update on african swine fever (asf) · • large dna virus, asfivirus, sole member of asfarviridae...

Animal Production and Health Commission for Asia and the Pacific (APHCA)• 5 November 2019 • Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Update on African swine fever (ASF)

Dr Lesa ThompsonRegional Veterinary Officer

OIE Regional Representation for Asia and the Pacific


African swine fever (ASF)

• Large DNA virus, Asfivirus, sole member of Asfarviridae

• Unrelated to classical swine fever (CSF) although signs may be similar

• ASF is a contagious haemorrhagic viral disease of domestic & wild pigs

• Serious economic & production losses

ASF is listed as notifiable in the World Organisation for Animal Health

(OIE) Terrestrial Animal Health Code & must therefore be reported to the

OIE.


ASF transmission

• Transmission– Direct contact with infected domestic or wild pigs, live or dead

– Indirect contact, through ingestion of contaminated material (e.g. food waste, feed or garbage containing pork products)

– Contaminated fomites (e.g. shoes, clothes, vehicles, knives, equipment)

– Biological vectors (soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123751584000080

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123751584000080


Clinical signs

• Various

– High fever

– Depression

– Anorexia & loss of appetite

– Haemorrhages in skin (redness on ears, abdomen, legs)

– Abortion

– Cyanosis

– Vomiting diarrhea

– Death within 6-13 days (up to 20 days)

– Mortality < 100%

Manan VatsyanyanaAFP/Getty Images


Diagnosis

• Suspect based on clinical signs

• Confirmation with laboratory tests (particularly to differentiate from CSF)– OIE Reference Laboratories for

ASF: South Africa, Spain, UK


ASF outbreaks notified to the OIE since 2005 (cumulative)


Global situation of ASFJul - Dec 2019: current disease events shown


• China: First ASF report in Asia on

3 August 2018

• Since then, ASF confirmed in many other countries: Cambodia, Hong Kong, Korea (DPRK), Korea (ROK), Lao PDR, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, Timor-Leste & Vietnam.

ASF outbreaks since August 2018

Regional situation of ASF


At least 60% of the world’s domestic pig population is concentrated in east and southeast Asia.

High impacts on economic losses and food security


Country Total out-

breaks

On-going out-

breaks

% admin-

istrativedivisions affected

Total animal losses in previous update

Total animal

losses in this update

TOTAL ASIA

6,610 6,437 - 4,262,406 4,262,511

Cumulative reported

outbreaks & animal losses


Not easy to differentiate from other swine diseases

Virus is relatively stable and resistant so can survive long time in environment and contaminated pork products

No effective treatment or vaccine

No public health or food safety concerns

African Swine Fever

Problems with control of ASF


Prevention

• Early detection & biosecurity

• Border vigilance

• Enhanced awareness among stakeholders– Enhanced on-farm biosecurity measures

– Enhanced national sanitary measures on waste disposal from aircrafts/vessels/passengers

• Enhanced passive surveillance & immediate reporting


Control

• Strict biosecurity & quarantine

• Movement control

• Culling

• Compensation

• OIE international standards for risk management of TADs to reduce the risk of exporting disease to trading partners


Challenges identified as specific for Asiaproving that ASF control is “not one size fits all”

Pig production and pig value chains are complex

• Dense population of pigs in east and southeast Asia

• Large numbers of small-scale pig farming with low biosecurity

• Complex value chains that operate across national borders

• Cultural practices around pig use and food consumption may create additional risk pathways

• Globalisation has made it easy for people and products to travelrapidly and over long distances


ASF Regional Collaborative Framework for Southeast and East Asia

Objective: To prevent the spread and mitigate the impacts of ASF in SE Asia (and E Asia)

Better understanding of ASF

Enhanced risk-based strategy and implementation for ASF prevention and control

Strengthened policy and enabling environment

Enhanced risk communication and policy advocacy

• Research gaps and priorities

• Operational research to support evidence based planning and decisions such as value chain mapping

• Surveillance• Risk assessment• Risk mitigations in

immediate, medium and longer terms

• Human and financial resources to respond to ASF

• Legislations and regulatory frameworks

• Communication and advocacy strategies for specific stakeholders

• Enhanced veterinary services’ communication

• Policy advocacy

Developed required capacity

Technical capacity: LaboratoryField investigation and responseOperational capacity: Emergency preparedness

Enhanced collaboration and coordination

Multi-sectoral - Public-private partnerships, inter-ministries, academia, Multi-lateral – subregional, regional, global, interregionalMulti-disciplinary approach – research networks


Evidence-based planning for longer term ASF prevention & control

Operational research to better understand ASF for efficient outbreak

containment

Capacities & regional networks established to detect, control and

prevent ASF are enhanced

Emergency management missions

African Swine Fever Emergency Preparedness and Response in Asia


Standing Group of Experts on ASF for Asia • Enhance cooperation and information sharing between Asia and Europe on ASF

• Improve understanding of ASF, how it may evolve & short-/long-term impacts

• To facilitate coordination of ASF-related activities, FAO & OIE are working with members & other partners using GF-TADs mechanism

• Priority topics– ASF epidemiology, including risk-based surveillance

– Biosecurity

– Border control measures

– ASF risk communication


Global Initiative •Technical Item at the 87th OIE General Session (May 2019)

Jointly presented by FAO/OIE

Outline

• Global ASF situation

• Socio-economic impact

• Key epidemiological features & strategic control challenges

• Regional Initiatives

• Global Initiative

Strategic challenges to global control of African Swine Fever


Gaps to be addressed

• Strengthening of National Veterinary Services

• Support evidence-based planning & application of capacities at field level

• Development & availability of effective, potent & safe vaccine

• Development of reliable diagnostic tools, including rapid field DIVA test


Key points

• Due to possible global socio-economic impacts, the ASF control requires shared responsibility

– Political and technical commitment, transparency and sharing information (including timely notification)

• ASF situation in Asia is still evolving and expected to continue to spread due to complexity and diversified production systems and value chains


OIE communication campaign

https://trello-

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5e2f/3ece76b39e13320248a3520725644fd4/EN_GIF_CommercialPigFarms.mp4

https://trello-attachments.s3.amazonaws.com/5c501da3a4ba4c2c50ce308d/5c5c01143fa34d4525635e2f/3ece76b39e13320248a3520725644fd4/EN_GIF_CommercialPigFarms.mp4


Awareness materials in OIE Members

Australia China, P.R.

Japan

Korea, R.O. Thailand


Other ASF information & activities

• Standing Group of Experts on ASF for Asia

• OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code– Establishing a country, zone & compartment free

of ASF

– Recommendations relating to trade of pork & pork products

• OIE Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals

• ASF-related webinars

• Other resources are available online at OIE regional website

update on african swine fever (asf) · • large dna virus, asfivirus, sole member of asfarviridae...

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