ux., l,dmh - m<uq ldKavh - 01 fj¿u

fuu jI_fha ckjdß udifha

isg Ök NdIdj ms<sn| m%Odk

mdGud,d 4 la ls%hd;aul fõ'

jhi wjqreÿ 18g wvq mdi,a YsIH

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y;r i|yd ld,h jI_ folls'

Level 1 yd 2 mdGud,d i|yd udi

04 ne.ska o Level 3 yd 4 mdGud,d

i|yd udi 08 ne.ska o jYfhka

fuu fojI_h i|yd úIh ks¾foaY

ie,iqï lr we;' tla tla wÈhr

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úiska úNd.hla mj;ajk w;r

i;=gqodhl m%;sM, w;alr .kakd

wNHdi,dNskag B<`. mdGud,dj

wOHhkh l< yelsh'

;jo jhi wjqreÿ 18 g jeä

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1,2,3,4 jYfhka mdGud,d 04la

wdrïN lr we;' HSK Level 1

mdGud,dj i|yd ld,h udi 04

ls' Level 2 mdGud,dj i|yd o

ld,h udi y;rls' Level 3 yd

4 mdGud,d i|yd ld,h udi

08 ne.ska fõ' tA wkqj mdGud,d

4 i|yd u fojI_hl ld,hla

.;fõ' Ök NdIdj ,sùu lshùu

l:d lsÍu yd ijka §u hk

isõ jeoEreï NdId ldhH_hka

ms<sn| ksmqK;dj ,nd§u fuu

mdGud,dj, wruqKq fõ'

ish¿u mdGud,d j, ta ta

wÈhr wjidkfha § ykanka

wdh;kh úiska mj;ajkq ,nk

úNd. m%;sM, u; B<`. wÈhr

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iEu úNd.hla fjkqfjkau

cd;Hka;r jYfhka ms<s .kq

,nk iy;sl m;%hla ,nd

§ug ykanka wdh;kh lghq;=

lrhs' fï yer fldka*shqishia

uOHdia:dkh 2014 jI_fha isg

wdrïN lrk ,o kj fiajdjla

jkqfha Ökfha úYaj úoHd, j,

´kEu mdGud,djla yeoEÍfï

wjia:dj Y%S ,xld isiqka fj;

,nd§fï iïnkaëldrl f,i

l%Shd lsÍuhs' ±kgu;a hqkakEka

iriúh Y%S ,xld isiqka we;=<;a

lr.ekSfï ldhH_h wdrïN lr

we;'

Ökhg wOHdmk pdßld

ixúOdkh lsÍfï ldhH_h o

uOHia:dkh úiska bgqlrk

;j;a fiajdjls' fï wkqj Èk 03"

05" i;sh yd foi;sh jYfhka jQ

wOHdmk pdßldj, ksr; ùfï

wjia:dj Y%S ,xlslhkag ,eîfï

wjia:dj kqÿre ld,fha §u

Wodjkq we;'

fuu wdh;kh yd iïnkaO ù

fuu fiajdjka ,nd .ekSug

Tng wdrdOkd lruq'

Ök cd;Hka;r .=jka úÿ,sfha WmfoaYl;ajfhka yd fldka*shqishia uq,ia:dkfha ^ykanka& wkq.%yfhka mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk fuu wdh;kh Y%S ,xldfõ mdi,l msysgqjd we;s tlu fldka*shqishia uOHia:dkhhs'

Ök NdIdj yd ixialD;sh Y%S ,dxlslhka fj; odho lsßfï wruqKska fldka*shqishia uOHdia:dkh msysgqjd we;'

fldka*sh

qishia

uOHia:d

kh ''''

CRI

Lumbini College, Havelock Town, Colombo 05. P. O. Box: 1774. Tel/Fax 00 94 11 2589747E-mail: criconfuciusclass@gmail.com

mgqk

Ök cd;Hka;r .=jka úÿ,sh

SINHALA SERVICECHINA RADIO INTERNATIONAL

No.16A, Shijingshan Road,Beijing, P.R. China Post code:100040

Tel: 00 86 10 6889 2330/2374Fax: 00 86 10 68892361

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2014 ud¾;= - uehs

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c.;a wfíisxy

iqo;a uvq.,a,

m%Odk ixialdrl

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ixialdrl

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iïm;a iór fmf¾rd

frâfuda ms%kaáka

m%ldYkh

Ök cd;Hka;r .=jka úÿ,sh

iy

YS% ,xld r;= l=rei iudch

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104" r;= l=rei f.dvke.s,a,"

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jevigyk - Ys% ,xld r;= l=rei iudch 20

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isxy, fiajh 34

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2

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ie<flk Ök uyd m%dldrh

f,dalfha b;du È.= ld,hla mqrd bÈ lrk ,o

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Ng m%ydr je<elaùug yels ùh' tl, ;snqKq

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Ökuyd

m%dldrh

3

l<fyd;a tajdfha uq¿ È. m%udKh lsf,daóg¾

mkia odylg jeä fjhs' tu È. m%udKh mD:sú

f.da,fha mßêhg jvd jeä fjhs'

Ök uyd m%dldrh f,iska oekg idudkHfhka

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krUd ;sfí'

wo iq/lsj ;sfnk uyd m%dldr fldgia lSmhla

w;r fnhsÔxys msysgd ;sfnk nd od ,Ska iy ia ud

;dhs" tu uyd m%dldrfha kef.kysr fldgfia

msysá Ydka ydhs .=weka ÿ¾.h úfYaIfhka i|yka

l< hq;=h' tajd b;du;a m%isoaO ixpdrl ia:dk

njg m;aj ;sfí' Ök uyd m%dldrh ish bmerKs

yd is;a .kakd iq¿ fmrÈ. woaN+; ,laIKfhka

hqla;j yeu úg u ixpdrlhka wdl¾IKh lr

.kS'

4

1' wêrdc ud<s.h ms<sn| y÷kajd§u

fnhsðx k.r uOHfha msysgd ;sfnk wêrdc

ud<s.h l<ska ;ykï k.rh jYfhka ye¢kaúK'

th f.dv k.k ,oafoa ñx rdcH fm<m;a fhdx,

iufha 18 jk md,k j¾Ifha§h ^l%s'j'1420&' ñx

iy Ñx rdcH fm<m;a foflys rcjreka 24

fofkla fuys jdih l<y' iei¢h fkdyels

bmerKs fYa%IaG f.dvke.s,s ixlS¾Khla jQ tu

ud<s.h" j;auka f,dalfha mj;sk úYd,;u iy

wx. iïmQ¾K oejfhka ;ekQ merKs f.dvke.s,s

ixlS¾Kh jkafka h'

kef.kysr isg ngysrg óg¾ 750la m<,aj iy

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lghq;= ls%hd;aul l< ia:dkhhs˜' we;=<;

fldgi —rc;=ukaf.a mjqf,a idudðlhka jdih

l< ia:dkhhs˜' ish¨u .Dy ks¾udK jHQyh"

f.dvke.s,s ixlS¾Kfha iEu me;a;lskau m%dldr

iy kÈfhka jg ù ;sfí' ud<s.fha fldka

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Ökfha fnhsðx kqjr msysá wêrdc ud<s.h f,dj

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Oj, ukaÈrh iy reishdfõ fl%ï,ska ukaosrhhs'

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hqfkiafldaj úiska kï lrkq ,en ;sfí' tu

kï lsÍfïoS hqfkiafldaj úiska fuu ud<s.

fha úYsIag;ajhka w.h lrkq ,eìK' Y;j¾I

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NdKav yd l,d lD;s iys; ldur 9000l fhdaO

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ft;sydisl idlaIshla ùu hk lreKq ta wkqj

w.h lsÍug ,la ù ;sfí'

2' wêrdc ud<s.fha uQ,sl wdlD;sh

ñx rdcH iufha§ f.dvk.k ,o fnhsðxys

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Ys,amfha wdo¾Yu;a ixfla;hls' Ñx rdcH iuh"

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wLKavju wkq.ukh l< w;r th úoyd mEuo

isÿ lrkq ,eìK'

wêrdc ud<s.h

5

ñx rdcH fm,mf;a pq ã rcq;=udf.a úOdkfhka

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W;=rg óg¾ 960 la È.e;s tu ud<s.h kef.kysr

isg ngysrg óg¾ 750 l È.lska hqla;h'

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.,ska iE¥ ðxIka m¾j;h fõ' m¾j;h mqrd

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m¾j;h" ud<s. .Dy ks¾udKd;aul ixlS¾Kfha

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iDcq ie,eiau iys; fomig úysfok uOH wlaIh

u; m%Odk Yd,d ;=k" m%Odk ud<s.d ;=k iy

rdclSh WoHdkh msysgd we;' fuu uOH wlaIh

;ykï k.rfha muKla fkdj" W;=re foig

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iy ukd ie<iqïlrKh iu.ska th w;sYhskau

o¾YKSh fõ'

wêrdc ud<s.fhys jdia;= úoHd;aul ie,eiau

iy ld¾hhka u;" —bÈß fldgi˜ rdcH lghq;=

l%shd;aul l< ia:dkhhs' —we;=<; fldgi˜

rc;=ukaf.a mjqf,a idudðlhka jdih l<

ia:dkhhs' ta wkqj m%Odk fldgia follg fnfoa'

ðheka Ñx fodrgqjg ol=fKka bÈß fldgi jk

w;r Bg W;=frka we;=<; fldgi fõ'

W;=ï iufha ud<s.dj" iu.sfha ueo ud<s.dj iy

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W;aij meje;ajQ ia:dkhhs' tu ia:dkh iaj¾K

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ldrl f.dvke.s,s ia:dms; lrkq ,eìK '

ðhekaÑx ud<s.dj" ðhd´;ehs ud<s.dj iy

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fldgi iukaú; fjhs' hdxiska ukaÈrh"

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fome;af;a ia:dms; lrkq ,eìK' miqmiska

;sfnk wêrdc WoHdkh rcq iy ìfidj we;=¿

rdclSh mjqf,a idudðlhka Ôj;a jk ia:dkhhs'

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3' wêrdc ud<s.h ms<sn| b;sydih

hqwdx rdcH fm<mf;ys ud<s.h u; mokïj ñx

rdcH fm<mf;ys pq ã wêrdchd úiska ls%'j' 1406

6

wrUk ,o fnhsðxys wêrdc ud<s.h ks< jYfhka

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isg 1911 fya § Ñx rdcH fm<m; wêrdcH n,h

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ñx iy Ñx rdcH fm<m;a fofla wêrdchka 24

fofkl= fuys jdih l<y'

4' wêrdc ud<s.fha m%Odk f.dvke.s,s

ms<sn| y÷kajd §u

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w;sYhska úÑ;%h'

W;=ï iu.sfha ud<s.h

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i|yd jeo.;a W;aij meje;aùfï ia:dkh ùfuka

wêrdchkaf.a wNsfIalh" WmkaÈk iy ux.,

W;aij ish,a, fuys meje;afjhs' tu ud<s.dj

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iu.sfha ueo ud<s.dj

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fojeks jif¾ tkï ls%'j' 1645fya isg iu.sfha

ueo ud<s.dj jYfhka y÷kajkq ,efí' ñx

rdcH fm<mf;a fhdx, iufha 18 jk j¾Ifha

^ls%'j' 1420& ;kd ksudjg m;a jQ iu.sfha ueo

ud<s.dj wêrdc ud<s.dfõ m%Odk Yd,d ;=fkka

tlls' W;=ï iu.sfha ud<s.hg msgqmiska msysgd

we;s iu.sfha ueo ud<s.dj úYd, W;aij

meje;aùug fmr wêrdchka i|yd úfõlh iy

pdß;% úê mqyqKq ,ndfok ia:dkhhs' fuu Yd,dj

.sks ydks ;=kla miqlr we;s w;r oekg mj;sk

jdia;= úoHd;aul ks¾udKh ñx rdcH fm<mf;a

^ls%'j'1627& áhekaðhs iufha y;ajk j¾Ifha§

kej; f.dvk.k ,o wdkqlrlhhs'

iu.s iqrlaIK ud<s.dj

fuh uq,ska ÑkafIka ud<s.dj f,i y÷kajk

,o w;r ñx rdcH fm<mf;a ðhdðx iufha §

7

ÑhekaÑ ud<s.dj jYfhka ku fjkia lrk ,§'

Ñx rdcH fm,mf;a Y=fjka Is iufha isg th

iu.s iqrlaIK ud<s.dj f,i y÷kajk ,oafoah'

ñx rdcH fm<mf;a fhdx, iufha 18 jk j¾Ifha

^ls%'j' 1420& ;kd ksudjg m;a jQ iu.s iqrlaIK

ud<s.dj wêrdc ud<s.dfõ m%Odk Yd,d ;=fkka

tlls' iu.sfha ueo ud<s.hg msgqmiska msysgd

we;s tu ud<s.dj rdclSh ;r.ldÍ úNd.j,§

wjika úNd.h meje;aùu i|yd fukau iEu

j¾Ihlu kj j¾Ifha ikaOHdfõ l=udrhka

iy wdosmdojreka fjkqfjka úfYaI fNdack

ix.%y meje;aùug we;s ia:dkhhs' iEu j¾I

;=klgu jrla mj;ajkq ,nk —wjika rdclSh

úNd.h˜ rdclSh úNd. l%ufhys Wiiau úNd.h

fõ' tA wkqj m<uq ia:dk ;=kg fY%aKs.; flfrk

—wxl tfla úoaj;d˜" —wxl fofla úoaj;d˜" —wxl

;=fka úoaj;d˜ we;=¿j ,shdmosxÑ jQ wh —W.;=ka˜

f,i wu;kq ,nhs'

5' wêrdc ud<s.fhys l;dka;r

1& YS; ud<s.h

—YS; ud<s.h˜ .ek oek .ekSug fmr —ud<s.h

;=k iy ueo ñÿ,a yh˜ ms<sn|j wjfndaO

lr.ekSug wjYHh' wêrdc ud<s.fha ueo

mdfrys we;s ðhekaÑx ud<s.dj ðhd´;ehs ud<s.

dj l=kaksx ud<s.h —ud<s.d ;=k˜ f,i y÷kajkq

,efí' mru n,h iys;j" iaj leue;af;kau

jevjiï wêrdchkag rdclSh Wmm;skshka f;dard

.; yelsh' f;daard .kq ,enQ tu ldka;djkag

ms<sn| m%idohla fkdue;s ù kï" urKh f;la

w;sYhska ÿlaLÞhl brKula iys;j /£ isàug

isÿúh' rdclSh Wmm;skshka iy l=urhka

isr .; lr ;eîu i|yd wêrdc ud<s.h ;=<

—YS; ud<s.fha˜ iaÒr fkdlrkq ,nk ish¿u

ia:dkj, msysàu fmdÿfõ —YS; ud<s.h˜ f,i

y÷kajhs' ñx iy Ñx rdcH fm<m;aj, ft;sydisl

o;a; msßlaiSfuka miqj" YS; ud<s.h hkq ksYaÑ;

ud<s.hl ks< kduhla fkdjk nj ;yjqre úh'

iuyr f,aLkj, igyka wkqj" ñx iy Ñx rdcH

fm<m;aj, YS; ud<s.d f,i f;dard.;a ia:dk

lSmhla ;sî we;'

2& wêrdc ud<s.h ;=< —ulreka˜ fndfyda

.Kkla we;af;a wehs@

;ykï k.rh hkq ulrekaf.a f,dalhls' tys

ulr iajrEm úúO bßhõ iy ,S,dj,ska hqla;h'

Ökfha jevjiï iudc l%uh ;=<" wêrdchka

8

f,dj md,lhka f,i;a —ulrekaf.a mq;%hka˜

f,i;a wu;kq ,enQy' ;ykï k.rh" ñx iy Ñx

rdcH fm<m;aj, wêrdc ud<s.h njg m;aùu

fya;= fldg f.k wêrdchkaf.a iy /ðkshkaf.a

uqød" frÈms<s iy rdclSh wdNrK fukau

ud<s.fha Yd,d" md,ï" mä" .,a leghï hkdoSh

ish,a,u ulrekaf.ka yev .kajd we;' fï

wdldrhg" wêrdc ud<s.fhys ulreka fldmuK

isào@ lsisjl=g fuu ixLHdj meyeos,sj lsj fkd

yelsh' o< ;lafiarejlg wkqj" tla ldurhlg

ulreka yhfofkl= ne.ska isà kï" ud<s.d mqrd

8000g wdikak ldurj, ulreka 40000 isáh

yelsh' ulr rEmfhka leghï l< ish¿u jdia;=

úoHd;aul ks¾udK iy rdclSh NdKav .Kka

lrkq ,nkafka kï" ixLHd;aul jYfhka th

úYd, .Kkla jkq we;'

o< ixLHdf,aLkhlg wkqj W;=ï iu.sfha

ud<s.fha jyf,ys uqÿka jeá W¿ leg iy lgdrï

hkdosfha muKla ulr rEm ks¾udK 2632 la jk

w;r jyf,ys msg; w.=fõ ljq¿ ,S ia;r" fodr

iy cfk,a" ljq¿ j¾K ieris,s j, ulr rEm

ks¾udK 5732 ls' ud<s.fha wNHka;r w.=j, iy

nd,al iS,sxys 4037ls' iaj¾Kuh ia:ïN" .,ajQQ

leghï ,E,s" isxydik" ;sr iy .Dy NdKav u;

609 ls' ud<s.fha wNHka;r ì;a;s iy WKqiqï

ueosß fodr wdjrK u; 542 la ulr rEm ks¾udK

we;' fuh wiïmQ¾K ixLHdjls' W;=ï iu.sfha

ud<s.fha wNHka;r iy msg; Yd,dj, mjd ulr

rE ks¾udK iy ulr leghï we;=¿ úúO wdlD;s

ulr rEm 13844 lg wêl m%udKhla ;sfí' fuu

wdldrfha ieris,s f;acjka; iy .=ma; wdldrfha

jgmsgdjl wdlD;shlg fndfyda ulr rEm

ks¾udKh lr we;af;a wêrdchd foajdfrdams;

lsÍug iy fmdÿ ck;dj ìh .ekaùu i|ydh'

3& m%Odk ud<s.d ;=k ;=< .ia fkdue;

W;=ï iu.sfha ud<s.dj" iu.sfha ueo

ud<s.dj iy iu.s iqrlaIK ud<s.dj hk ud<s.d

;=k flakaø lr.;a bosß fldgi jevjiï

wêrdchka rdcH lghq;= l%shdjg kxjñka

W;alDIaG W;aij meje;aùug fhdod .kakd

ia:dkhhs' tfukau th fnhsðx k.rfha flakaø

ia:dkh fjhs' fuu ud<s.dj" f;acia.;sh biau;=

lr fmkaùu msKsi" jdia;= úoHd Ys,amSka úúO

l%u Ndú; lr ;sfí' thska tlla jkqfha ud<s.d

N+ñh we;=<; .ia fkdue;s ùuhs' wêrdc ud<s.

fha m%Odk fodrgqj jk áheka wka uka fodrgqfõ

isg vqjka uka fodrgqj" jquka fodrgqj iy W;=ï

iu.sfha fodrgqj olajd" fuu ueo ñÿ,a fmf,ys

lsisÿ .ila fkdmj;s' ^vqjka uka fodrgqj jgd

.ia isgqjd we;af;a 1911 úma,jfhka miqjhs&' tl,

ck;dj wêrdchka neye olskafka kï" Tjqkg

áheka wka uka fodrgqjg msúi os.= rdclSh udj;

Tiafia weúo hEug wjYH úh' Wia my;a iy

fjkia jdia;= úoHd;aul ks¾udK yryd weúo

f.k hdfïoS" Tjqkg w;ska we,a,sh fkdyels iy

jeä j¾Okh jk wOHd;añl mSvkhla yef`.kq

we;' fï wdldrhg W;=ï iu.sfha fodrgqfjka

we;=¿ jk úg" Tjqkaj Wmßu wOHd;añl mSvkhg

,la fjhs' iqkaor wdjrK iy l=re¿ y~ iu.

fuu ueo ñÿ,aj, .ia j.d lf<a kï rdcHfha

f;acia ù jgmsgdj úkdY ù hkq we;'

wêrdc ud<s.fha fuu m%Odk ud<s.d ;=k wi,

.ia fkdue;s ùug fojk fya;=j jkqfhaa"

Ökfha mqrdK wêrdchka uQ,Od;= my ;=<ska

—fmdf<djg˜ whs;s ùuhs' uQ,Od;= my hkq hlv"

oej" c,h" .skaor iy fmdf<dj jkafkah' —oej˜"

—fmdf<dj˜ iu. wfkHdakH ndOdjla ;sîu" .ia

fuf,i m%;slafIam jkakg fya;= úh' m%Odk

ud<s.d ;=fka mdoia:h yqfola ol=Kg uqyqK,d

we;s Ök —gQ˜ —fmdf<dj˜ wlaIrh jeksh'

;=kajk fya;=j jkqfhaa" wêrdchka iy weu;sjreka

yg ydks lsÍug .ia w;r >d;lhkag ie`.ùug

bv fkdoSuhs'

9

1' o< y÷kajdoSu(

idïm%odhsl Ök ixialD;sl l,dx.hla jk

WoHdk ñksidf.a wOHd;aulh w,xldr lsÍu

msKsi .ia iy u,skaa hq;=j pdß;% ix.S;h wdosfhka

ire jQ ixialD;sl idrfhka mek ke.=kls'

iajdNdúl N+o¾Yk mdol lr f.k idokq ,nk

Ök WoHdk" iajNdj O¾uh wkqlrKh lsÍu

i|yd w;ska idokq ,nk lD;S%u ud<s.d" nrd|"

f.dvke.s,s iy uKavm wdÈh iu. msysgqjd

we;' úfYaIfhkau lú" lú .S; iy is;a;ïj,

tk úúO uÜgïj,ska ksrEms; ft;sydisl ld,

mßÉfþoj, olakg ,enqKq udkqIjd§ ye`.Sï tajd

u.ska ksrEmKh fõ'

2' b;sydih(

b;d §¾> b;sydihla iys; Ök WoHdk Ökfha

ft;sydisl .Dy ks¾udK l,dfõ ksOdkhla jk

w;r WoHdklrK l,djg o b;d È.= b;sydihla

ysñ fõ'

ýka iy yka rdc jxY iuhkays ;snQ WoHdkj,

isg" fjhs iy Ñka rdc jxYj,g wh;a jxY yfha

iajdNdúl N+o¾Yk WoHdk olajd o gdx iy

fidx rdc jxYj, yeu me;a;lskau keröh yels

WoHdk olajd o bkamiqq tn÷ WoHdk wÈhf¾u

Wiia ksrEmKhla jk ñx iy Ñx rdc jxYj,

iajdNdúl N+ o¾Yk olajd o th j¾Okh ù

we;' ñx rdc jxYfha uOHu wÈhfrka wdrïN jQ

fm!oa.,sl WoHdk l%ufhka fn§ .sfhah' ol=Kq

È. hexis .x.d fv,agdfõ ;snQ WoHdk m<uqj

lemS fmkqkq w;r bkamiq l÷jeá myg ol=fKka

jQ WoHdk iy W;=reÈ. WoHdk jvd;a lemS

fmfkk iq¿ tajd úh' tu m%Odk j¾. ;=k w;r

;snQ wfkHdakH n,mEu iy iaÓr Ndjh iu.

Ök WoHdk j¾. iy ú,dihka fkdkej;S mq¿,a

Ök WoHdk

10

jQ w;r ;j ;j;a .eUqre úh' wLKav Wreuh

iy ixj¾Okh yryd Ök WoHdkj, úfYaIs;

kef.kysr ixialD;sh fukau WoHdklrKfha

woyia iy kHdhka u.ska ngysrg mjd n,mEï

lsÍug iu;a úh'

3' f,dal WoHdkj,g ysñ jk ia:dkh(

hska iy fp! rdc jxYj, mßydksh we;sjQ

ld,fhys isg .Kkh lsÍfï § Ök WoHdk j,g

jir 3000 l muK b;sydihla we;s nj fmfka'

f,dj WoHdk l,dj wdrïN jQ uq,au rgla jk

Ökh w;s úYsIaG fi!kao¾hd;aul m%ñ;Ska

iy woaú;Sh cd;sl wkkH;djka wkqj f,dj

WoHdk b;sydih ;=< b;d jeo.;a ia:dkhla ysñ

lrf.k we;' WoHdk hkq w,xldrh ñ|Su iy

úfkdaodiajdoh i|yd N+ o¾Yk ks¾udKh lsÍug

ck;dj ish oE; fhdod .kakd l,djla fõ' úúO

cd;skag wh;a úúO m%foaYj,ska meñKs ck;djf.a

úúO wjfndaOhka iy leue;a; wkqj ks¾udKh

jQ WoHdk úúO fi!kao¾hd;aul o¾Ykj,ska

mßmQ¾K fõ' fláfhka lsjfyd;a" f,dalfha

WoHdk hqfrdamSh WoHdk" ngysr wdishdkq WoHdk

iy Ök WoHdk f,i m%Odk j¾. ;=klg fnÈh

yels fõ' th ñksid úiska ks¾udKh lrkq ,enQj

o iajdNdúl fmkqfuka hqla; úh hq;=h hk

fi!kao¾hd;aul uQ,O¾uh fukau idïm%odhsl

.Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh" idys;Hh" is;=jïlrKh

iy f,aLk l,dj" leghï iy ld¾ñl l,dj

hkd§ úúO l,d Ys,amj, ,laIK o iu. b;d

§¾> b;sydihla Ök WoHdk j,g we;' iuia;

f,dal WoHdk w;r tajdgu wdfõKsl rgdjla

iy b;d by< jákdlula Ök WoHdkj, ysñ

ù ;sfí'

11

fmdgd,d ud<s.h fn!oaOhkag mqKH

NQñhls' áfnghg ñ, l< fkdyels

iïm;ls' b;sydi{hkag fldaIagd.drhls'

mqrd úoHd{hkag m¾fhaIK.drhls' jdia;=

úoHd{hkag wdo¾Yhls' oekqï msmdis;hkag

mqia;ld,hls' ixpdrlhskag iriúhls'

ore oeßhkag ;lai,djls' leghïlrejkag

l,d.drhls' is;a;rekag mdrd§ihls'

áfngfha wd.ñl" ixialD;sl yd wOHdmksl

mqkreofha kshuqjd jk l%sia;= j¾I 617§

rdcdNsfIalhg m;a fidx;aika .ïfmd l=ure

ish wdOHd;añl wdrlaIlhd jYfhka ie,l=fha

wjf,dalsf;aYajr fndaêi;ajhka jykafiah' Y%S

,xldfõ isg f.k wd wjf,dalsf;aYajr ms<suh

;ekam;a lsÍu i|yd ud<s.h bÈ lf<a fidx;aika

.ïfmd rc;=udh'

jkaokd l=á" mQcd l=á" ,e.=ï yd mßmd,k l=á wd§

jYfhka ldur kjish kjhlska hq;=j fmdgd,d

ud<s.h ks¾udKh flßK' iduh ixfla;j;a

lr,Su i|yd ud<s.h iqÿ meyefhka msßhï lsÍu

ksid Yafõ; ud<s.h jYfhka o ye¢kaúK'

ud<s.dfõ iaj¾Kuh hq.h h<s WodjQfha 1642

jif¾§ miajk o<hs ,dud ;=uka áfnÜ m<df;a

md,k n,h ish;g .ekSug iu;a ùu;a iu`.h'

1645§ r;= lkafoa ud<s.dfõ m%;sixialrK lghq;=

werUqKs' áfngfha wd.ñl fuka u mßmd,k

flakaøia:dkh njg o fmdgd,d ud<s.h m;ajQfha

ta wjÈfha§h'

jir 40lg wêl md,k ld,hlska miq miajk

o<hs ,dud ;=uka wmj;a jQ l,ays t;=ukaf.a

NIaudjfYaI ;ekam;a lr,Su i|yd 1690§ iqÿ

ud<s.d f.dvke.s,a, wi, r;= ud<s.dj bÈ

flßK'

fmdgd,d ud<s.h

12

uy,a 13lska iukaú; r;= ud<s.dfõ miajk

o<hs ,dud ;=ukaf.a NIaudjfYaI ;ekam;a

l< ia;+mh bÈ flreKq w;r fjk;a ms<su

jykafia,d iy Od;+ka jykafia,d rdYshla

i|yd o l=á ks¾udKh flßK'

kef.kysr m%fõY fodrgqfjka we;=,a jQ

l,ays olakg ,efnkafka iqúYd, t<suyka

uKavmhls' ta fvhx Id uKavmhhs' w;S;fha

,dudjreka áfnÜ Tfmrdjka krUd we;af;a

tys§h'

uKavmhg ngysßka we;af;a iqÿ ud<s.hhs'

,dud jrekaf.a ,e.=ï l=á" idlÉPd Yd,d"

wOHhk Yd,d iy ld¾hd, mßY%hka o msysgd

;snqfKa fuu ud<s.fhah' uy,a 13lska iukaú;

fuu ud<s.d f.dvke.s,sj, ì;a;s b;d m<,h'

w;a;sjdrug ;U ñY% lr we;af;a N+ñ lïmdjkag

Tfrd;a;= Èh yels jk mßÈh'

m%;sud" ia;+m yd jákd fl!;=l jia;+ iïNdrhla

r;= ud<s.dfõ ;ekam;a lr ;sfí' m%Odk Yd,dfõ

we;=<; ì;a;s irik w,xlD; Ñ;% ks¾udK

.Kkdjls' nqoaO" fndaêi;aj yd ,dudjrekaf.a

rEm fuka u nqoaO pß;hg iïnkaO l;d

.Kkdjla o is;=jug ke.S we;' fidx;aika

.ïfmd l=uref.a iy Ök wêrdchdf.a ÈhKsh

jQ fjka fpx l=ußhf.a irK ux.,Hh" 1652

jif¾§ miajk o<hs ,dud ;=uka Ök wêrdchd

jQ Iqka ÜI yuqùug fnhsðx kqjrg ieme;aùu

we;=¿ ft;sydisl Ñ;% .Kkdjla o olakg ;sfí'

Yd,dj jgd mQcd l=á ;=kls' W;=re l=áh fjka

lr we;af;a YdlHuqkSkaøhka" wfkl=;a nqÿjrhka

yd o<hs ,dudjreka fjkqfjks' kef.kysr mQcd

l=áh ly ysia jeiqï ksldfha ks¾ud;D ;afidka

ldmd ysñhka fjkqfjks' mßjdr ,dudjrekaf.a

m%;sud 70la o tys fjhs' wgjk ishjfia bkaÈhdfõ

isg meñKs moauiïNj f;reka jykafia

fjkqfjka ol=Kq mQcd l=áh fjka ù ;sfí' 17 jk

ishjfia ks¾udKh lrk ,o moauiïNj f;reka

jykafiaf.a ߧ ms<suh tys lemS fmfkhs'

merKs O¾u .%ka:" mg i¿ u; w¢k ,o ÿ¾,N

Ñ;% wdÈh muKla fkdj merKs wú wdhqO j¾.

mjd fmdgd,d ud<s.fha ;ekam;a lr ;sfí' we;=,a

Yd,djkays ,S lKq ish,a, b;d ishqï leghñka

w,xlD;h'

fmdgd,d ud<s.h wd.ñl yd ixialD;sl

l,d.drhla f,i o ye¢kaùu hqla;s iy.;h'

fuu úiañ; l,d.drh keröu i|yd;a"

jkaokdudk lr .ekSu i|yd;a Èkm;d

u mdfya ixpdrlhska úYd, msßila we§

wdj;a tla Èkl§ ud<s.h keröug

wjir ,nd fokafka 2300lg muKs'

Y%S ,xldfjka f.k hk ,o

wjf,dalsf;aYajr ms<su jykafia

wo;a fmdgd,d ud<s.hg wdOHd;añl

wdrlaIdj i,ik njg úYajdi flf¾'

ud<s.h ;=< we;s rka" ߧ" f,dalv

wdÈfhka ;ekQ ,laI follg wêl

ms<su w;ßka jeo.;a u ms<suh jYfhka

o ie,flkafka fuu wjf,dalsf;aYajr

ms<suhhs'

13

i;aj ,l=Kq f,i o y÷kajk Ök rdYs ,l=Kq

hkq j¾I wxlkh lr jhi .Kkh lsÍu

i|yd Ök ck;dj w;r mj;sk idïm%odhsl

l%uhls' Ök NdIdfjka —rdYs˜ hkak Wmka

j¾Ih i|yd fhfok w;r —,l=K˜ hkak ta yd

wkqrEm fyda iudk ixfla; i|yd fhfoa' ,l=Kq

fyda ixfla; hkq i;=ka fodf<dia j¾.hls'

ms<sfj<ska óhd" f.dkd" fldáhd" ydjd" ulrd"

khd" wYajhd" neg¿jd" j÷rd" l=l=<d" n,a,d iy

W!rd hkq tu ixfla;hs' tajd mDÓúh ms<sn|

YdLd fod<y iu. .e<fmhs' ta wkqj —;ais˜

óhd" —fp!˜ yrld" —hska˜ fldáhd" —ud´˜ ydjd"

—fpka˜ ulrd" —is˜ kd.hd" —jQ˜ wYajhd" —fjhs˜

n,a,d" —fIka˜ j÷rd" —hQ˜ l=l=<d" —ishqhs˜ n,a,d

iy —ydhs˜ W!rd hkqfjka oelaúh yelsh' fï

wdldrfhka iEu flfkl=f.au Wmka j¾Ih hï

wdldrhl if;l= iu. .e<fma'

rdYs ,l=Kq ixialD;sh" Ök iïm%odhsl ck

ixialD;sfha jeo.;a wx.hls' i;aj m%;sìïn iEu

wfhl=f.au Ôú;h mqrd tlaj mj;sk neúka" rdYs

,l=Kq fyda i;aj ,l=Kq mqoa.,fhl=f.a Wmka

ixfla;h iy jhi u;l ;nd .ekSfï moku

jkjd muKla fkdj" th mqoa.,fhl=g Tyqf.a $

wehf.a Ôú;h yd ne÷kq ux., lreK o fõ' ta

ms<sn|j ck;dj fndfyda w,xldr m%d¾:kd iy

wOHd;añl úYajdi ord ys|s;s'

rdYs ,l=Kq ms<sn|j ckm%jdo

Ök ckhd w;r rdYs ,l=Kq fod<y ms<sn|j

ydiHckl ckm%jdo fndfyduhla we;' tajd

w;=ßka my; i|yka ckm%jdo fol jvd;au

ckm%shh'

rdYs ,l=Kq fod<fiys uQ,drïNh

rdYs ,l=Kq fod<fiys uQ,drïNh ms<sn|j Ökfha

me;sreKq iqrx.kd l:djla fjhs' fndfyda l,lg

fmr tla Èkla foaj rc;=ud ish¨u i;=ka

l|jdf.k ;ud Tjqkaf.ka i;=ka j¾. fod<yla

f;dard .kakjd' ta iEu j¾.hlgu mDÓúfhys

rclu jirl ld,hla ne.ska ,nd fokjd' th

rdYs ,l=Kq fod<y njg m;ajkq we;ehs mejiSh'

Ök i;aj rdYs ,l=Kq fod<y

14

ó<Õ pkaø j¾Ifha m<uq udifha m<uqjk Èk

—.Õ ;rKh lsÍfï ;r.hla˜ meje;aùug foaj

rcq;=ud iy i;a;= tlÕ jQy' i;=ka j¾. .Õ

yryd mSkd isoaOia:dkhg <Õd jQ wkqms<sfj,

wkqj ms<sfj,ska uyd fmdf,dfõ rcq njg m;a

lrk nj m%ldY flßK' —uu m<uq jekakd

fjñ'˜ —keye Tn fkdfõ' uu m<uqjekakd

jkafkñ˜ wd§ jYfhka i;=ka uy yçka jdo lr

.ekSug mgka .;ay'

.Õ ;rKh lsÍfï ;r.h meje;afjk Èkh

t<UqKs' i;=ka wka whg fmr isoaOia:dkh fj;

<Õd ùu i|yd l,afõ,d we;sj .ukdrïN l<y'

.Õ ;rKh lsÍfïoS ish¨u i;=ka b;d ;shqKqq

f,i mSkQy' Tjqka w;=ßka f.dkd fõ.j;au i;d

úh' óhdg msyskSug fkdyels ùu fya;=fjka

W! ;udj f.k hk f,i f.dkdg lkak,õ

lf<ah'

uolg miqj f.dkd fjr<g wdikak úh' flfia

jqj;a W! m<uqjekakd ùug wdikak jk úg

m%fhda.ldr óhd Wf.a msfgka mek f.dkdg

fmr isoaOia:dkhg <Õd úh' —uuhs m<uqjekakd"

uuhs m<uqjekakd˜ óhd wdvïnrfhka mejiSh'

bkslaì;sj wfkl=;a i;=ka j¾.o wkql%ufhka

<Õd úh'

tl`.;djhg wkqj isoaOia:dkh

fj; m<uqj <Õd jQ i;aj j¾.hdg

<Õd ùfï wkqms<sfj, wkqj rcq

njg m;a úh yels úh' Tjqkag

Tjqkaf.a kï o tu wkqrEm

j¾Ifha ku i|yd Ndú;d

fjhs' wms fuh fuu jißka

wdrïN lruq'

wkqms<sfj< wkqj th óhd"

f.dkd" fldáhd" ydjd" ulrd"

khd" wYajhd" neg¿jd" j÷rd"

l=l=<d" n,a,d iy W!rd úh hq;=

hehs foaj rcq;=ud wkqms<sfj<

ish¨ i;=kag ksfõokh l<y'

tneúka óhd rdYs ,l=Kq fod<fiys

m%:u ia:dkhg m;ajQ w;r f.dkdg

wleue;af;ka jqjo fojekakd ùug

isÿ úh'

rdYs ,l=Kq fod<fiys n<,d we;=<;a

fkdjkafka wehs@

foaj rc;=ud i;=ka j¾. fod<fiys wkqms<sfj<

;SrKh lsÍfuka miq Tyq óhd we;=<;a fkdlr

wfkl=;a j¾. tfld<y oekqj;a lsÍu n<,dg

Ndr lf<ah' flfia jqjo óhdg n<,d iy

f.dkd w;r jQ foni lK jel=Ks' tneúka óhd

,shdmÈxÑ ùu i|yd ryiska ÈjH ud<s.djg f.dia

jdis ,nd .ekSfï m%:uhd úh' foaj rcq;=ud kï

jÜfgdarej weKjqï lrk úg óhd m%:uhd nj

Tyq ÿgqfõh' i;Hh iy wi;Hh fjka fldg

y÷kd .ekSfuka f;drj Tyq óhdj m<uq ;ekg

ia:dk.; lf<ah' ienE m%:uhd fojekakd úh'

n<,d ish,a,ka oekqj;a lsÍfuka miq

ud<s.hg <Õd jQ úg ,ehsia;=fõ W!g ia:dkhla

fkdue;sju iïmQ¾K fldg ;snqKs' tneúka óhd

rdYs ,l=Kq fod<i w;=ßka m<uqjekakd njg

m;a jQ w;r n<,d we;=,;a fkdùh' t;eka mgka

n<,d iy óhd i;=rka njg m;a jQy' óhd Èiajk

iEu úgu n<,d W! t<jd f.dia imd lkafkah'

15

fuh Ök fmï lúhls' fidx rdcjxYfha" ,S Ö hS

kue;s iq¿ ks<Odßfhla isáfhah' Tyq fndfydau

ÿlanr Ôú;hla .; lf<ah' by, ks,Odßfhl=j

wukdm lr .;a neúka Tyq fiajfhka my< oud

;snqKs' ál ld,hlskau" Tyqf.a ìß|" ÈhKsh iy

mq;d wikSm ù ñh .shy' Tyq;a ÿlauqiq frda.hlska

fmf<kakg jqKs' ish¿ n,dfmdfrd;a;= iqka ùug

wdikak wjia:djl§" Tyqg hym;a ldka;djla

uqK .eiS weh iu. ñ;% iïnkaO;djla we;s

úh' fuu ldka;dj b;du;a rEu;a fukau lú

ks¾udKfhyso olaI jQjdh' weh ,S Ö hSf.a ÿlanr

Ôú;h flfrys oeä wkqlïmdjla oelajQ w;r

Tyqj ks;ru Èßu;a l<dh' ,S Ö hS wehg wdorh

lf<Ah' jrla ta fofokd hekaiS .`. bjqf¾

iqkaor;ajh keröug .shy' .x bjqf¾ w,xldr

o¾Ykh ri ú¢ñka" ;ukaf.a Ôjk w;aoelSfuka

m%fndaOu;a ù" ye`.=ïnrj ,S Ö hS fï lúh lshñka

ish fma%uh m%ldY lf<ah' wka;sfï§ Tjqka újdy

ù i;=gqodhl Ôú;hla .; l<y' ,S Ö hS Ökfha

iqm%lg lúfhl= f,i ie<fla'

is;a ne|s .Õ

fï uy os. .x.dfõ

uu by,hs - Tn my,hs

fï uy os. .x.dfõ

.,d nisk uy c, l|

mji ksjhs - fofokdf.u

yeuodu;a Tn isys lr

uu by,hs - Tn my,hs

fï uy .Õ k;r fõ o@

uf.a ÿla l| ksù hd o@

fï uy os. .x.dfõ

uy c, l| .,d hdú

by, my, hd lrdú

Tfí yo;a - uf.a yo;a

tl ;eklg tlalrdú

uy c, l| .,d hdù'

16

w;S;fha tla oskhl pd´ rc;=ud heka rchg

m%ydrhla t,a, lrkak is;=fõh' kuq;a

tla ¥ro¾YS ks,Odßfhla tfia fkdlrk f,i

rc;=udj leu;s lrjd .kak W;aidy lf<ah'

—ud fuys tk w;r u`.§ .x.djla ;rKh l<d'

.`.d bjqf¾ fn,a,la ;u lgqj újD; fldg

wdf,dalh ,nd .kakd wdldrh uu ÿgqjd' túg

leiajgqfjla läkñka fn,a,d <`.g ÿj,d

fn,a,df.a uig fydfgka fldgkak W;aidy

l<d' ta iu`.u ta fn,a,d ish fn,slgqj jyd

.;a;d' b;ska leiajgqjdf.a fydg fn,slgqfõ

;oska ysr jqKd' leiajgqjd fn,a,dg l;d lf<a

fï úÈhg' —wo jeiafiaa ke;akï fyg;a jeiafiaa

ke;akï Thd uef¾ú'˜ fn,a,d ta l;djg ms<s;=re

ÿkafka fuf,ihs' —wo ud fn,slgqj wßkafka

ke;akï fyg;a wßkafka ke;akï Th;a

uef¾ú'˜ ta fokakd ta úÈhg ldgj;a fofjks

fjkak leu;s jQfha keye' túg ëjrfhla wdjd'

thd wl¾ukHj isá ta i;=ka fofokd oel,d

f,fyisfhkau Tjqka w,a,d f.k f.or .shd'

pd´ rch heka rchg m%ydrhla t,a, lrkjd

kï wr fn,a,d iy leiajgqjd jf.a lrg lr

;;ajhla we;s fõú' l,a .; ùu;a iu`.u

forgu fyd|gu fyïn;a fõú' túg n,j;a

ýka wêrchd" wr ëjrhd jf.a lsisÿ Yla;shla

fkdfhdod Th rgj,a fol u w;am;a lr .kSú'˜

ta ks,Odßhdf.a l;dfjka pd´ rc;=udg

wjfndaOh ,enqKs' Tyq heka rchg m%ydrh t,a,

lsÍfï woyi w;ayeÍh'

fn,a,d iy leiajgqjdf.a

igkska ch ldg o@

17

m%:udOdry`ÿkd .ksuq

Y%S ,xld r;= l=rei iudch yd m%:udOdr

bÈßm;a lsÍu ( Y%S ,xld r;= l=rei iudcfha m%:udOdr WmfoaYl - chnqoaê {dk;s,l

m%:udOdr hkq l=ulao@

m%:udOdr hkq frda.S jQ fyda ;=jd,,;a wfhl=g

m%:ufhka fokq ,nk wdOdrhhs' tkï lsishï

frda.S wjia:djl§ fyda yÈis wk;=rla isÿ jQ ú.i

frda.S jQ fyda wk;=rg m;ajQ whg ffjoHdOdr

,nd fok f;la ;djld,slj fokq ,nk m%:u

fi!LH i;aldrhhs' fuys we;s úfYaI;ajh jkafka

m%:udOdr ,nd oSu i`oyd ffjoHuh wdïmkak

wm <`. iEu úgu ;sîug wjYH fkdùuhs' wjg

mßirfha we;s iqÿiq foaj,a Wmfhda.S lrf.k

fuh ,nd Èh yelsjd fukau m%:udOdr ms<sn`o

oekqu yd mqyqKqj ,enQ ´kEu wfhl=g b;d iq¿

l%shdjlska jqj m%:udOdr fuh ,nd §ug;a tu.ska

Ôú; /l.ekSug;a yelshdj ,efí'

m%:udOdr ,nd§fï wruqKq yd

jeo.;alu

m%:udOdr ,nd oSfï m%Odk wruqKq 03 ls' tkï

frda.Skaf.a

01' Ôú; fírd .ekSu

02' frda.S ;;a;ajh W;aikak ùu je<elaùu

03' iqjh myiq lsÍu

ksis fõ,dfõoS m%:udOdr ksjerÈj ,nd oSfuka

frda.S wjia:dj,oS yd yÈis wk;=rej,oS wld,fha

ish Ôú;fhka iuq .ekSug isÿjk oyia .Klf.a

Ôú; fírd .ekSug yelshdj ,efí'

ixj¾Okfha fõ.h;a iu`.u Èfkka Èk

jeäfjñka mj;sk yÈis wk;=rej,oS fndfyda

úg isÿjkafka tu wk;=rg m;ajQjkaf.a ;;a;ajh

1863 oS werô f,dal r;= l=rei yd r;= w`vi`o

jHdmdrh wojk úg rgj,a 189 mqrd udkqIjdoS

fufyjfrys ksr;jk úYsIag .Kfha udkqIjdoS

iafõÉPd ixúOdkhla njg m;aj ;sfí' 1930

oYlfha ì%;dkH md,k iufhaoS Y%S ,xldfõ we;s

jQ oreKq uef,aßhd jix.;fhka úm;g m;ajk

oyia ixLHd; rgjeishdg iyk ie,iSfï

wruqKska 1936 oS werô Y%S ,xld r;= l=rei iudch

o tu iqúYd, fufyjfrys fldgialrefjl=

fjñka jir 75 lg wêl ld,hla mqrd furg ;=<

m%:udOdr mqyqKq yd m%:udOdr fiajd we;=¿ úúO

jQ udkqIjdoS fiajdjka ;=<ska ck;djg iydh

imhk m%uqL;u udkj ys;jdoS ixúOdkhla njg

m;aj ;sfí'

Èjhsfka Èia;%slal 25 u wdjrKh lrñka msysgqjd

we;s ish YdLd cd,h yd tAyd tAldnoaO lghq;=

lrk wmf.a ;reK yd jeäysá iafõÉPd fiajl

uy;au uy;aóka u.ska Y%S ,xld r;= l=rei iudch

furg mj;ajkq ,nk úúO fmryer" cd;sl

W;aij" wdmod yd úYd, jYfhka ck;dj talrdYS

jk ia:dkj, wk;=rg yd frda.S ;;a;ajhkag

m;ajk ck;djg m%:udOdr ,nd oSfï iafõÉPd

m%:udOdr l`ojqre mj;ajkq ,nhs'

tfukau fuu l,dmfha m%:udOdr mdvfuka

idlÉPd fldg we;s mßÈ iEu fofkl=u

m%:udOdr oek isàfï wjYH;djh wo jk úg

b;du;a by< f.dia we;' tu ksid Èia;%slal 25

mqrdu úúO j¾.fha m%:udOdr mqyqKq mdGud,d Y%S

,xld r;= l=rei iudcfha mqyqKqj,;a m%:udOdr

WmfoaYl uy;au uy;aóka u.ska mj;ajkq ,nhs'

mdvu - wxl 01

18

l=ula jqj;a Tjqkaj frday,g m%jdykh lsÍu

muKs' kuq;a tfia m%jdykh lrk ld,h ;=<

frda.Ska wisys ;;a;ajfhka isàkï" iajikh

weK ysg ;sfíkï" reêr jykh fjñka mj;S

kï" fld`ÿ weg fm< fyda fjk;a wiaÒka

leã ì`oS ;sfíkï frday,g /f.k tkf;la

Tjqkaf.a Ôú; fírd .ekSug;a" mj;akd ;;a;ajh

W;aikak ùu je<elaùu i`oyd;a wmg l< yels

foa fndfydah' yÈis wk;=rlska miq iajikh

fkdlrk wfhl=g frday,g /f.k tkf;la

lD;su iajikh yd lD;su mmq mSvkh ,nd oSu

u.ska Tjqkaf.a Ôú; fírd .ekSug bv m%ia:dj

we;s w;r reêr jykh jk wjia:djloS th

md,kh lsÍu u.ska wod< frda.shd lïmk

;;a;ajhg m;aùu" wisys ;;a;ajhg m;aùu jeks

W.% ;;a;ajhlkag frda.shd m;aùu je<elaùug

o yelshdj ,efí'

Y%S ,xldfõ ßh wk;=re u.ska Èklg idudkH

jYfhka 06 fofkl=f.a muK jákd Ôú; wysñ

jk w;r jd¾Islj oyia .Kkla ;=jd, ,eîï yd

È.=ld,Sk ÿn,;dj,g ,laùu o isÿfõ' tfukau

Èfha .s,Sï" /lshd ia:dkj,oS jk wk;=re"

f.orfodroS fyda mdif,aoS jk weojeàï ksid

isÿjk f,a .e,Su fyda wiaÓ wk;=re" ji úI

YÍr.;ùï" i;=ka imd lEï yd oIag lsÍï"

ms<siaiSï" iajik ud¾.h wjysr ùï" úÿ,s ier

jeoSï jeks úúO wk;=re fukau" yDohdndO"

la,dka;h" j,smamqj" mdpkh" isys ke;sùu"

Èhjeähdj" weÿu jeks úúO frda.S wjia:do

^fuu wjia:dj,oS isÿ l< hq;= m%:udOdr bÈß

mdvïj,oS bf.k.; yelsh'& ffokslj iEu

m%foaYhlu mdfya isÿ fjñka mj;S' fujka

wjia:dj,oS frday,g /f.k tk f;la m%:udOdr

,nd oSug /iaj isákakka yd m%jdykh lrkakka

fkdokafka kï frda.shdg Ôú;fhka iuq.ekSug

jqjo isÿ úh yel' iuyr úg frda.h iqjm;a ùug

wêl ld,hla .; jkq we;' iuyr úg È.=ld,Sk

wdndOhkaf.ka mSvd ú`oSug o isÿ jkq we;'

fuu.ska meyeÈ,s jkafka wm iEu fokdu

m%:udOdr oek isàu b;du jeo.;a yd w;HjYH

Ôjk l=i,;djhla ù we;s njhs'

m%:udOdrlrefjl= jkafka flfiao@

´kEu wfhl=g m%:udOdrlrefjl= úh yels w;r

ta i`oyd wjYH jkafka leue;a; yd mqyqKq ùuhs'

m%:udOdrlrefjl= f,i ;udf.a ióm;uhkag;a"

iudchg;a jevodhS mqoa.,fhl= ùu i`oyd

jeäj¾Okh lr.; hq;= .=Kdx. lsysmhls' tA

w;r kdhl;ajh" frda.Skaj ms<sl=,a fkdlsÍu

yd ldreKsl nj" wd;au úYajdih" ia:dfkdaÑ;

m%{dj" l%shdYS,S nj wdÈh b;d jeo.;a fõ'

m%:udOdrlrejd ffjoHjrfhl= fyda ish,a, o;a

wfhl= fkdfõ' kuq;a b;d jákd oekqula yd

yelshdjla we;af;ls'

m%:udOdr l%uYs,am b;d ixlS¾K fyda .eUqre

fohla fkdfõ' th b;d ir<" myiqfjka

l< yels tkuq;a lsishï wfhl=f.a Ôú;hla

iïmQ¾Kfhka fírd .ekSu olajd w;sYhska

bjy,a jk b;d úYsIag l=i,;djhla fï ;=<

.eíj mj;S' fujeks úêu;a m%:udOdr oekqula

yd mqyqKqjla Y%S ,xld r;= l=rei iudch u.ska

o cd;Hka;r m%ñ;shg wkql+,j ,nd .; yelsh'

m%:udOdrlrefjl=f.a j.lSï

m%:udOdr ,nd oSfïoS m%:udOdrlrefjl= i;=j

;sfnk j.lSï lsysmhls' fuu j.lSï b;d

ir, l%shdud¾. jk w;r tkuqÿ b;d jeo.;a

mshjrhka fõ'

• wdrlaIdj iy;sl lsÍu

• ;lafiarej isÿ lsÍu

• frda. úksYaph lsÍu

• m%:udOdr lsÍu

• mYapd;a ixrlaIKh

• jd¾;d lsÍu

lsishï yÈis wjia:djloS m%:udOdrlrefjl=

uq,skau is;sh hq;af;a ;ukaf.a wdrlaIdj

ms<sn`ojh' tA ;ukaf.a Ôú;h m<uq fldg

wdrlaId fldg .; hq;= ksid fukau ;ukq;a tu

19

wk;=frys f.dÿrla njg m;ajqjfyd;a ;jÿrg;a

wk;=rg m;ajQjkag m%:udOdr lsÍug ;ukag

fkdyels jk neúks' tu ksid úÿ,s ier jeoSï"

fndaïn msmsÍï" ßh wk;=re" úI jdhq wd>%dykh

ùï" .sks" fjä;eîï fyda l,n,ldÍ wjia:djka

jeks ´kEu wjia:djloS m%:udOdrlref.a

m<uq j.lSu jkafka ish wdrlaIdj fjkqfjka

.; hq;= ish,q mshjr jydu .ekSuhs' tfukau

frda.Skaf.a Ôú; wdrlaId lr .ekSug wjYH

mshjr .ekSuhs' fuysoS wjia:dkql+,j wjg

isák wh oekqj;a lsÍu" w;afïia me<`oSu" wod<

j.lsj hq;= wdh;k fj; oekqïoSu" wdrlaIs;

WmlrK yd l%ufõo wkq.ukh lsÍu jeks oE

wod< fõ' .s,ka r:j,g" fmd,Sishg fyda .sks

ksùfï tAllhg jeks wdh;kj,g oekqï oSfïoS

wod< f;dr;=re meyeÈ,sj yd ksjerÈj ,nd Èh

hq;=h' ;ukaf.a ku" ÿrl:k wxlh" isoaêh" isÿ

ù we;s ia:dkh" frda.Skaf.a iajNdjh" mj;akd

wjodkï ;;a;ajhka ms<sn`oj fuysoS meyeÈ,sj

ikaksfõokh l< hq;=h'

tfukau Tn l< hq;= jkafka wod< isoaêh

l=ulao@ ;jÿrg;a mj;akd wjodkï ;;a;ajhka

fudkjdo@ fldmuK frda.Ska m%udKhla isào" tA

l=uk wdldrfha frda.Skao hkak ms<sn`oj laIKsl

;lafiarejla ,nd .ekSuhs'

frda.Ska wi,g hdu wdrlaIs; kï Tjqka wi,g

<`.d ù frda.S ;;a;ajh l=ulaoehs y`ÿkd .;

hq;=h' tfia y`ÿkd.;a frda.h fyda wk;=r wkqj

m%:udOdr fldg mj;akd ;;a;ajh W;aikak ùu

je<elaùu i`oyd wjYH mshjr .ksñka" frda.Ska

frday,g m%jdykh lsÍu wk;=rej isÿ flf¾'

tfukau tfia m%:udOdr fokq ,enQ frda.Ska

ms<sn`oj ku" ,smskh" frda.S ;;a;ajh" yuq jQ

fõ,dj" isÿ l< m%:udOdr wdoS f;dr;=re we;=<;a

jd¾;djla ;uka i;=j ;nd .ekSu b;du jeo.;a

fõ'

jydu m%:udOdr ,nd osh hq;= wjia:d

mqoa.,fhl=f.a Ôú;h wysñ jQ njg wm fndfyda

fokd ;yjqre lr.kafka wod< mqoa.,hd yqiau

fkd.ekSu" kdä fyj;a reêr ixirKh isÿ

fkdùu wdoS idOl u;hs' kuq;a lsishï yÈis

wjia:djloS lsishï wfhl=f.a iajikh k;rùu

fyda kdä k;rùu ksid Tyq fyda weh ñhf.

dia we;ehs m%:udOdrlrefjl= úiska ;SrKh

fkdlrhs' tA tjka wjia:djloS jqjo frday,g

/f.k tkf;la lD;su iajikh iy lD;su mmq

mSvkh u.ska reêr ixirKh mj;ajd .; yels

neúks'

l=uk fya;=jla ksid jqjo hï wfhl= Ôú;laIhg

m;aùfïoS isysh ke;sùu" iajikh yd yDoh

k;rùu isÿfjhs' tu ksid tjeks wjia:d b;du

blaukska m%:udOdr iemhsh hq;= ;;a;ajhka fõ'

tfukau wêl f,i reêr jykh ùu lïmk

;;a;ajhg m;aùug;a tu.ska isysh ke;s ùu

yd yDoh wl¾uKH ùug;a fya;= fõ' ji úI

YÍr.; ùuo iakdhq moaO;sh wvmK ùug;a

tu.ska isysh ke;sùug;a wjidkfhaoS iajikh

yd yDoh kr;ùug;a iDcqju n,mE yelshs'

tu ksid m%:udOdrlrefjl= b;d blaukska

frda.Skaf.a frda.S ;;a;ajfha we;s Nhdkllu

wkqj m%:udOdr wdrïN l< hq;=h' by;ska úia;r

l< mßÈ tu m%uqL;djh my; mßÈ fõ'

• iajikh weKysàu

• wêl reêr jykh

• isys ke;sùu

• ji úI YÍr.; ùu

tfukau wêl ms<siaiqï ;=jd, iys; frda.Ska

flfryso úfYaI wjOdkhla b;d blaukska ,nd

Èh hq;=h'

tA wkqj fï l=uk wdldrhl fyda frda.sfhl=g

m%:udOdr lsÍug wmg isÿ jqjfyd;a wm úiska

wkq.ukh l< hq;= l%shd ms<sfj<la mj;S' th

frda.S l<ukdlrK (Casualty Management) l%ufõoh hehs y`ÿkajhs'

frda.S l<ukdlrKh l%ufõoh

lsishï frda.sfhl=g m%:udOdr lsÍug hdfïoS

m%:udOdrlre úiska ;u lghq;a; wdrïNfha isg

wjidkh olajd isÿ l< hq;= l%shdldrlï fuysoS

m%Odk jYfhka mshjr 04 la hgf;a oelaúh

yelsh'

01' uQ,sl úksYaph isÿ lsÍu

02' oaú;Shsl úksYaph fyj;a frda. úksYaph

isÿ lsÍu

03' m%:udOdr ,ndoSu

04' frda.shd ffjoH m%;sldr fj; m%jdykh

lsÍu

m%:udOdrlrefjl= uQ,sl úksYaph isÿ l< hq;=

whqre wms ,nk l,dmfhka idlÉPd lruq'

20

Y%S ,xld r;= l=rei iudch úiska uq,a wjêfha wjodkï

wju lsÍu i|yd wdmod l<ukdlrKh" fi!LH yd

wdh;ksl ixj¾Okh hk wxYhka yS fjka fjka jYfhka

jHdmD;s ls%hd;aul flrekq w;r tu.ska m%cdjka yS mq¿,a

f,i wjÞku wvq lsÍu i|yd wfmaCIs; m%;sM, ,Õd lr

.ekSug fkdyels nj fmkShk ,§' ta wkqj wdmod iyk

fiajd jevigyka l%shd;aul lsrSfïos taldnoaO m%fõYhl

wjYH;djhka y÷kd .;a w;r 2012 os fuu m%cd iún,

.ekaùfï taldnoaO jevigyk ^m%;Hia:s;sl m%cdjla i|yd

taldnoaO jevigyk& wdrïN lrk ,oss' fuu jevigyk

l%shd;aul lsÍfïoS m%Odk jYfhka m%cdj ;=, wdmÞ

l<ukdlrKh" fi!LH ;;ajhka yd Ôjk rgdjka by<

kexùu yd wdh;k ixj¾Okh hk idOl flfrys wjOdkh

fhduq flßks' wdh;k ixj¾Okh hgf;a Y%S ,xld r;=

l=rei iudcfha ìï uÜgfï tall oshqKq lsÍu fukau m%cd

idudðlhkaf.a iy iafõÉPd fiajlhkaf.a yelshdjka iy

Odß;djhka j¾Okh .eko jvd;a ie,ls,su;a úh'

fuu jHdmD;sfha m<uq woshr i|yd fld<U" ud;r"

ukakdru" lE.,a," yd nÿ,a, hk osia;%slal 5 f;dard

.;a w;r tla osia;%slalhlska m%cdjka 5la f;dard .kakd

,os' m<uq woshr id¾:l;ajh u; ;j;a osia;%slal 5 ;=,

fuu jHdmD;sh osh;a lsßug yels ùu Y%S ,xld r;= l=rei

iudch ,o ch.%yKhla úh' ta wkqj fuu jHdmD;sh

.d,a," r;akmqr" ud;f,a" fmdf<dkakrej" yd l=reKE.,

osiA;s%lal i|ydo jHdmA; lsÍug yels úh' óg wu;rj

wod, Èia;%slalfha f;drd.;a meie,a 05la ;=, fuu

jHdmD;sh mdie,a uÜgñka l%shd;aul fõ' oekg meie,a

25 ;=, id¾:l f,i fuu jHdmD;sh ksu lr we;' fuu

jHdmD;sh i|yd wka;¾cd;sl r;= l=rei iudch úiska

uQ,H Þhl;ajh imhkq ,nhs'

m%cdjka f;dard .eksï i|yd wÞ, ks¾kdhlhka f,i

wdmÞjkag f.dÿre ùug we;s by< yelshdj yd fi!LH

wjodku i,lk ,os' oekg Èia;%slal 10l ;=, m%cdjka

50l fuu jHmD;sh l%shd;aul jk w;r bka Èia;%slal

05lska f;dard .;a m%cdjka 25l fïjk úg jHdmD;s wjika

lr we;'

fuu m%cd iún, .ekaùfï taldnoaO jevigyfka wfmaCIs;

m%:sm, jkqfha"

1' Y%s ,xld r;= l=rei iudcfha Odß;dj by, kexùu

;=,ska m%cduQ, m%fúYhka yryd iajdNdúl yd ñksid

úiska ks¾ñ; wmod" wdydr iq/laIs; ;djh fkdue;s

nj" msßfyk iajia:;djh" m%udKj;a fkdjk c,

yd ikSmdrlaIl myiqlï yd jika.; frda. jeks

wjodkï j,g f.dÿreùfï yelshdj we;s m%cdjka Bg

tfrysj myiqfjka h:d;;ajhg m;ajkkd jq iqrlaIs;

jq;a m%cdjla njg Wiia ùu'

2' iudc wd¾:sl fyda fi!LHuh fjkia ùï j,g yd

iajdNdúl mßirfha fyda ks¾ñ; mßirfha we;s jk

fjkiaùï j,g uqyqK Èh yels jqjo" Bg Tfrd;a;=

foñka" tys m%;s úmdl iSud lr .ksñka" kej; m%lD;s

;;ajhg m;aúh yels m%cdjla f.dv kexùuhs' tfia

m%cd iún, .ekaùfïtaldnoaO jevigyk

f.dv k.d .; yels m%cd kdhl;ajhla we;s lsÍu

;=,ska jHdmD;sfha ;sridr Ndjh ;yjqre lsÍu yd Y%s

,xld r;= l=rei iudcfha fiajdkays .=Kdkd;aul nj

by, hk mßÈ kdhl;ajh yd wdh;ksl Yla;s;djh

f.dvkexùu'

jHdmD;sfha woshrhka foflysoS u m%;s,dNskA f,i mjq,a

23"048o" mqoa.,hska 115"240o" mdi,a <uqka 28"524 yd

úúO l=i,;d j,ska msrs iafõÉPd fiajlhska 500fj;

fhduqùug yels úh'

fuu jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfïÈ wdmod l<ukdlrK

wud;HxYh" mßir yd mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s wud;HxYh"

fi!LH wud;HxYh yd wOHdmk wud;HxYh iuÕ lghq;=

lrk w;r fmardfoKsh úYaj úoHd,fha iy lDIsl¾u

fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ks<OdÍkaf.a iyh fï i|yd ,nd.;

yels úh'

fuu jHdmD;sh mshjr lsysmhla hgf;a l%shd;aul lrkq

,nhs' m<uq mshjr f,i f;dard.;a Èia;s%lalhkays Y%S

,xld r;= l=rei iudc YdLd ld¾hd,h iy wod, md¾Yj

lrejka i|yd uQ,sl y÷kajd §fï jevigyklao" fojkqj

wmodj,g f.dÿre ùug jvd;a bv we;s m%cdjka 05 la iy

mdie,a 05 la fokq ,nk ks¾Kdhlhka wkqj wÞ, Èia;%sla

YdLd uÕska f;dard .kq ,efí' 3 jk mshjr f,i f;dard.;a

m%cdjka i|yd m%cd iÔù lrk jevigyka l%shd;aul lrkq

,nhs' uQ,sl o;a; iñlaIKh iy f.dÿre ùug we;s bv

lv yd Odß;d ;lafiarej ;=,ska m%foaYfha we;s wjodkï

iy iïm;a m%cd iyNd.s;ajfhka y÷kd.kq ,eîu y;rjk

mshjf¾ §o" miajk mshjf¾È wjodkï ;;ajhka wju lsßu

ioyd m%cd ie,iqï ilia lsssssssÍuo lrkq ,nhs' ie,iqï ilia

lsÍfï§ my; i|yka wxYhka flfrys úfYaI wjOdkh

fhduq lrkq ,nhs'

• wdmÞ wju lsÍu ^f.dÿre ùug we;s bvlv yd

Odß;d ;lafire jd¾:d mokï lr .ksñka wÞ,

m%cdj ;=, isÿ l< yels wdmÞ wju lsÍfï m%cd

jHdmD;s y÷kd .ekSu'&

• m%cdj oekqj;a lsÍfï jevigyka

• Odß;d j¾Ok jevigyka we;=,;a fõ'

f.dÿre ùug we;s bvlv yd Odß;d ;lafire l%shdj,sfha

fidhd .ekSï wkqj wÞ< m%cdj ;=, tla wdmÞ wju lsßfï

jHdmD;shla ls%hd;aul lrkq ,eîh' ta wkqj f;drd.;a

m%cdjka 50la ;=, jHdmD;s 75la ksu lsßug ie,iqï lr

we;s w;r fï jk úg 50lg wêl jHdmD;s ixLHdjla

ksulr th m%cd whs;shg mjrd oS we;' fuysÈ i|yka l,

hq;= jeo.;a lreK jkqfha fï i|yd ,nd fokq ,enq m%cd

iyNd.s;ajhhs' wjYH uQ,sl uq,H" øjHuh yd ;dlaIKsl

iyh Y%S ,xld r;= l=rei iudch uÕska ,ndfok w;r Y%u

odhl;ajh yd we;eï jHdmD;s i|yd ysÕ uq,H iïm;a

m%cdj uÕska imhd oSu ;=,ska" fuu jHdmD;sh Tjqkaf.a

jHdmD;shla jYfhka ie,lsug m%cdj W;aiql= ù we;'

fuu ;;ajh jHdmD;sfha bÈß kv;a;= lsÍfï lghq;= ioyd

21

fukau ;Sridr meje;augo fndfyda bjy,a fõ'

f;dard.;a wdmÞ wju lsÍfï jHdmD;s úúO ldKav j,g

wh;a jk w;r tajd my; i|yka j.=fõ mßÈ fõ' tys wÞ,

ldKavfha jHdmD;s .Kk yd tys uq¿ m%;s,dNska .Kk

olajd we;'

l%shd;aul wxYjHdmD;s ixLHdj

m%;s,dNska ixLHdj

01 m%cd c, myiqlï iemhSu ^kj <sx bos

lsÍu" c, mú;%SlrKh yd c,h fnÞ

yeÍfï ^c, gexls& ia:dk bos lsÍu

17 26470

02 ikSmdrlaIl myiqlï ,nd§u yd

jeisls,s bos lsÍu

13 9145

03 m%cd Yd,d bÈ lsßu ^fuu Yd,d

wdrCIl uOHia:dk yd m%d:ñl fi!LH

uOHia:dk f,io Ndú;d lrhs'&

14 21830

04 wdrCIs; bj;a lsÍfï ud¾. ieliSu 07 7440

05 .x bjqre ieliSu yd c, mjdyk ud¾.

bÈ lsÍu'

05 7625

06 Ôjfkdamdh ud¾. jeä oshqKq lsÍu

i|yd iyh oelaùu ^;dlaIKsl iyh

iy WmlrK ,nd oSu&

02 635

07 wdmod fmr iqodkï i|yd wjYH

WmlrK ,nd§u

13 12500

óg wu;rj fmdaIK ;;ajhka by, kexùu i|yd fmdaIK

wOHdmk jev igykao f.j;= j.d jevigyka ;=,ska

ukaofmdaIKh wju lsÍu i|yd odhl;ajhlao" tfiau

iajia:s;sl;djh by, kexùu i|yd wjYH oekqj;aùfï

jevigykao fuu jHdmD;sh hgf;a l%shd;aul fõ'

fvx.=" fnda fkdjk frda." u;aøjHh yd ÿïfld, Ndú;h"

jix.; frda. md,kh" ,sx.slj iïfma%Ikh jk frda. yd

taâia jeks frda. iïnkaOj m%cdj ;=, we;s oekqu by,

kexùfñ wruqKska fuu lreKq wdjrKh jk mßoafoka

úúO wOHdmk oekqj;a lsÍfï jevigyk m%cdj ;=,

ls%hd;aul lrkq ,nhs' fuys § wod, Èia;%slalfha frday,a"

ffjoHjreka yd fi!LH ks<Odßka iyfhda.h Wmßu

wkaoñka ,nd .eksug Y%S ,xld r;= l=rei ix.uhg yels

ù we;' ;jo foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdihka iy tys n,mEu

iïnkaOfhka m%cdj oejqj;a lsÍfï jevigykao ls%hd;aul

flreKs'

m%cd iudðlhkaf.a l=i,;djhka" yelshdjka yd

Odß;djhka ÈhqKq lsÍfï" kdhl;aj" hymd,kh yd

l<ukdlrK mqyqKq yd m%:udOdr mqyqKq jevigyka

fukau wdmÞjloS lghq;= l,hq;= wdldrh .eko m%dfhda.sl

oekqula ,nd fuu jHdmD;sfhka m%cdj fj; fokq ,efí'

wdmÞjloS fiùï yd uqojd .eksï" l|jqre l<ukdlrKh"

fmr oekqï oSfï iy fmryqre jevigyka tu l%shdldrï

w;ßka lsysmhla fõ'

wod, m%cd iudðlhkaf.a Ôjk uÜgu by, kexùfï

wruqKska Tjqkaf.a Ôjfkdamdh ud¾. jeä ÈhKq lr

.eksug wjYH ;dlaIKsl mqyqKqj yd we;eï úg WmlrK

lÜg,o fuu jHdmD;sh hgf;a imhd fokq ,efí'

m%cd jevigyka j,g iu.dój tla tla Èia;%slalfhka

f;dard.;a mdie,a 05la ;=, mdie,a wmod wdrCIK

jevigyka l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk w;r fuu jevigyka

wOHdmk wud;HxYfha mQ¾K wkque;sh we;sj taldnoaOj

l%shd;aul lrkq ,nhs'

wod, Èia;%slalfha l,dm wOHdmk ks<Odßka" f;dard.;a

mdie,a j, úÿy,am;sjreka i|yd fuu jHdmD;sh y÷kajd

§fï jevigykska wk;=rej wÞ, mdie,a ;=, fuu y÷kajd

§fï jevigyka isÿ lrkq ,nhs' f;jkqj f;dard.;a

mdie,a j,ska .=rejre fofofkl= i|yd §¾> jYfhka fuu

jevigyk y÷kajd§u i|yd foÈkl jevuq¿jla mj;ajkq

,efí' fï i|yd wOHdmk wud;HxYfha ks<OdÍkao

iïnkaO lr.kq ,nhs'

fï hgf;a .=rejr .=rejßhka 98 fofkl= i|yd jevuq¿

4la mj;aajd we;' wk;=rej mdie,a ;=, f.dÿre ùug we;s

bvlv yd Odß;d ;lafiarejla isÿ lr jd¾:djla yd

ie,iqï ilia lrkq ,efí' fï jk úg f;dard.;a mdie,a

50ka 40lg wêl ixLHdjla tu jd¾:d yd ie,iqï ilia

lr we;s w;r wfkla tajd ksu fjñka mj;S'

óg wu;rj mdie, ;=, wdmod wdrCIK lKavdhï

^m%:udOdr" wk;=re weÕùfï lKavdhï yd bj;a lsrSfï

lKavdhï& msysgqjd we;s w;r yÈis wdmodjl§ ta i|yd

uqyqK oshhq;= wdldrh .ek wjfndaOhla ,nd §u i|yd

mdie,a ;=< fmryqre .Kkdjla mj;a jd we;'

Bg wu;rj mdie,a ;=, m%:udOdr tall" ud¾. wdrCIdj

ms<sn| tallhkao msysgqjd we;' by< fY%aKs j, isiqka

i|yd ÿïjeá yd u;ameka ksjdrKh ms<sn| oekqj;a lsÍfï

jevigyka iy ,sx.dYs%; fndajk frda. ms<sn| oekqj;a

lsÍfï jevigyka o mj;a jkq ,efí' tfukau mdie,a

orejka i|yd wdmod wju lsÍu ud;Dldj lr .ksñka úúO

;rÕo fuu jHdmD;sh hgf;a mj;ajkq ,nhs'

fuys§ úfYaIfhka i|yka l,hq;= jkafka mdie, ;=,

we;s y÷kd.;a wdmod wju lsÍu i|yd l=vd mßudKfha

jHdmD;s i|yd uQ,H iyfhda.hla fuu jHdmD;sh hgf;a

m%Odkh lsÍug yelsùuhs' fuys§ m%Odk jYfhka mdie,

;=, m%:udOdr tall msysgqjd wod, WmlrK ,nd §ug

lghq;= lr we;'

mdie,a ;=, wdmod wju lsßu Wfoid l%shd;aul lr we;s

jHmD;s my; j.=fjka olajd we;' tys jHdmD;s .Kk yd

tys uq¨ m%;s,dNS YsIH ixLHdj olajd we;'

l%shd;aul wxYjHdmD;s ixLHdj

m%;s,dNska ixLHdj

01 m%:udOdr tall msysgqùu 23 26470

02 wdrCIl neñ iy jegj,a ieliSu 04 9145

03 wkdrlaIs; f.dvke.s,s yd úÿ,s /yeka

moaO;s w¨;a jeähd lsÍu

05 21830

04 wmøjH l<ukdlrK m%j¾Okh lsÍu 03 7440

05 ikSmdrCIl l%u jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu 02 7625

06 c, m%jdyk l%u jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu 01 635

07 c, iïmdokh 01 12500

fuhg wu;rj YS% ,xld r;= l=rei iudch úiska §mjHdma;j

mdie,a ;=, mj;ajk ,enQ mßir ixrCIK jevigyka iy

cd;sl me< isgqùfï jevigyka i|yd úYd, odhl;ajhla

fuu jHdmD;sh ;=,ska ,nd § we;'

fuu jHdmD;sfha wfmaCIs; m%;sM, jq" iajdNdúl yd ñksid

úiska we;s lrkq ,enq wdmodjka j,§" Bg Tfrd;a;= foñka

m%;súmdl iSudlr .ksñka" kej; m%lD;s ;;a;ajhg m;aúh

yels m%cdjka f.dvkexùug ie,lsh hq;= uÜgfuka

odhl;ajhla fï jk úg ,nd §ug wmg yels jq nj

i;=áka m%ldY lruq' fuu jHdmD;sh ;jÿrg;a fjk;a

m%cdjka i|yd o jHdma; lrñka tu m%cdjka m%;Hia:;sl

m%cdjka njg m;a lssÍu wmf.a wruqKhs'

22

uE; jirj, wOHdmkh ,nd .ekSfï

wruqKska Ökhg tk Y%S ,dxlsl

YsIHhkaf.a ixLHdj l%ufhka jeä fjkjd'

;dlaIKh" ffjoH úoHdj" nqÿ oyu iy Ök

NdIdj wdosh ,dxlslhka Ök úYaj úoHd,j,oS

jvd jeäfhka wOHhkh lrk úIhka'

oeka Ökfha fndfyda m%foaYj, úYaj úoHd,j, Y%S

,dxlsl YsIH YsIHdjka olakg ,efnkjd' yenehs

oeka i|yka lrkak iQodkï jk fï úYaj úoHd,h

iqúfYaIS tlla' fuh ,dxlslhkaf.a wjOdkhg

;ju;a ,la ù keye' ta WKdg Ökfha wfkl=;a

úYaj úoHd,j,g idfmalaIj" fï úYaj úoHd,h

Y%S ,xldj iu`. jvd ióm in`o;djla mj;sk

tlla' fudl o" fuys isxy, wxYhla ;sfnkjd' ta

ú;rla fkfuhs" fï úYaj úoHd,h oekg isxy,

NdIdj b.ekaùfï tlu Ök úYaj úoHd,h' fï

;uhs fnhsðx k.rfha msysá fnhsðx úfoia NdId

úYaj úoHd,h'

wfma Ök cd;Hka;r .=jka úÿ,sfha isxy,

fiajfha jev lrk Ök cd;slhkaf.ka nyq;rh

fï fnhsðx úfoia NdId úYaj úoHd,fha isxy,

wxYfha WmdêOdÍka' WodyrK jYfhka i`oyka

lf<d;a isxy, fiajfha ysgmq wOHlaI jx ish´

;=x uy;d" oekg wOHlaIljßh f,i lghq;=

lrk fIx ,S uy;añh jf.au Id´ Ô hx" ,shq yqhs

jeks wh ta úYaj úoHd,fha wdos YsIHhka' ta ksid"

fï fnhsðx úfoia NdId úYaj úoHd,fha isxy,

wxYh ke;skï" j;auka Ökfha isxy, úldYh

mj;skafka keye lsh,d lsõfjd;a widOdrK

keye'

isxy, fiajfha" Id´ Ô hx i`oyka lrkjd fnhsðx

úfoia NdId úYaj úoHd,hg b;d m%lg lS¾;s

kduhla ysñ jk nj' ta úYaj úoHd,h Ökfha

úfoaY lghq;= ms<sn`o ks,Odßkaf.a f;dá,a,la

f,iska ye|skaúh yels lshk tl' fudl o Ökfha

;sfnk jvd;a u jeä úfoia NdIdjka ixLHdjla

b.ekaùfï úYaj úoHd,h jk fnhsðx úfoia

NdId úYaj úoHd,fha WmdêOdÍka w;r" Ökfha tA

tA wud;HxYj, weu;sjreka iy Wm weu;sjreka

ishhlg wdikak msßila isákjd'

úfoaY lghq;= lafIa;%fha m%ùKhskag wu;rj"

rfÜ fjk;a lafIa;% /il úYsIaGhka rdYshl=;a

fnhsðx úfoia NdId úYaj úoHd,fha wdos

YsIHhka' ta w;r" fkdfn,a idys;H ;Hd.h ,enQ

mqoa.,fhla o isákjd' ;j o" Ökfha m%Odku

mqj;a tackaish jk Iskayqjd mqj;a tackaisfha

m%Odk fodrgqj

fnhsðx úfoia NdIdúYaj úoHd,h

23

jd¾;dlrejka" ixialdrljreka fndfyduhla

fukau" tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkfhys Ök

rchg fiajh lrk mßj¾;lhka jeks mqoa.,hka

rdYshl=;a fï úYaj úoHd,fha wOHdmkh ,;a wh'

oekg fnhsðx úfoia NdId úYaj úoHd,fha úfoia

NdId 54la W.kakkq ,nkjd' jir 2020 jk

úg" tys ixLHdj 90la olajd j¾Okh lsÍug

úYaj úoHd,fha wOHlaI uKav<h ie,iqï lr

;sfnkjd'

flfia kuq;a" jir 1941oS msysgqjkq ,nk

fnhsðx úfoia NdId úYaj úoHd,h yqfola úfoia

NdId mqyqKq lrk úYaj úoHd,hla muKla u

fkfuhs' úfoia NdId mSGhg wu;rj" jHdmdßl

l<ukdlrK mSGh" kS;s mSGh" mqj;a mSGh iy

úfoaYSh YsIHhkag Ök NdIdj b.ekaùu wruqKq

lr .kakd Ök NdId mSGh jeks mSG 14la o tys

ia:dms; lr ;sfnkjd'

oeka" fnhsðx úfoia NdId úYaj úoHd,fha isxy,

wxYh ms<sn`o wmQre f;dr;=re rdYshla Tng ;s<sK

lrkakï' úYaj úoHd,fha ;sfnk úfoia NdId wxY

54la w;r tlla jk isxy, wxYh msysgqjkq ,enqfõ

jir 1961oS' tys Wm; Ökfha ysgmq w.%dud;H fp!

tka ,dhs uy;d iu. ióm j iïnkaOhs' fudl

o" jir 1959oS fp! tka ,dhs w.ue;s;=udf.a

Wmfoia wkqj" isxy, wxYfha wdrïNlhd f,i

ie<flk fpka hQ fpdx uy;d isxy, NdIdj

wOHhkh lrkak Y%S ,xldjg .shd' jir 1961oS

fpka hQ fpdx uy;df.a iyNd.s;ajfhka isxy,

NdIdj b.ekaùfï wxYhla fnhsðx úfoia NdId

úYaj úoHd,fha ia:dms; flreKd'

wvishjilg jeä ld,hla ;=<oS" isxy, wxYh

WmdêOdÍka fndfyda msßila fmdaIK lr ;sfnkjd'

Tjqkaf.ka fndfyda fofkla Ökfha úfoaY lghq;="

wOHdmk iy fjf<`o .kqfokq ms<sn`o wdh;k

fukau" wfma Ök cd;Hka;r .=jka úÿ,sh jeks

udOH iy Y%S ,xldfõ wdfhdack lghq;=j, ksr;

jk Ök iud.ï jeks wdh;k /il fiajd lrk

mqoa.,hka' Tjqka w;r" Ökfha isxy, wOHdmkfha

wdrïNlhd jk fpka hQ fpdx uy;d o isákjd'

;j o" Y%S ,dxlslhka fndfyda fofkla fyd`oska

y`÷kk inr.uqj úYaj úoHd,fha wdpd¾h yd´

fjhs fuka uy;d iy Y%S ,xldfõ ysgmq Ök

;dkdm;s cHdx Ñka peka uy;d o isxy, wxYfha

wdos YsIHhka' tfuka u" wfma Ök cd;Hka;r

.=jka úÿ,sfha isxy, fiajfha jx ish´ ;=x uy;d

iy fIx ,S uy;añh o fnhsðx úfoia NdId úYaj

úoHd,fha WmdêOdÍka' ta wh Ökh iy Y%S ,xldj

w;r ñ;%;ajh iy ixialD;sl yqjudre fjkqfjka

lemS fmfkk odhl;ajhla ,nd fokjd'

uE; b;sydifha" Ökh iy Y%S ,xldj w;r

ñ;=ou ;j ;j;a ;yjqre ù ;sfnkjd' tjeks

miqìula hgf;a" Y%S ,xldj ms<sn`oj jvd mßmQ¾K

wjfndaOhla ,eîu i`oyd jir 2011 wf.dia;=

ui Y%S ,xld m¾fhaIK uOHia:dkh fnhsðx

úfoia NdId úYaj úoHd,fhys ia:dms; flreKd'

tys iudrïNl W;aijh Ökfha ixpdrhlg

meñKs uyskao rdcmlaI ckdêm;s;=udf.a

iyNd.s;ajfhka meje;ajqKd' ta uOHia:dkh

Ökfha ;sfnk Y%S ,xldj ms<sn`oj m¾fhaIK

lrk m<uq wdh;kh f,i ie<flkjd' ta

uOHia:dkfha m¾fhaIK lghq;=j,g odhl

fjkak jf.au tys isxy, wxYfha b.ekaùfï

lghq;= i`oyd tla fjkakehs fnhsðx úfoia

NdId úYaj úoHd,h Y%S ,dxlslhkaf.ka oeä

f,i n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkjd'

Ökh iy Y%S ,xldj w;r in`o;d ióm

ùu;a iu.u" forg w;r úúO lafIa;%j,

iyfhda.s;d i`oyd rgj,a fofla u NdIdj

yd ixialD;sh .ek wjfndaOhla ;sfnk

mqoa.,hka w;HjYHhs' ta ksid" oeka isxy,

NdIdj wOHhkh lrk Ök YsIHhka jeä

jk w;r;=r" Ök ni flfrys reÑh olajk

,dxlslhkq;a jeä fjñka mj;skjd'

ta fya;=fjka Ökfha ;sfnk úfoaYslhkag

úYaj úoHd,fha o¾Ykhla

24

Ök NdIdj yd Ök ixialD;sh b.ekaùfï m<uq

úYaj úoHd,h jYfhka" fnhsðx úfoia NdId

úYaj úoHd,h fndfyda ,dxlsl YsIHhkaf.a losu

f;aÍula fjkak mq`tjka' miq.sh ishjfia 50

oYlfha isg u úfoaYslhkag Ök ni b.ekajQ

ksid" fnhsðx úfoia NdI úYaj úoHd,hg b;d

yrj;a w;aoelSï /ila ;sfhkjd' oeka tys Ök

NdId mSGfha ld¾h uKav,h ;=< wdpd¾hjreka

10fofkla" Wm wdpd¾hjreka 38fofkla we;=`t

.=rejreka 60lg jeä msßila isákjd'

jir 2011 jk úg" wefußldj" hqfrdamd rgj,a"

cmdkh yd ol=Kq fldßhdj jeks rgj, YsIHhka

oiodylg wdikak msßila fnhsðx úfoia NdId

úYaj úoHd,fha wOHdmkh ,nd ;sfnkjd' tu

jir ;=<oS" tys bf.kSï lghq;=j, kshef<k

úfoaY YsIH YsIHdjkaf.a ixLHdj 3500lg jvd

jeä jqKd' Tjqkag tysoS Wmdêh iy mYapd;a

Wmdêh ms<sn`o wOHdmkh fukau fláld,Sk

mqyqKq jeks wOHdmk o ,nd .kak mq`tjka'

losu b.ekaùï lghq;= fukau" fnhsðx úfoia

NdId úYaj úoHd,fha há;, myiqlï o hym;a

uÜgul mj;skjd' tys Ökfha ,iaiKu

mqia;ld,hla ;sfnkjd' ;j o" úfoia NdId

fmd;am;a iy Y%jH oDYH ksIamdok m%ldYkh

lrk Ökfha úYd,;u m%ldYk tallh tys

;sfnkjd' tysoS úfoia NdIdjg mßj¾;kh jQ

Ökh ms<sn`o fmd;am;a rdYshla ;sfnkjd' Bg

wu;rj" l%Svd msá iy úúO l%Svd biõ i`oyd jk

l%Svdx.k fndfyduhla o ta úYaj úoHd,fhys

ia:dms; lr ;sfnkjd' ta ú;rla fkfuhs" úfoaYSh

YsIH YsIHdjka i`oyd jk mßmQ¾K myiqlïj,ska

hq;a fkajdisld.drhla o tys bos lr ;sfnkjd'

we;a; jYfhkau" Ökfha iS>% jraOkh;a iu`.

Ökfha úYaj úoHd,j, há;, myiqlï o uE;

b;sydih ;=<oS iS>%fhka oshqKq ù ;sfnkjd'

fnhsðx úfoia NdId úYaj úoHd,fha wdos

YsIHdjla fukau Ök cd;Hka;r .=jka úÿ,sfha

isxy, fiajfha fiaúldjla jk ,shq yqhs ;u úYaj

úoHd,fha myiqlï lafIa;%fha oshqKqj ms<sn`oj

fufia lSjd' —jir 2000§ uu fnhsðx úfoia

NdId úYaj úoHd,hg we;=`M jqKd' ta ld,hg jvd

oeka úYaj úoHd,h fyd`og fjkia fj,d" oshqKq

fj,d' tys myiqlï iïmQ¾Kfhka oshqKq fj,d'

uu t;ekg hk yeu wjia:djloS u i;=gla iy

uú;hla ug oefkkjd' fudl o ta yeu úg u

wkfmalaIs; iqkaor;ajh" w¨;a f.dvke.s,s ug

olskak ,enqKd' we;a; jYfhka u wo ojfia

YsIHhka b;du;a jdikdj;a;hs'˜

tfykï" Tn;a tkak fnhsðx úfoia NdId úYaj

úoHd,fha wOHdmkhg tla jkak' ta i`oyd tys

wOHlaI uKav,h ú;rla fkfuhs" wms;a Tng

wjxl is;ska wdrdOkd lrkjd' Bg Tn leue;a;la

olajkafka kï úYaj úoHd,fha úia;rd;aul

f;dr;=re n,kak my; oelafjk fjí wvúhg

msúfikak mq¿jka' www.bfsu.edu.cn

mqia;ld,h

25

Ök T,sïmsla isyskfha

mqfrda.dñhd2008 jif¾ wf.daia;= udifha 8 fjksod isg wf.daia;=

29 od olajd ld,h Ök b;shdifha rka wl=ßka ,shejqk

ld, mßÉfþohla njg m;a úh' —tlu f,dj tlu

isyskh˜ hkak f;aud lr.;a 29 fjks T,sïmsla l%Svd

Wf<, Ökfha fnhsðx k.rfha meje;a ùu thg

fya;=jls' tys§ rka molalï 51la" ߧ molalï 21la

iy f,dalv molalï 28la f,iska ch.%dyS molalï

100la Èkd.;a Ökh l%Svd f,dalfha m%:u ia:dkhg

m;aúh' ms<sfj<ska wefußldj" reishdj iy ì%;dkHh

Ökhg msgqmiska fojk" ;=kjk iy isõjk ia:dk

ysñ lrf.k ;sìK' th §¾> ld,hla Ök cd;slhska

ÿgq T,sïmsla isyskh h:d¾;hla njg m;ajQ iaj¾Kuh

wjia:djla f,i b;sydihg tla úh'

fï T,sïmsla isyskfha uq,au ysñlrejd jQfha —,shq pka

pqka˜' Tyq T,sïmsla l%Svd Wf<,la ksfhdackh l< uq,au

Ök cd;sl l%Svlhd h'

1909 § Bidk È. Ökfha ,sfhdaksx m<df;a od,sheka

k.rfha § Wm; ,enQ ,shq pka pqka nd, úfha isgu

l%Svdjg Wkkaÿjla oelajQ flfkls' 1932 § úYaj

úoHd,fhka l%Svd úIh ms<sn|j Wmdêhla ,nd.;a Tyq

ta jk úg;a b;d olaI flá ÿr Odjlfhla f,iska

m%isoaO ù isáfha h' tu ld,fha Ökh mej;=fKa b;d

whym;a ;;ajhl h' úúO wêrdcHjd§ rgj,a Ökfha

úúO m<d;a w,a,f.k isáhy' Ök ck;dj Ôj;a jQfha

b;d wiSrefjks' fï w;r 1932 wefußlfõ mej;s

10 fjks T,sïmsla Wf<,g l%Svlhska bÈßm;a lsÍug

Ökhg m%:u jrg wjia:dj ysñ úh' Ökh ta i|yd

f;dard .kq ,enqfõ tla l%Svlfhl= muKs' Tyq ,shq pka

pqka kï l%Svlhdhs'

yuqod fckrd,a jrhdf.a wdOdrh we;sj Ökfha T,sïmsla

Wf<,la ksfhdackh l< m%:u l%Svlhd f,iska ,shq pka

pqka ish mqyqKqlre iu`. wefußldj n,d fk!ldjlska

.uka weröh' th b;d ÿIalr .ukls' Èk 21 lg miq

Tjqyq f,dia wekac,Sia k.rhg meñKshy' tys isá Ök

cd;slfhda fï fofokd b;d idorfhka ms<s.;ay'

,shq pka pqka

26

Èk 21l È.= keõ .uk fya;=fjka ,shq pka pqka

f.a fi!LH ;;ajh ;rula whym;a w;g yeÍ

;sìK' ta neúka" Tyqg óg¾ 400 ;r. biõjg

iyNd.s ùug wjia:djla fkd,eìK' Tyq óg¾

100 iy 200 ;r. j,g iyNd.s jqj;a id¾:l

m%:sM,hla ,nd .ekSu wiSre úh' tfy;a l%Svd

Wf<, wjika ù Tyq kej; Ökhg meñKs

wjia:dfõ§ Ök ck;dj Tyq ms<s.kq ,enqfõ uy;a

yrißKs' tu ld,fha Ök ck;djg T,sïmsla

l%Svd Wf<,g iyNd.s ùug wjia:djla ,eîu

muKla u ch.%yKh ;rïu jeo.;a lreKls'

thska jir 4lg miqj ,shq pka pqka g c¾uksfha

mej;s T,sïmsla Wf<,g h<s;a jrla Ökh

ksfhdackh lsÍfï jru ysñ úh' Èk 20lg jvd

jeä fk!ld .uk ksid we;s jQ whym;a fi!LH

;;ajh tjr o Tyqf.a ch.%yKhg yria úh'

fojrlau isÿjQ ta wjdikdjka; wid¾:l isÿùu

,shq pka pqka f.a Ôú;fha iodld,sl fõokdjla

njg m;a ù ;sìK'

l%Svdj ms<sn|j fndfyda oekqï iïNdrhla ysñ

lr.;a Tyq Ökfha úYaj úoHd, lSmhlu l%Svd

.=rejrfhla f,iska lghq;= l< w;r Tyq l%Svdj

ms<sn|j fmd;a lSmhlao ,shd m< lr ;sfí'

T,sïmsla Wf<,la ksfhdackh l< m%:u Ök

cd;sl l%Svlhd f,iska b;sydihg tlajQ ,sh pka

pqka ye;a;E y;r jk úfha§ 1983 § Ôú;fhka

iuq.;af;a h'

tod fldaá 40l Ök ck;dj w;ßka T,sïmsla

Wf<,g iyNd.s jQ tlu mqoa.,hd njg m;ajQ Tyq

Ök cd;slhskaf.a wd;au .re;ajfha nr ;u lrg

.ksñka Ök T,sïmsla Ñka;kfha m%:uhd njg

m;a úh' Ök l%Svlhska T,sïmsla rka molalula

Èkd .ekSfï Èkh iy Ökfha T,sïmsla Wf<,la

meje;afjk Èkh Tyqf.a Ôú;fha jeo.;au

isysk njg m;aj ;sìK' bka m<uq isyskh ienE

jQfha Tyqf.a urKfhka jirlg miqjhs' ta 1984

wefußldfõ mej;s T,sïmsla Wf<f,a § Ökh rka

molalï /ila ysñ lr .ekSuhs' wfkla isyskh

w;s id¾:lj ienE jQfha jir 2008 fnhsðx

T,sïmsla ch.%yKfhks' flfia jqj o ,shq pka

pqka m%uqL Ök cd;slhska ÿgq wiSre T,sïmsla

isyskhka ienE ùu miqmi we;af;a lemùu iy

wm%;sy; ffO¾hh ms<sn| l;dkaorhls'

,shq pka pqka uef,aishdkq l%Svlhl= iu`.

27

28

29

Ökh tlai;a nyqcd;sl rgls' tod fuod ;=r

áfngh Ökfha mßmd,k tallhla jYfhka

Ökfhka fjka l< fkdyels fldgils' tu

m%foaYh áfnÜ iajdh;a;h jYfhka ye¢kafjhs'

l%sia;= mQ¾j ld,fha áfnÜ cd;slhkaf.a uq;=ka

ñ;a;ka iy Ökfha úiQ m%Odk cd;sh jk yka

cd;slhka w;r ióm in|;djla mej;=Ks'

l%s'j' 7jk ishjfia uq,§ gdx rdc fm<m; wdrïN

úh' ta jk úg Ökfha md,k n,h fn§ fjka ù

;sìK' bka miq gdx rdc fm<m; l%ufhka n,j;a

ù rg tlafiai;a lr gdx rdcOdksh msysgqjQfõ

h' ta iu`.u áfngfha fidkaidka .dïfnda tys

f.da;% lsysmhla tlai;a lr ;+fnda rdcOdksh

msysgqjQfõ h'

fomd¾Yajfha rdclSh mjq,a w;r újdy in|;d

we;s ùfï m%;sM,hla jYfhka gdx rc iufha

áfnÜ ckhd iy Ökfha úiQ yka ckhd w;r

in|;d wÆ;a fjkak mgka .;af;a h' fï ksid

Yla;su;a wd¾Ól ixialD;sl yd foaYmd,k

tl`.;d f.dv ke`.=Ks' gdx rdcOdksfha fjkafpx

l=udßh áfngfha rcq fidkaidka .dïfnda yd

újdy úh' fï jk úg;a fjkafpx l=ußhf.a

ms<suh áfnÜ iajdh;a;fha fmdgd,d ud<s.fha

mQckSh;ajfhka .re ie<ls,s ,nhs'

tfukau gdx iy ;+fnda in|;dj Tjqka

ksfhdackh l< N+ñ m%foaY yd ck;dj tlg tl;=

lsÍfï .súiqulg fhduq úh' ta wkqj bÈ flreKq

isysjgkhla áfngfha fcdalka wdrdufha wo;a

olakg ,efí'

13jk ishjfia ueo Nd.fha§ áfngh Ökfha

hqjdka rdc jxYh iu`. ks< jYfhka taldnoaO

úh' Ökfha rdc jxY .Kkdjla bka miq n,hg

m;a j ;snqK;a áfngh wLKavj mej;=fKa Ök

uOHu rcfha wKil hgf;a h' jir 1279§

iuia; Ökh tlai;a fldg hqjdka rdc jxYh

msysgqjkq ,enqfõ fudkaf.da,shdkq yuqodj úisks'

ta iu`.u áfngh hqjdka rdc jxYh hgf;a

Rcqju md,kh jk mßmd,k m%foaYhla njg

m;a úh'

áfnÜ b;sydih

30

áfnÜ m%foaYfha jeo.;a hqOuh yd foaYmd,k

lghq;= fjkqfjka hqjdka wêrdchd fjku

fomd¾;fïka;=jla msysgqùug l%shd lf<a h'

áfngh ;=< mßmd,k lghq;= i|yd jdkayQ*Q

iy ÑhekayQ*Q kñka ld¾hd, .Kkdjla wdrïN

flßK' tfukau tys hqjdka yuqod fiakdxl

lSmhla o ia:dms; lrkq ,eìK' tl, áfngfha

ck yd foam< ix.Kk /ilau jßka jr isÿ

flrefKa hqjdka uOHu wdKavqfjks'

jir 1368§ Ökfha hqjdka rdc fm<m; wjika

úh' ta fjkqjg ñx rdc fm<m; n,hg m;a úh'

áfngfha md,kh o ñx rdc fm<m;g Wreu úh'

ta ld,fha ñx rdc jxYfha wêrdchd áfngfha

úúO m%foaYj, wd.ñl kdhlhkag l=udr"

O¾u l=udr" cd;sl ;ka;% .=re hk f.!¾j kdu

msßkeuqfõ h'

áfnÜ nqÿ oyfï f.aÆ.a ksldfha m%Odk

Wreulaldrhka jYfhka mqkre;am;a;sh ,o

m%Odkshka fofokl= f,i ie<flkafka nkapka

,dud iy od,hs ,dud h' f.aÆ.a ksldh j¾Okh

jQfha ñx rdc iufha h' ta ld,fha tla wdrduhl

kdhlhd jQ 3jk od,hs ,dudg ñx rdcH jxYh

úfYaI ie<ls,a,la oelaúh' jir 1587§ jÊrdOr

od,hs ,dud hk f.!rj kduh t;=udg msßkukq

,eìK'

ñx rdc jxYh wjika ùfuka miq Ñx rdc jxYh

werôK' fuu rdc jxY iufha§ miajk od,hs

,dud iy miajk nkapka t¾foaks fj; f.!rj

kdu msßkuñka áfngh md,kh lsÍfï n,;,

mjrd fokq ,eìK'

jir 1793§ Ñx rdc jxYh áfngfha md,kh

ms<sn| j.ka;s 29lska hq;a kj jHjia:djla

y÷kajd ÿkafka h' ,dudjreka m;a lsÍu" yuqod

mßmd,kh iy mäkä f.ùu" úfoaY rdcHhka

iu`. in|;d yd ish¨ .kqfokq" Ök uOHu rch

úiska isÿ l< hq;= nj tu jHjia:dfõ j.ka;sj,

wka;¾.; úh'

Ndú; uqo,a i|yd ldishla ieliqug;a tys

fomd¾Yajfha igyka Ök yd áfnÜ NdId

foflkau ;eîug;a kshu lsÍu" ;j;a

j.ka;shls' tfukau ,dudjrekag ,efnk

mß;Hd. iy flduidßiajreka úiska mßlaId

fldg ,ehsia;= .; fldg uOHu rcfha wkque;sh

fj; heúh hq;=h' uOHu

rcfha wdêm;Hh áfngfha

mßmd,kh u; ;yjqre jk

nj j.ka;s úiskjfhka

fmkakqï flßK'

Ñx rdc jxYh fmr<d

oud jir 1911§ rg

wNHka;rfhka mek ke`.+

úma,jh ch.%yKh lsÍfï

m%;sM,hla jYfhka Ök ck

rch msysgqjkq ,eìK'

Ök ck rcfha m%:u

ckdêm;s jQ iqka h;afika

ish ux., foaYkh lf<a

jir 1912 ckjdß ui

m<uqjkod h' yka" ueka"

fudkaf.da,shdkq" yqhs iy

áfnÜ hk cd;Ska iy Tjqka

N=la;s ú¢k N+ñ m%foaY

tlai;a lsÍu" kj ck rcfha moku jk nj

t;=ud lSfõ h' bka miq ;djld,sl ck rc

jHjia:dj ilia flßK' áfngh Ök ck rcfha

fldgilehs tys meyeÈ,sj i|yka úh'

jir 1940§ Ök ck rcfha ia:djr ksfhdað;

ld¾hd,hla áfngfha ,did k.rfha ia:dms;

flßK' hqjdka" ñx iy Ñx rdcH fm<m;aj,§

áfngfha rcq fidkaidka .dïfnda iy gdx rdc jxYfha l=udß fjkafpx

31

fukau áfngh flfrys Ök

uOHu md,kfha wKil Ök

ck rc iufha§ o tl f,iu

l%shd;aul úK'

jir 1949§ Ök uyck

iuQydKavqj msysgqjkq ,eìK'

áfnÜ b;sydih yd i;H

;;ajhg wkqj Ök uOHu

rch áfngh flfrys iduldñ

ksoyia m%;sm;a;shla fhdod

.ekSug ;SrKh lf<a h' jir

1951 uehs ui 23jkod Ök

uOHu rch iy áfnÜ m%dfoaYSh

rch w;r iduldñ ksoyia

m%;sm;a;sh iïnkaOfhka

.súiqulg w;aika ;eîh'

cd;sldrlaIdj ;yjqre lsÍu

i|yd;a úfoaY wêrdcHjd§ n,fõ. úkdY lsÍu

i|yd;a Ök uyck úuqla;s yuqodj áfnghg

we;=¿ ùug iyh fok f,i Ök uOHu rch

áfnÜ m%dfoaYSh rcfhka b,a,Sula l< nj

fuu .súiqfï i|yka h' áfnÜ m%foaYfha ish¨

úfoaYSh lghq;= uOHu rchg Ndr Èh hq;= fjhs'

uOHu rch od,hs ,dudjrekaf.a Oqrhg .re

lrk w;r áfnÜ cd;slhkaf.a wd.u weoySfï

whs;shg .re lrk nj o tys i|yka h' tfukau

áfngfha m%;sixialrK l< hq;af;a áfnÜ

m%dfoaYSh kdhlhka iu`. idlÉPd meje;aùfuks'

áfnghg iajhxmd,k l%uhla y÷kajd Èh hq;=

nj o fuu .súiqfuys wjOdrKh flßK'

jir 1959 ud¾;= udifha§ oekg Ökfhka m<d

f.dia isák 14jk od,hs ,dudf.a uQ,sl;ajfhka

le/,a,la ixúOdk flßK' bka miq od,hs ,dud

ráka m<d .sfha h' Èk folla ;=< le/,a,

u¾okh lsÍug Ök uOHu rch iu;a úh'

wk;=rej áfngh mqrd m%cd;ka;%sl m%;sixialrK

isÿ úh' .; jQ jir 50lg jeä ld,h ;=<

áfnÜ cd;slhkaf.a m%cd;ka;%sl whs;ska wdrlaId

lsÍug;a ck Ôú; uÜgu by< kexùug;a

wd¾Ólh ÈhqKq lsÍug;a

Ök uOHu rch uy`.=

odhl;ajhla ,nd § ;sfí'

jir 1959g fmr áfnÜ

m%foaYfha jQfha jy,aNdjfha

b;sydihls' ishhg myla

;rï jQ bvï ysñ ro,hka yd

,dudjreka ishhg wkQmyla

jQ idudkH ck;dj u;

wdêm;H m;=rd ;sìK'

jy¨ka yd m%fõKs odihka

f,i idudkH áfnÜ

cd;slhkag lsisÿ iudc

foaYmd,k fyda wd.ñl

ksoyila fkd;sìK' jir

1959 isg áfnÜ ck;djf.a

md,lhka jkqfha ;ukauh'

áfngfha ,dudjreka

áfnÜ cd;slhka

32

jir 2013 Ökfha úoHd yd ;dlaIKsl

lafIa;%fha oejeka; mshjrla ;enQ jirla

f,i ye¢kaúh yels h' fikafpda

10 wNHdjldY hdkh id¾:l f,i .=jka .;

flrefKa ta jifr§ h' —Ylalsu;a Ökhla˜

isyskfha tla fldgila f,i —wNHjldY isyskh˜

fmkajd Èh yels h' Ök ck;djg wdvïnrhla

jQ fuu jevigyk ;jÿrg;a Yla;su;a lsÍfuka

wNHjldY .fõIKhg jeä bvlvla ysñ fjhs'

fikafpda 10 hdkh wNHdjldY .; lf<a jir

2013 cqks udifha 11jkod miajre 5(38 g Ökfha

.kaiQ m<df;a ðfhda pqjEka pkaøsld wNHjldY

uOHia:dkfhks'

tu hdkh Ökfha fikafpda wNHdjldY hdk

ud,djg wh;a tlls' th Ökfha ñksiqka iys;

miajk wNHdjldY hdkh njg m;a j we;'

fikafpda 10 fufyhqu id¾:l lr .ekSug tla

jQfha kshe yhsIdx" pdx ishd´.=jx iy jdx hdmsx

we;=¿ wNHdjldY.dó lKavdhu fj;s'

fikafpda 10 wNHdjldY hdkfha iajhxl%Sh

msßoaÿï id¾:l jqfKa cqks udifha 13jkod

miajrefõ 1(10 g h' fï wkqj áhekaf.dx tl

wNHdjldY fudähq,h iu`. th id¾:l j

iïnkaO ùh' wNHdjldY.dñka áhexf.dx tl

wNHdjldY fudähq,fha l=àr fodrgqj újr

fldg thg we;=¿ jQfha tÈk iji 4(17 g h'

Ökfha m%:u wNHdjldY foaYkh cqks udifha

20jkod fikafpda 10 wNHdjldY hdkfhka

úiqrejd yßk ,oS' thg ijka ÿka YsIH msßi

ñ,shk 60lg wêl h' fuu msßi rg mqrd

úisreKq uOH mdie,a 80000lg wh;a jQy' fuu

foaYkh isÿ lf<a wNHdjldY .dñks jdx hdmsx

úisks' by< wNHdjldYfha isg fun÷ foaYkhla

l< Ök b;sydifha m%:u wjia:dj fuhhs' 33

úhe;s weh jD;a;Sh Ôú;h wrOd we;af;a m%d:ñl

Ök ck;djf.awNHjldY isyskh

33

mdie,a .=rejßhl f,ihs' weh miqj Ök uyck

úuqla;s yuqod .=jka kshduljßh f,i lghq;=

l<d h' wef.a foaYkh wjia:dfõ§ fikafpda

10 hdkdj msysgd ;snqfKa lsf,daóg¾ 340l by<

wNHdjldYfhah' rEm udOH ;laIKh Tiafia

iÔúj weh isiqkaf.a m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re ÿkakd

h' whsfila ksõgka úiska fidhd .kakd ,o

.=re;ajdl¾Ik kHdh wNHdjldY ;=< l%shd;aul

fkdjk wdldrh weh kso¾Yk iys;j meyeÈ,s

l<d h' mDÓúh jgd lerlefjk neúka iEu

úkdä wkQjlgu jrlau weh ysre Wodj ÿgq nj;a

fï wkqj Èklg 16 j;djla ysre Wodjkq ÿgq

nj;a weh mejiqjd h' fmd<j iy ;re o¾Ykh

jqj;a mshdUk mSßis jeks lsisjla ;uka fkdÿgq

nj weh isiqjkag meyeÈ,s l<d h'

kshuq md,kh hqla;j áhekaf.dx tl wNHdjldY

fudähq,h iu`. iïnkaO flrefKa cqks udifha

23jkod WoEik 10(07 g h' fikafpda 10 hdkfha

kshuq kshe yhsIdx th ksjerÈj md,kh l<

w;r pdx ishd´.=jx iy jdx hdmsx thg iómj

iyhla ,nd ÿkafkda h'

fikafpda 10 id¾:lj h<s;a mDÓúhg meñKsfha

cqks udifha 26jkod WoEik 8(07 g h' th

Ökfha we;=¿ fudxf.da,shdkq N+ñhg m;s; ùh'

Èk 15l id¾:l wNHdjldY pdßldj wjika ùh'

tÈk WoEik 9(41 g kshe yhsIdx" pdx ishd´.=jx

iy jdx hdmsx hk wNHdjldY.dóka ms<sfj<ska

hdkdfjka msg;g meñKshy'

fikafpda 10 wNHdjldY pdßldj id¾:l ùu Ök

ck;djf.a wdvïnrhg fya;=jls' th úoHd yd

;dlaIKh ÈhqKq lsÍug orK il%Sh W;aidyfhka

Ôj.=Kh /§ wjia:djls' th Ök cd;sfha ;j;a

wNsudkhls'

Ök ck;djf.awNHjldY isyskh

34

Y%S ,xld ck Ôú;h uekúka y÷kd.;a

iqyo ñ;=frl= f,i Ök cd;Hka;r

.=jka úÿ,sfha isxy, fiajh bÈß

.ukla wdrïN lr ;sfí' Y%S ,xldj

mqrd úiqrejd yefrk flá ;rx.

iy niakdysr m<d; wdjrKh lrk

FM ;rx. úldYkhla isxy, fiajh

i;=fjhs' ish¿ jevigykaj,g

fmdâldiaáka fiajdj Tiafiao ijka

Èh yelsh'

isxy, fiajh wdrïN jQfha jir 1975

ckjdß m<uq odh' tjl meje;sfha

flá ;rx. úldYkhla muKs' jir

2010 wfma%,a 23 jkod tys FM ;rx.

úldYkh wdrïN flßK'

fï jk úg Ök cd;Hka;r .=jka

úÿ,sfha isxy, fiajh Y%S ,xldfõ .=jka

úÿ,s yd rEmjdyskS udOH yd mqj;am;a

iu`. ukd iyfhda.sl iïnkaO;djlska

hqla;j bÈßhg .uka lrñka isà'

Ök cd;Hka;r .=jka úÿ,sfha isxy, fiajh

35

36

Ök cd;Hka;r .=jka úÿ,sfha isxy, fiajfha

jevigyka Y%S ,xldfõ iuia; mjq,a tallh

b,lal fldg úiqrejd yßkq ,efí' jevigyka

wka;¾.;h Ökh iy Y%S ,xldj w;r we;s

idïm%odhsl ñ;%;ajh iy rdcH;dka;%sl ne§u

mokï fldg ilia lr ;sfí' i;sfha Èk my ;=<"

wd¾Ólh" ixialD;sh" ck Ôú;h iy ñ;%;ajh"

ixpdrh" iQm l,dj" Ökfha NdId wOHhkh

jeks úIh lafIa;% Tiafia jevigyka úldYkh

flf¾' úÑ;%dx. iudc yd ld,Sk f;dr;=re i|yd

o úfYaI;ajhla ysñj ;sfí' Ökfha Y%S ,xldfõ

iy f,dalfha kejqï f;dr;=re /.;a m%jD;a;s

úldYkhlao Èkm;d isÿ flf¾'

isxy, fiajfha jevigyka

Frequency Time (Sri Lanka)

FM CRI - Sri Lanka FM97.9 11:30-13:30 17:30-19:30

Short wave 49.8/31.6/30.61/25.21 19:30-20:30 05:00-06:00

Online http://sinhalese.cri.cn/

37

fld<U ¨ïìKs úoHd,fha ia:dmkh lrk ,o

CRI fldka*shqishia uOHia:dkh 2009 jI_fha §

tjlg Y%S ,xldfõ wOHdmk wud;Hjrhdj isá

iqis,a fm%auchka; uy;d úiska ks, jYfhka

újD; lrkq ,eîh'

Ök cd;Hka;r .=jka úÿ,sh Ökfha ykanka

fyj;a fldka*shqishia wdh;k uQ,ia:dkfha

WmfoaYl;ajfhka Y%S ,xldfõ fldka*shqishia

uOHia:dkhla msysgqjd ;sfí' fld<U ¨ïìKs

úoHd, mßY%fha msysgqjd we;s fuu ¨ïìKs

fldka*shqishia uOHia:dkh Y%S ,xldj yd Ökh

hd lrk wOHdmk yd ixialD;sl md,ula f,i

l%shd lrhs'

¨ïìKs úoHd,fha B ixlS¾Kfha ia:dms;

fldka*shqishia uOHdia:dkh kùk myiqlï

j,ska iukaú; mx;s ldurhla ks¾udKh lr

we;' úiswg fofkl=g tljr wOHdmkh ,eìh

yels fia ilid we;s fuu mx;s ldurh jdhq

iólrKh lr we;s w;r iEu isiqjl=gu

fm!oa.,slj Ndú;d l< yels mß.Kl myiqlï

j,ska iukaú;h' b.ekaùfï § uDÿldx. yd u,aá

óähd mßyrKh flf¾' Ök cd;sl .=reNj;=ka

f.a fiajh ,efnk w;r ;ud leu;s NdId

udOHhlska bf.kSu l< yelsh'

Ök NdIdj yd ixialD;sh bf.kSfï wjia:dj

furg ck;djg ,ndoSug wu;rj forg w;r

ixialD;sl yqjudre lsÍï fukau cd;aHka;r

;r. j,g iyNd.s ùfï bvm%ia:d o YsIH

YsIHdjka fj; ,nd § we;' YsIH lKavdhï 51 la

fï jk úg Ök NdIdj ms<sn| mokï mdGud,dj

iïmQ¾K fldg wjidkh' olaI YSIH YSIHdjkag

jeäÿr wOHdmkh ,eîu i|yd Ökfha úYaj

úoHd, j, bf.kSu i|yd mqK_ YsIH;aj ,nd§

we;' .;jQ ld,h ;=< Wmdê mdGud,d yd mYapd;a

Wmdê wOHdmkh o we;=¿j Ök úYaj úoHd,

j,g YsIH;aj u; fhduq l< ixLHdj 25 fokl=

muK fõ'

ykanka wdh;kh úiska jd¾Islj ixúOdkh

lrk Ök md,u ̂Chinese Bridge& cd;Hka;r ;r.h

i|yd uOHia:dkfha YsIH YsIHdjka wLKavj

iyNd.s ù ;sfí' fï yer Ökfha meje;ajQ iu¾

lEïma ^Summer Camp& yd úkag¾ lEïma ^Winter

Camp& jeks úúO ixialD;sl jevigyka i|yd

YsIH YsIHdjka iyNd.s ù we;'

fldka*shqishia uOHia:dkh

38

Ök lEu f,dalfhau iqm%isoaOhs' f,dal

ck;djf.ka ;=fkka tlla oskm;du Ök

lEu wkqNj lrkjd' j¾Kh" iqj| iy rihg

muKla fkdj fmdaIKhg o Ök iQmfõofha

ysñ fjkafka iqúfYaI ia:dkhla' Ökh úYd,

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N+f.da,h" b;sydih iy wdydr isß;a fjkia jk

ksid" Ök iQmfõoh m%foaYfhka m%foaYhg fjkia'

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y;rla ;sfnkjd' ta w;ßka" yqjhshdx YdLdj ta

ta R;=j,g wkqj wdydr f;dard .kakd w;r

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uiaj,g iqj| fk¿ï fld< rih ñY% ùu i|ydhs'

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Whk jhska .%Eï 15la"

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Whk jhska" ¨Kq" iqÿ iSks yd fidaahd fidia

ñY% lrkak' wk;=rej ta ñY%Kh l=l=<df.a

msg; yd we;=,; fyd|ska ;jrkak' oeka w¨;a

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fld<h yl=,d l=l=<df.a Worh we;=,a lrkak'

Bg miafia ta l=l=<d f,dl= n÷klg odkak'

oeka ta f,dl= n÷k ,sfma ;nd jeä .skaofrka

msfik ;=re jdIafmka ;ïnkak' Bg miafia

msiQ l=l=<d t,shg f.k iq<x jefok ;ekl

meh 4la muK t,a,d ;nkak' bka miq lEug

.kakd úg l=l=,a uia w;ska lE,sj,g lv,d

§ishl ;nkak'

39

ienE Ök lEu fõ,l rih ú|.kak

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kEoE ñ;=rka iu.ska Tfí ms%h idohg lÈu ;ekls

40

iqNdir mdGl

idudðl;ajhiqNdir mdGl

idudðl;ajhiqNdir mdGl

idudðl;ajh

ku ( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

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Ök cd;Hka;r .=jka úÿ,sh iy YS% ,xld r;= l=rei iudch tAldnoaOj ff;%hs udislj

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mqrjd" 2'5 x 3'5 cm m%udKfha PdhdrEmhla iu. wmf.a ,smskh fj; fhduq lrkak'

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Ökh iy cd;Hka;r m%cdj tlg tla

lrñka Ök cd;Hka;r .=jka úÿ,sh wdrïN

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jk úg th f,dj mqrd jeäu NdId .Kkdjla

úldYkh lrk úYd,;u .=jka úÿ,s cd,hla

njg th m;aj ;sfí' thska f,dj mqrd

úldYkh flfrk NdId .Kk fï jk úg

65ls' f,dalfha ixksfõok úêl%u jvd;a

mq¿,a ùu;a iu`. wka;¾cd, rEm udOH yd

cx.u ÿrl:k iy fmdâldiaáka jeks kQ;k

nyqúO udOH Tiafia ish úldYk cd,h

Yla;su;a lsÍug Ök cd;Hka;r .=jka úÿ,sh

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rgj,a 32l m%jD;a;s jd¾;dlrK tackais

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fldka*shqishia uOHia:dk ixLHdj 13ls' Ök

cd;Hka;r .=jka úÿ,sfha wikakkaf.a iudc

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SINHALA SERVICECHINA RADIO INTERNATIONAL

No.16A, Shijingshan Road,

Beijing, P.R. China

Post code:100040

Tel: 00 86 10 6889 2330/2374

Fax: 00 86 10 68892361

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