &Xh' 6Xaw-X oda. Antigone has no mind that the thing should be done in a corner, asthough it were a shameful act. If Ismene treats it as such she will bemore an enemy than ever. Her vehement nature also shrinks from anyhalf measures, and hates a friend who is a friend in word only.
1. 88. ' Thou hast .a hot spirit on a chill enterprize.' Here againIsmene seems to borrow proverbial langfiage; cp. 11. 40, 62, 68, 90, 92.xJvXpo0t0L conveys the notion of 'frigidus horror.' Cp. Aesch. Pr. V.693 itxEv vXav ptdyv. Ismene has already spoken of the act in asimilar strain, supra 68.
1. 92. &px'iv, 'at all,' omnino. Cp. Phil. 1239 pXv CtXV'fv &v o'S'lia M4iovXh6Av. This use of apX7Yv is especially common in Herodotus.For the sentiment cp, El. 1054 roXk s avoia ca' 73 O'b paaat cvi.
1. 93. 'X0apet, middle for passive; cp. infra 210 TL jErat.1. 95. r v Z i 8iou BucrPovMav, 'the folly that proceeds from me,'
i. e. for which I am responsible. :c is not uncommon in this sense inSophocles. Cp. O. C. 256 7r de OEWiv, ib. 453. Also Dem. de Cor. § 4rTas XosopLag 'tas rap4 ao, Thuc. 3. 37 7^ i' vavrv $vvaEt.
1. 96. For the position of ou, which is due to a desire to give pro-minence to the negative, cp. O. T. 137 bnrip -yp obxy TW1 drripw pixwhv,O0 C. 1365. This is common in Tragedy.
1. 99. dvous IpXeL. The sisters part. Antigone goes to fulfil hertask; Ismene returns into the palace.
11. 100-162. Parodos. Strophe a'. 'Hail to thee, dawning sun, eyeof golden day, which hast witnessed the rout of the Argive host.' Thetime of the scene is early morning; cp. infra 253 P 7TpWros71 sl\y 4peFpo-a/csor'o: but the sun is already risen, 1. 109.
1. Ioi. Ei'3as. Sophocles uses the singular invariably in this play. Ithas a personifying effect and thus helps to express the affection of all
NOTES, LINES 77-121. 57the persons for their mother city. K&Ltcr'TOV TrV 'rrpOTipdV, 1fairest ofall previous lights,' i.e. fairer than any previous light. A partitivegenitive is used where a genitive of separation is required. This iscommon in Greek. Cp. Thuc. I. I dLo0oyrTa7Tov Tv 7rpor-'pwv. (avv,which is really descriptive of dIris, is attracted into the gender of
1. 1o4. &vvOs ro'r', 'at last thy dawning came.' Xpvo~as seemsmerely added to the day as to something of divine nature; 0. T. 157XpvaEas 'EXm'8orS , etc. Shakespeare, Twelfth Night, I. I ' When therich golden shaft I Hath killed the flock of all affections else.' For thequantity XpV-aEa~ cp. O. T. 157 and note.1. o5. Dirce was to the west of Thebes; but the returning army saw
the sunlight on the river as they crossed back into the city.1. io6. XEJKcaamLv. So Aesch. S. c. T. 88 6 A~inc'aa rt habs EirTrpE7T?,
white being the national colour of the Argives. &,raL, singular in acollective sense; cp. 6 M^5os, etc. 'Having stirred into flight before uswith hastier rein the whiteshielded host advancing with full armour fromArgos.' -rp68popov is used proleptically with cvtcraaca. KcLV'4aco:the construction is itav5oa oarE pE'yEt v t)dPVTEp XaXAiv.1. 110. For anapaests following lyric measures cp. Phil. 144 if.1. III. &pets, 'set forth;' the word prepares the way for the simile
of the eagle (dp0eIs is used of a falcon in IL. 13. 63); and a'p~tv aordovis also a technical term. VEL iOV 4t dO{LAX6yov. This play on the nameof Polynices is common, cp. Aesch. S. c. T. 577, Eur. Phoen. 637 vELCKwvE ricvvy fov.
1. 114. 'Covered over with a wing (i.e. 'plumage') as white as snow.'The gen., which is strictly descriptive, suggests a comparison.1. 116. ~iv may express closer connection than peTA in the preceding
line. But such variations have often no assignable motive. For thedescription cp. Aesch. S c.T. 114 tIcpa 7Tpi VrTJAw 0oX O'A dowV dVap&vIraXXaL Et.
11. 117-133. Antistrophe a'. 'Like a bird of prey, the Argive host cameagainst us, thirsting for our blood, but they were beaten off. Zeusabhors the proud and brings them to ruin, and such was Capaneus.'
1. I117. Crd-'s, 'staying his flight.' The image of the eagle is continuedbut allowed to grow less and less definite, and seems indeed -to pass intothat of a flying dragon. K KX\ With ap d xtavidv. [poviraatv for povias,Boeckh.]
1. 119. cwr'r&rrvXkov or6l0, 'our seven-gated mouth;' i. e. the sevengates which are as mouths to our city.1. 12. C .aldrywv with rk qeOjva, to which yf'vvurL is the instrumental
dative. For the plur. cp. Eur. Orest. 1548. It denotes the blood ofmore than one person.
58 ANTIGONE.
1. 124. Totos.. 8p&KovrL. () ' Such a din of war was spread about hisrear by the struggling serpent, a thing hard to quell.' This renderingseems against the order of the words, and also leaves avarxipwya isolated.(2) 'Such din of war was spread about him in a hard-won fight for thecontending serpent.' 8vXElpcoji is acc. in apposition to the sentence(1. 44), and the dative (of reference) depends on it. The 8pda6xcv s theemblem of Thebes, the home of the anap'ro dvapEs. For the eagle andserpent in conflict cp. Il. 12. 201 foll.
1. 131. PhaiPL8wv. The BahA"es were at the end of the race-course,and hence the word is applied metaphorically to the top of the wall.
1. 133. Capaneus is meant. Cp. Aesch. S. c. T. 422 foll. He wasstationed at the Electraean gate, and bore as an emblem on his shield anaked man with a torch, the legend being 7rp a vro'Atv. Eur. Phoen.I18o ff. agrees closely with Sophocles, ijI ' i9rEp/palvora yEeLa TIELXE'V
(the projecting edges of the walls) I Bd66aXEL iEpavv) ZEi vtv* .. AE Bi c N &-I la I vovEIoro Xmpt dAX A7hwv XCV' .. is y y 8 EIIpAPOT it7rTE YErPO'S.
He had compared lightning to the heat of the summer sun (Aesch.) anddeclared ' that not even the holy fire of Zeus should keep him fromutterly destroying the city:' hence he is the fittest example of thepunishment of the proud.
11. 134-137. ' Capaneus fell, and everywhere Ares made havoc. Theseven princes stationed at the gates were slain-the two brothers bymutual slaughter.'
1. 134. ' He fell with a swing upon the earth which beat him back.'*avTrwLTrYa is due to a correction by Porson. The MSS. have aVTL'rvra.
For three terminations in the compound adj. cp. infra 339, El. 1239.raTXav rOds, i. e. with the swing of a balance into which ' weight hassuddenly been thrown.
11. 136, 37. ' Was breathing madly with blasts of malignant winds.' Cp.infra 929, 30 rt T&P a~r&^v O'vilwv ab'raa ]I fvy a rv + y' iXovmtv.
11. 138 foll. 0tXE 8'.. 80 6 oELpos, ' Things went differently (Axgx) indifferent parts (dXua); and again on others (ir' ahAot) great Aresdashing on them like a horse in the traces dispensed a different share(r. . ~rcoVu;a).' 8EtoLotELpos, a horse in traces on the right hand of thepair which were confined in the yoke; the management of this horsewas of great importance in the race; cp. El. 721, 22, Aesch. Ag. 841, 42.For & ,a v d&aXX r& 84, ep. Aesch. S. c. T. 340 'XXo 8' dXov dyEl,
<poVEheL, ra 5E iaL TVppopL.1. 142. LrOL' rpas Larous. Cp. Hdt. 9. 48 Iot 7
TpO'E 'oovm apL6e~pv faXE-
ioyoLEOa.
1. 143. IA&yXaKa T' ri, ' the tribute of their brazen arms.'
1. 144. irXh iv 'ro LV aTUypotv, oVTro yap EL ia da rdavov, daXa st6r, of
8teicpiO4 ab&TWP 77 vina, tas TOTO oiIC AVIE 74 b'irAa abi/vT 709S Oeofs,
NOTES. LINES 124-165. 59
Triclinius. racLrps iv6s: for the gen. cp. O. C. 1324, 25 o00 Easo I 7W v r-lov (pvEvO'1s, Phil. 3.
1. 145. KaL' abGTOZv, i. e. caT' dXA Ahotv, cp. supra 56.
1. 146. 8LKpwreLs X6yXas o"rla-av'r, 'having set in rest their spears,victorious both.' The spears were not thrown.
11. 148-162. 'Victory is ours; let the past be forgotten; let us visitthe temples, and may Bacchus, our god, lead us.-Here is Creon, who hassummoned us on some special business.'
1. 148. dXhd y&p. The theme is changed and the reason of thechange given. As a rule dAXa and ydp are separated: e. g. El. 256 dhA'
8 ia -ydp, 619 dXX' ydP bc wro bvqsvema, etc., infr. 155.i. 149. vLXapEtoa, 'giving greeting in return for greeting,' ' meeting
Thebes' joy with smiles.'1. 150. ' Turn from these wars and appoint forgetfulness of them.'
The lic is not required by grammar, but makes the expression stronger.Cp. supra 95, note. 'Let us cast war behind us and forget it.' ForO'o4Oe hXlcr'iLoo'vav cp. O&ratL npovoiav, a0r7ovav, irLTrpoy)(P, etc.
1. 152. ircavvvXoLts, cp. infra 1152 ti 'YvXi Xophovrt. The referencehere may be to illuminations, unless the nightly worship of Bacchus isalso ascribed to the other gods. Night is to be turned into day.
1. 153. 1413pas is either gen. with OEr6 understood; or depends onEXhAiXOWov,' shaker of Thebes.' Bacchus is thus styled tad ras EV 7raflsBaxix/iaLt ictvs70iEtr.
11. 155-I61. These anapaests form no part of the preceding ode.. 156. *Q4pXwv is an addition required by metre.
1. 159. peo.v, 'moving,' 'advancing;' ep. Aj. 251 rolas pcaoovrLv
1. 160. cr6yK XqTov, 'specilly convened.' The word was used technicallyat Athens to distinguish extraordinary from ordinary assemblies (Ivpiat).I. 161. wpo6i'0,ro. The middle is remarkable, the active being usual in
this phrase. ' Non enim indixit Creon concionem, in qua populus senten-tiam diceret, sed in qua populo ipse ediceret aliquid.' Hermann. Od. 9.171 yop&v O or.
11. 162-222. First Epeisodion. Creon enters and explainrs to theChorus his edict on the treatment of the corpses of the two brothers.
L-[The part of Creon appears to have been once taken by Aeschines, Dem.De Cor. § 18o, Fals. Leg. § 275 6 Kpwv .. AXlaXvrl. But not necessarilyin the Antigone.]
1. 162. KOLVW, 'including us all.' we'ir as is used almost in the senseof 1 Erarr par, 'having cited us;' cp. infra 165 for*AXa.
1. 163. T Rtv 8ql 'wr6os, 'all that concerns the city.' rd iv KidvoWV O. T.785. So O. C. 268, El. 26t. For the metaphor ep. O. T. 23, 24, 51, etc.
11. 165, 66. ZrTELA' LKEo'GaL. Cf. Phil. 60 o' cr' Y X hira~r aoTEav,'rEs C
6o ANTIGONE.
-oico po oEt^v, ib. 495. 'Knowing that you ever held in due reverencethe enthroned authority of Laius.' OpvWov KpAT- make up one notion,on which the gen. Aatov depends.
1. 167. roou' a 0LS answers to TroTro p/', cp. ro07' d'X', O. T. 605.The phrase 70T70 i . . 7TOro 84 is common in Hdt. There is no apo-dosis to the sentence VLK'. . W6XLw, but it is easy to supply 'knowingthat ye were loyal.'
1. 168. celvov, i. e. Laius and Oedipus.1. 169. JEvovrCas, supply E~ics5. 4JLr8OLs cpoviRLOLU , 'with a constant
purpose.' ppo'vylra occurs frequently in this play, but elsewhere (inSophocles) only in a fragment. Cp. the use of d.pap in the Trachiniae.
1. 171. Xovwro, 'have perished.' This use of the aorist as a perfectis most common, in relative clauses (e. g. Aj. 713); but it also occurs inprincipal clauses, as, e. g. supra 163 CpOwcrav.
1. 172. arb6XELPL aoAv ipL&oi aLT, 'with the pollution of suicidalslaughter;' cp. rd'yXaXca r7hrl, supra 143, and icaO abTror, 145. o'Jvmeans 'with the accompaniment of;' supra 135, infra 674 abv PdEXVbopor, O. T, 124 note.
1. I74. &YXLo-re: : cp. prpTEa, aptTEtrra. The form implies that some-thing is gained (as a prize) by being the nearest of kin. Cp. Dem. 36.34 irp~alpLa a'eV. The more correct word would be 'ciyXtoElal.
1. 175. rFvrTs &vSp6o, ' of any man,' and therefore of me.11. 176, 77. ' Till he be rubbed in office and administration,' and so
appear in his true nature. Cp. Aesch. Ag. 390-2 IacoO 5 Xa/o, rp6-r
7rov I Tpi f, TE icai 7rpoa~ohaa\s I IEXat[Lray s rE'x E 8t/caLcosis, Hdt. 7. 10.,It is the friction of office which brings out the alloy in Creon's nature.
1. 18o. ykXCr-cra s 'EXEL, schema Chalcidicum, cp. supra 22, 32, etc,1. 181. v0v T I KCi WrrXaL, 'now as always.'1.182. Elt
4ov'. .&vVTl, 'in preference to,' 'in theroomof.' The expression is
pleonastic. Cp. Aj. 444 d AXor d',r' io, Od. 7. 216 ri ya-ript CivrEpOv.1, i83. o'bSapoo X iyo, ' I reckon him nowhere;' cp. supra 32.1. i85'. 'rv &'riv... &vrL ^rs ocrlplcs, 'calamity in place of safety.'
The words &vrcl r-s ocrqpas which to us seem somewhat otiose areadded, ad is not uncommon in Greek, to mark the contrast.
1. 187. X0 v6s = XOovi, but the dative would be ambiguous here.11. 189, 90o . The meaning is that friendships made against the interest
of the state are insecure. Greek rulers were keenly alive to the dangersarising from iEatpeia. 'rois LXous, ' the friends we do make;' cp. El.302 agr ,dcXas rnotodglvor. Very similar sentiments are expressed byPlato, Laws, 9. 856 B, C. For s and rav'Tqs in 189 cp. infra 296, 297
'TOo ia[. . r6
' . . r6'.1. 192. & eX4&. For the metaphorical use cp. O. C. 1262 daeXhi4 8'
<Ws OLIE 7TobrolaLw cop, where the word takes a dative.
NOTES. LINES 167-220.
1. 196. Kpt5GL, sc. Kryp4a XCOw. T"r& riv'r' fcyv(Oa", K. X.,' to addall holy rites which go down to the noblest dead below.' 'pxeTvaLimplies a belief that the offerings actually reach the dead. For this cp.El. 435, where Chrysothemis is bidden to throw away the Xo7Tpa thatthey may not reach Agamemnon. There is a dignified formality in theexpression. Cp. the speech of the herald in Aesch. S. c. T. 1007 ff.
1. 199. 6oO 'ros ZyyevEis, ' the gods of his race,' i. e. the gods of theThebans, who were K6auov r70o3 7rnat via 7popqn, O. T. I. Cp. infra 938.
1. 201. The repetition of 404E'Xo-e is emphatic. The utmost must bemade of the intention, for the attempt has failed. Cp. O. C. 61o.
1. 202. -rois 84, ' the remainder.' Those not slain Polynices intendedto take captive.
11. 205, 6. 'To leave him unburied, eaten in body by vultures anddogs, a horror to behold.' 84itas is acc. after 4SEorrov. The inf. tSievis epexegetic. al meivra is masc. sing.
1. 207. EK y' iCELo: cp. O. C. 51 ob artLOr E -y' io (paEr. Thisand the emphatic repetition of i$ EaoD in 21o show the unconsciousegoism of Creon.
1. 21o. TrLC'ljoEeraL, middle for passive, as always with this verb intragedy; cp. supra 93,
1. 212. r6v 'f8
e 8 6rvouv, K. T. X. The accusatives are governed by theverbal notion in aol 'nOr' &pE"cr'o : cp. O. T. 31, 32, El. 557 EL 6d ' is'dE AXd'ov i fpxEs, O. C. I 120 Tvi' el cpavf'r' d&Xra ioslcvW AXdyov.
1. 213. The Chorus allow that Creon has the power to do as hepleases, without assenting to his course of action, hence rod y' implyinga dubious approval.
1. 214. Xwbr6aoo "qev 1 pL = i 7ra Epf ,r iYwv orcot (ipAEv.
1. 215. .s &v. . 'rE. The words imply a command; ' see that ye,' etc.Cp. O. T. 325, where cVs oi'v pp~' i'yb raiTbv rn0wc is = I do not wish my-self to.
1. 216. For rrp60Es in the sense of imposing a burden cp. Tr. 1048, 49COV$C rotol ov o T' dCot7r -4 Ats 1rpoOercv, o0' 6 arvyvos EbpvaorEO El'oi.
1. 218. ' What then is the meaning of this charge given by you toanother ?' For ri ep. O. T. 151 mis To . . aBar; aXX = other than thepersons appointed to keep watch. Others read dXXo, i. e. ' What is thisfurther charge?'
1. 219. Observe the suspicion of the tyrant, who knows that he mustlay his account with suppressed discontent. The same feeling comesout more strongly afterwards, i89 foll. AXX& 'ravra Ial wrhaat 7r6Aws,
1C. T. X.1. 220. There is a confusion between oi/C ELrTLY 0ir epa^ and oic cgTLtV
OVTWUI (a7TE EpiV. Cp. Dem. 13. 17 Tis OVir'TWS CsO'llS ('07V i WV a7rT$
41YO5L, , ..A
ANTIGONE.
1. 222. vSpcas. Creon is wholly unconscious of the real source ofdanger. Cp. infra 248, 293, 302, 306, Aesch. Ag. 1252 J PTr' Pp' av7rapea/ldtelt XPYt]^r"v E /Iyl/.
11. 223-331. First Epeisodion continued. The Watchman enters andannounces that the edict prohibiting the burial of Polynices has beendisobeyed. He tells his story. Creon, in furious anger, sends himaway, bidding him produce the transgressor. On the character of theWatchman cp. Arist. de Poet. 5. 4 rET 5-rb To3 yEOor i.' - civ p v'Owyv iaXAEws yeXolar 8 ab , Et crapl/cov /.tEra8aXEiv 6Eb darEeFAv'v0eY (4 7rpa-yewsl'a). Something of this old rusticity is retained in the character ofthe Watchman.
1. 224. K Cov 4O &pas rn'68. These words are added in explanationof rdXovc V'r5o.
1L 225. 4povrScov ErL1r'r&EL,, 'haltings by reason of thought:' mythoughts caused me to stop = I stopped to think. Cp. Tr. 339 70T o Er[jV3' *E4/iq5tra(aaL j dotv;
1. 226. 068ots. For the pl. cp. O. C. 553 68ois iv a a0' acov'ov . 'Incoming ither.'
1. 227. For the grotesque self-colloquy cp. Launcelot Gobbo in Merch.of Ven. i. a 'Budge not, says my conscience. Budge, says the fiend.'
11. 228, 9. -rdXas, miserable in the sense of suffering misery; rkXjicv,miserable in the sense of doing something which entails misery.
1. 231. *orov86 flpa8Ss. The MSS. have aoXa pa5's, which seemswanting in force. The Scholiast has aXoXjg raXvs. The correction inthe text is due to Seyffert. For 7r and X interchanged cp. *lrpoOeds(XprOE]t ) ~ucai4, supra 24.
1. 234. -o~o. The participle which should follow-oaol ppdaovra-ischanged owing to the intervening words into 4p&oiro 8' 8ljws: cp. O. T.302 for a similar insertion of 84. 'rd tpylSi8
v, 'a vain report.'1. 235 . 'rs. For the emphatic article cp. infra 409 Tv v "vv. 8
E-8payjlvos, though not found in the best MSS., is known, to some of theScholiasts, 'clutching at this hope.' The chief MS. has rlpay.Evos,whence ErrppayidvoT '('shut out from hope') has been conjectured.
1. 236. For Tra0Etv dv cp. Goodwin, Moods and Tenses, p. 6I, whoquotes Thuc. 7. 61 cb ri r Tvs X? aYV OLEO' 7Cp&iv iAIrloavre. qTrTvat. Addthe use of 8OcELI, e. g. Aj. 1o78 rb IA' BoeFdEv Tooryiv av i/c 1upov xo dov.rb pbpcryov, 'my fate.' The word is more common in Aeschylus thanSophocles. It occurs in Herodotus.
1. 237. Cp. O. T. 319 Ti 8' Ertv; As aiOvyor eo1l eAXv0ar, infra 997 'Ti' Ecrtv ; ry& i'7 TbO ccx 'ppioLrrW v~ToAa.
11. 241, 2. ' You aim carefully and hedge off the matter from yourselfon every side.' Two metaphors are here joined. For viov in the senseof' strange,' ' startling,' cp. Phil. 784, 1229, 0. C. 1447.
NOTES. LINES 622-2633
1. 244. et'r &rXraXaXe0s dIeL: ' be off with you, and have done withus.' Cp. O. T. 445, 6 WY rapcyv c 7' Y~irrosirv I b6XL, ,ivOdE 7"
tv oabt avdhy'valt ,rkfov.
1. 245. KaCc 8 X yo oOL. Cp. El. 892 Ical 8) hc'yC aoV irOv 7 aov ' arTe-&861v. The words ia 87 here imply a plunge of desperation.
1. 246. O&CaLs PifErKE, 'has buried and is escaped.' Cp. O. C. 894oEXaL . . f-or7raaa.
1. 248. The excitement of Creon is shown in the double question.Cp. O. C. 388 7oF1oLoL 7otVTOLS; r aE TEOE'or7TLO7at, ir'/vov ;
1. 249. The Watchman wishes Creon to understand that everypossible care has been taken to discover the offender by a carefulexamination of the ground. The light footstep of Antigone has enhancedthe mystery.
1. 250. iKpoX4 =' earth thrown up;' cp. O. C. 472 rXvy = 7EXV7(?jIarTa,and 0. T. I rpop77.
1. 251. ErrRaeuvlvRv rpoXOirLV, 'marked with the wheels of a car.'The word inra1aEbco does not occur elsewhere.
1. 252. cioqos oibpy S "rs 'v. 'The doer, whoever he was, left notrace.' Cp. Aj. 1266, 7 Tro9 Oav
6vTros d Tax'Erci tic OTporo L Xidp
8tappeL.
1. 253. 5 rpWTros iFRLp6Oicowros. The action pf the play is necessarilyvery condensed. The space occupied by the Parodos and Creon's speechis supposed to give time for Antigone's act and the Watchman's journey.
1. 255. For the position of the negative cp. El. 905 vgnpva/s& Pciv ovi,Phil. 68.
1. 256. It was a sin not to throw earth on an unburied corpse. Hor.Od. I. 28. 33 'precibus .non linquar inultis, I Teque piacula nulla re-solvent. j Quanquam festinas, non est mora longa, licebit I Injecto terpulvere curras.'
1. 259. iYv XhhXXotoL-v, (I) sc. Aiiy ror (p)'Aaetv. Or, possibly, (2)'words clashed with words;' the hdyos being personified, cp. 0. C. 574Xy XO.yor T&EpXcrat.
1. 260. 6XcaL ehiyxov chXKcLa. This is really a clause in appositionto Ao'yot, and the apposition is assisted by the personification. K&v
ylyVE-ro, K.T.A. 'It was coming to blows at last' or threatening todo so; av '7i'yvero appears to be used to denote a state intermediatebetween y4'7Ero d'v and byiyLt'rO. Cp. infra 390 av iXOevv.
11. 262, 3. 'For some one (i-s implying vagueness), who was each ofus (E'caaTro), was he who had done the deed;' i.e. in the suspicion of therest every one was the doer, but no one could be proved to be so.' Or,' For the doer of the deed was each one of us in some sort,' i. e. in theestimation of another, taking cEl ~'carror more closely together.
1. 263. &hX' ~cvy pi eLiEvaL, ' but he escaped, so that we could not
63
64. ANTIGONE.
know him.' This use of pEywY is rare, but cp. the analogous use -ofpellicywo, e.g. 0. T. I I E mpe YEL 5' a/t dE 'AlXOoeOv. There is also prob-
ably an allusion to the technical meaning, ' He escaped conviction.'Cp. Dem. In Aphob. I.. os.. E li'as Oiv'ye ~uiv &ayvwva 7rEptabrv. According to others the meaning is, ' but every one (~&r fromoib6el, cp. O. T. 8I7 ff.) made a plea of ignorance.' For this cp. Plato,Laws, II. 936 E Aa. . drodar j /civ /A)p Ei~E'vaL drauarrTEOc W 77 s
1. 264. Trial by ordeal is seldom mentioned in ancient writers. Herethe allusion is characteristic of the Watchman, who belongs to the lowerclass of citizens, for whose minds such tests would have peculiar force.In Paus. 7, 25, 13 the drinking of bulls' blood is a test of chastity en-forced upon the priestess at Gaeus.
1. 268. "r' o'Siv.. TrXiov, 'when we gained nothing by the search.'1. 269. Myst TLes Ets. The inversion is remarkable. (Cp. O. T. 118
rX@v JEl rLS.) It throws the emphasis on Els. The proposal came fromone man and one only.
1, a71. For the varied construction after mXw cp. Aj. 428, 9 oi5ro 6"darrEI'p'y odO0' 6'orw ic^ A&yEV [ EXw.
1. 272. Av 8' 6 i0Oos. These words resume X'7Lt (269).1. 275. rovi'ro r&ya0 iv hXapev, 'to receive this piece of luck.' The
words are of course ironical. Cp. supra 31 Thv TayaO3v Kp'ov7a, KC-OBLpEZ, 'falls on me,' 'marks me down.' Xhapetv is epexegetic of KCaGLpEE=wTrE lE Xa E aIfv.
1. 279. *'T. This is (or was) Nauck's emendation for 4. The subj.suits the hesitation with which the Chorus make their suggestion. Cp.O. C. I18o /A oat rpdvo1' N ro Oo vCKXacrT"a. We may compare thereligious feeling awakened in the suitors by the violence of Antinous,Od. 7. 483 ff. 'Ayrivo', ob iLy icth' gBaXEh 8tvirlvov dX .jA v, I o h1AyEV, ElS7 1rOv TIT EsTwoVpaioL OEO' E'd iT, Ic.-.A.
1. 280. K Pa. The cal' must in strictness be combined with rpiv, butSophocles often joins ical with the personal pronoun (cdi'& occurs 3otimes, acdo&o I i, ietI1ol 14, dE' 29), and thus it is sometimes joined withthe pronoun when it belongs to another word or to the clause. Cp.Trach. 396 urpiv 4Aair cadvvew;aacrOat 06yovr.
1. 281. divous r Kal YE'PWov. Usually age brings wisdom. Cp. O.C.804, 5 o6~ 7T Xp6Y qdaas p ravE q pvar tror', ib. 931. The naturalorder of the words gives prominence to the word of reproach.
1. 284. The connection is, ' Do they honour him as a benefactor? Hisactions make that impossible. Or do the gods honour the wicked? Itcannot be. In no way then does Polynices share in their attention.'
WrEPTLFRLvres, ' honour him especially,' i.e. by this strange burial in de-fiance of the edict. Creon exaggerates the honour done to Polynices as
NOTES. LINES 264-318.
he does the presumption of Antigone : cp. supra 208 rLI)VY Wrpofgova' 01
icaoL C r&v tv icwy.1. 286. &vaYlaTa belongs closely to vaors.1. 288. -rsLW&VTas, predicative with OEovs.1. 289. ra~ra, cogn. acc. with pp6Oov. 'This was the meaning of
those murmurs which,' etc.1. 290. h6XLs E'povrES is to be taken absolutely, 'being discontented.'
EJLo= ' against me;' cp. 0. T. 165. bpvv6lvar 7rhOXL.
1. 291. ' Covertly shaking the head,' like an animal preparing to throwoff the yoke.
1. 292. SLKcals, 'loyally,' ' as I had a right to expect.' (is orfrpyLV40, 'so as to accept (and acquiesce in) my rule.' For this meaning ofacripyEty cp. Phil. 538, Aesch. Pr. V. Io, II 7r v Ab's TrvpavviSa crTipEV ,Thuc. 1. 38 adiAwrra airb r r&v dlroicwv crTEpydOEOa. These words resumethe meaning of /6x0s cpEpowTer supra.
1. 293. .ro'-rovs, ' these guards,' rather than 'those who have done thedeed.' iC rGv8E (masc.) with irap9yp'Vovus. The distinction betweenoVTro and 55e is not strictly preserved in tragedy. (Cp. supra 189.)
1. 296. Troi-o, though neuter, refers to &pyupos, which is here poeticalfor dpydptov : cp. the construction in 11. 334, 5-
1. 298. 'This schools and wins over good minds among men so thatthey address themselves to evil enterprizes.' For L-r -tcro0at, cp. Thuc. 6.34, § 7 VTWY 5' dvaOpcrrwv 7rpT Tad E, yopEva iat al yvwiaLat L'Tav7aL.
1. 300. rravoupylas, acc. pl. It is to be taken after E"Uttv, i'XEYbeing epexegetic.
1. 301. rravrLs pyou 8vcroaE'eLtav, 'impiety in every deed,' i. e. everypossible act of impiety. 0. T. 364 TyvElay Xdyw, 'py' w, irEv.r .
1. 304. Creon breaks out into an impetuous adjuration. Zeus is thegod of the visible world and upholder of the state.
11. 308, 9. ' Mere death shall not be all: but first, hung up alive, youshall display to every one the wickedness of this offence.' Two con-structions are joined : 'mere death shall not be all (you shall be tortured),'and ' you shall not die before,' etc. Cp. Phil. 1329.
11. 310 foll. For a similar hyperbole cp. O. T. 1273.1. 311. ApwTr'q're, ' carry on your rapine.'11. 313, 14. The article is, as usual, added in mentioning part of a
number. orro-. is added in epexegesis. Before 7) we must supplyplAXXov from 7rAdovar.
1. 315. o-'ros, ' as I am ;'cp. Il. 21. 184 lcEt^' OV 'W.S1. 317. KveL,; (I) 'Is the sting in your ears or in your mind?'(8. active). (2) 'Are you stung,' etc. (8. passive). The balance israther in favour of (2). See especially the emphatic nopv (318).
1. 318. 'rl BaC; &aL is not found elsewhere in Soph. A similarlyF
65
A NTIGONE.
colloquial expression is 'rav in O. T. 1145, Phil. 1387. Herm. readsT1 BE AVOIALdC~IE, c..X.
1. 320. XkX%~ a, 'a prating fellow.' Others read d'XtAa, 'a cleverrogue.' For the contemptuous neuter cp. infra 756 and 760.
1. 321. ro-tiaus, sc. i Xor Ec7re(pvalc's ECLL. Cr. ' Tis clear that youare a born prater.' Watclm. "Tis even as clear that I never did this deed.'There is probably an opposition between NahEiv in XaciX' a, and notl(ras!.
1. 322. qrpoSo0s. The same construction is continued. rao-rcL resumesTovpyov TOT roj Car.
1. 323. 'Pity that one who will have fancies should fancy wrong.'For the subj. cp. O. T. 317, O. C. 395.
1. 326. ra& BLXd Kp81, ' traitorous gains.' B6EXAs is a favourite wordwith Theognis, = a o's.
1. 328. XgOfj 'e KaC' 4I1, 'be taken or ndt;' cp. Eur. I. A. 56 8ovaiE p bovai 'e, Hdt. 7. 35 71" TE UTV' YE PoVA, -"V TE /Ai.
1. 329. Gi, .. Re. There is a rude emphasis in these pronouns.
11. 332-383. First Stasimon, followed by entrance-Anapaests. Theleading thought is: ' Man is wonderful and irrepressible alike in legislationand in defiance of law.' The primary motive of the Chorus seems to bewonder at the mysterious act, but instead of dwelling on this they passinto a general train of reflection. Strophe a'.: ' Man is more wonderfulthan any other created thing. He has established his dominion over thesea and the land.' roXXd r ..... rkeL: the simplest form of sentence isused-=' man is most wonderful, though there are many wonderful things.'Cp. Aesch. Cho. 585 7roxXa ~iv ya TpEL (p EV Ed 3e 'Tov aXy, .... daX'irniproXpov dvpbr <pph yva T i XE'os ; SELv, ' fearful and wonderful.'
1. 334. Kai= even.' XELREPLC v6'rc, 'urged by the stormy south.'Dat. of cause.
1. 335. w PUepvXLOLtor , 'drenching.' The word is derived from thesame root which we find in bird0pvxa; cp. L. and S. sub voce. Ow'olSncowLv. The waves rise around him, so that he seems deep in them.Cp. O. C. 673 XXcopatrs bod 3orcaaar.
1. 338. repV'rcLv, ' supreme.' Earth is eldest and mother of all.
1. 339. KaiLTayV. For the compound adj. with three terminationscp. supra 134 avrv'Tvra and note. &rworopuera, 'wears out for his ownuse,' middle. Neither the terrors of the sea nor the sanctity of earthare a check upon the boldness of man.
1. 340. tXXovwov. iXXEnY means to turn to and fro within a givenspace, as the length of the furrows, between the o'pa. .. 7j1iv2vW I. IO.
351. E'rs E's E'ros, 'year in, year out,' lit. through one year into thenext. twnr-eo yi et= with mules, ' which are better than oxen to drawthe plough through the deep furrow,' 11. I0. 352.
11. 343-353. Antistrophe a'., 'Man is lord of the fowls of the air, the
66
NOTES. LINES 320-365. 67
beasts of the field, and the fish of the sea. He has tamed the horse andthe mountain-bull.'
1. 345. I6 vTov 'r' EvaXMav UcrLv, ' the brood of Ocean teeming in
the sea.' For pdosS in this sense cp. O. T. 869 Ovra qpi t divipcov.
1. 346. orwEpao-rL 8LKT-UOKXOcrTOLS. These words are to be joinedwith dAPi,0aXcv diye,. ' Surrounds and carries off in meshy toils.'
1. 348. wrepL cpa8s av4p. The words sum up as it were the precedinginstances of man's subtlety.
1. 349. From the capture of wild beasts the thought proceeds to thetaming of them.
1. 351. "gETaL is against the metre, which requires ,-v-: 6Xa&'EraL,vlrTcerat, iL~EraL (Xdu'rwv UE pe Phil. 401), 6~hPICEra, have been pro-
posed. The reading being uncertain, it is doubtful whether vuy6v isacc. or nom.; either ' he brings under his yoke,' or, ' his yoke subdues,'gives the sense required. oi;PEL6v '' dK ',ra -rapov. Cp. Scott,'Crashing the forests in his race I The mountain bull comes thunderingon.'
11. 354-364. Strophe B'., 'Man has acquired language, and thought,and civic habits He has learned how to shun frost and rain, anddisease ; death alone he cannot overcome.' AvEl 6 yEv p6valg. Cp. Hom.11. 15 80 foll. C& r 6' W ' v ity v0or dVcipo, S 7' b!il roTXXy yat
av &EX-
XovOls ~pera ITrVakXiLOt vopjy ' ' i9' Vy 1) l''a ' Ev 'owpa7o7i TE
rohXXc, I drs icpatmvc^s /tIEavta iE1TTaTo rorvia"Hpy.
11. 355, 56. voruv61ous I 6pyds, ' the disposition to inhabit cities.'This seems more probable than 'the tempers of civic life.' [dpXad is aconjectural reading.] 8L&&cgTo,' he taught himself.' For the reflexivemiddle cp. Aj. 1376 d'iyyhhoXoat.
11. 356 foll. 'And (he taught himself) to avoid the untemperedinfluence of comfortless frosts, and the pelting rain.' Pfa3X goeswith Sa(lpEc no less than S
6 m-opppm. For the collocation of nounand infin. with Elt&i~aro cp. O. C. 1357 EOrlqar dlroYv ad a TroAs "ra7TaS
1. 360. rav-ro6pos, sc. dv.
1. 362. obu'K GrrL craL, 'he will not bring to his aid,' as an ally.The metaphorical use of ndieTEra is rare; cp. Thuc. 3. 10 77'v 7Wv
UvuIxdXrwv ov'AWScas 4rar-opvov. The fut. is here stronger than a&with opt.
1. 364. v jL4paorC, ' he hath contrived;' the evv- implies the craftybringing together of the plan.
11. 365-375. Antistrophe /'. 'With a cunning beyond expectation hegoes now to evil, now to good. If loyal, he is high in the city; if over-ambitious, an outcast. May I never associate with such a man.'
11. 365, 66. 'Having the power of invention in art to a degree of
F2
cleverness beyond hope.' cro6v is qualified by 'rt, which is almost=rwa. 7Xvas, strictly, 'in the matter of art,' i. e. his'inventive power
shows itself in art.1. 366. For the omission of the prep. with KKic6v cp. O. T. 761 dypov'r
4e 7r I /lat idrrt 7rotlviov vobuir.
1. 367. v6j1ovs 'Fappcov xo0v6 s, ' knitting (with his skill) the laws ofthe land.' rrapepcov, 'weaving in,' as gold leaf might be woven intoa chaplet. Many conjectures have been proposed in the place of thisword, e. g. yepalpcov, r' dEtpwov.
1. 369. OGiv 4'vopwov 8&Kav, ' sacred justice in accordance with hisoath.' For the genitive cp. Od. 10. 299 paiprov ipxcov.
1. 370. i pilrroXs, sc. yiyvCrat, and the same word must be supplied toaroXhs. ro pi KakX6v, 'wickedness,' in the worst sense.
1. 371. TOALas XEipwL, 'to indulge his daring.' Cp. supra 30 Tp0!
Xaptv Bopds, and note. For r6'pxa in the sense of crime cp. O. T. 125lrvs o~v 6 Xrpan's. . -r6b' Av r0X/r i'A/3,, O. C. 1030.
1. 373. rap&rTLos: cp. Ilor. Od. 3. 3. 26 ' Vetabo ... sub isdem Sittrabibus . mecum,' Aesch. S. c. T. 602 foll. Av iravrt lrpa-yeT 8' C'O0' 6tL-Alas lascico I aiitlov obi66 c.r.A.
1. 375. 'i'oov +pov,v, 'of the same party in the state;' cp. infra 5Io.(pSoL, the optative generalizes, and follows the preceding optative.
1. 376. The Chorus catch sight of Antigone being brought in.1. 378. oiK VaL : the entrance of Antigone is a patent fact: hence ob
not /&. Cp. O. C. 1203.
1. 383. KacLG6vr s: the change to the active participle breaks themonotony, and also directs attention to the capturers, &Cpoordv : theword (cp. O. C. 1230) expresses the thoughtless "action of youth. TheChorus have no idea of the depth of Antigone's resolve.
11. 384-582. Second Epeisodion. This falls into two parts: 11. 384-525,in which Antigone is brought in by the Watchman and placed beforeCreon, to whom she justifies her act; 11. 526-582, in which Ismene alsocomes in and attempts to claim for herself a share in Antigone's act.
1. 387. p~1~LETrpos, cp. Eur. Alc. 26, 27 crv/ 'pws 6' d~IKE70 I ppovpvT6' ij7ap.
1. 388. This is an old 'gnome' which had passed into the mouths ofthe common people. Cp. Archil. 76 (Bergk) xpr LrLTWV da EXTTro o6i&VCartV ob8' 7W/OTOo.
1. 390. Av i~VX(ovv, 'I could have declared.' For the imperf. cp. 260.1. 391. rats.. r-rE , 'owing to those threats with which I was then
buffeted.' The dative marks the occasion, which is also the cause, ofhis declaration; cp. infra 691 X6'yols ro~oTroir OLf. IJ L7 TE p~eL hXV'wv,where, as here, the construction is helped by the relative clause.
1. 392. K.rbs, supply hArIczu.
68 ANTIGONE.
NOTES. LINES 366-423.
I. 393. ~'OLKGV. ,. KOS o ~'V, i. e. odOiv oL iKo1, ' is utterly unlikein extent,' i. e. is far greater.
1. 396. There was no casting of lots who should bring Antigone toCreon, but the Watchman claimed this as his right. Cp. supra 275.
11. 399, 400. ' I have the right to be away and clear from the busi-ness.' 4XEuOEpos must be taken with &rrkXX&XOatc. Cp. supra 244. Lciq'va,xat draXXcirrETL is the legal phrase for giving'release and quittance.
1. 401. The order of the words betrays the astonishment of Creon.'Bring this maiden! How, and where did you take her ?'
1. 402. The Watchman wishes to be as brief in his good fortune as hewas prolix in excusing himself in adversity.
1. 403. MyELyes 6pO^s, ' speak it with your wits.' Cp. O. T. 528, 29 i~bSytirwv 3' 6pOwv rE idC& SpOjr ca PEs I ICCYopEToobV7TbcA a ro7 06 Tov.
1. 404. The Watchman affects a sort of familiarity by joining on hiswords to Creon's; cp. supra 321. The attraction 8v o-r Tv v Kpby isnoticeable; the Watchman is awkward in his effort to be explicit,Cratinus, Frag. incert. 159 ovrEp ,l>Xo ylAE' T
3V Xdyov &E'pOopEv.
1. 405-. jp Ti, the aorist singles out the moment of capture.
1i. 409, 10. 'r3v I v4vv. For the synaphea cp. 1. 238. yuvyw<ra'vresEv, for the order cp. O. T. 308 y.aOdYres EV. Hdt. 6. 30 7rTptarTELhavTET
4E. Observe the circumstantial loquacity of the speaker and the glibsmoothness of the rhythm.
1. 411 .-cpcv i# r&dywov, 'just below the ridge;' bc implies ' on thisside of and looking down from.' ~r']veo, ' out of (lit. below) the wind.'
1. 413. KLV$V. The sing. shows the interest which each watchmanindividually took in the matter; cp. supra 260 pq;Aae A 'yXcwv 'pvXarKa.
1. 414. &Lfa0cro, ' neglect,' an unusual sense of the word, whichgenerally means 'to be unsparing of.' r6vov, ' the labour' of watching.
1. 417. Kat KaOp' NiOaX e, 'and the heat was scorching us.' Supplypar~i. X0ov6s gen. of motion from with &ECpas.
1. 418. oKqwr6v, ' a squall,' or 'sudden tempest.' o1p&cvoV &Xlos, ' thatsaddened all the sky.' Not 'a measureless trouble,' like a'liv obpaviav.
1. 420. Vkqs FeSL L8Os, orchard groves and the like are meant. Onthe high waste ground where the watchmen were sitting there would beno wood, but they could see the wood in the plain below. av 8' lsge-ar l9: cp. El. 713 &&v as Ey OT4W07, po'os. O. T. 27, 'At the sametime.'
1. 421. IL'cravrEs, 'closing lips and eyes,' in order to avoid the dust.
1. 423. No reason is given why Antigone should have revisited thecorpse after once performing the rites of sepulture. The storm mighthave laid it bare, or she may have crept forth under cover of the dustcloud to see if any one had undone her work. Her courage in bravingthe storm contrasts with the conduct of the watchmen. rfLKpas, K.T.X.
69
ANTIGONE.
The gen. is descriptive; 'a shrill cry like the cry of a despairing bird;'cp. supra 114 .Evuctj XLdros n7EpVyL. rrLTLp&a, iTE raoexrs nLpi, soinfra I209 dhia .. Po oS.
11. 424, 25. KEVqS . . 6pav6v. The pleonasm marks the desolationof the nest.
1. 426. oi-r(o S Xa8a'Ti, the words resume rcaivWcvrEet.
1. 427. EK 8'.. 'p&ro. For the tmesis cp. infra 432, 110 7.
1. 430. E1Kpo'rfiov is like an Homeric epithet, applied to the pitcherof a princess. d"p8 v, K./. X. sc. EXovca, is a condensed expression likeTr. 976 0 .. iporrs, sc. &v.
1. 431. Cp. Od. II. 26-28 AciAp' ar',C, S Xods X.OEIov ary tv vEcv'E~ aL
7rpWTa yehtCpgirc, ierTEIretra 8E jit o0'vip I TpiTro avO' f'Sart.TE'IEL, because the libations lie in a circle round the corpse, Wecklein,
who compares orTavor in Eur. Cycl. 517 of the blood lying round thehead. The word is used in a similar sense, El. 53 T4Pov Aotiatrte IcaLMcapar6~orr XXtL8as aritavrEs. [' Inde in Choephoris 1. 93 ipsae xoa'dicuntur arrTE'pi quippe circumfusae sepulchro,' Ellendt.]
1. 432. crv. Cp. supra 85 and so Aj. 958, 1288.1. 436. &XX', supply a verb from KcOLcrra'ro. 'Her attitude was one
causing both pleasure and pain to me.'1. 439. XapZtv is perhaps epexegetic inf., (i) ' All these things are
naturally of less importance (o me that I should obtain them, than myown safety.' It is not however clear to what crriVTa raira refers in thisconstr. Perhaps, therefore, (2)' It is natural for me to take less accountof all this (i. e. of Antigone's misery) than of my own safety.' ForXa,3EY in this sense cp. Thuc. 2. 42. § 5 7 v ~i TW, aiv rilwv rwplayWOOEvorpav abr&vjW r AaJvTE9.
1. 441. <" 8&4, supply Xhyw. For a similar order of words cp. El.1445 r roTt, uai pivw.
1. 445. Cp. supra 400. The gen. aiTlas depends on fw, but mustbe supplied to sXEV'hepov.
1. 446. I~jKos, adverbial; cp. cbs rdIXos and the like.1. 447. ' Did you know the proclamation made that you should not do
this?' The art. in Ta' KlPUXO'1VT is peculiar, but may be used by Creonin speaking of his own edict, which he assumes to be universally known.It implies that he asks this question ic 7repovalas. L'[fiaa q7)pvXOEVTrahas been proposed by Cobet.]
1. 450. 'r&Se refers to Ira ipvXOETra supra.
1. 453. 'For they have established these laws (i. e. the laws which Iobey) among men.' The words echo Creon's TroO8E . . vobovr (449);For the mythology cp. O. C. 1381, 82 EiLrp ,Tav 7' wraalftarorT A ir
V'YFEpos Zrqyvb Cpxal'otI vpots. Here the words 7) eve8po, C.T.A. area sort of personification of the 'rights of Hades.' For the use of the
70
NOTES. ,LINES 424-477. 7I
word v6pov cp. Eur. Ion 443, 4 irws ovp 8&IaiLoovs v 6 LVpoE tas i poro70ypd7aavra aVTrobj dvoiLav thXOUaCEdvEy ; Others take ro'odB v6ovs of theedict of Creon, and continue the force of the negative. ' It was not Zeusor Dikd that appointed this law.' Others read TroLob'a . . ipltoaw.
1. 454. Cp. O. T. 865 foll. &do-aI, ' fixed and certain.' Cp. Lysias104. 9 ypagot v6pot taeO' ovs EbiLzoXrriat heryo0vJrat. 'Id est,' says
Lobeck, Aglaoph. p. 193, ' ex consuetudine et institutis majorum.' 0Oosr7e v6opos dypapos, Plato, Laws, 7. 793 A; cp. Thuc. 2. 43.1. 455. With OvrrSv supply oE, from T& a' ypapplaTa,' that you, a
mortal, should outrun.' Or rTvi, still alluding to Creon.
1. 456. vgv . . K&X04s, ' to-day or yesterday.' Cp. XOls na 7rpc'uvPlato, Laws, 3. 677 D:
1. 457. ' raTa, 'these (rda Tiv OEivO'6 vlta) are full of power.' Forthis force of iwc cp. O. T. 481 daL (0vra repslroTrat. 'avwi, 'cameinto being,' cp. Tr. i A6yo. . dpXa'or (pavls and O. C. 1225 inVEd av$.
11. 458, 59. 'rorcov. . r'lv Slqv, ' the punishment for these,' i. e. forthe transgression of these.
i. 460. 'r' 8' o; sc. P(y. Cp. supra 448. Antigone would depre-ciate the authority of Creon by pointing out that it is not the power oflife and death, but only the power of hastening death which he possesses.Cp. Scott, 'And come he slow or come he fast I It is but Death thatcomes at last.'
I. 462. fr'T=dTbr6.
1. 464. cjpE, ' obtains '-='perai, a common signification in Soph.
1. 466. rwap' o18sv, adverbial ; ' it is a grief of no account.'1. 467. (vaoX6rvlv, 'had endured,' sync. for vcaXdprly. ' Had I allowed
my mother's son, when dead, to lie an unburied corpse, that were a causeof grief.' Some read aX' 1Av. [Wecklein would reject 11. 465-468 onaccount of i 6ufjs /p7rp
6 s, and (vraXd6yqtv or aodryv. But in the firstAntigone is speaking as a woman (the O. T. was not yet), and though27vXd0iqv is difficult, the rest of the lines are satisfactory.]
1. 470. For aXE8 v -rt, ironically qualifying the expression, cp. El. 6o9XEI6dv 0 7rv objv oi icaat xbivw qwtLv. For the dat. i.&po cp. Eur.
Bacch. 854 7yE~wTa Erh7al'ots qOXEhv. Notice the repetition (A&p . twplav)as characteristic of Sophocles. This is not said out of mere defiance. Inthe absoluteness of Antigone's mood the judgment of Creon appears self-condemned, because opposed to the Eternal Laws.
1. 471. The order is 7rb -ivv ya 7-s wraLt&b) 6Xoi <Sv (bv) if ioypowaTrpds (yysvvmivov).
1. 474. ITL TELV Ft~LXrra, 'are the most certain to fall.'1. 475. ' porKEXl with brdTv, 'heated to exceeding hardness.'1. 477. ot8a. The transition to the first person denotes that this is an
experience on which Creon means to act.
ANTIGONE.
1. 478. 1xwrr'XeL = frL: the word does not occur elsewhere. Cp.VET'ycvro Hdt. I. 78.
1. 479. The sentiment seems to be general: ' Keep a man in slavery andhe cannot rebel:' though there is a coarse reference to Antigone whichbecomes explicit in the next line. Creon's ward is of course his slave.
1. 480. r6 re is explained by 67eppavov-cLa.1. 485. (i) ' If this authority is allowed to rest with her unchallenged.'
Icp r'T =Antigone's assumption of authority. For KICoT'aL cp. El. 361,362 cao Bi37rAovaia I TpairEa ceiaOw. Or (2) 'If this authority of mineis overthrown by her without punishment' taking ICicETraL in a commonmeaning, e.g. Arist. Nub. 126 cih' ob3' iyc& LjEVToL rEdj&v ysE i~CEodULpaL.
1. 486. *6iapovro'-ripc. The MS. reading 6pa povecrripas, if correct,is due to a burst of irrational temper.
1. 487. -oO Iravros.. Zivs PKEicovU= 'our whole family,' the presiding'numen' being placed for the thing held sacred. Cp. Pindar, 0. 8.
o20 Aar y veOliov. Zeus Herceius was the god in whose protection thewhole family lay. His altar stood in the court of the house: Od. 22.334 l;ivs pcLyapoLo ALdr IEyhaov TorT0 3 wrbv 'EpicdSov iCoLTO.
1. 489. ix6Pov, for the gen. cp. Phil. 1044 ris v'ov rE(pyy'vaL.1. 490. ro8s ... T'4ov, gen. with 'orov tyraottrTpa : povXEo'aw, epexeg.
inf. Sc. 6rdv& TarPov.1. 492. Cp. Aesch. Pr. V. 443 gvvov $Oipra ica? ppEvwv arp6A3Xovs.
11. 493, 94. ' It commonly happens that the spirit of those who areplotting some utter wickedness in secret is convicted of the occultguilt before the act.' 'p-irOuL KXorEl6s= ppOa, KhirTWv TL, 'in asecret act.'
1. 495. EV KKOi~C~rL, 'in trouble,' i. e. in the trouble which crime en-tails. Lines 493, 94 could only have reference to those who are disturbedby a consciousness of guilt, which was not the case with Antigone;hence, to meet both cases, Creon adds that 'he hates hypocrisy.'
1. 500. rq8' apeaOiELdq ro'rE, sc. 1b3yV T-rYv rwv aX.wy.
1. 502. Cp. O. C. 1410-12.1. 505 Xh'yovr' av. The passive form of expression avoids giving too
much prominence to the Chorus as persons.11. 50o6, 7. Antigone thinks the tyrant every way miserable, but most
for being able to carry out his will. Cp. Plato.1. 509. ir'hXXovo-L (iAXELw =' to move within limits,' 3bro- 'underneath ').
' move under restraint,' i. e. curb, restrain.1. 5 Io. r ̂ vS ... cpoveZs; ' if you hold a course divergent from them.'
The words have a political meaning; cp. supra 375 /#T' i'OV ppovwzv.Aesch. S. c. T. 1013 oid' alX v'voyas I E'ovo
' ar rov rvis' dvapxiav
1. 514. (1) 'Why do you honour a service which casts dishonour on
72
NOTES. LINES 478-55. 73him?' Or, possibly, (2) (Xiptv cogn. ace.) ' Why do you pay the one anhonorable service which dishonours the other ?'
1 5.515. Ka6 avCv vEKvs, i.e. Eteocles. For the fulness of expressionep. supra 26.
1. 517. 80oXos. Only a slave would be cast out to such burial asCreon proclaimed for Polynices.
1. 518. rropO<^v, sc. &ikro.1. 519. -roais v6Los roTovus, 'these laws which I have observed.'
Cp. supra 452. Others read aovs, which perhaps arose from the nextline.
1. 520. Granting that these laws are required in Hades, they are notrequired without respect of evil and good.
1. 521. ' Who can tell if this (the burial of Polynices) be not accountedpious in the under-world ?' 7s otSEv 4t, nearly = ' Haud scio an.' Creonin his reply entrenches himself behind ordinary Greek morality.
1. 523. This noble line gives a glimpse of what is deepest in Antigone.11. 528 foll. 'The cloud upon her brow, moistening her fair cheeks, is
marring her flushed face.'1. 531. 'Who, having slipped in like a snake, drain my life's blood in
my house;' the sentence is then broken by the parenthesis o' . .Op6vov, and resumed in ip' ELITE K. T. X. KCT' OKovS, while Antigonewas rebellious out of doors.
1. 532. 4 'rLVEs. Cp. Tr. 1054, 5 'opE vvoo0v^v bIc a' XXwphv aT'
piov lrrrwcv. El. 785, 6 ToVbOv EniCvovo ' dEL ad X7iX aIpaTov aftya.1. 533. ora Krravro-io&ELs, abstract for concrete. Cp. O. T. I.1. 536. 4S8pcKa- ro6pyov. Ismene fears that she will meet with re-
jection now as she rejected Antigone before (cp. supra 65 foill.), and there-fore adds eLbr~Tp q8' 6
joppo0EL, as pleading to be made an accompliceafter the fact.
1. 537. irs ctlcas is directly dependent on avpJcEriaXw, as the moreimportant word.
1. 540. O p L Xovv, 'fellow-voyager,' a Greek metaphor for 'com-panion.'
1. 544- &TL'o-'s: cp. El. 1214, where Electra, when requested to putdown the urn containing her brother's ashes, as having no share in it,exclaims, o'rws T 0d sTL ElpiL 70-o -rEOv'yrcTor;
1. 546. KOLYd: cp. Aj. 577 T \ 8' AXNa rv'eX77 tcov' /Apos rr5Erat. ForjI.l in 8lS' & i - '0LyEs cp. O. C. 1641. It implies that the particularprohibition rests on a general principle.
1. 548. ooO EXEXCLXE'V,, ' left behind thee,' almost =' deprived of thee.'
1. 549. rol08s ydp cr- KTS9ECpv , 'he has your care and duty.' Ismenehas made Creon of more importance than her brother.
1. 55. E551L E yEor' iv crmo yehiX: d1=1id. Antigone repeats Ismene's
74 ANTIGONE.
meaning with added bitterness, obdtv cbpEXovy/47' being changed intoahyovoa H8ra. ' It is indeed with pain, though I do laugh at thee.' Cp.Eur. Or. 484. [On the construction yEX&ra -yEX-v cp. the notes ofAmeis, on Od. 8. 50 (Anh.), Bekker, Hornm. BlItter, who has collecteda large number of examples, and Sandys, Demosth. 45. § 85. As a rulean adjective is required with the substahtive, but this is not necessarywhen the combination of verb and substantive is intended to express ahabit, or give emphasis, e.g. Od. 6. 61 8ovXhs ovhXEVLv, 9. 54 rT77-apEVot AIXovrTO PCiX9)V, 9. 217 kd~IEve volvy KdCra miova jiXa.]
1. 552. &XX& vOv. The order of words gives increased force to vi^v:cp. O.C. 1276 ELtpdcarT' a'CX X t/ LEc yE.
1. 554. K&LIrXgWKw, 'am I, then, to miss?' xa connects adprX icw withthe preceding verb, i. e. i abowrw avri cl tca arrbdrice; cp. Aj. 462 JaiWroov bo'Aa, ec. 7. X.
1. 556. These words are supposed to mean, (I) ' But not without myhaving spoken,' (2) ' Nay! but according to those words of mine whichwere not spoken.' The first explanation is preferable. It can moreeasily be connected with the context which follows, in which icaXhsao'i EIdicers poverY must refer to words of Ismene which were actuallyspoken. ['Might I unsay my words, this were not so,' Whitelaw, butnr' dppTro0E can hardly be made to bear this meaning.]
1. 557. -rois, 'to these,' i. e. to Creon. The meaning is that Ismenethought of pleasing Creon, Antigone of pleasing the dead. The inversiongives a sarcastic emphasis.1. 559. 0&po-TE. <raO iEv 9s. Antigone-speaks ironically. Ismene was
anxious to avoid death, and she has succeeded in doing it; Antigone hadlong bidden farewell to life on condition of aiding the dead.
1. 560. Notice the dat. with AjsXEtv, a construction not found else-where in Sophocles, though it occurs several times in Aeschylus.
1. 561. For the form of the sentence cp. supra 21 foll. Tb ca -yv77Tw.. Irby v.. rv i. r v i iv, Ismene; rlv 84, Antigone. 'r& 'rp&r',adverbial.
11. 563, 4. 'The unfortunate do not retain the reason which is bornwith them, but lose it in distraction.'
1. 565. Creon echoes Ismene's caicgr rpdaoovorv with a slight dif-ference. For 7rp(rUELv iKatca is not merely' to fare ill,' but 'to get intomischief,' 'to involve oneself in trouble.'
1. 567. 'Se.. The word is out of construction. 'Don't say "thismaiden ".' Cp. Plato, Theaet. 164 B 'b ad yE o X
6pa, oV'IC EI'nTrala
IrLJV, ELdrEp icai T o'p EITUTaa.
1. 569. For the metaphor cp. O. T. 1211, 1257.
1. 570. ' Not as there was harmony of love between him and her.'1. 571. The plural generalizes the expression.
NOTES.~ LINES 552-593. 75
1. 572. The MSS. give this line and 11. 574, 576 to Ismene, butmost edd. have followed Aldus and Boeckh in transferring 572 toAntigone, to whom alone ,rd arv XEXos in the next line could have aforcible reference, and the others to the Chorus. [But (I) it is at leaststrange that Antigone should descend from the high tone of 559, 560 inwhich she has renounced the living world; (2) 574 is not a mere repeti-tion of 568; it puts in a far more forcible way the wrong done toHaemon; (3) 576 is the language of despair in which Ismene puts thequestion of her sister's death with marked plainness to Creon.] &'-rLJ.tL,
i. e. by assuming that he would cherish love for a tcaic' yvf.1. 575. Creon implies that the matter has passed out of his power;
hence i v in the aorist, as if it were a thing of the past.1. 577. KaL roL ye K4&OLC, sc. koy/Pva. Creon here KIOtCOIAEt 7T7v
56av: i.e. 6pO0s B oEL 7tot TEp iW Lv lOi B 1AEOyiWY. With rpLP&s
supply 7TOLd'O0E.
1. 578. ' Henceforth these must be women, and not be allowed to goat large.' For the purposely harsh expression (yvvaF)cas EaaY, T 70ral
yyvvateft rpoorucovra ardTXELV) cp. supra 484. For the seclusion of Greekwomen cp. Xen. Oecon. cc. 7-Io. Creon does not think of carryingout his intention immediately.
11. 582-630. Second Stasimon. This chorus forms a striking contrastto the last. There the invenitiveness and power of man is celebrated;here he is shown to be the sport of Fate, and wholly subject to Zeus.In a similar way the last chorus of the play, 11. I I5 foll., contrastswith the thanksgiving in the first (11. Ioo foll.).
1. 582. Strophe a'. ' Blessed are those whose life is without taste ofcalamity.' The thought of the persistence of calamity occupies thechorus to line 603. With KaKwV dyEUa-ros cp. El. 36 dialcov dawi'5v :the genitive denotes that in respect of which there is privation.
1. 585. XdELreL, ' fails.' yevec^&s E'L ,'rOos 'pwov, 'creeping on tothe fulness of the race,' i. e. to the last generation of the race and alsoto all members of it.
11. 586 foll, 'Like as when a wave courseth over the darkening deepbefore tempestuous blasts from Thrace, blowing across the sea.' Forthe dat. in wrvocts cp. supra 335: and for the collocation Svbirv6oLSITvoals cp. supra 502 0hXos .. EbVcE Tarcpov. The accumulation ofadjectives is characteristic of Sophocles. Cp. 1204.
11. 590, I. KE aaLVV kav L 8vlvavELov, ' black and tempestuous.' For theorder cp. Aesch. Ag. 63 foll. roAhh& raXaipt7Iara Ka 'yvoap. Bvo'-a-VeOV,'sign of tempest,' because only seen when the wind has been blowinghard on shore.
11. 593 foll. Antistrophe a'. 'From of old I see the calamities of thehouse of Labdacus accumulating on the calamities of those that are
76 ANTIGONE.
gone; nor does one generation free another, but some god casts themdown, and there is no hope of redemption.' See Aesch. Cho. 402.
pXat is a supplementary predicate, placed first in order to give promi-nence to the notion, and also to connect what follows with the state-ment in 1. 585. For the middle voice of 6pc^ cp. Tr. 306 6pcrwi1vy, El.io6o laopdLvot, and the lexx. For remarkable uses of the middle voicein Sophocles cp. E'raLrTELTa El. 1124, ro0ovu/va Tr. I03, L7poLdeVOvAj. 5, 7rpv iyE- raL El. 1384.
1. 596. IAraXX&cre~L, cp. supra 244, 400.1. 597-. XeL X6y. The phrase is impersonal. Cp. O. C. 545 i'XEL i
poL . . 7rpos 5iras T. 'Nor does the case admit of redemption.'11. 599 foll. 'For now there was a radiance spread over the last
root in the house of Oedipus-it the blood-stained earth sacred tothe gods below is sweeping away, and folly of speech, and frenzy ofspirit.'
1, 600. *&r,'wro. Cp. Phil. 831 alvyXav, & rraETraL avp. Od. 6. 44a'LOpr I [ W;rarat dvipEXos XEvic 5' in'r-spo8Epo a'iyhr. The radiance isthe youth and bright hope of Antigone.
1. 6o0. VLV= P51av. The asyndeton is noticeable, but is perhaps ex-cused by the energy of the language. Some read 8 ri7aro.
1. 602. &p, 'covers.' KCLTa- is separated from the verb by tmesis, andKarapitv is to 'cover over by sweeping together.' For a curious exten-sion of a somewhat similar expression cp. Hdt. I. 189 where avcp4oar isused of a river 'swallowing up' a horse. K6VLS is the dust which Anti-gone has scattered on the body of Polynices, which, by a bold figure,is said to sweep her into the grave, because this action is the cause ofher death. The thought is expanded in Xdyov 7' tivota ica ' ppEvwv 'Epwvds.[Others read coiri. This, however, introduces a metaphor which hasno bearing on the circumstances of the case and jars with 1. 603.] (owais at once 'associated with death' and 'causing death.'
11. 604 foll. Strophe /'. The Chorus are led by the swift retributionwhich has overtaken Antigone to dwell on the power of Zeus, theguardian of all moral law, and on the certainty of vengeance. Thespectator feels that this applies rather to the action of Creon.
1. 604 . . Cs. .K Tr&Oot ; The energy of the mood and the interroga-tive make up for the omission of av. Cp. Aesch. Cho. 585 (quoted onsupra 332).
1. 6o6. 'Sleep which brings age to all.' Cp. 11. 14. 247, where Sleepsays that he can subdue all besides, Zv7Y 8' obic &v i'ycey Kpoviovos aoraov
ICOLItrlOv ob5E kaTEvvhat1c', Tb'r t afirds y E ICEX{Io. With the meaningcp. O T. 870, I, where Sleep and Age are also joined.
1. 607. Oeiuiv, is added as a sort of epithet = 'divine.' Cp. supra 369.Phil. 306 iv i ,alcpal .. advOpc rwv XP
6yw. Usually, Zeus is the orderer
NOTES.' LINES 596-633- 77
of time; cp. Il1. 2. 134 AOs /AElc'Xov ivtavro: but here the existence oftime seems attiributed to the gods generally.
1. 6o8. &y-ipct Xp6vw. The dative seems to denote a space of time, asin O. C. 1321 7-7s rp
6 EV d831grs XPO6V, Phil. 715 6EKICTE XpoVy.
Compare the Homeric 7 .p XELEePplYP, 'in the season of winter.'1. 609. K rcvXELs, i. e. a, i Zei. 'OM lrou. . a'yXav, cp. I. I. 532
aLyX'yEVTor 'OXV4Arov. There is an approach to the Homeric concep-tion of Olympus here, whereas the word in Sophocles is usually a vagueexpression for heaven. Cp. O. C. 1655.
11. 6I foll. 'Through the coming time, and the far future, this law(i. e. the sovereignty of Zeus) will last, (as it has lasted) through all pasttime, coming to mortals as a law comprising every city, in no way avoid-ing calamity.' v6bos w r4drokLs is a law of universal application holdinggood in every city. EKTOS ' aS, 'so as to be outside calamity;' i. e.in its unswerving course it is ever bringing down calamity. Cp. supra
445 wo fpapElar allTias, infra 1318.
1. 615. Antistrophe B'. 'Hope is indeed a blessing, but it is also adelusion, for God leads men astray, to their ruin.' rroXkrrXay Tos,'widely roving.' There seems to be no certain instance of a transitiveuse of this word = 'much-deceiving,' and this meaning would be lessforcible with drciTa following in 1. 617.
1. 6I7. T&r~ L .. EWPTyWV, 'a deception arising from desires.'1. 618. ' It comes to him all at unawares.' o8r'v with E~Ibrt : to 'prd,
an indefinite subject must be supplied, as in 597 obC' fXeL XVILY.
1. 620. Cp. Aesch. Pr. V. 887 foll. op!s, i aop(h lr, /c.,.., Tr. I.'With wisdom was a famous word uttered by one.' There does notseem to be any definite reference, though, like many another old saw,this maxim is to be found in Theognis (401 ff.).
1. 622. For the meaning cp. Aesch. Frag. 151 (N) OEbs /Eiv airiav <dELISporoLS J b'-al itaxo'at &0ipca wanrij~v OXlp. Pers. 93 ff.
1. 625. 6XLyoo-ry. This appears to mean ' a time that is one of few'and thus ' that comes rarely.' In Ar. Pax 559 we find rooXXo r4 Xpdo'cwhere the meaning seems to require roX. Xpo'v,. Some edd. 6XiytaTov.Xp
6vov, acc. of time; cp. supra 415 Xp vov ni6' (v roaoTov.
1. 629. riXLos. The word is probably of Semitic origin.1. 630. &-rw&ms, gen. of the cause or reason. Notice the Doric form in
anapaests, and cp. supra Iio0 y, 113 yav.11. 631-780. Third Epeisodion. Haemon enters. (Creon has appar-
ently remained oni the -stage during the chorus.) Father and son speakof the act and punishment of Antigone; a quarrel rises and Haemonleaves the stage in fury.
1. 633. 'ris kLEXXov44jov is an objective gen. with qOpov = 'my voteconcerning.' AXvo-aLwv (from AX5raa) does not occur elsewhere.
ANTIGONE.
1. 634. T as if ## had not gone before. 'Art thou come angry? or2'Though by the form of the question Creon assumes that Haemon is notangry, he nevertheless puts the alternative.
1. 636. dropolis, supply AC.11. 637, 8. ' To me no marriage can justly be deemed a worthier prize
than thy good guidance.' &CUws is rendered more prominent by theposition. For IEL'9wv= T7ltiTErpos cp. O. T. 772 7~- *ydp &Pv cai IAEdovt ;4pE'pecrtc is middle, 'for me to carry off.'
1. 639. oirC . .8tL crripvcv EXELV, 'to feel thus . . throughout your
breast,' 'to be thoroughly imbued with this.'1. 640. dvr', 'in everything.'1. 643. 'Fov JX0p0v &vrauvwovrat, 'may repay their father's enemy.'
The nom. to CdwVTaP~voWTaL is to be supplied from *yov's (641).1. 646. A .. XXo; ' What else would you say that he did but just
beget ?' etc. xAXo is not to be confined to 40caL, but a word of moregeneral meaning (e.g. roijeat) must be supplied. Cp. Thuc. 3.39 7
i dXoOVTroL i 7TEV3eohAvadv TE xeaI EtravrTP av 77aY l ov 7)c aa7rTUaav; supr. 322.
1. 648. 4pvas *y'. y', if right, strengthens ppivas. 'Don't let yourjudgment be overcome, whatever else you give up.' Cp. infra 683'iarp, Oeot qd ovatv dvCOpc'rots ppdvaa.
1. 650. vXpov rrapaYKaXLorcrLa. Abstract for concrete. The wordsyvv, . . 86jpos are added in explanation, hence the asyndeton. Cp. Tr.
540 brayd Atola.1. 654. It is doubtful whether we should arrange the words ix0.s
,riv8e rLV' vvJ svELV, ' leave this maiden for some one to wed,' or joinValEELV' rLVL =' to be bride to some one.' The first implies more con-tempt for Antigone, but the second is more obvious and is confirmed byinfra 816. Cp. Eur. El. 1144.
1. 658. aXXh KTEVw. Notice the metrical effect of the two detachedfeet. 4 4vvdiro: there is something scornful conveyed by the word.Cp. infra I305. A(a u 'vaLov: a similar expression of contempt forthe Zeus of kinship is given above 487.
1. 659. 'If I fail to bring up in order those akin to me, most surely Ishall fail with those who are not akin.' Add dbco'Epovs Op2wc to robs 'cow
yivotls.1. 661. Ev rois . . oIKEotrLV, 'in home matters.' Creon seems to feel
that his defiance of Zeus dv'vatloq requires justification, and commencesa series of general remarks with this view. Good order must 'beginat home.' The law of kindred does not justify anarchy among kinsmen.Creon urges the demands of the state against the family, as Antigonehas urged the family against the state.
1. 663. Strictly iirEpa&s goes with the first alternative, and not equallywith both.
78
NOTES., LINES 634-687.
1. 664. TroU TrdL'or-LVw. For the art. and infin. cp. supra 78, etc.Disobedience according to Creon is the inversion of command; cp. supra485 TavTra.. T?,E ICETEraz icpa r7.
11. 665, 6. 8ophs .. XELIwL. For the metaphor cp. El. 733 l#civv'fnTrov iv aLow KicV/ucwv ov.
1. 666. lo-TcOeae. The optative is used as in a general supposition;cp. O. T. 979 b'rrws avyacr6 rs.
1. 667. ra'vavrca. The form of expression is chosen to avoid the directmention of ra' pey'Xa I/ai'&uca.
1. 668. 'roV'ov, i. e. the man who obeys his ruler in the manner men-tioned. Such a man would be excellent in every relation; a good ruler,a good subject (as has been said) and a good soldier.
1. 671. 8LKCLOV, 'loyal,' cp. supra 292 Xdpov &acaics ETXov.
1. 673. aVT IfrXELS r' oAKvo-w. There is nothing to answer to r'(unless 48' is read in the next line for j'), so that the sentence is ananacoluthon.
1. 674. ouvv pcX 8op6s, ' aiding the battle of the spear.' The gen. isdescriptive. A 'battle of the spear' would of course be hand to hand.For c<rov cp. supra 172.
1. 675. T'poWr&s KCLappIyvu0TL.' breaks the vanquished into rout.' Theacc. is cognate. -rav 8' 6pOov givov, ' those who are not broken down.'The metaphor is continued.
1. 677. Cev'4 '. Examples of the use of verbals in the plural aregiven in abundance by Mr. Blaydes. The fact that the plural occursin prose authors, and in places in poetry where it is not required for themetre (e. g. 678), shows that the change from the singular to the pluralwas in common use through the language. Toit KOO OUPEVOLs, (I) neuter'the cause of order,' cp. supra 661 -ro, OlCElowtanr, Dem. 462. 5 -robsEvoYvs ro, al 0arETWroL: (2) masc. ' the orderly citizens;' cp. supra 675Trv 8' 6p0ovIAvyv, Aj. 1103 TO'rdvE IoL7Cat.
1. 679. Ei7Oci-ELV, i.e. Op6Vwv, ' to be thrown from office and authority;'cp. Aesch. Pr. V. 912 nv i'K777rvCv ~pro T ra771/aV Op6c'v.
1. 681. Ta Xp6vcp KE KX FREOa, ' unless we are deceived by time.' Forthis sense of fcArTELV cp. Eur. Tro. 677 obi ic M roIcat pivar.
1. 685. 'Sws.. F, Kr.X. The fph is an extension of the use of Yj inrelative clauses-a favourite use in Sophocles; cp. vOa u' El. 436, barTLs
tI Aj. 761, supra 546. Here the following &v and tI7r E7TIUrTaiCLrLv mayhave had some influence on the negative: cp. El. 1259 o0 /A7 'oart icapusJ 7 a pa'Piv
Bo6Xov X yzEYv.
1. 686. 'I could not say, and may I never know how to say.'1. 687. Perhaps, rb A-yeav (i5rcws ab o p Xyets 6pes& 7 i ) should be
supplied with KaAks EXov, and the meaning is, ' though I cannot say this,yet for another it would be fitting.' The son may not criticise the father,
79
80 ANTIGONE.
yet criticism from others may be allowable. 'In this case aL belongs tothe whole clause. Otherwise, ' Another may have right on his side.'
1. 688. ooO, the gen. depends on ;rpocrKo Wetv. The connection is,'Others criticise you, but I do not, still I am naturally the person tohear what they say and tell you of it.'
1. 691. hyotLs r0TLOUTOtS: cp. supra 391 dreitiathL, where there is asimilar attraction arising from the relative clause, though the dativemay be explained as a dative of occasion. Cp. Eur. Or. 461 (al&tcs /'
EXL) . . . 7otv O L pyaop l voqs. [iv hdyoLs roLobiotS b'v T Schol. Theparticiple may be spared, but the preposition well represents the con-nection. Cp. for vague use of the dative, 0. C. 880 rors 7ro & caiois XiWIpaxi' vYtLC Al3yov.l
1. 693. Here again the action of the play must be supposed to behighly condensed; and the time in which the murmurs over Antigone'sdeath have been spoken and heard is compressed into the space of asingle chorus. Cp. supra 253.
1. 697. arv'Er'r' ceanirov, 'lying unburied.'1. 698. Mo-0at, 'to perish,' in the sense of being consumed and
mangled. To the common apprehension the corpse was still theman.
1. 699. This line is added as if the preceding clause had been arelative without an antecedent to it, and not dependent on p018v (1. 695).
1. 701. <ro) irpadoaovros eTvX s: cp. supra 638 croi iaX& S-yov-ivov.
1. 704. rpSs wrral8ov. The prep. with the gen. implies agency, 'renownproceeding from children.' These words contain, an additional argu-ment, because the death of Antigone was the ruin of Haemon, and thiscould not but affect Creon.
1. 705. E'v cavurg 4~6 p , 'carry about in your breast.'1. 706. os ks ai = 'what you say,' is taken up with Tovro. In
Greek the adverb of manner is often substituted for the accusative, e. g.rr ipj; So xacr, E, ,TOlelT, 7rwa'XELv , etc.
1. 709. TroTL. The plural takes up the indefinite relative b'orts, whichapplies to three classes of persons (<ppovEiv, yXchrav, tvXsV). For theexact converse cp. infra 1166, 7.
1. 710. Observe the close connection of xavev4vev with r6AX' in thenext line. KEL LS s ob6s. For d followed by subj. cp. O. T. 874,O. C. 1443.
1. 711. ra 1 p9 -rECVELV ycav, ' not to be too obstinate.'1. 713. There is a marked opposition between KXWvas, ' the tips of the
branches,' and au'br6zrpcqva, 'root and branch.' ic in i KOU GTLL per-haps ' even.' But compounds with ib are largely used in Sophocles;and sometimes with little distinction of meaning between the compound
NOTES. LINES 688-732. 8
and simple verb, e. g. &[Ep& and ip&. The verb is middle, =' saves itsown branches.
1. 715. va's yKparij 'br68ac, 'the sheet which has power over thevessel.'
1. 717. orrph\Cs, sc. T' irXot'ov. ,rb Xot6
v, 'for the rest of the voyage.'
1. 718. ' But relent inyour mind and allow a change.' Ovplx is to betaken with EtIK, not immediately =' yield to your temper,' but as denotingthe sphere within which the change takes place. There is probably afalse echo of Il. 9. 598 eL'a 4 Ovyp@, which however means 'yielding tothe bidding of his heart.' [Compare the Homeric phrase E0E'LEV X hov(IL I. 283), which is=' to let your anger pass away.' The passion in thepresent case is compared to a wind; Creon is not to draw his sail tootightly or he will share the fate of the sailor who does not allow for theforce of the wind.]
1. 719. K&ir'= ia2 ded.
1. 720. rrpGpeeLVw. The middle voice of this verb is more commonin the metaphorical sense; cp. Aesch. Cho. 631 Kaoiwv 6i TPEapEdEVTat rT
Avutov 'Ayq.1. 721. 'Ivrw' rrT~' s, 'of knowledge in all things.' rdvr' is the
acc. with the verbal notion in imLeripjL y. Cp. O. C. 1514 ati oX&a
fSpovra Ota7 EEs.
1. 722. El 8' ov, K.T.X., ' but if, as is usual-for it usually happensthat the balance sinks in the other direction.' The sequence of thoughtis: <i071' EYCyE . . WTAkV, TOVTO BAE 01 <pXL To in /ETELV, l 8' oiav ('crtV,
s <ptIXEL Ehdat) CaXobv /aL r7v EV Xesydr'y-v r.T.. There is no ellipse of
y', but the clause which contains the ground of the hypothesis is placedafter it, instead of before it.
1. 726. 8Lc6 p Eo O. The mtddle future for passive; cp. supra 2io.
1. 727. rqv Vkryv implies nature as well as years, 'so juvenile;' cp.O. C. 734, El. 1023.
1. 728. pxq8v 'ro 94v 8amQLOV, i. e. pyl'y Wraoadov 8 pg Blcativ Earip.
Cp. supra 360 ob0v. . To' Xov, or rather perhaps aIU'v is adverbial:' By no means, if not what is just.' EL=E, as above 551 el ,'y'wr' ii
1. 729. 'rdpya is almost =' duty,' the plural of 'pyov in the sense of awork which a man has to do; and so it is repeated in the singular inthe next line, ' Is it a part of your duty?' Thus the word equally with'rev Xpdvov applies to Haemon: 'My age is not to be considered morethan my duty (and it is my duty to tell my father what is said).'
1. 731. o6S, i. e. obe Fkrt, ob' 0av, e..A.1. 732. v6o'r = aA. vdoor is used widely in Sophocles for mental
pain or delusion, and for misfortune generally, no less than bodily.disease; cp infra I142, Aesch. Pr. V. 225.
G
ANTIGONE.
1. 733. 68p6r oXLs, ' who make up one city with us '-our fellow-citizens. Hence Creon's reply.
1. 736. AXXcp 'pot, 'in the interests of another than myself.' Aj. 1045MEVE'Aaor, 4 58) 7vVe 7TXOV E'oTrehaLEY, Plato, Menex. 246 E di'Acp 6
otoLroVTOS XOVrEd, obx EavT^.
1. 738. 'Is not the city counted a possession of the ruler ?' For thegen., cp. O. C. 38 701) OEW vojA'Era ; ib. 107, pEyios' IlaXXd&os ica.od-
.Evat .r.T.A.
1. 739. ' You would be a splendid ruler-alone in a desert.'1. 741. For the gen. cp. supra 688.1. 742. With SL' 8Krls cp. O. T. 344 Ov1oA
° Bt' apyis, Aesch. Pr.V. 1213
L' brExOdar XaOideO', c.T.A., Eur. Androm. 174 &c q6vov .. Xcpo0aU.[Another reading is & 7rai laiIcaUrE.]
11. 743 foll. Notice the bitter repetition of words in the dialogue here,I4ajaprivove', api-aprice: a4cv, E'1es: icr-Epov, fjiac : icd7rat7rEtv,
doTELX? : ICEVair, ICEVO5.
1. 745. aE'pELs is used absolutely in a general sense, ' it is not reverence.'etc.
1. 748. Creon refuses to distinguish between r-dv aitaXpwv and Antigone.1. 75 . T LV&. The word is purposely indefinite. It may be intended by
Haemon either as a warning to Creon of the natural consequences ofsuch an act, or an intimation of his own intention of suicide. Theformer seems preferable. Cp. Aesch. Ag. 456 apaa ' dor&v pqr abvy
rCOT(., BytpoXcpuarov 8' apaS rTiVEL XpEo. Choeph. 59 4odELatL 8~ TL.
1. 752. ' Dost thou go so far in boldness as to threaten ?' Prolepticuse of the participle, cp. Aj. 184, 5.
I. 753. KEv&s: cp. O. C. 931 7yEovO' tIo9 riOv T10L Xa 70ro0 vo cEVOYV,.
For 'rs= M& s cp. O. C. 775 IairoLt is dTIjr rpI'pL ; Haemon means thatthere is no ' threat' in pointing out the consequences of foolish resolu-tions and trying to check them.
1. 756. 8oXEv La. For the neuter cp. supra 320 XCaiAXpa. K1'TL\
expresses Creon's impatience at Haemon's refinement, el l YraT'p aO'.He wishes to bear n'B more of it, for Haemon is only Antigone's slave.
1. 758. For the acc. 'v6' "OX vlvrov cp. O. T. 1087 ob itv vOh'vIprov.1. 759. iri a6yoLrL, ' in addition to reproaches,' or perhaps 'with
continual reproaches,' like rri scw1iT V El. o8, i'T badicpvL al yooLtl•Eur. Tro. 3 16.
1. 763. 0o0' "'8 .. cr -re. By being placed coordinately the clausesare brought into sharper contrast.
1, 764. Observe the passionate redundancy, rrpoo6tljL .. .v 6 0aXIol s.opdv.
i. 765. 'That you may exhibit your frenzy to those of your friends whocan bear it.' With 04Aoves supply oc aLtvoh vvEfiat, Cp. infra io88.
82
NOTES. LINES 733-784.
1. 767. vows .. q~XhLKo1'ros, 'at his years the mind,' etc. vo~s refers tomental purpose, and the notion is repeated in qpovErTw.
1. 768. 'Let his acts and conceptions be more than human.'1. 769. rd .. 'rs. .. 770, al'r&. Cobet, Nov. Lect. p. 695: 'Satis
constat in duali numero triplicis generis unam et eandem formam esse inarticulo pronominibus, adjectivis et participiis; Graeculis et librariisomnibus ea res ignota fuit; itaque passim temere antiquas et verissimasscripturas suo arbitratu depravarunt.' Here the MS. reads 7& 8' (rdc)7Fa .. aiTrd, supra 561 we have ro iratar c-ie. In O. C. 1113, where thetexts read S(pivre, the MS. has E1/ rTE corr. ippad, with a gloss dvrtriw EC/ApUat. We have masculine participles (of women) in O. C. 167618vrTE IIcac aaov' a, El. 980 acQ eta5oavrE, 1oo2 rrpciroovTr , O. T. 1472 T70L'
pot /ipXolv Baipvppoovvroev. Cp. Dindorf on O. C. I 13.1. 771. oO 'riv yE Ir1p OLyoGo'aL, sc. vow tcararaEpaLt.
1. 773. (I) 'Leading her where there is no track of human footstep.'The privative i'prnor has the force of a negative. Cp. Aj. 640 bICTstuh~X. It was a Greek superstition to expose those devoted to a god
in waste places, in order that the god might visit them without injuringothers. So Io in Aesch. Pr. V. 666 is driven out,
6 -Erov d Aa0at 7 ys yir'icXaTo01S0 potS. For the feeling of desolation which this line suggests cp.Phil. 487 XOp
- dvOpdnrw v ri3ov. Or (2) join PtipPor porT^.
1. 775. (Ls dyos pi6vov, 'as to be an expiation' rooro v IA'Pov, boov'yos TvaL. ayos = 'expiation.'
1. 777 r bv "ALS8v. The article seems to be added sarcastically, ' herHades.'
1. 778. Tro v Oavetv. The ace. after rei~eraL is perhaps excused by theinfinitive, rb OavV = OavEr. TEreErat could have been used absolutely='she will obtain her request,' and then rb j/ 0avYEIt added epexegetically-' in the matter of not dying.'
1. 779. &Xd ' VLKac0' , cp. adxa vi^v supra 552.
1. 780. wrepLabrs, ' bootless ;' cp. Aesch. Pr. V. 383 Iox 03v rrptsaoudi.
11. 781-79o0. Third Stasimon. Strophe a'. The disobedience of Haemonis due to the influence of love, whose power is universal and irresistibleby gods or men. "EpCos VFca're IL&Xav, cp. Tr. 441, 2 'EpCUWT. . 00-Tns
davavior'ras ] rIT's 6rYs 's XEzpar, otc 3pO&r 4povr.
1. 782. 's iv KLc(aLL 'rTTrrELs. The most probable interpretation of
these words is, ' who fallest upon wealth,' i. e. ' who art the destroyer ofpossessions.' Others translate =' who attackest thy slaves,' i. e. ' whoby attacking enslavest,' taking 7Ta5raaL in a proleptic sense. But thetheme of this ode is not merely 'love the victorious,' but 'love thedestroyer.'
1. 784. ivvvXEGJ s. As in, i., rlIinEs, Love is figured as an enemy,'he keeps nightly watch on a maiden's cheek,' to surprise his foe.
G Z
83
ANTIGONE.-44
1. 785. The distant spaces of sea and the seclusion of mountainvalleys do not place men beyond the reach of love's power. The poethas various old legends in his thoughts. For &ypovb'oLs abriats cp.
OypovootL wrhiCes in O. T. 1103. In Od. 6. 196 we have the word in adifferent sense, v ~uppa dypovdot being ' nymphs which haunt the wilds.'' Huts on the pastures,' rather than ' inhabited in the fields.'
1. 786. ar' is to be taken with 4-g Los. Cp. Aesch. Pr. V. 904 7r6Xn/or
airopa ropltpo. It is doubtful whether &0av&ryov is to be taken directlywith oirsis or with 47rr to be supplied from the line following.
1. 79 o. aw', with this use of the preposition cp. Plato, Rep. 3, 406 Cti.. Eri . . Trv qyutovpy^Y aloOavodEOa. 'Quantum hominum genuspropagatum extenditur,' Ellendt.
11. 791-800. Antistrophe a'. 'Love is the ruin of noble minds andstirs up strife among kindred. He is mighty as the mightiest ordinance.For Aphrodite is invincible.'
11. 791. &Q8wovs .. rrapcrios, ' drawest over to injustice.' The adj. isproleptic, cp. O. C. 1200 7r&v 1w da'pICrCwv Al~ApdrTWV TTLI&AEVOS.
1. 792. aZw 'X 43;, ' to their ruinous harm.'
1. 794. Jvvatpov, which properly belongs to dvaphzv, is by hypallagemade to agree with vEi^or. Cp. O. T. 1375, 6 dAAX' 7 w7E'VoIW 57T' 65beiv q otepo I 8Xaoroa"' 6 ows isBAao'rE, infra 862 pa'rp@at AX'rpcWV dral.
11. 795, 6. 'Desire issuing from the eyes of the fair bride is clearlyvictorious.' The ancients regarded 'IJpos as arising from the belovedobject rather than as directed to it.
1. 796. tw'rpe8pos Ev apyxacs, 'Assessor in the counsels of the greatwith the majesty of law;' i. e. Love has equal authority in the minds ofprinces with civic law. The words refer to Haemon. [7raipEcpos bv apXats
(u.U..--) corresponds to nipti/os ob~lis (-,--); see critical note.]11. 801-5. Antigone is now brought on the scene to be led away to her
tomb. At the. sight of her the Chorus feel themselves 'carried beyondthe sovereignty of law,' i. e. they cannot but lament the severity of thesentence.
1. 804. lrLaymKOTrav.. OpXapov. This expression has a special signifi-cance in relation to Antigone's intended nuptials. The marriage will becelebrated in that bridal chamber which all enter.
1. 805. idvirTovurav, 'drawing near to.' The entrance of Antigone isa step towards the grave. For the ace. El. 1349, Eur. Med. 6.
11. 806-942. xdcp.os. . jsas. Antigone laments her doom and theChorus reply. Then Antigone makes a parting speech and is led away.
1. 808. vaT-rov has the force of an adverb =' for the last time,' but isprobably an adj. agreeing with PEyyor. Cp., however, 0. C. 1549, 50 9Lpcr d 7Eyy -1y', 7rp0aO ro5 o' TOT' iLV cr '/1V, IV ' i6rao i OiiO irrmra7
/1O7s.
NOTES. LINES 785-836. 85
1. 810. Kovir0OT' ax0Ls, sc. 6O'O/at E' yyo3 CEXiov.
11. 811, 12. 'AXEpovros cKTrv. For the acc. loci cp. Il. 21. 40 ial r77fp /je AI vov irE'ppaorEv, Phil. I1174. The ' shore of Acheron' is anHomeric expression, Od. Io. 509 i~v' cdclI E AdXElta: ib. 513 7vOa uihvC3 'AAX povra Ivpt4AicOwv r7 E ovot.
1. 817. oiLKo0v. The sacrifice of Antigone's young life will ensure herfame. EiwaTLvov 'Xovo-' seems to be an inversion of the ordinary Homericphrase icEos iXet 1iv. Cp. a' iav XEty.
1. 820. LE CCv dWLXEtPaL haXoa0-', 'having obtained by lot the wagesof the sword,' i.e. ' having been put to death by the sword.' The Chorusare not altogether free from the belief that Antigone may be 'spiritedaway' in her tomb.
1. 821. acur6vojxos. Antigone has not fallen under the condemnationof ordinary law; she is no criminal, but perishes by a special ordinance,which is marked by the special manner of her death. 'Therefore withexaltation and glory thou art going to this chamber of the dead, notstricken with wasting disease, not winning the guerdon of the sword-free subject of thine own law-thou alone of mortals wilt go down aliveto Hades.'
1. 823. Xuypor&raTv with XE'o-0at, 'perished in a manner most piteousof all.' Cp. rnlpair I 'pvtos supra 423.
11. 824, 5. rCiv pylayv Sivav TavThXov, 'she of Phrygia our kins-woman, the daughter of Tantalus.' Niobe, having married Amphion,was the kinswoman of Antigone. givav=' a connection in a foreignland.' For Niobe cp. I. 24. 614-
vv e' ov ITv rpIty7,, vY oiJpEotv olorrdhotorv,0v t qraw, h0 t paai OEiawoV Ep /ILEvaL ErvaE
vvyvdowv, at' 7r dyla ' 'AXAcWov ipp 'ravrTo,
v0a iOo uEp ioiea Oc^w is @in'7Ea wEoT(L.
Paus. I. 21. 3 Taut'rv 7 Iv Ntd/rtv Ical ab'ra3 e7o0, v EvXOcV i 7'by :VrvXAovT3 b0por c " 7 hrAatov lyAv 7Erpa icalt cp7pioeds Ea*TLV oSiSv 7apoVrtL (X7^parTapEX0
6 EVoI yvvatcoSr, oire 4hXcos, oiTE rEVYOodr- et E *ye sroppcorpw
yivoto, B6Eatcpvivyv 6
Ev orpayii cat' tcar c7p yivva~a. A modern descrip-
tion will be found in the Journal of the Hellenic Society, I. 88, 2. 39.1. 827. 64
3ppc, is probably moisture from the melted snow.
1. 831. 64protL and 8ELp&Sas are words which, though properly be-longing to a human being, are applied also to a mountain.
1. 834. Oeoyevvis. There is no reason for altering this, the readingof L, to Octo'yEvis.
11. 836 foll. ' And yet for a mortal creature to obtain a lot among thedemigods in life and then again in death is a great thing to hear,' or 'tohave said of one' 40L LE' is general, though there is of course a refer-
ANTIGONE.
ence to Antigone. Where the sing. masc. is used in speaking of a woman,the expression is almost always generalized.
1. 837. KYKX-pa aGXEtv: cp. supra 820. gScrav iKacL eVrL OEavo~ av,these words are usually omitted (with transposition of py' dcoihGat tothe end). They do not suit the general expression < qpi'vqw, and it is notclear in what sense Antigone had a lot among the immortals in life.
1. 840. b~ptCss, the word is addressed to the leader of the Chorus.1. 841. rri avwrov, 'still in the light of day.'
1. 843. roXvK'vipLOVES vbpeGS. The wealth of Thebes was proverbial.Antigone appeals to the princes against her unjust condemnation byCreon.
1. 845. C*p AL&Trov is an epitheton ornans, after the manner of Homer.&Xo-os is used of any waste land (which was supposed to be sacred), andeven of the sea, Aesch. Pers. III, Supp. 868. 'pwrcas, 'though I haveno other to invoke, still I may call upon you.' For this appeal to ex-ternal nature in one to whom men deny their sympathy ep. Phil. 936 foll.,Ajax 412 foll. It is a trait which appears in the sterner characters ofSophocles, rather than the softer. The more complete the isolation inwhich such characters find themselves, the more readily do their feelingsgo out to the sights and sounds of nature.
1. 846. V'p.'. Aeolic forms are very rare in Tragedy.1. 847. o'a almost= cvs, but it also forms a part of the predicate.
OLOLt v6ILoLs, 'by reason of what kind of laws.' The dative goes withepXopat.
1. 848. worawLov, 'novel,' 'strange.' Frag. 162. 5 IXovowr 8ovas7roTraLvLov, of boys holding ice in their hands.
1. 851. Read, perhaps, Bpo-rooL o r Ovr TS iv vErpoailv. For theomission of the preposition with pporoito^ cp. supra 789, 90o . An-tigone is not a sojourner among the living, inasmuch as she is alreadyon the way to the grave; nor again among the dead, inasmuch as she isburied alive, and by an untimely fate, for those who died before theirtime were denied admittance to their place of rest. Compare the positionof the young children and suicides in Virgil's Hades (Aen. 6. 426 foll.),and Plautus, Mostellaria.
1. 852. The Chorus have some sympathy with Antigone, but they willnot be led away by it to overlook the offence against state-justice whichshe has committed. Observe that the Chorus in this play is composedof yEpovzrs. This is purposely contrived to increase the loneliness ofAntigone. See Introd. Analysis.
1. 854. P~'pov, 'pedestal.' Cp. Solon 4. 14 (Bergk) re sv& eiLpeOXaAbgcr. So too Ar. Nub. 995 7i~s At'ovs lE'AAE s TciyaApI' d aaT77TTELV.
Also Aesch. Ag. 382 foll.1. 856. 'Thou art paying some penalty derived from thy father.'
86
NOTES. LINES 837-895. 87
Antigone is ' dreeing the weird,' which her father Oedipus had imposedupon his race.
11. 857-61. 'Thou hast touched a thought, to me the saddest of all,--the thrice-told tale of my father's sorrow and of all our destiny-the lotwhich fell upon the far-famed Labdacidae.' Ieplpvas is gen. sing. withECLavcras. otKrov is acc. after the verbal notion in ypptyva, 'thoughtconcerning,' unless we assume a change of construction (cp. infra 961),or suppose pepiuvar also to be accusative (plur.), which is improbable.There is an approach to this construction in radvr' E47JTTrVp) and thelike. rpLtT6XLwarov is taken to refer to the tale of Oedipus as a subjectfor general compassion, (cp. TrpLyvipcv IEOos,) but it may refer to thewoe which has now fallen on the house for three generations-' thricerenewed.' Some read oTrov for oTTovY.
1. 860. r7rovu depends on oTIcov and is co-ordinate with ra-rpo'.A8Lp6CLa K LTLV. The dative takes the place of the more usual genitive.The Labdacidae are regarded as the persons interested in the r6drorrather than merely connected with it.
11. 863 foll. p arp6s is objective, i. e. icoLt?'ya-ra aTrp3s= intercourse
with a mother. ' And married intercourse with the fountain of his beingwhich my hapless father had with our mother.'
1. 865. o'CWv probably refers to Irarpl and arpo's, though it may, ofcourse, be taken with otlri irowv.
1. 867. RhotLKOS is to be taken etymologically= obcEiz pcEr' abro0r.
1. 871. Kar-lvapes goes back to the time at which she buried Polynices.Cp. supra 6o0 foll., and note.
1. 872. The Chorus are divided between a lukewarm sympathy'andadmonition. There is a kind of piety in doing a pious act, but power isnot to be rebelled against. Obedience and affection here conflict.
11. 873, 4. ' In the regard of him, who has the charge of power, it isin no way to be transgressed.' A man who has power entrusted to himmust be careful that it is not encroached upon.
1. 875. air6yvwros. Cp. Aesch. S. c. T. 1037 crhh' afrdpovo '1O',dreivvElnro 8' iyc'. Aristotle, Pol. 2. 6. § 16, speaks of the ephors at Spartaas abTroy-v'cJovar, i. e. not deciding larad ypaiuara ma vordovr.
1. 88r. dBS&uPpov is proleptic: 'None laments my lot, and it receivesno tear.'
1. 884. el XpECl XMyeLw, ' if speaking were allowed.' Cp. O. T. xIIo.1. 887. EtrT XP , ' whether she must.' Others read XP-fi XPiet, 'she
desires;' cp. Aj. 1373, El. 6o6, Xp rOa Ar. Ach. 778.1. 889. &yvot, i.e. Creon is not guilty of the blood of Antigone, or
even of her starvation. He has simply left her to the care of her owngods: supra 777 foll. LETOLKL s, cp. supra 867.
1. 895. Av refers to the two preceding lines. Antigone can speak of
A ANTI GONE.
herself tas one of the dead ones of her race. Cp. supra 56o0. For thecombination of the feminine and neuter adjective cp. Tr. 121 ai'sa /Aivdavrta 8' O~lTw.
1. 896. Ixorpav.. (Mov, II. 4. 170 pot^pav cvaparXa "ps &dToio. Antigoneis dying i'br'p 1~
6pov, cp. Od. 5. 436.
1. 897. X0Jouaa rparks the moment of departure from earth. Itbelongs in meaning to the infinitives and not to 7p po.
1. 898. (k ..rrpocr-4XMs. There seems to be no distinction intendedin the use of the simple and compound; cp. O. T. 133 rinrals *yap ,oFor
11. 900, I. These lines are inconsistent with the 0. C., in whichOedipus passes away from life unseen by his children, who are noteven permitted to visit his tomb; and perhaps with the 0. T., the closeof which, 1447 foill., makes it extremely improbable that Antigone wouldhave laid out her mother with her own hands.
1. 903. The appeal to Polynices seems unnecessary after 899. It is,however, occasioned by the reference to the rites of burial which Anti-gone gave to her father and mother. She is anxious that her actionstowards Polynices should be placed side by side with these. For rwpL-<'rhXouvra=' guarding from offence' ep. Hdt. 3. 31 7A abro ddcCuwVTratVb voA'V rEptEr ;TEXXorTES .
1 904. ro^s (povoIo-rV I, ' in the judgment of those who considerrightly.' Cp. O. T. 616 caXas hEc EV iXab3ovytvc rea eV,.
11. 905 foil. With this passage cp. Hdt. 3. [I9, where expressionsquite similar are put into the mouth of the wife of Intaphernes. See onO. C. 337. [Dindorf regards the whole passage from 900-928 as spurious.He thinks it absurd (I) that Antigone should say of her dead brotherwhat the wife of Intaphernes says of her living brother; (2) thatAntigone should say that she would not have transgressed in favour ofson or husband because such losses could be repaired, but her brothercould never come to life again. The transference from Herodotus toSophocles is somewhat remarkable. It is natural to say, I choose mybrother before my husband or son because I can never have anotherbrother, though I may have another husband or son; but less natural tosay, I pay rites to a dead brother which I would not have paid to ahusband or son, because I could have had others (paid funeral rites tothem ?). But the thought in Antigone's mind is that this is the onlyopportunity for her to show her sisterly devotion.]
1. 907. PBL wrroXvcrv, cp. supra 79, where Ismene uses the same words.Antigone speaks in a calmer mood than supra 8 'v o-rpa-rmydyv, and nowconsiders Creon's decree to express the will of the citizens. Cp. Aesch.S. c. T. ioo5 foll., o6I, 1073.
1. 909. KCaTOvC6vro, SC. TO7O TO r6 S.
88
NOTES.. LINES 896-940.
1. 91o. EL 70ro' Lm XaKov, 'if I lost the child I had;' 0ro E is simplypronominal for rvaibs.
1. 912. The peculiar construction gives greater prominence to theword &BEkX6
s than would have been given by oic fcaO' 6'crrws dciEA3 h &vfXa'CToL TOTE.
1. 914. v6 , ' principle;' and so supra 908.1. 916. SLt XEpcWv, ' between the hands' (of his ministers). The words
express Antigone's feeling of indignity at being so closely guarded. Cp.supra 401, 578, 9, infra 931, 2.
1. 918. rratLSov 'rpofjs, ' of the nurture of children.' Cp. Tennyson,of Jephtha's daughter, 'I went mourning, No fair Hebrew boy I Shallsmile away my maiden blame among I The Hebrew mothers.' Tragicsituations do not necessarily conform to the proprieties of ordinary life.There is a noble na'vete' in this, as in Nausicaa's saying, 'I wish I hadsuch a husband as this man.'
1. 920. 0av6vTWV K wTCKa4 &S: cp. O. C. 1661, 62 7 EPTrpoWv I EivoUV&acrav yi^r air nlrov 0fcpov.
1. 921. No distinction is to'be drawn between balovEs in this and eo[in the next line. Bailwcov or Batopdvoov rt -has the same meaning as OEe's
or OECJv rts; though (I) 8&a iowv is more frequently used of an evil deity,and (2) the word is also= fate, destiny (rb OEGov).
1. 922. S Oeois . . PXE'zrTELv. Cp. Aj. 514, 5 / .Oi yp obi~cr' O'ay EL
o r1 8XE7rwo I trXgy 0o0.1. 92,5. 'But if these things, (i e. this punishment inflicted on me), is
right in the eyes of the gods, when I have suffered I shall acknowledgemy fault.' Antigone seems to be referring. to a still further judgment;if Creon's acts are ratified by the gods-then, but not before, will sheallow that she is wrong. iaLO6v'res, after suffering the final penalty. Cp.Lys. 9. 11 avvyvwo-av 5A ia ai~broi nptLrLV WI" S')cricr1OE .
1. 927. [1 'ArXE( Kcar d I r00LEV, K.'r. A., 'I do not ask that they may
suffer more evils than they are inflicting unjustly upon me,-(but no less).'Like for like was the old ideal of justice. EYE a001ot r r' i'pEe, 8i 1y IC
10Eaa yeYo7ro. (Hesiod. Frag. 217).11. 929, 30. For the metaphor cp. supra 136, 37. It is not uncom-
mon. Some edd. omit the words abrai pvy7r.1. 931. roircov may be taken as a gen. of cause to the sentence, or
connected more closely with KAXcaLS 0'.1. 933. Oav&rov .. .yyUrTC'r is predicative with &4ta rat, 'is nearest
to death of all that have reached me.'1. 937. Cp. O. C. 297 7rarp4.ov daioTrv y i'XEI.1. 938. Kai 0ot wrpoyeveis, 'gods who were my forefathers,' such as
Cadmus, and Harmonia, and their parents. Cp. supra 19q.1. 940. OW Ps ot KoLpaWSat,. ' Ye descendants of Thebes' kings.'
89
A NTIGONE.
Either (i) addressed to the elders, who are not however elsewhere in theplay described as noble, like those in the 0. T. (1223); or (2) continuingthe appeal to the OEo rpoyEvdir, the royal stock of Thebes = KayoyEv^s.
1. 941. p* PacrLLtS&v. The MSS. have Bacar la, which is against metre.The correction is due to Seyffert. Ismene is left out of sight.
1. 943. o'cov AvSpv. Creon was not a prince of the royal blood, andhad shown himself unworthy of his position. His laws were the arbi-trary enactments of one man.
11. 944-87. Fourth Stasimon. In order to retain the interest of thespectator upon the fate of Antigone, the Chorus are made to illustrateit by examples from mythology. Such examples also serve to liftAntigone from the rank of common criminals. Strophe a'. ' Danae wasimprisoned, though of noble race, for the power of destiny is irresistible,and cannot be escaped.'
1. 944. The periphrasis of 8(4pLs with the gen. does not occur else-where in Soph., but we have El. 116i @ 86'4ar oixcrpov, 4Ps vp 0, and, inrelation to the light of day as here, 0. C. 1551 vi0v 8' brXarTY6v coy robL
6zv
itrrETraL 8~a. cjxs I &AAXdaL, ' to lose the light,' ' to exchange light for
gloom.' Cp. Phil. 1262. Aav&as .. 84 as=' Danae,' with an allusionto the beauty of her person.
1. 946. rvpq4ipes OaLkdpC. Hence her case Was in all respects parallelto that of Antigone.
1. 948. yeve 'rtpLLs. She'was the descendant of Danaus, the grandsonof Poseidon.
1. 949. Trapt LLeErKC. 'Had in her keeping,' ' was entrusted with.' Cp.infra 964. As in Homer and Herodotus the iteratives are without theaugment.
1. 951. & pOLpLsla TLS 8;vacLS, ' the power of fate, whatever it is,' i.e.'the mysterious power of fate;' cp. O. C.' 288, 9 grav 8' 6 iclpos I rap7TLr. Eur. Or. 1546 I-EY'aX T 'S 8& varus. Fate is here made parallelto Zeus, as in the Homeric theology.
1. 952. *XApos is a correction of b'pqpor, which is found in the MSS.11. 955 foll. Antistrophe a'. Lycurgus also was imprisoned, the Edo-
nian king who reviled Dionysus, and sought to put an end to the wor-ship of Bacchus. wras 6 ApV'Uav'os, i. e. Lycurgus; cp. I. 6. 130-140.
1. 956. KEp opROLS pycas, 'owing to his reviling temper;' cp. supra391 -radr oa'r d7rEtAa, and note.
11. 959 foll. 'Thus there flows from madness a dire excess ( ,&avOypo'v r = 3LVW.I ,iv9o0v) of rage.' j avas is gen. of the source(ablative) and partly due to drrd in composition.
1. 960. Err-yvo, 'knew too late,' i. e. knew when he was punished, notbefore. He read the lesson in the event. pavlats, dat. of manner; cp.O,. T. 5 dA:' dopaAsia rlvS' dvp0corv aor6tv, and pova' infra 0oo3.
90o
NOTES. LIrNES 941-983. 9r
1. 96t. a'id v has the unusual sense of 'tempting,' or 'provoking,'which may help to explain the acc. in place of the genitive. yXY'(rcats,the concrete plural=' an act of the tongue.' For iv= 'with' cp. Tr. 886b, 76/lq.
1. 964. irp refers to the torches lit in the Bacchic rout.1. 965. The flute was the favourite musical instrument of Dionysus, as
the cithara of Apollo. Flute music was regarded as peculiarly exciting:Arist. Pol. 8. 7. 9 a&ra yap pa/cXla ical 7raa rota'rcy Kivrqoss .Ldatora7cw opyavWcov iavly v TolS aiv'Xors.
11. 966 foll. Strophe 3', antistrophe 0. 'Near the Bosphorus is Sal-mydessus, wliere were imprisoned a mother and her children-one who,though a daughter of the gods, was rejected by her husband and her sonscruelly mutilated.' Such is the general thought illustrated by the storyof Cleopatra and her children, which runs through both strophe andantistrophe. ' And hard by the twin rocks of the Cyanean sea are thecliffs of the Bosphorus and the Thracian promontory of Salmydessus.'1rap& implies ' in the neighbourhood of;' cp. rarp ro56's Pind. Pyth. Io.62, and such Homeric expressions as aXE5660'E N ol ;l.~Aev 'AOvry (lit.'coming from the neighbourhood of'). The Cyanean rocks were twoislands at the mouth of the Bosphorus. *odrLX48v is a correction forrEXayE''.
11. 970 foll. ' Where Ares dwelling hard by the city saw a woundaccursed-a blinding blow inflicted on the two sons of Phineus, by acruel wife, quenching their eyes, that cried on vengeance, since the boyswere smitten with blood-dripping hands and the points of shuttles.'
1. 972. Aparr6v, i. e. 'bringing a curse on Phineus and Idothea.' Cleo-patra, the daughter of Boreas and Orithyia, was married to Phineus, theking of Salmydessus, who afterwards rejected her for Idothea. Cleo-patra was imprisoned; and the eyes of her sons were put out by theirstep-mother. ,rv4U Ov is a vigorous expression for 7ro0rl)Ov; cp. El.406 *rvyp dEirat Xods.
1. 974. &ha6v with iXAlcos. The adj. is causative. &kacr6porLv,
' bringing vengeance,' lit. ' authors of vengeance.'1. 975. *&paXO'0vrv is Lachmann's conjecture for dpaX0b' yElyXwv.1. 980. iXOVres &v46LpEUrov yoyv, 'having a birth not honoured in
wedlock.' Their mother Cleopatra was repudiated.11. 981, 2. ' But she in her lineage reached the ancient Erechtheidae.'
Orithyia, the mother of Cleopatra, was the daughter of Erechtheus; thepatronymic must not be pressed. Cp. O. C. io66, also Aj. 19o 7as .Ztavtri8v, yE'va, said of Ulysses, supposed to be a son of Sisyphus.
1. 983. 'i XEwr6 poLs, 'far distant.' The second half of the compound,which is merely suggestive of distant travel, is not to be pressed; cp.rqArnards, and supr. 785 &ypovdots aiXhais.
1. 985. 'A Boread swift as a horse over the steep hill.' 'See 11. 19.415, 21. I10. p06rrovs is strictly that which raises the foot upright.This description of Cleopatra heightens the power of destiny. [Orpossibly 6peOdrovr is 'standing upright,' 'high-upstanding hill,' and so'steep.' 7ros is used of a mountain, e. g. Il1. 20. 59 rnsre roAvrita/coIBysr. Pind. Pyth. 2. 36 Ilapvaoii rda valowv. In any case Sophocles
is partial to these compounds: ErdTnovs, cidv'rov, i'tbrovCr, 7roXvarovs,
i ,arToIjrov.]
11. 986, 7. KT' ZKELVa. . crXov, 'laid hand on her.' 'xELV is usedabsolutely; cp. aipEitv in 6 Xo'yos apEi and the like.
11. 988-1114. Fifth Epeisodion. Teiresias enters, and after relatingthe evil omens which he has observed, is attacked by Creon. An alterca-tion follows. Teiresias denounces vengeance on Creon, who hastens toretrieve his mistake.
1. 988. (KOGLEV, 'we are come,' i. e. Teiresias and his guide.1. 990. atryT, i. e. cowtv or C 7rpol7)gyToV. 'The blind have this way
of moving by the help of a guide.'1. 992. 'rw^ Pl&VTL, 'the seer' (whom you have previously obeyed).
1. 994. 8L' 6pOfis, sc. 60Bo, 'by a right course.'1. 995. 'I can bear witness to benefits, as having experienced them.'1. 996. 4p6vEL, PgE~s. The particle is separate from the verb, (not
'Think that thou art,' but) 'Beware, since thou art once more upon theedge of doom.'
1. 998. -rixvqs rlpeta r s i 's, ' the signs which my art can give.'1. 1000. Xqgiv, ' receptacle,' ' place of resort;' for the metaphor cp.
O. T. 420 and infra 1284 5vardaOapros"AtIov XtA'lgv.11. Ioco, ioo6. For the two kinds of divination cp. Eur. Bacch. 255
ab TaV' E 7T nas, TEtpEala. 'r'vS' ai O'Xcts "rv Baifov' dvOpc'rotaoV dcE-
qEPWV VEoV, aTco~TTV Ir'EpCVTWroIS, Ca'7rVcpwV I/tX0obV pEpetV. The ocvoorco-
7rsEov of Teiresias was in existence at Thebes in the time of Pausanias(9. 16. I).
1. 1002. ,cX&tovras, as if 'pvLtOer and not qO6yyov IpviOwov had preceded.Similarly above, 11. 259, 260o, Xdoot is taken up by qUkhaie.
1. oo003. 4govats, ' in murderous fray;' cp. supra 696, and, for iV x'7-xatart, supra 961.
1. 1004. 'yvo)v. The same word is used in a similar context, Plut.
Caes. 47 rpiT^rov plv 78V atapbpv qYvw. In Aesch. P. V. 484 foll. we haveaugury by dreams, rumours, omens in the way, birds, inspection, andburnt offering distinguished: i dicpwa Trp&iro if 6
vElpnrTWv & Xp I O'7rapyEvEYa0ailcX-K va TE 87 vaTcp1rovs i'yvpt' aroik-ivo-5iov Te av/Pdxovs
-yePalbwvyxwv TE TrmYtv 6opviOcwtV Ic.T.X.- rrAaXXVWV rTE hEtrn'ra c.'r.X.-Cvi Tr c^oa avyICaXvrTad c.r.X. This lqst method is regarded as especiallyobscure. o',i io Ecpos, i. e. it made clear to me what they were doing.
ANTIGONE.92
NO TES. LINES 985-1 034. 93
1. Ioo5. For this metaphorical use of yev6 plv cp. Tr. 1101.1. Ioo6. pwp3
otrL agrA4XMKTOL0Lv, dat. of place. 'At the blazing altar.'The plural is not to be taken as meaning more than one altar. vra Xic--rocrL . For this intensive use of wra- cp. Irat 4 7LuLrwp, rrVipfvXos, raPIPIy-Y7-, w7avyicows, etc.
1. 1007. 'XaLwev. The imperfect means,' Would not shine forth onany one of my repeated trials.' Cp. iy u viylv supra 1005.
1. ioo8. pqyplov is best taken with iT77rCETr, ' from the thighbones.'
11. 00oo9 foll. 'And smoked and sputtered, and the gall was sprinkledthrough the air, and the thighs wasted away and lay bare of the enfoldingfat.' Ler&proLt must be taken closely with t~EoTipoTro. KCTappUELS,'wasted,' with the flesh fallen off them.
1. oii. irLjEkXs. The gen. is due to EicwELVTO, in which word thepreposition is emphatic. KaXv'rrrs, 'covering,' ' enfolding '-( LtEXicaXVn7TEra o70ts pIrptotl).
1. 1013. 4 0Lvovra, cp. O. T. 906. 'Failing auspices of baffledrites.'
1. 1015. voorG, cp. O. T. 170 vocaEt. .7rpdras ordhoo.
1. ioi6. rav'rhets,' all the number of,' almost=lra&at: cp. UvvTEAr SirodXs Aesch. Ag. 532. 'For our altars and all the number of our sacredhearths are infected by birds and dogs with food from the unhappycorpse of the son of Oedipus.'
1. IO19. K~9ra, 'and then'=' moreover.'1. 1021. &roppoLpSEt is a word more applicable to the sound of wings
than of a bird's cry (cp. supra Ioo4). Perhaps it is used purposely tosuggest the indistinctness of the noise made. The negative goes inmeaning with Eh~e7ovs-c doppotIeG oEr Ea'/4V ov- oti.
1. 1022. Pepp ̂ -res. Notice the plural after the singular in the precedingline. The Connection is 'not a bird .. for all have,' etc. &v8po06pov. .aLLLOaros Xhros, 'the fatness of human carnage.' Plut. Quaest. Rom. 93tells us that vultures were specially used for divination.
1. 1025. irw6 8' & RcPT1r. For the subj. cp. supra 710o, O. C. 1225E7TELav-7
1. 1026. cvoA os, 'infatuated;' cp. Aj. 1156 a 'voAov lvp' ~iov8~'Tr.1. 1027. CLKPTcLL is to be taken absolutely, 'uses remedies.'1. 1029. EKEr OcLv vVTL, 'relent towards the dead.'1. 1030. i~rLKTavei, ' to slay a second time;' cp. Artnya1Adw, E'riLrr co.1. 1031. ' With careful thought I speak carefully to thee,' or cot may
go more closely with el' cpov4o-ars,' with careful thought for thee.'1. 1032. EI KE'piOS XE'o. The optative is used of a general case. Cp.
supra 666 8y 7s6Xrt r-tdEle.1. 2o34. &vpp6s, gen. after a word expressing ' aiming at a mark.'
94 ANTIGONE.
11. 1034, 5. LavrLKjs I d'rpaicros, 'unpractised on in respect of divina-tion.' The verbal has the meaning of rpaiTrreaat in the sense of' beingintrigued against,' and the genitive (after the privative adjective) denotesthe point from which the practice comes. For the passive use in theverbal adj. cp. O. T. 628 apCTEro 7y' b~'ur.
1. 1035. *'a'clC, for the form cp. &ta, rapal.1. 1036. 'I have been long since sold and shipped off,' i. e. the seers
have received money for directing Creon's mind, so that he is a meansof gain to them, and a passive instrument of their machinations againstthe state.
1. 1038. 4hXeKrpov, the 'white-gold' (gold alloyed with silver) used inthe older coinage. 'IvSt 6v. Cp. Hdt. 3. io6. Malacca was known asthe ' Golden Chersonese.'
1. 1042. ' Not even so will I through any fear of this pollution allowhis burial.' o0 .. Pjl, cp. O. C. 177 o' ro0t Tro0TE . . deEt, El. 1052 oi'aot IAlh ISEE' fropat, O. C. 849 o0 ) . . d6ootptroPtEsr.
11. 1043, 4. 'Well I know that no human power can bring pollutionon the gods.' The gods are far above the touch of man. This is said,partly to excuse the preceding words, and partly to imply that the pol-lution spoken of by Teiresias is absurd and repugnant to an enlightenedview of the gods. Cp. supr. 780.
1. 1046. TroXX& must be taken closely with ELtvol.1. o49. r' Xpipa ; ' Consider what ?' repeat otSev and <ppdirat from
the preceding line.1. 1052. rXM1pqs, 'infected with;' cp. supra lo017.1. 1053. TrAv L&vrLv. Cp. supra 992. The article is here used in bitter
irony.1. 1054. MyELS, sc. KaIcr -v pUrTv.1. 1o56. tK. It is in the manner of Sophocles to vary the expression
by the introduction of a preposition in the second of two similar clauses.Cp. supra 704 ') ri fp'r raisov rarpi ;
1. 1057. rayo's: notice the generalizing plural.1. 1058. EXELS crcras is not merely the schema Chalcidicum in this
passage, V'XEts pointing rather to Creon's present power in the city.'Thou holdest, after having saved.'
1. 1059. oo6s here has the strict meaning of 'good at a craft.'1. io6o. -rdK7v''Tc BUd pEVWV, ' what ought to rest undisturbed in
the miind.'1. io62. o-rTo, i.e. r Aipeoartv AE"ye t. ' Do I seem already to be
speaking for gain in what concerns you ? ' i. e. Do you really think thatI expect gain from you ? Others destroy the mark of interrogation andtranslate, ' So I already seem to do, so far as you are concerned;' i. e.You at least already impute this to me.
NOTES. LINES 1034-1082. 95
1. 1o63. 4)s Ji. 'wtroX'i ir , K. T.., 'learn that you shall not makemerchandize of my mind; ' i. e. make merchandize by guiding my mindin the way required.
1. 1064. G y6 rot KATLcr0L. These words take up i'0ls in the precedingline with added vehemence. FA1 continues the imperative tone fromicaTLtuG.
1. io65. rpbXous &AXk 'rpas, 'swift revolutions of the sun,' i. e. days.The time allowed by the prophecy is anticipated in the action of theplay. poxo's would mean 'wheels,' i. e. ' turns of the wheel.' Cp. Shak.Measure for Measure, 4. 3 'Ere twice I The sun hath made his journalgreeting to ] The under generation, you shall find I Your safety mani-fested,' where, however, the reckoning of time is more distinct.
1. Io66. iv otoL, 'within which,' instead of the more regular rpiv,'before,' i.e. o wIroXhai 4i ,pat E o'i, iv als = iv o roxxa's #yiEpats.
1. io68. v0O' Av. The antecedent is to be gathered from vaep&v in1067. dv0' Av repeats dpyotdy, 'in exchange for the dead, in return forthose, of which you have buried one alive, and left others though deadunburied.' With Tv dvco supply 'vi.
1. 1069. &ryos, in a proleptic sense, 'so as to bring it into dishonour.'1. 1070. With r'XELS supply vEICv, r~4v K&-rwOV OE&V must be taken
with 4apotpov. Polynices is robbed of his portion in the gods below, andyet dvi6tov, offensive to the gods above.
I. 1072. Av, the antecedent is ' the rights so assumed by you,' whichmust be gathered from the preceding words.
1. 1073. PL 0ov7a. Passive. Cp. supra 66. The nom. is OEoi generally.Creon has invaded the sphere of Divine Justice by continuing punishmentsafter death.
1. 1074. rourCov with XAOP r~pEs,' to avenge these things,' or ratherperhaps with the sentence, ' because of this.' There is the same doubtabout Todrodv TroGrwV d iyovnw icAabiaO0' rTdpc supra 931, 2.
1. 1076. k lB0cvac after XoXGW^oL, 'are lying in wait for thee, so thatthou wilt be caught.'
1. 1078. (avet. The subject of the verb is uic t ara in 1. 1o79, 'wailingof men and women in thy halls will shew the truth of this.' The wordsoU acQKpo0 Xp6vov ,rpL4 are parenthetical. This seems the moreforcible way of taking the words, though of course 7pLI3? may be thesubject and /wlc'ar a the object of pavr.
1. Io81. 0 rcov rrap&y a r', i.e. 'whose mangled citizens.' This seemsto imply that the bodies of the allies of Polynices were lying unburied.like their chief. KacOyVLCov, ' have honoured with funeral rites;' i.e. bydevouring; cp. S. c. T. 1020 br' otcWv&v 7-a4'iVT'.
1. 1o82. 'rEtorLoVov, 'which has hearths.' The birds carried the piecesof corpses to the sacrificial altars, so polluting the centre of religious,
ANTIGONE.
life in the cities. [11. 1079-1982 have been pronounced spurious bysome editors, partly on account of the difficulty of inTLokXov is 7rdXv,and partly because we have ,rdhta after dhOAcs.]
1. 1o84. o-ou after &4IK M: cp. 1. 1034.1. 1085. OvlLc, ' in passion;' cp. O. C. 659 Ovyid icardEEXa7a av. Kp-
Blas -ro~ i ar-a, 'arrows piercing the heart ;' obj. gen.1. 1086. OXdhros, 'the smart;' so the verb OdcXhvoyal, El. 887 O iTaEC
7@b' dr'ycErc 7yTVPt.1. 10o87. wa'rcL, 0o- 8'. For the position, which is quite regular after the
voc., cp. Aesch. Pr. V. 3 "H(aturE, oE B xpr) iEXE Lv E trroXdi. The useof the Greek language does not allow i to follow close on a vocative.
1. o090. rorv vo . . Trcv (pe&v, ' the spirit of his thoughts.' Cp.O. T. 524 Y'&/ qP pEvwv. The combination vois ica ppves is common.
11. 1092, 3. OTov . rp(LXa, 'since I have had upon me these lockswhich from being dark have become white,' i. e. during the time whichhas turned my hair from black to white,-from the days of my youthunto this day.
1. 1094. XA KEZV, of a thrilling prophetic utterance, Aesch. Cho. 35
1. 1097. v SELVc rrpa, 'presents itself in terrible form,' ' is a thing ofterrible aspect.' ziv 5tv,=iv bEtvo I pe. Cp. iv EVX'EPEF Phil. 875,and Eiv icaXS.
1. 0o98. [Kpiov]. This word is omitted in the earlier MSS,1. I 02. Ka expresses wonder, as in ica wrras;11. 1103, 4- rVVTJLvoveOr. . PBX&3paC
, 'swift vengeance from the godsovertakes the evil-minded.' From avvr iTEYEty 65v, 'to shorten one'sway,' comes the absolute awVTvr1cVw, 'to approach quickly,' and thenwith an object, ' to come up with.' [Or possibly ' cut down the evil-minded in their plots.' Cp. Frag. incert. 678 av~Ev sopds, LvEVy 01j8povadvra 70ot avy7rtV7rat KU7rpL 7;r OvY7'wv ical OQSWv ovXdbtpa-ra.]
11. 11o5, 6. KapSULs . . 8pa^, 'I move from my purpose so as to doit.' Hermann on Aj. 914 has a long note on the infinitive with r6.The difference between the infinitive with 76 and without it is that theformer is in construction' an accusative or nominative. Sophocles some-times uses it as a pure infinitive, and sometimes -= an infinitive with faxrE.
1. 1107. jirS' Er' AXho ALLV -rprr, 'entrust it not to others;' tmesis.For dramatic reasons it is necessary that Creon should go to the tombin person.
1. 11o 9 . oL T' 6vIES OL r' A vo'ES, ' those present and those absent,'i. e. all. Those who are absent are to be summoned. Cp. El. 305, 6and note.
1. I io. 4ir6jov r6wrov, ' the place in view.'1. 1112. ,oils Kea-r'rTs v6!ovs. Creon now confesses that his edict
96
NOTES. LINES 1084-1155. 97
has been in contravention of the established laws. These required theburial of the dead. This hesitation on the part of Creon is in markedcontrast to the implicit confidence in her action with which Antigonedeparts to her tomb.
11. II15-1152. Fifth Stasimon. The Chorus invoke Bacchus, thetutelary god of Thebes, to aid them, and save the city from her distress.'roXuv vvLE, 'thou of many names,' i. e. Bacchus, Iacchus, Dionysus,Bromius, etc. dya~la, as a child is the glory and delight of hismother, and the divine giver of joy preeminently so.
1. III6. For the Doric gen. papvpp<1re cp. supra 361 "Aia.1. III7. 'IraMaLav. Campania was always famous for its vines.1. 1121. The vale of Eleusis is meant, in which the mystae gathered
from all parts of Greece.1. 1122. Thebes was probably the earliest centre in Greece proper of
the orgiastic worship of Dionysus, and from hence the deity passed toDelphi.
1. 1124. For frap& with the genitive denoting proximity cp. supr. 968.1. II25. r <aropa, sc. valtiv, ' dwelling near and presiding over.'1. 1126. 8&X64OO Tirrcpas. Viz. Parnassus, on the peaks of which
fire was reported to gleam, and this some supposed to be the torches ofthe Maenads. Cp. Aesch. Cho. 1037, Eur. Phoen. 227.1. 1130. vajta, i.e. urit. The verb would naturally be dropped after ivOa.1. 1131. pywv, with 6'Oa, ' slopes of hills.' 'And thee the ivy-clad
slopes of Nysaean mountains, and the shore green with clustered vines,send forth amid the glad tumult of immortal hymns to be lord of theways of Thebes.' Nysa in Euboea is meant, the home of the miraculousvine. Frag. 235.
1. 1139. KEpCLgv L, 'whom the thunder glorified.'1. 1140. 'XE1L . . ~,l v6arov, 'is possessed with a plague.' The
expression is stronger than vdarp would have been: lit. 'is held upondisease.' Cp. ' And I verily am set in the plague.' 'XE'ra, passive, asin E'XELt psor. Cp. Phil. 731, Aj. 1145.
1. 1144. IRoXELv, infin. for imperat.
I. 1145. The 'sounding frith' is the channel which separates Nysa inEuboea from the mainland.
11. 1146 foll. ' O leader of the fire-breathing stars, and master of thevoices of night!' The torches of Dionysus are counted with the stars,and the cries of his attendants are the voices of the night, xa'r ya6p rvapvaoThadv Ahdyov " rY v der-Tipwv irrt Xop~r7
6. Aristoph. Frogs 342 "Ia1X', 1Z
"IaIX, vvaCripov rET rS (PCo0appor darTp.1. I152. .rc l av, 'lord,' with special reference to his control over the
mysteries.11. 1155-I1256. Fifth Epeisodion. A messenger enters and briefly
H
announces the death of Haemon; he is overheard by Eurydice, who nowenters, and demands a full account of the circumstances. Speech of theMessenger. Eurydice abruptly leaves the stage. On the interest excitedby the speeches of messengers, cp. Plutarch, Lys. 23 'oov v 7rpaycPialeirtrLrEc avgai'lYEt rr7Ep T V7broMpirTas, r'vo 1y dayyeov T1Po J OEpdairrov'r
eririEn/Epov lrp6dcnov ro EBomEtlEtv cat 7rporaycovutTEnev, rbV h tlalaa CuaoaniCrrpov fopoivr'a Itrl7k dcobvEaLt pOyydlpErov.
1. 1155. r&poLKOL, ' dwellers in houses that adjoin the Cadmeian palace,'i.e. chief men of Thebes. Cp. supra 940.
1. II56. <r-&vr', (I) to be taken closely as epexegetic participle after6roov, as we might say, 'having assumed such and such a position.''Whatever its position.' Or, (2) when (although) established (in appa-rent prosperity).
1. 11 6o. ' No one can prophesy to mortals respecting their presentstate-whether it will change.'
1. z116. (s 'JLot, ' in my judgment; ' cp. Aj. 396 pqEos & pa vY,6rTarov
1. 1162. eXOpav, with cro-ras. 'From enemies.'1. 1163. Xap v rE. The sentences are irregularly joined. The 84
which should follow ptvh is converted into TE, and EiiOve represents aparticiple.
11. 1165, 6. r&ds ydp. . v8pes, 'when men abandon (i. e. lose) theirpleasures.' For Irpo8GoS-v cp. Aj. 965 irpiv TLs bciXp (7d'TaO6').
1. i167. rouirov: the singular is used to mark out an individual in theclass mentioned (dvps). [This line is not in the MSS. but occurs inAthenaeus 12, 547. To make a sentence the MSS. read dvapo' for advpe~.]
1. 1168. st POVXEL, ' if you will,' i. e. you may, if you like, make theassumption that he is wealthy. This phrase occurs also in Plato.
1. 117. wphs 'rrv Soviv, 'compared with pleasure.'1. 1172. 'x0OS paroLXwov, 'grief respecting the kings,' 'affecting them.'1. I175. a'T
6XELp: the sense of ar s in the compound is not to be
taken accurately. 'By unnatural violence.' The word derives this asso-ciation from its frequent use of crimes between near kindred, cp. supra
172 a rd T'XpE ay pcivr wiapart.1. 1176. For the omission of the preposition with rarpp'a cp. supra
851.1. 1177. 46vov, 'for the death,' gen. of cause.1. zz78. vvoru*s, ' hast thou brought the world to fulfilment.'1. 1179. 's '6' 4X6VTr o , sc. TrovT .1. II82. 7ra86s, 'about her son;' cp. El. 317 70G' latyt/lrov 71 (PS;
1. 1183. 'iv A6ycov, 'your conversation.' Zilo06p-qv, ' I was awareof,' expresses the instinctive sense of something nearly touching her inwhat is said, rather than the clear understanding of it.
98 ANTIGONE.
NOTES. LINES 1155-1212.
1. 1184. OEas is gen. after wpoo iyopos, to which e'yR-rwv is addedfor greater clearness.
1. 1186. ' I happen to be loosing the bars of the gate which weredrawn back.' The passage is perhaps best explained by supposing ahypallage of the adjective Avaorrcroo, which, though agreeing withrdXys, belongs in sense to iOXjpa, and is to be taken in a prolepticsense. Another suggestion is that dvaoar'aroV means 'closed;' thedoor opening optwards and so 'pulled up,' 'drawn to' when closed.Eurydice thus accounts for her presence on the stage, for which, other-wise, there is no reason.
1. 1189. wrpcs 81oato-i , 'in the arms of my slaves.'1. 191. These lines probably refer to the death of Megareus, the elder
son of Creon and Eurydice.11. 1192, 3. 'I was an eye-witness, and I will tell you all the story.'1. I 94. bv, ' in matters in regard to which;' the gen. depends really
on f&E irat.
1. 1196. ro8aybs oria6jv, 'I accompanied on foot.' wosay s is (I)'leading on foot,' (2) 'going on foot.' inrEaOat does not exclude thenotion of showing the way.
1. II99. ivoSCLv OE6v: Hecate is probably meant.1. 1200. E yEVEZs, i. e. 'iarE EAfIEVi-Lt^ E at.
1. i2or. Xovurp6v is of course a cognate acc. with Xovo'aarer, havingthe force of an adverb. iv vEoorr&(oLv OBXAoLs. Olive wood was usedfor constructing funeral pyres at Athens.
1. 1202. 8 8--q X ELr-ro defines with greater accuracy riv pT v 1. I199.Notice the omission of the augment, which is permissible in thepluperfect, and otherwise occurs in long narrative speeches.
11. I204, 5. Irpas L060 rprov . . KOtov, ' the hollow room spreadwith stone, the deathly bridal-chamber of the maid.' "ALSov is adescriptive gen.; cp. Aesch. Ag. 1115 7 58dCTV 7i y' 'AtIov; At -trrpwrov in contrast to a bridal couch.1. I207. j i4, i. e. the voices rang round about the chamber. c'rI-
pLr-rov is a word applied to funeral rites; arcLrdTSa is here=' a bridalchamber,' 'unhallowed bridal-tomb.'
1. 1209. ' And, as he came nearer, an indistinguishable crying filledhis ears.' dacrqRLa po^is= /3o d ryo, but more indefinite; cp. Ta bvid-Xotra Trv Ahd2oyw, r r7TEp1rooV0rTa T v X6,ywv. ~aXXov o-o ov, 'yetnearer;' the double comparative is perhaps due to a weakening of thecomparative force in the word &o-a-ov.
1. 121o. ol~qas, ' with a shriek.'1. 1212. 8 vcrrvUXEo-rr&'lv . . r<^v rrap ovr^V 68W^v, i. e. more unfortu-
nate than any preceding journey. Cp. supra Ioo dicaciXtrov Twrv ITporeTpV
4tber.
II 2
Oaos.
99
ANTIGONE.
1. 124. rcavE, ' touches me with recognition.' The nearest parallelis O. C. 319, 320 at p cl 7yov Dn' 6byaTcoV [ craClt LE ryepoc7rTEnixov. Cp.Rhes. 55 oalvEts /' VVvxoT ppvrICTopia.
11. 1216, I 7. apPav .. crTOLov, 'entering into the joint of the tombwhence the stones were torn, even to the very mouth of the vault.' aippo'hXtOorraa " is the closure of the vault from which the stones had beenremoved violently by Haemon. Cp. Rom. and Juliet, end.
1. 1219. g 610ov u Eor6-rov KXEjo-tLao-TLv. The word Ee t'acrlaTis added to define i dGv'uov 6EaaroTOV, 'induced by our master and at hisbidding.'
1. 1221. KpERIjL-rv aX'vos, ' hanging by the neck.' Aesch. S. c. T.328 irsbYv rXoicipcw .. yovlv.
1. 1223. 1iro- , the Ionic form occurs again infra 1236.1. 1224. 'Wailing over the ruin of his bridal, which was in the world
below.' euvis has almost the meaning of Eic-XETpOV ev'A/lp. Twothings are condensed in one, ' the ruin of his bridal,' and 'his bridalbeing celebrated below.'
1. 1226. 6 84, Creon.11. 1228, 29. rLva | voov oe-XES; 'What was your design?'1. 1229. v V0 crcuI opc&s SLEe O&ps; 'At what point of calamity did
you go mad?' Eur. Hel. 1192 XiyrT? atr 5t q0Oapoat ppvas, Aj. 314-11. 1233, 34. 8i 8' Sp~o pvov . . VrIXcK', 'owing to the flight of his
father, who rushed out, he missed him,' i.e. Haemon made an attemptupon his father's life but failed in it. So Aristotle understood thepassage, Poetics, c. 14.
1. 1235. Gcocrfp X', 'just as he was,' i. e. in a moment.11. 1235, 36. irvraOds. . . 'yXos, 'leaning over upon it, thrust the
sword to the middle in his side.' Or Eie-rov ' right into,' 'deepinto.'
11. 1236, 7. is 8' {yp6v ] dyckWv', 'folding her into his slackening arm.'Condensed for s dyarcca Xa8c'v riv 7apOivov, rpoordaarETa afTjj.
Before this point, the body of Antigone has been cut down. Thisomission of a necessary incident belongs to the condensation of theaction noticed above, note on 1. io65.
11. 1238, 39- ' And panting hard he casts on her pale cheek a sharpbreath of gory dew-drops.' Cp. Aesch. Ag. 1388 iXAE&t p' ipq .v^f
ataudict Eoviag 8pd rov.1. 1241. etv "ALSov 86otLs. Others read fv 7'. In death at least, if
not before, Antigone and Haemon are joined together.11. 1244, 45. Compare the silent exit of Jocasta, 0. T. io75; and of
Deianira, Tr. 814.11. 1247, 48. is rr6Xtv y6ous I oic tOrewtv, 'will not deign to make
public lamentation.' The harshness of ttLacrvt yaour is softened by the
I00
NOTES. LINES 1214-1284. 101
continuation of the thought in err'vLev. For a similarly curt expressioncp. /0 7 pLIas T7' supra 577.
1. 1249. rpocrewLv, 'will impose as a duty,' cp. supra 216 7rp6
eOs.The construction is rpo ctLv re'vOoG obcsiov bluware TEvELyV abTr6. So in11. 6. 499 Andromache makes her maidens weep for Hector.
11. 1251, 52. pap I SoKEt frpocrEvaC , 'seems to bring something evilwith it.' For the preposition cp. supra 1243 rpO crcEtTaL.
1. 1256. 86Povs rrCapCatLrtxovrEs,-' entering the house.' This allowsthe Messenger to retire and appear as the Exangelos in 1. 1277.
11. I257-end. Commos, Exodos. Creon enters with the dead body ofHaemon. While he is lamenting over this, the Exangelos appears toannounce the death of Eurydice. Broken with his misfortunes, andacknowledging his error, Creon is led off the stage.
1. 1258. jvi'J' i Pror'jov, 'a monument of manifest import.'1. i26o. ~igv is in apposition to ri~)i' 1. 12. 58.1. 1261. &AlpiArLar , may be voc.; or acc. after SMaXovres.1. 1265. ' Ah me for the misery of my purpose !' i. e. for my unhappy
purpose. 6voXpacL o~eupLrMv is a periphrasis like hay] a foijs 1. 1209,
and 0. C. 923 <wwriv aOAiwV irCT7Ipia.
1. 1266. vicp, 'strange,' rather than ' untimely.'1. 1270. ~ i4 pv i 8 wqv iL8Ei, 'to see the truth too late.' The Chorus
do not reflect that they have been as late :as Creon in seeing the truth.They point out Creon's error as they previ6usly pointed out what theyconsidered to be Antigone's error.
1. 1273. ' On my head then, even then, (i. e. at the time when I framedmy unhappy purpose), (I) God smote me in the heaviness of his wrath'(14-ya 9ipor aX0V = pk*ya papuv6peEvor). v is perhaps to be regardedas separated from TrauLrv by tmesis. Or (2) pF'ya P&pos K.-r.X. may betaken =' God held and smote me with mighty force.
1. 1274. 'v 8' or -tcrv &yplaLs 68ots, 'dashed me into a fierce course.'11. 1278 foll. 'Oh my lord! methinks thou comest as a master in full
possession, bearing these things here in thy hands before thee, andothers thou wilt soon see in the palace.', ixwv c leat reKrlthLVos, 'havingin hand and also in possession,' i. e. 'possessing other things besidesthat which thou holdest in thy hands.' 6JErOaL, to be taken withgowc s; ral ra'X ' / Se0a being=
6 6LEVog. Cp. Phil. 972, Trach. 292,
950. The sentence is disarranged (i) by placing forwa. (/CErv so late, (2)by the change of 6devor into 6Erear. For 'Xv Xc ... cp. Plato, Crat.393 B icpardi E aibrod ICal KK'Tq7at ica 'XEL alr6T.
1. 1281. ' What is there yet worse ? or what evil still remains ?'1. 1282. W l pLArop, ' mother indeed,' i. e. a mother worthy the name,
as this her act declares. Cp. ravTcX--7 Sdiap 0. T. 930.
1. 1284. ALjtipv, for the metaphor cp. supra 1000 oowvoD Athl7v, and note.
A NTIG ONE.
I. I288. lTreELpydowm. For the meaning of the compound cp. suprao1030 7yv Oavrv' IhnTcravEV.11. 1291, 92. ' That the slaughter of a wife is heaped upon previous
ruin.' ofdyLov L6pov, 'death by the knife;' here at the altar with thesacrificial knife.
1. 1293. The eccyclema is now brought into use. Eurydice and theapartment in which she fell are brought upon the stage. This, though nottechnically a change of scene, is equivalent to one.
1. 1297. &pr(os, ' newly placed there.'1. 1301i. Ij 8, 'but the other,' i. e. Eurydice as opposed to Haemon.Se,' lying there.' b6 01Kros, ' infuriated.' ~wij(a twrpLE, if the reading
is correct, must mean, 'round about the altar,'= Bw4i 7Eptlarr gT. Butthe text is probably corrupt. ['5' 'eOV6TCT pwBoyia rEpi $tpEl, Wecklein].
1. 1302. XIEL. The Messenger has the scene still clearly before him,hence the present tense; cp. 1, 54. KEXaLVA is generally taken in a pro-leptic sense =' so as to be in darkness;' but it may mean 'darkening'at once with sorrow and death.
1. 1303. ActvLW X('XOS, There may be some detail in the storyof Megareus, unknown to us, which would support NA'Xos, but it nowseems out of place here. [XAdXos, which is proposed, does not occur else-where in Sophocles. Cp. Eur. Phoen. 1313, 4-1
1. 1304. XO(c0tov, 'lastly,' not ' for the future.'1. 1307. &viwrav 6 c, ' I am startled with dread.' For the aorist,
cp. Aj. 693 i'pt' iWprt TrEpLXapjs ' cver7rdav. Av'r av, sc. yy .1. 13r1. oUvyII'KpacLCL, cp. Aj. 895 oflr 7r@3 obvyIcKpajIErIYv.1. .1313. rE~cK41irrou, ' thou wert charged with.' Cp. Plato, Laws 2.
937 B ac'v ImtaLtp0p rd p'Ev4 /aprvpjoat.
1. 1314. &hrnehXraro, ' set herself free.'
1. 1318. 4 @s .. i atUrlas, 'so as to leave me clear of guilt;' cp. supra614 irki dras, ' so as to leave calamity aside.'
1. I325. l sva= 'rbv iv ra. Cp. O. T. o109, and note.1. 1327. 'r&v IrootV KacK&, 'the evils before us.'
1. 1329. K&XXLcLrTa is to be taken adverbially with dyov. Like dr 1/s
(1. o1069) and other adverbs, it is in part a predicate. Observe the em-phatic position of iwrwros in 1. 1332.
1. 1335. raiv8E resumes ravra in opposition to 7rv 7rpocEtlrE'vow. TheDestinies will take care of what is in the future.
1. 1336. 'All that I have desired, I have included in my prayer.Creon is in the apathy of despair; he can pray for death, but beyondthat he has no wish or hope. pG2La L in the middle voice is very rare.[EpWv, Donaldson; Ap~, rotaVra, Dind.]
1. I337-. ,s Tr1erpwRVYls, K.,rA.. Cp. the language of the Watchmansupra 236.
102
NOTES. LINES 1288-1353. 03
1. I339. l&raLov, i. e. ' one whose purpose has failed.' Cp. Tr. 887IL
8e 3s, & yarata, TiVB' b'fptv.
11. 1341, 42. ou'' Xco . . 8wo, ' I know not which of the two to lookupon.' The double question is idiomatic.
1. I345- hXXpLa, ' unstable,' ' in the act of falling.' r&v Xepotv is merelya variation of ~rC' wooiv, but more suggestive of fruitless effort. rd 8'EIrl, K.T.X., 'on my head has dashed a fate hard to bear.' 'Takeme away; let me go into silence and solitude; I have no purpose,no object, before me. My life is wrecked, my aims have come tonothing.'
1. I353. 'Teach wisdom in age.' Gnomic aorist. Like the OedipusRex, the play does not so much come to an end as leave off. No moremisery can befall Creon for the present, and all reference to the futureis deprecated. The action of the play is done, and any future change inthe condition of Creon's life would not be connected with his treatmentof Antigone. Though the interest in the play may be divided betweenCreon and Antigone, the action is one.
EXPLANATION OF THE MARKS IN
THE TEXT.
1. 4" *~rhcv Campb. 'iep MSS. ixoV Pors.1. 24. *rpoOEi Campb. xpcOdis MSS.1. 33. *osQa Heath. Troit MSS.
1. 48. T~rv i~ac^v */' Brunck. /-' om. MSS.1. Io6. 'Apy6pOv t MSS. The metre required is -uv-. 'ApyOOEv be
Herm.1. Ilo. *cs Scaliger. 5'v MSS.
*Iovvdous, Scal. IloAvvdEYimsc MSS.
1. n I. *povwaarLv Boeckh. colvin'anv MSS.
1. 134. *a Tr7Tra Pors. d'nt 'vrra MSS.1. 156. *aipxcuY om. MSS.1. 231. *airovb. Seyffert. exox* MSS.1. 263. ifEVyE */ ci~s'vat Boeckh. b p
3h MSS.
1. 279. *ff Nauck. 4, MSS.1. 321. 'r6 *7y' Reiske. rb 8' MSS.
1. 343. *iozpov6cov Brunck. agoipov MCv L.1. 351. tfETraL. The metre requires ,-,-.1. 358. *8taiOpEia Musgrave. ai'Opia MSS.1. 382. *drayovea Boeckh. &'ovow MSS.1. 486. * 6~LapatovearT pa.
6 upaqovErYT4pas MSS.
I. 505. *iXEkri a after Dind. 4ylIxlaiot etc. MSS.1. 572. *AN. Aldus, Boeckh. I=. MSS.11. 574, 576. *XO. Boeckh. IU. MSS,1. 595. t pOs/i'vwv MSS. The minetre requires -- or ,- to correspond
to ceLw0,^ in 1. 584. ~P~0rLrv Herm.1. 600. *T;7aTo Campb. T'arTo MSS. 0 7'TarTo edd.1. 6o7. *dcicap1AavrT- Herm. d cuparot MSS.
1. 613. *pa'pwvcv Herm. Cplrlc MSS.1. 648. *7' Vat. Ven. 617 corr. Y' om. most MSS.1. 736. */e. The reading in the text is that of L. with *pe for ye.
Another reading which has MS. authority is d .ov y&p 7) '~i Xp7 -eT7iJa' dPXcl XOovY0s;
1. 747. ob *Ta'v Elmsl. obs av L.1. 796. tirdpecpor v dpXair. The corresponding words in 1. 786 are
p{LVLpos oEI's, so that we have v,,,--=-,v--. rcIpepos dpXats(u-u-) with ,TE'evyev for pbqetos in 1. 786 cj. Campb.
1. 815. *Cm V V'lqtco Dind. i~rnvvp los MSS.
o06 EXPLANATION OF THE MIARKS IN THE TEXT.
1. 840. * oXoE'vav Martin. ~XohVav MSS. oiXoph&ov Wunder with L.1. 849. Upvua or 'py ya MSS. Herm. conj. ippa.1. 851. toi7' v fporo^atLv, oT7' EY vEcpotFe. The line does not corre-
spond to 1. 870, iaiyvtYr)TE yadlwv lcvp'4as,
1. 887. *aqEE Edd. ~qErTE L.
XP'. So the MSS. Most edd. XP. See on Aj. 1373, E1. 606.1. 888. *TVUtPE'eale Tricl. rv1Ape~rEv L.
1. 935. fKP. It is doubtful whether these lines should be given toCreon. They are more natural in the mouth of the Chorus. And soBoeckh.
1. 941 . *SarmLacv Seyffert. aoatXi~a MSS.
1. 948. *ial Herm. om. MSS.
1. 954 *b&pox Erfurdt. 6 3Ppos MSS.
1. 955. *Xl5XOXO Scaliger. 6$vXdxws MSS.1. 966. *aryAdaiwv Wieseler. reXha-Elv VErpwpv MSS.
1. 975. *dpaxOEvTrwv Lachmann. &paxO2v iyXEv' MSS.1. o1035. *ral Brunck. 8' brat MSS.1. 1037. *T7r Vdp&wv Blaydes. r
3Vy rpS most MSS.
1. 1098. [Kp'ov] has some MS. authority, but L. reads haPerv or XaeidV.1. Iio8. *'r' i'r' Tricl. fr', iT', or o-r7' MSS.1. 1134- *r1*V dP~IIp6.cv Campb. Trv om. MSS.1. 141. *dlA Boeckh. om. MSS.1. I146. *& Campb. i MSS.
*~&arpw v XopayE* Campb. xopay- a'YrpwOy MSS.1. 1152. *Oviatav Boeckh. Ov&iv MSS.1. 1265. *1ost Turneb. Ic'/ot MSS.1. 1301. tripte doubtful in meaning.1. 13Io. *a!a~ Erfurdt. Od3 cp5E MSS.1. 1336. *~pp ^aL Campb. Ap^ or p&w^ i 'v MSS,
1. 1340. *cdjarTavov Herm. icardTravov MSS.
1. 1344. *rCivTa yap. wra aia OW [i.e. ra xAhLO^] r&vra ly&p MSS.
. 1345* *rdy Brunck. rd8' iv MSS.
METRES.
I. Parodus-orpoqg a'. Ioo-o09= 17-126.
Seven Anapaests after Strophe and Antistrophe.aTpogig 3'. 134-I40=148-I54-
Seven Anapaests after Strophe and Antistrophe.II. First Stasimon-
OrpoP' a'. 332-342=343-353.
arpoP7 /'. 354-364=365-375.Antistrophe 0' followed by eight Anapaests.
III. Second Stasimon-Crpop' a'. 582-592= 593-603.arpoq, /'. 604-614=615-625.
Antistrophe /' followed by five (?) Anapaests.IV. Commos-
arTpoq a'. 806--816=823-833.Six Anapaests after the Strophe, four (five) after the Antistrophe.
a-po/h /'. 838-852=857-871.Four Iambic Dimeters after Strophe and Antistrophe.
VTo'r.. 876-883.V. Third Stasimon-
arpof4 a'. 944-954= 955-965.arpogQ) 0'. 966-976=977-987.
VI. Fourth Stasimon-e7rpop(p a'. III5-II25= I126-II35.expogbt/3'. I 136-1145 = 1146- 1152.
VII. Commos-arpop' a'. 1261-1277= 1284-1300.arpo pj F'. 1306-1325= 1328-1346.
INDEX.
ABSTRACT for concrete (i7Ta adCra-vacrC Cs), 533.
- (C0IC3oX), 250.- (rapaycaXtaa), 650.accusative, 42.- in apposition, 44, 126.- in adjuration, 758.- after verbal notion, 212, 859.- cognate, 289; (rTys Xaptv),
514; (Trpor&s Karapp'yvoat),675; (TvXhoV'v '~AKos), 972.
- followed by acc. in distribution,21, 561.
- local without prep., 811, 812.- with Xaxov-a, 820.-- with rEv $Erat, 778.- with a'cov, 961.action of the play condensed, 253,
693, 1236.active for middle (N#pEr), 464.- (7rpEaoE63ELv), 720.adjective, accumulation of, 586,
1204.- causative (dXao'v), 974.adjectives, compound of three ter-
minations, 134, 339-- compound and simple, 898.- proleptic use of, 881; (adlM&ovs
7rapaamirs), 791, 1302.
adverbs of manner (ds =5 ti), 706.alliteration, 52.anacoluthon, 234, 673,10 l02,1163.aorist (gnomic), 1353. "- (of momentary action), 406.apposition (hXdos= qPdha), 260.article (Tobs pixovs), 190.- (rda KpVXOvTra), 447.
article, emphatic, 235.- and infinitive, 664-- in numbers, 313.attraction, 404.asyndeton, 6oi, 651.augment, omitted in pluperfect,
1202.
Bull, wild, 351.burial, 256, 279, 517 fft
Chorus, 279.- and Antigone, 853, 872.- contrast in the songs of, 582 ff.- (y'povres) I60; (icopavii'a),
940; (O/ps dvares), 988.combined constructions (obic ar7T
OS, obI ErTLv OTE), 220; 308, 309.compounds of abrds (abrT
6rpEVos),
713; (avr6vopos), 821; (abr6-
XEIP), 1175.- second part of, 983.-- and simple, adj. 898.- with three terminations, I34,
339.connection of the scenes, 423.corpses, unburied, 256.Creon, suspicion of, 219.- character of, 661, 664.
Dative, of cause (v6 rY), 335.- with fpxopat, 849.- of interested person, 736.- local, ioo6.- of occasion, with relative clause,
391, 691.- ws i/ot, iI6I.- iaXrev, 560.
110 IN
dead, reached by offerings, 196.Dionysus (woXvi'vv1e), II 15.Dirce, 105.Doric forms, 630.- genitive, I 16.dual feminine, 769.
Ellipse, 29, 436.Epitheton ornans (E'cpoT'rTov). 430;
(aEapl~drov), 845.external nature, appeal to, 844.
Fable, inconsistency of, 50, 900o .
fatalism (of the qp"hat), 236.fate, man the sport of, 582 ff.- power of, 951.flute (of Dionysus), 965.future life, 73.
Gen. of cause (povri wv InarTai-acrs), 225, 630.
- of comparison, 114.- of description, 423, 1205.- (,acXip bop6s), 674.- of motion from, io, 417.- objective, II, 633, Io85, 1182.- of parentage, 38.- (xpeiaornv abXE'Vos), 1221.- (/q]pbI&v l'7ETro), 1oo8.- with rpor'jyopos, 1184.gods, the, above pollution, 1042.Homer and Sophocles, 718.Homeric expressions, 8 11, 812.Hypallage (vedicos dvap&v vaqAov),
794.
,Imperfect (with 'v), 260.infinitive, epexegetic, 206, 439.inversion ('Ls ds), 269.Ionic forms (dr6o'os), 163, 1223.
Justice, 451.- ideal of, 927.
Man, his power, etc., 332.masc. sing. of women, 836 ff.metaphor (winds), 136, 929 ;
(horse), 138, 291 ; (tribute),
DEX.
143; (rowing), 1.59; (ship),163; (dvElAvY ,pp6vsypa), 354;(lphXovv), 540; (3opbs... X
-
&nwz), 665; (6ppVr, 8epdBas),831; combined, 241.
middle (ApZt^aL), I336.- for passive (iX0ape1^), 93.- (rqiAeralt), 210.
- (6LatFa6'ee0a), 726.- reflexive (dsro-rp'EraL), 339.
- (8t1&fdaro), 355.- (4boiErtal), 713.
- (irpovOEro), 161.mules, used in ploughing, 34r.mythology, 944 ff.
Negative, position of, 96, 255.- repeated, 4, 6.neuter adjective with subst., 1 209;
(dvoiNa 8ovXEv1.trwv), 265.neuter substantive ( tArqla), 320;
(65odXev/a), 756.Niobe, 824, 5.nominative, indefinite, 618.noun and infinitive, 356 ft.
Olympus, 609.optative with ei, 1032.- generalizing, 375-- with relative, 666.ordeal, 264.
Paratactical construction, 332 ft.Parnassus, 1126.participle (proleptic), 752.passive, 66, 505.patronymic, vaguely used, 982.personification (AdXyo), 259.'play' on words, I I.pleonasm (dELIov'... dvri), 182;
(ii), 12 19.plural (ai(ara), 121; (6 o0), 226;
after o'rtLs, 709 ; (rayo's), o57 ;' concrete,' 961.
predicate (supplementary), 593 ft.preposition, omitted in first of two
clauses, 366, 85r, 1176.prolepsis, participle, 752.- adjective, 791, 1186, 1200, 1302.
INDEX.
prolepsis, adverb, lo69.prothysteron, 9.proverbial lafguage, 88.
Question, double, 248.
Repetition, for emphasis, 201, 207,470, 977.
- of words, 5.- in dialogue, 743 ff.
Simile (from the sea), 586 ff.- (from trees), 712 ff.singular (collective), io6.schema Chalcidicum, 18o.- Oa4as PPBq E, 246.
"Ayos (expiation), 775.ayXtoTE a, 174.aosiX4 (adjective), 192.dhoos, 845.ap4, (Car'-), 602.av, omitted, 604.avtj'Wpevrov, 980.avanrarroV, .I I86.
a $6w, 1248.darqXhXaXOa, 400.adreOat, 17.aTEp, 4.avTrdXEp, 175.ap~ELELvY (' to neglect'), 414.
BaXPifEs (metaphorical), 131.3ado/Lae, 66, 1073.iXE'lTEv ELs,, 922.
ai, 318.EL.X6S, 326.aepas, with genitive, 944.
BetgoEtpos, 140.&Sp0t E pris, 1229.A1i'7, assessor of the gods below,
451.Atics /4Opov, 854.EvaXipwLca, 126.
El, with subj., 710.e~ice Ovy , 718.
Sophocles and Herodotus, 905 ff.subjunctive with inri, 1025.Synaphea, 409.
Time (Oe^v ovives), 607.tmesis, 427, 977, 1107, 1273.tragedy, Aristotle on the develop-
ment of, 223.
Verbal adjective (oE qbtepos), 786.
Waste places, sacred, 773.watchman, character of, 223, 227,
249, 404.women, in Greece, 578.
ic (Icpwv Ic r 'ycuv), 411.- redundant, 15o.- =v ro, 63.KCrCtXE, 478.
EICa&Erae, 713.v 4, with verb, 420.
- 'eivP, 1097IEVnIJos, 77.e 7F iETov, 18.
iC$erat (for u- v-), 351.irdErat, 362.n~ryvwc, 960.
&rci, with subj., 1025.cr47po'yv, 1183.
rni, in compounds, 1030, 1288.- with dat., 7,59.- with XXEat1, 1140.
- with gen. (br' AvOp'rnwv), 790.EltmIravEL, 1030.
r1arcl7rTolatL, 1313.ppyov (duty), 730.
Epo'Ov, 159.ipwya, 1336.'Epws, 78I ff.
saXOrAyv for (dvX 6 prlY), 467.6v 1 s, 1224.XEV 'iratvov, 817.
Zebs, 604 ff.- piCetos, 487.
III
II 2 INDEX.
Zsis ~dvatpos, 658.- rpoTratos, 143.(#v (' to be in force'), 457.
O4rB7, 0IoI.OvpU, 10o85.
'I XoXvc'wv, 34o.tE IPos, 795, 6.'ceOt, 71.FaraaOat, 299.
Kai, position of, 28o.- repeated, 577.- 7, 245.aXXalv, 20.
ic&pa, and genitive, i.ICEETrat, 485.arXatr, 1302.
rICE'7Tr, 681.CotVds, 1, 57.Iovts, 602.Kparrl, 6o.Ir1/ara, 782.
AaI'v, 439.Aa/xv, 1094.AciXos (X'Xos), 1303.?lOoora&'s, 1216.Aytl~iv (metaphorical use of the
word), 00ooo, 1284.
MdcaCO (=rVdrEpos), 637.ouTICCes, 852, 867.
/A7, omitted, el 8' ov, 722.- in relative clauses, 546.
N0Vovs, 453-vdaos, use of, in Soph., 732.
'OTYoolyv, 625.brofov oixPi, 3.6
p9Odrovs, 985.vs v'v, without antecedent, 35.ou, with infinitive (of a fact), 378.o0) jb (with fut. indicative), I042.
IIa/AlJ7crwp, 1282.
rdaproxAs, 614.rapi, with genitive, of locality,
966, I123 (?).7rapEipv, 367.reptacd, 68.
iTX7prr, 1052.roAdrxay-cror ("AErs), 615.irods, compounds of, 985.
paaacrv icacws, icaici, 565.*rpoOdEs, 23.lrpoOcrEv, 249.wpd&, with genitive, 704.wpoUyopor, I185.rTporilOcOat, 161.
Saivt, 1214.* 7arov39 ( .o7), 231.aTvrTa, 1156.
7rT'TEtv, 292.vZv, in composition, 364.
avvrTE'UELv , 1103.oXEadv r (ironical), 470.
TayclaT, 1152.rT al (' or'), 328.rit dAAo, 646.rts, indefinite, 252.
T7S, minatory, 751.r'XAha (' crime'), 371.
TP1c67 (io'T), 1078.rpdxov1, o065.TV4,XCOOIE, 972.
PTIApM, 846.biriXXovao, 509.bnd (with dative of the agent), 975.
Q4v'yo, 263.q5ov'a (cvis), 602.4povEy 'Lov, .375.N4ats (' brood'), 345.
Xciptv, 37!.XP7 = XPh', 887.XPi~'as, 104.
'ns iav (implying command), 21I.
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