Economic Growth and Westward

ExpansionU.S. History Unit 4

Standards: SSUSH7 a-e

Early US Industrialization

Late 1700s-1800s Began in Britain but spread west Advances in technology led to economic

changes Factories transformed manufacturing Impacted trade and global economy

The Industrial Revolution

New inventions had great impact 1793 cotton gin processed cotton faster South became “cotton kingdom” Southern plantation owners got rich Made the South dependent on slave labor Also introduced interchangeable parts for

muskets that will spread to other industries

Eli Whitney

Samuel Slater – factory system Robert Fulton – steamboat Samuel Morse – telegraph John Deere – steel plow Cyrus McCormick – mechanical reaper

Sectionalism – economic, social, cultural and political differences that exists between different parts of the country.

Impact of Technology

Manifest Destiny

Mexico controlled Texas in the early 1800s Large number of US settlers living there 1834, Santa Anna took power Texas, under Sam Houston launched rebellion Declared independence on March 2, 1836 Led to war and the stand at the Alamo Texas won and became a republic until 1845 Was not annexed by US due to slave issue

Texas Independence

Texas was critical issue James K. Polk was “dark horse” winner Won on issue of annexing Texas and Oregon John Tyler called for joint resolution of

Congress Texas was admitted as a slave state in 1845 Oregon admitted in 1846 after Britain gave it

up

Election of 1844

Polk sent troops to the border Slidell to Mexico to settle border disputes Mexico refused to meet and US troops moved

into the disputed territory Mexican troops attacked,war declared US won easily when Scotttook Mexico City

War with Mexico

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo in 1848 US purchased New Mexico and California Boundary disputes continued Gadsden Purchase gave US all of the

remaining territory for $10 million. Completed continental expansion Gold was discovered in California in 1849

leading to rapid increase in population in the territories

Treaty and Purchase

Jacksonian Democracy

Supporter of manifest destiny Identified with the “common folk” Denounced “corrupt bargain” in election of 1824 Won presidency of 1828 Inspired Jacksonian Democracy – western expansion and

universal suffrage Rewarded his supporters using spoils system Favored strict interpretation of Constitution and laissez-

faire economics Actions contributed to national depression in 1837 Two party system returned with Jackson’s Democrats and the

opposition Whigs

Andrew Jackson

Native Americans viewed as obstacle to

expansion US forced Indians off lands for settlement Jackson supported Georgia’s removal of

Cherokee Trail of Tears – forced march of Cherokee to

Oklahoma in 1838

Indian Removal

Social Reforms

Education influenced by Horace Mann Believed education crucial to democracy Men and women should have access Created state Board of Education in MA

Temperance movement wanted to moderate alcohol

Convinced states to pass laws prohibiting sale

Education and Temperance

Gained following in 1830s South depended on slave economy Northern movement to abolish led by middle

class Black abolitionists were former slaves

Abolitionist Movement

Women supported other movements but faced

discrimination Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized firstconvention Seneca Falls Conference in 1848 called forwomen’s suffrage Susan B. Anthony became a leader

Women’s Rights