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UPOV mission for enhancing the effectiveness of the PVP system

Plant Variety Protection under theUPOV Convention

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UPOV Headquarters, SeoulSeptember 3, 2015

Jun Koide (Technical Officer, UPOV)

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1. UPOV System of PVP 2. Benefits of UPOV membership3. Cooperation

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UPOV MISSION STATEMENT“To provide and promote an effective effective

system of system of pplant lant vvariety ariety pprotection rotection (PVP)(PVP), […]”

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“To provide and promote an effective effective system of system of pplant lant vvariety ariety pprotection rotection (PVP)(PVP), […]”

PPlant lant BBreeder’s reeder’s RRight (PBR)ight (PBR)

UPOV MISSION STATEMENT“[…] with the aim of encouraging the encouraging the

development of new varieties of development of new varieties of plants, for the benefit of societyplants, for the benefit of society”

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“[…] with the aim of encouraging the encouraging the development of new varieties of development of new varieties of plants, for the benefit of societyplants, for the benefit of society”

Impact of Plant Variety Protection and UPOV membership

1. UPOV System of PVP

(a) Importance of plant breeding and Plant Variety Protection

(b) Sources of impact of Plant Variety Protection

(c) Key features of PVP System





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NEW VARIETIESNEW VARIETIES

BREEDERSBREEDERS

Importance of Importance of Plant Variety ProtectionPlant Variety Protection

•• YieldYield•• ProfitabilityProfitability•• Resistance to pests Resistance to pests

and diseasesand diseases•• Stress toleranceStress tolerance•• HarvestabilityHarvestability•• Crop qualityCrop quality•• Input efficiencyInput efficiency•• Variety diversityVariety diversity•• New markets …etc.New markets …etc.

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CONSUMERSCONSUMERS

FARMERS, FARMERS, GROWERSGROWERS

•• YieldYield•• ProfitabilityProfitability•• Resistance to pests Resistance to pests

and diseasesand diseases•• Stress toleranceStress tolerance•• HarvestabilityHarvestability•• Crop qualityCrop quality•• Input efficiencyInput efficiency•• Variety diversityVariety diversity•• New markets …etc.New markets …etc.

Plant Variety Protection: Improving Income for Farmers and Growers

variety CHOICE+ INFORMATION on performance+ DELIVERY of good quality planting material= Opportunities forADDED VALUE

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Plant Variety Protection: Improving Income for Farmers and Growers

variety CHOICE+ INFORMATION on performance+ DELIVERY of good quality planting material= Opportunities forADDED VALUE

Importance of Plant BreedingImportance of Plant Breeding

b = 0.0921955-2005

8Bernard Le Buanec, Second World Seed Conference (Rome, September 2009)

b = 0.001815-1945

b = 0.0921955-2005

Improved VarietiesImproved Varieties

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Dok-Ya-Cheong-Cheong Resistant to phytophthora blight/virus

Phytophthora blight (Fungal disease):- above : Resistant varietyResistant variety- below: Susceptible varietySusceptible variety

Chang Hyun Kim, Second World Seed Conference


BREEDERSBREEDERS

Importance Importance of Plant Variety Protectionof Plant Variety Protection

•• Reduced food costReduced food cost•• Efficient land useEfficient land use•• Nutritional quality, Nutritional quality,

taste etc.taste etc.•• Storage qualityStorage quality•• Diversity of Diversity of

productsproducts

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CONSUMERSCONSUMERS


•• Reduced food costReduced food cost•• Efficient land useEfficient land use•• Nutritional quality, Nutritional quality,

taste etc.taste etc.•• Storage qualityStorage quality•• Diversity of Diversity of

productsproducts

Glucosinolate content from 100 µmoles (‘Jetneuf’) to 12 µmoles (‘Samouraï’)

SEMINAR ON SEMINAR ON PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION AND PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION AND

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER: TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER: THE BENEFITS OF PUBLICTHE BENEFITS OF PUBLIC--PRIVATE PRIVATE

PARTNERSHIPPARTNERSHIPYves Lespinasse

LEAR: Low Erucic Acid

11Canola

HOLLI: High Oleic and Low Linolenic

World Total Rapeseed Production

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 2009

Year

Mill

ion

met

ric to

ns

12

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 2009

Year

Mill

ion

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ric to

ns


BREEDERSBREEDERS

Benefits of the PVP systemBenefits of the PVP system

DELIVERINGDELIVERINGIMPROVED IMPROVED

VARIETIES TO VARIETIES TO FARMERS & FARMERS & GROWERSGROWERS

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CONSUMERSCONSUMERS


DELIVERINGDELIVERINGIMPROVED IMPROVED

VARIETIES TO VARIETIES TO FARMERS & FARMERS & GROWERSGROWERS

INCOME & INCOME & KNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGE

DELIVERINGDELIVERINGADDED ADDED VALUEVALUE









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There are no restrictions on who can be considered to be a breeder under the UPOV

system: a breeder might be an individual, a farmer, a

researcher, a public institute, a private company etc.

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There are no restrictions on who can be considered to be a breeder under the UPOV

system: a breeder might be an individual, a farmer, a

researcher, a public institute, a private company etc.

EXAMINATION

•• NoveltyNovelty- the breeder provides information for the examination of novelty in the application form

•• DenominationDenomination- authorities should accept the denominationaccept the denomination that was submitted and registered with the first applicationregistered with the first application, unless such denomination is unsuitable in their territory- UPOV Plant Variety Database

•• DUSDUS- Trial- Cooperation (Exchange / Purchase of DUS Reports)

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•• NoveltyNovelty- the breeder provides information for the examination of novelty in the application form

•• DenominationDenomination- authorities should accept the denominationaccept the denomination that was submitted and registered with the first applicationregistered with the first application, unless such denomination is unsuitable in their territory- UPOV Plant Variety Database

•• DUSDUS- Trial- Cooperation (Exchange / Purchase of DUS Reports)

Utilizing protected varieties for breeding new varieties (Rep. of Korea)

Segregation

‘Daniela’ tomato ‘Duessra’ tomato

Breeder’s ExemptionBreeder’s Exemption

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Cross & selection

Long shelf life + more uniform fruitLong shelf life

Jin Young Yoon, WIPO Conference on Building Partnerships for Mobilizing Resources for Development (Geneva, November 5 and 6, 2009)

Enforcement of Breeders’ Rights

Explanatory notes UPOV/ENF/EXN/1

UPOV Convention requires members of the Union toprovide for appropriate legal remedies for the effectiveenforcement of breeders’ rights

It is a matter for breeders to enforce their rights

Non exhaustive list of enforcement measures

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Explanatory notes UPOV/ENF/EXN/1

UPOV Convention requires members of the Union toprovide for appropriate legal remedies for the effectiveenforcement of breeders’ rights

It is a matter for breeders to enforce their rights

Non exhaustive list of enforcement measures

UPOV/ENF/EXN/1 List of enforcement measures

(a) Civil measures

(b) Customs measures

(c) Administrative measures

(d) Criminal measures

(e) Measures resulting from alternative disputesettlement mechanisms

(f) Specialized courts21

UPOV/ENF/EXN/1 List of enforcement measures

(a) Civil measures

(b) Customs measures

(c) Administrative measures

(d) Criminal measures

(e) Measures resulting from alternative disputesettlement mechanisms

(f) Specialized courts

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BECOMING BECOMING A UPOV MEMBERA UPOV MEMBER

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HOW TO BECOME A MEMBER OF UPOV

see documents UPOV/INF/13/1 and UPOV/INF/6/3 at see documents UPOV/INF/13/1 and UPOV/INF/6/3 at http://www.upov.int/members/en/upov_membership.htmlhttp://www.upov.int/members/en/upov_membership.html

State/Intergovernmental Organization must:

• Have a law which conforms to the UPOV law which conforms to the UPOV Convention Convention

• Ask advice of the Counciladvice of the Council of UPOV

• If advice positiveadvice positive: deposit instrument of accession

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State/Intergovernmental Organization must:

• Have a law which conforms to the UPOV law which conforms to the UPOV Convention Convention

• Ask advice of the Counciladvice of the Council of UPOV

• If advice positiveadvice positive: deposit instrument of accession

UPOV UPOV status in 2015status in 2015

The boundaries shown on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UPOV concerning the legal status of any country or territory

Members of UPOV (73)Initiating States (16) and Organization (1)States (23) and Organization (1) in contact with the UPOV Office

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Applications for Plant Breeders’ Rights

>100,000 PBR titles in force

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>3,400 genera/species

(a) Breeders▪ Diversity of breeders▪ Number of breeders▪ Investment in breeding

(b) Improved varieties(c) Farmers, Growers, Consumers

▪ Delivering improved varieties to farmers growers▪ Delivering added value to consumers▪ Income and Knowledge

(d) International dimension▪ Development of new industry on foreign markets▪ Access to foreign varieties and enhanced domestic programs

BENEFITS OF PVP SYSTEM AND UPOV MEMBERSHIP

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(a) Breeders▪ Diversity of breeders▪ Number of breeders▪ Investment in breeding

(b) Improved varieties(c) Farmers, Growers, Consumers

▪ Delivering improved varieties to farmers growers▪ Delivering added value to consumers▪ Income and Knowledge

(d) International dimension▪ Development of new industry on foreign markets▪ Access to foreign varieties and enhanced domestic programs

Domestic – PVP introduced


BREEDERSBREEDERS

Benefits of UPOV: the International Dimension

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SOCIETYSOCIETY


Domestic (new PVP/UPOV)


BREEDERSBREEDERS

Benefits of UPOV UPOV member


BREEDERSBREEDERS

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SOCIETYSOCIETY


SOCIETYSOCIETY


600

800

1,000

1,200

Latin America Countries acceding to UPOV between 1994 & 2000

Applications (non-resident)

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0

200

400

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

Years after joining UPOV

Applications (residents)

Domestic (new PVP/UPOV)


BREEDERSBREEDERS

Benefits of UPOV

Breeder’s Exemption

UPOV member


BREEDERSBREEDERS

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SOCIETYSOCIETY


SOCIETYSOCIETY


UPOV memberDomestic (new PVP/UPOV)


BREEDERSBREEDERS

Benefits of UPOV

Breeder’s Exemption


BREEDERSBREEDERS

SOCIETYSOCIETY


SOCIETYSOCIETY


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World Branding Strategy of “Ashiro” based on PBR

EU

JapanUSA

Supply through the year

Lovely Ashiro

Supply of propagating material

International Market DevelopmentInternational Market Development

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New Zealand

Export of cut flowers

Chile

Supply of propagating material

Yasunori Ebihara, International Symposium (Seoul, August 2009)

Foreign New VarietiesForeign New Varieties

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-

20,000

40,000

60,000

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100,000

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140,000

0

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1987

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2004

2005

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Volu

me

(tons

)

Valu

e (B

illio

n Ks

hs)

Figure 2: Export of Kenyan Cut Flowers

Value (Billion (Kshs.)

Volume (Tons)

PVP Operational

UPOV Membership

Export of Kenyan Cut Flowers

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-

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

0

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1987

1989

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2004

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Volu

me

(tons

)

Valu

e (B

illio

n Ks

hs)

Figure 2: Export of Kenyan Cut Flowers

Value (Billion (Kshs.)

Volume (Tons)

PVP Operational

UPOV Membership

Evans Sikinyi, Second World Seed Conference

International Perspective

0

500

1000

1500

2000

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

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2010

2011

2012

2013

China (UPOV: 1999)

0100200300400500600700

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Rep. of Korea (UPOV: 2002)

020406080

100120

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Viet Nam (UPOV: 2006)

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0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

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2012

Australia (UPOV: 1989)

0

500

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2000

1976

1979

1982

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1988

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Japan (UPOV: 1982)

050

100150200250300350

1975

1977

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1987

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1991

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1997

1999

2001

2003

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New Zealand (UPOV: 1981)

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Harmonization, Resources and AssistanceHarmonization Resources Training & assistance

PVP Law • UPOV Convention• Explanatory Notes• Information materials

• UPOV Lex

• Distance Learningcourse

• TRAINERS

• UPOV events & activities

• Assistance by individual UPOV members

Ø Application • Model Application Form • EAF project

Ø Variety Denominations

• INF/12: “Explanatory Notes on Variety Denominations”

• UPOV Code

• PLUTO database

IMPL

EMEN

TATI

ON

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• Distance Learningcourse

• TRAINERS

• UPOV events & activities

• Assistance by individual UPOV members

Ø Variety Denominations

• INF/12: “Explanatory Notes on Variety Denominations”

• UPOV Code

• PLUTO database

Ø DUS Testing • General Introduction• TGP Documents• Test Guidelines• Model Agreement

(cooperation)

• GENIE Database

• Exchangeable softwareIM

PLEM

ENTA

TIO

N

Number of genera/species for which varieties protected by members of the Union: > 3,372

(>14,000 titles granted /annum)

COOPERATION

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Number of genera/species for which varieties protected by members of the Union: > 3,372

(>14,000 titles granted /annum)Practical DUS

experience offered for >3,305 genera and species

Agreements for cooperation between members of the Union: > 2,000

Cooperation between Authorities

Cooperation between Authorities can involve:

• purchase of DUS Test Reports from other Authorities

• bilateral arrangements to remove the need for duplication of DUS Tests

• centralized DUS testing at regional or global level

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Cooperation between Authorities can involve:

• purchase of DUS Test Reports from other Authorities

• bilateral arrangements to remove the need for duplication of DUS Tests

• centralized DUS testing at regional or global level

Cooperation between Authorities

Cooperation between Authorities is important for:• minimizing the time for DUS examination

• minimizing the cost of DUS examination

• optimizing examination of Distinctness in growing trials

• offering protection for all plant genera and species

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Cooperation between Authorities is important for:• minimizing the time for DUS examination

• minimizing the cost of DUS examination

• optimizing examination of Distinctness in growing trials

• offering protection for all plant genera and species