using hydrologic and hydraulic modeling water flow simulation in metamorphic urban watershed

International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) Volume 1 Issue 2 (April 2014)

ISSN: 2278-2311 IJIRAE | http://ijirae.com © 2014, IJIRAE – All Rights Reserved Page - 52

Using Hydrologic and Hydraulic Modeling Water Flow Simulation in Metamorphic Urban Watershed

Patil Prashant Jaysing

Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute, Mumbai [email protected]

Chaudhari Pravin S. Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute, Mumbai

[email protected]

Abstract- Anthropogenic activities result in significantly decrease of surface water quality of aquatic systems in watersheds. Rivers in a watershed play a major role in assimilating or carrying off municipal and industrial wastewater and runoff from agricultural land. River inflows contribute main pollutants to most lakes in a watershed, thereby tending to induce serious ecological and sanitary problems. The aim of this study is to model the rainfall runoff process and assessment of anthropogenic activity in an urban basin using available software. The land use and land cover are the most important factors in the analysis in highly urbanized catchments. The present study concentrates on the flow simulation of Mithi River catchment. The present study simulates the flow in Mithi River using Storm Water Management Model (SWMM.5). Keywords: Surface water pollution, Anthropogenic activity, Watershed modeling, SWMM.5

I. INTRODUCTION

Surface water pollution with chemical, physical and biological contaminants by anthropogenic activities is of great environmental attention all over the world. The constant discharges of domestic and industrial wastewater and seasonal surface run-off due to the climate all have a strong effect on the river discharge and water quality. However, rivers are the main water sources for domestic, industrial and agricultural irrigation purposes in a region, river water quality is one of important factors directly concerning with health of human and living beings. Therefore, it is imperative and important to have reliable information on characteristics of water quality for effective pollution control and water resource management. There is a great need to evaluate the river water quality and it is useful in identification of possible factors caused by natural and anthropogenic activities that influence water systems. [1] Surface water bodies are progressively subjected to pollution due to anthropogenic activities. In this paper assessed and examined the impact of human activities on spatial variation in the water quality of Mithi river watershed. [2]

Hence, it is essential to monitor water quality changes in the entire river, but it is tedious, time consuming and uneconomical. The mathematical models are the alternative way to describe the relation between waste loads and water bodies, since they allow immediate remediation before problems become prohibitively difficult to solve. This practice has grown in popularity in recent years and is becoming a common tool for the management of water resources.[3] For Mithi river study the EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is a dynamic rainfall-runoff simulation model used for single event or long-term (continuous) simulation of runoff quantity and quality from primarily urban areas.

A. Objectives of Study The aim of this study is to model the rainfall runoff process and assessment of anthropogenic activity in an

urban basin using available software. To estimate the quality and quantity of surface flow for different land use pattern using computer model

(SWMM.5) and generate pollutograph.

II. METHODOLOGY

Rainfall runoff plays important role in surface water pollution. Rainfall runoff carries pollutant from watershed catchment area to river channel. For this purpose rainfall runoff computation is important to know how much discharge carries by river channel due to rainfall occurring. Due to this rainfall runoff modeling required.



Fig.1: Methodology adopted in the computation of runoff

III. CASE STUDY The city Mumbai, financial capital of the state of Maharashtra, is situated on the west coast of India. Mumbai city

receives seasonal rainfall for four months, from June to September. Average rainfall is 2500 mm, of which 70 per cent is during July and August. Mumbai is lined on the west by Arabian Sea and is intercepted by number of creeks (Mahim, Mahul and Thane creeks), rivers (Mithi, Dahisa, Poisar and Oshiwara rivers, and their tributaries) and a complex nallah (drain) system.

Mithi river originating at Powai, Mithi river flows through Saki Naka, Safed Pool, around Santacruz airstrip, passing through thickly populated and industrial area like Jarimari, Bail Bazar, old airport road, Kalina (CST road), Vakola, Bandra Kurla complex, Dharavi and ends at Mahim creek. It serves as combined sewer for the area carrying sewage as well as storm water to sea. River bed is narrow in the initial stretch and is about 10 meters wide but at Bandra Kurla complex it is much wider. The river passes through congested residential colonies including hutments, which let out raw sewage in the river and also throw garbage in it. Due to this reason, the river bed is full of sludge, garbage and vegetation growth like Hyacinth in many parts. Cattle sheds in areas like Bail bazar, Jarimari, Andheri Kurla road etc. contribute animal waste. The do present study SWMM.5 software used for simulating models, SWMM.5 uses catchment area of Mumbai city, under the effect of Mithi River.

A. Calibration and Validation of Model (Pre Monsoon Time)

For calibration and validation of model land pattern of Mithi river watershed is run for 14 July 2009 rainfall data and it correlated with observed data of depth on that day. For is correlation hydrologic and hydraulic modeling of Mithi watershed is done. Land pattern used for calibration and validation of 2013 and the depth of water checked at Pawai station. Depth observed and simulated depth by SWMM software is correlated with each other.

Where, x = Observed depth (m) y = Simulated depth (m) Correlation coefficient r = 0.87

RAINFALL DATA

CATCHMENT DATA

CHANNEL DATA

INFILTRATION MODEL (GREEN AMPT)

ROUTING MODEL (KINEMATIC MODEL)

OUTPUT DATA

HYDROLIC AND HYDROLOGIC MODELING



From above graph observed that the simulated and observed depth at Pawai junction is correlated with each other with correlation coefficient 0.87 it mean that is very good result given by software and its use give good result.

Fig.2 Calibration graph

B. Water Quality Assessment for Dry Weather Flow (Post Monsoon Time)

To find the water quality in dry weather condition for this the water quality are checked at Mithi River. To check water quality the water samples were collected at two locations, one at Morarjinagar and the other at JVLR Bridge. Samples were collected at regular interval of one hour. At the same time the water depths were also measured to understand flow variation in that particular day. Collected sample are checked in laboratory and 5 day BOD determined. Using these experimental results and simulated model results are compared.

Site 1 (Morarjinagar): Morarjinagar site is first sampling point on Mithi river. From this point water sample collected at regular interval of one hours. The input data required for simulation of SWMM software is depth of water and water quality of water in intersected into this node into software.

Site 2 (JVLR Bridge): JVLR bridge point is second point sampling from this point water sampling and depth of water measured at regular interval of one hour. The simulated result given by software from inserting input data of site 1 is compare with result obtain at site 2 by field observed depth and laboratory tested BOD.

IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION A. Water Depth Observed and Simulated In Dry Weather Flow Condition at JVLR Bridge: B.

Fig. 3 Result of depth observed and simulated at JVLR Bridge Site by SWMM



Correlation coefficient r = 0.83 C. Water Quality Observed and Simulated In Dry Weather Flow Condition at JVLR Bridge:

Fig.4 Result of BOD observed and simulated at JVLR Bridge Site by SWMM

Correlation coefficient r = 0.65

From above table and graph it is observed that the BOD value of laboratory test and simulated BOD value by software (SWMM) is same and its result shows a good match with each other with a correlation coefficient of 0.60. Similarly result of depth observed and depth simulated matches good with correlation coefficient of 0.83.

D. Effect of continuous discharge on BOD:

It is observed that for a continuous discharge of 3m3/sec from Vihar Lake reduces downstream BOD by 50% at Morarjinagar and JVLR point. Thus to reduce BOD concentration from Mithi River continues discharge from Vihar lake is the best option.

Fig.5 Reduced BOD due to continues discharge at Murarjinagar and JVLR

V. CONCLUSION The model has been applied to the flood simulation of Mithi river urban catchment. The model has been used for the

simulation of the different rainfall intensity, and the different land use pattern. From this model simulation, we get the calibration and validation with correlation coefficient of 0.87. The model presented here can be effectively used to study the effect of change in land pattern on river quality and quantity. The model is also used for studying the dry weather flow condition. It is observed that the simulated and observed result of BOD matches with correlation coefficient 0.65 which is an indication of good result. For same condition depth simulated and observed of water in river channel matches with good result. In dry weather flow condition it is observed that continuous constant discharge from inlet of 3m3/sec



value of BOD reduced to half of the original value. Therefore, it can be said that the water quality, during dry weather, can be improved by releasing continuous discharge from the reservoir.

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