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Vector ControlModule 1B

Leishmaniasis

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Leischmaniasis

Phlebotomine sandfly

500 species, 30 carry Leischmaniasis

Small (2-3 mm long)

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Cutaneous Skin lesions (oriental sore)

Deformities of mouth/nostrils (espundia)

1–1.5 million cases/year

Visceral

(Kala Azar)

Infection in the lymphatics, fever, substantial weight loss, swelling of the spleen and liver and anemia and death if untreated, 500,000 cases/year

Recidivans Relapsing, tuberculoid form of cutaneous leishmaniasis Lesions usually on the face Chronic can last for decades

Leishmaniasis symptoms by type

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Live in inter-tropical and temperate regions

Female’s feed on blood to mature eggs

Larvae need organic matter, heat and humidity to develop

Eggs laid in burrows of specific rodents, bark of old trees, cracks in walls animal shelters and rubbish

Female sandfly covers a radius of several hundred meters

Female sandfly covers a radius of several hundred meters Only suck blood

at night

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• Begins as papules or nodules

• Progresses to ulcers at the site of a vector bite

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis:

• Appears 2-3 weeks after infective bite

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Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar)

• Incubation period is 2-6 months

• Presents with fever, massively enlarged spleen and pancytopenia

• Progresses to weakness, emaciation and death

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Vulnerability•Young age (infants and children) and malnutrition predispose to development of disease•HIV sufferers also at increased risk•Overall death rate = 11%

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VCWASH Cluster – Emergency Training

Control

• Long lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs)to protect from sandfly bites

• Indoor residual treatment

• Outdoor space spraying