university of maryland presentation (2012)

University of Maryland Energy Research Center University of Maryland Energy Research Center

Combined Heat, Hydrogen, and

Power Plant Design for the

University of Maryland UMD CHHP Design Team

represented by Jennie Moton, Daniel Spencer,

Richard Bourne, and Kyle Gluesenkamp

2011-2012 Hydrogen Student Design Contest

sponsored by the Department of Energy

University of Maryland Energy Research Center

Hydrogen Education Foundation’s

2011-2012 Competitive Challenge

Challenged to design an innovative CHHP system for the University of Maryland College Park campus, the student team developed and addressed:

• Feedstock analysis

• Technical design

• Safety and code compliance

• Campus end-uses

• Cost, credits, revenue and savings

• Environmental analyses

• Business, marketing and public education plans

Required design specifics include:

• Characteristics of the resources available on-site and nearby

• Fuel conversion system

• CHHP system


UMD Campus Power Plant and Carbon FootPrint

• UMD has on campus a natural-gas-

fired combined cycle power plant that

produces up to 25.9 MWelec

• Intermediate pressure steam (900 kPa,

260 C) shipped around campus for

steam-turbine driven chillers

providing 13 MW of cooling as needed

• UMD Carbon Footprint (FY 2008)

based on “Carbon Footprint of the

University of Maryland College Park:

An updated inventory of greenhouse

gas emissions: 2002-2008”

– dominated by electric power demands

UMD combined cycle

power plant

Steam-driven chiller for

waste heat recovery

°


UMD Campus Power Plant and Carbon FootPrint

°


"Comes in dirty, goes out clean,

keeps the campus running green."

• Competition Objective: Design a Combined Heat, Hydrogen and Power (CHHP) System for the Univ. of Maryland (UMD) College Park campus using local resources

• Inputs: Local waste resources

• Outputs:

– Electrical power from fuel cell

– Building heating from fuel cell exhaust

– Excess hydrogen from fuel cell exhaust


"Comes in dirty, goes out clean,

keeps the campus running green."


CHHP Sankey Diagram (Energy)


Value Proposition for CHHP System at UMD

• Reduction of ~6,700 metric tonnes/yr landfill waste removal

• Steam: ~160 kg/hr at 900 kPa, 260◦C for on-campus cooling/heating

• Electric power: average 1.2 MWe to reduce external load

– offsets power purchased from the grid

• Hydrogen Fueling Station: 17.8 kg H2/hr

–approximately 250 kWe net power in PEMFC systems for UMD shuttles,

i.e., ~ 6 – 8 fuel cell powered buses


Feedstock Waste Streams

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

JAN FEB MAR APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT

Po

we

r (M

W)

Paper Plastic Total Power After Efficiencies

Combined monthly power from waste streams collected

from UMD campus and the City of College Park for ten

months out of the year 2011.


8%

16%

34%

10%

15%

17%

Wood

Yard Waste

Paper

Rubber

Plastic

Food Compost

83%

7%

10%

Paper

Plastics

HDPE

Feedstock Waste Streams


Anode feed

supplemented with

pipeline NG as

needed to increase

H2 yield and meet

anode feed

requirements

Gasifier and Fuel Processing

5% H2

<0.002% CO

55% CO2

40% CH4

Cyclone

Electrostatic precipitator

Chiller (tar removal)

Acid gas removal

• Metal separator, shredder, feed to gasifier (Thermogenics Model # 106)

• O2 gasifying agent - high reaction rates and minimal syngas dilution

• Moving bed, refractory lined to enable high temp operation

Tgasifier = 900oC

Pgasifier = 1 bar

1 kg of waste (paper + plastic),

ratio ~3:1,

Energy content ~ 25 MJ/kgwaste

Oxygen

generator Gasifier Syngas

Cleanup

Methanation

Rector

T = 400oC,

P = 30 bar

C(S) and

H2O

removal DFC

0.944 kgsteam/kgwaste


Anaerobic Digester

Heat Exchanger

Biogas Biogas

Clean

Up

* Commercial Designs Available from: Advanced Green Energy Solutions LLC , New Energy Solutions, Inc.

Waste +

Water Water

Particulates H2S Removed

• Complete mix, mesophilic (32-35 ⁰C; 21-day retention; 1,520 m3 )

• Wastes Processed: food, stall waste, leaves, yard waste

• Amount of waste processed: 1.56 m3/hr

• Amount of biogas produced: 32.7 m3/hr

Liquid + Solid Effluent


CHHP Sankey Diagram (Energy)


Fuel Cell Energy 1.5 MW MCFC

• 1.5 MWelec Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) used as

power plant and H2 production

− Electric efficiency in simple-cycle configuration: 47%

− Net electrical output in plant: 1.4 MWe

− Fuel consumption: 308 standard m3/hr

− Average water consumption: 1.0 m3/hr

− Exhaust temperature: 370 +/- 30 ⁰C


Heat Recovery System

• CHHP system utilizes 3 thermal loops:

1. A high pressure steam system provides supplemental steam

to the methanation reactor to increase CH4 production for

fuel cell anode

2. A medium pressure steam system provides steam to the

existing campus steam system for heating and heat

activated cooling

3. A hot water loop provides heat for the digester and other

process heating applications

• Condensate is collected from campus and water-gas shift

reactor


Heat Recovery System


H2 Recovery, Compression, and Storage

• Water gas shift/heat exchanger reactor (WGS/HEX)

• Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) H2

Separation

• H2 compressed and stored in 1500 kg

cylindrical storage tanks at 34.5 MPa


• Waste streams converted to methane via gasification and digestion

• Methane is reformed to H2 in anode and utilized to produce electricity

• Excess H2 is recovered from the fuel cell anode exhaust

• Remaining thermal energy in exhaust is used to create steam for

cooling and heating

System Design

Organic

Waste

Inorganic

Waste

Campus

Power

Grid

Campus

Steam

System

Methanation

Reactor

Biogas

Cleanup

PSA Air

Separator

Gasifier

WGS

Reactor

H2

Compression

and Storage

Methane

Cleanup

PSA H2

Separator

Heat

Recovery

Steam

Generator

Anaerobic

Digester

Anode Cathode

MC Fuel Cell

H2

Fueling

Station

Air


Siting Requirements for the CHHP Plant

• In close proximity to

existing water, electrical,

and steam line connections

• Satisfy safety and nuisance

requirements for storage of

waste and hydrogen

• Built near an easily

accessible road for the

campus shuttle system

• Publicity and promotion of

hydrogen and waste-to-

energy sustainability

concepts

Comcast

Center


Environmental and Safety Analysis

• Avoided fuel consumption: 52,288 MW-hr/yr.

• Equivalent CO2 emissions reduction:

– 13,000 metric tonnes/yr

• Greater than 4% of 300,000 metric tonnes/yr for entire campus

and commuter operation (according to campus Carbon

Footprint Report)

• Safety/Failure Mode and Effect Analysis

• The UMD 2012 Design Criteria/Facility Standards Manual

–Includes NFPA, OSHA, COMAR (Code of Maryland

Regulation), and EPA standards


Costs, Credits, Revenue, and Savings

Capital Expenses = 10.4M

- Gasifer = 2.3M

- Digester = 2.0M

- DFC 1500 = 3.4M

- BOP = 2.7M

Tax Credits = 3.6M + 0.5M/yr + Fed FC incentive ($3/kW) = 3.6M (one time)

+ Clean Energy Incentive ($0.0085/kWh) = 0.2M/yr

+ Production Tax Credit ($0.0011/kWh) = 0.27M/yr

Operating Expenses = 2.2M/yr - Operation/maintenance = 0.7M

- Labor (operating/management) = 1.0M

- Insurance & contingency set-aside = 0.5M

Revenue = 0.9M/yr + Heat + Electricity + H2 = $0.9M/yr

UMD Campus savings from offset consumption = 1.4M/yr

+ Heat, Electricity, & diesel that are not generated or purchased


Marketing and Education

• Internal student design competition

• Education and marketing activates

–Maryland Day Tours

–K-12 program on sustainable waste

management and energy

–Project-based learning; ENES232,

ENME489K, ENST

• Partnering with local technology

developers

–Test bed for waste processing, etc…

• Advertisement

–Location near the Comcast Center

with nationally broadcast sport events

–Buses as mobile advertising and

hubs of H2 educational facts


Is CHHP feasible?

Technical/Economic Challenges and Future Studies

• Detailed assessment of available

waste resources

• Appropriate solution for

recyclable waste?

• Arrangement for times of low

resource input

• CHHP System upfront

cost/profitable waste

University’s Commitment to Sustainability

“I hope we will have some form of waste to energy on campus before I

retire, and hopefully we can use some of your design concepts.”

from Joan Kowal, Energy Facilities Manager at UMD

UMD Sustainability Report


Electricity: 1.2MWe

Thermal Energy: 160 kg/hr

Hydrogen Fuel: 17.8 kg/hr

Transforming WASTE to ENERGY

From Waste To Energy And beyond…

Reduced CO2 Emissions:

13,000 metric tonnes/yr

Landfill waste

removed:

6,700 metric

tonnes/yr


University of Maryland Team Members

Jennie Moton Islam Ibrahim Ahmed Ahmed Gomaa

Kyle Gluesenkamp Richard Bourne

Will Gibbons Diane Mcgahagan

Sahil Popli Chetali Gupta

James Daniel Spencer Andrew Taverner

Abdul Bari Jiaojie Tan

Pritham Prabhakher Dulany Wagner

Pruthvish Patel Meron Tesfaye

Uzair Ahmed Yiqing Wu

Rich Spadaccini Viviana Monje

Bracha Mandel Hannah Shockley

Rob Nisson Shariq Hashme

Jonathan Chung Jorge Prado

Brian Hoge Casey Smith

Prof. Greg Jackson (Faculty Advisor, Associate Director of UMERC)


Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the following , without their help

this project would have been impossible.

UMD Faculty and Staff

Dr. Greg Jackson

(faculty advisor)

Joan Kowal

Bill Guididas

Michael Dwyer

Dr. Stephanie Lansing

Sally DeLeon

Erika Laubach

Corporate Partners

World Hydrogen Energy

Conference & Sponsors

Thermogenics Inc.

Advanced Green Energy Solutions LLC

Clayton Industries

Applied Compression Systems

Pepco Energy Services

BioFerm Energy

TEMCo Industrial Power Supply

GDF Suez Energy NA

And special thanks to the City of College Park for their waste

university of maryland presentation (2012)

Presentations & Public Speaking

power plant design

power chhp system

department of energy

electrical power

monthly power

carbon footprint umd

umd reduction

umd shuttles