vema the greek australian circulating the oldest greek...

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JUNE 2003 Tel. (02) 9559 7022 Fax: (02) 9559 7033

THE GREEK AUSTRALIAN

VEMAThe oldestcirculating

Greeknewspaper

outsideGreece

The languageof Uluru

PAGE 9/25

Crete:The island where

Zeus grew up

D. Papaioannou:�Thoughts on culture

and Europe�

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PAGE 12/28

In this issue...

FEATURE

TRAVEL

INTERVIEW

HELLENIC BUSINESS

Greek-Australian businessin the national news

PAGE 6/22

FEATUREBuffy the Vampire Slayer:

Postmodern Theologian Extraordinaire or Pop-Cultural Parenthesis?

PAGE 4/20

HISTORICDECISION

At one of its most importantmeetings since the opening ofthe College in 1986, the Facultyof St Andrew�s Greek OrthodoxTheological College has, withthe encouragement and blessingof its Dean, His EminenceArchbishop Stylianos, passed aseries of resolutions which willsee a major expansion of theCollege�s educational outreachto the general public.

The College�s plans includethe creation of a course in thebasics of Orthodox theologywhich will be open to all men

and women across Australia,both university graduates andnon graduates.

The course will comprisefour subjects, each to be taughtby means of one five/six dayvacation school.

All classes will be conductedin English. For university grad-uates only, the option will existof extending their studiesbeyond the four basic subjectsto obtain either a GraduateDiploma or a Master of Artsdegree.

Details page 11/27

WINDOWS TO ORTHODOXY

What Orthodox Christians believe

PAGE 8/24

TOWARDS 2004

Greek battle to kicksmoking habit

before OlympicsPAGE 18/34

St Andrew�s Greek Orthodox Theological Collegedevelops studies for the general public

JUNE 2003The Greek Australian VEMATO BHMA2/18

JUNE 19

1885 - Statue of Liberty arrives

The Statue of Liberty, a gift of friendshipfrom the people of France to the people of theUnited States, arrives in New York City's har-bor. Originally known as "LibertyEnlightening the World," the statue was pro-posed by French historian EdouardLaboulaye to commemorate the Franco-American alliance during the AmericanRevolution. Designed by French sculptorFrederic Auguste Bartholdi, the 151-footstatue was the form of a woman with anuplifted arm holding a torch.

JUNE 25

1942 - Eisenhower takes command

Following his arrival in London, MajorGeneral Dwight D. Eisenhower takes com-mand of U.S. forces in Europe. Although Eisenhower had never seen combat during his 27 years as an army officer, his knowledge of military strategy and talent for organization were such that Army Chief of Staff General George C. Marshall chose him overnearly 400 senior officers to lead U.S. forcesin the war against Germany.

JULY 13

1985 - Live aid concert

On July 13, 1985, at Wembley Stadium inLondon, Prince Charles and Princess Dianaofficially open Live Aid, a worldwide rockconcert organized to raise money for therelief of famine-stricken Africans. Continuedat JFK Stadium in Philadelphia and at otherarenas around the world, the 16-hour "super-concert" was globally linked by satellite tomore than a billion viewers in 110 nations. In

a triumph of technology and good will, the event raised more than $125 millionin famine relief for Africa.

On June 19, 1885 the Statue ofLiberty, a gift of friendship fromthe people of France to the peopleof the United States, arrived in NewYork City's harbor.

Views DID YOU KNOW? The Sargasso Sea is in the middle of theAtlantic Ocean, covering some 3 millionsquare kilometres (2 million square miles).

Your say...Why do so many arrive after the Church Service

has started and not at the beginning?Dear Sir, I read The Vema with great

enjoyment and look forward to each month�sedition. Thank you.

I was reading your article on OrthodoxTraditions and Church etiquette and I wishto ask the following question of you.Could you please explain the reason why somany of Greek Orthodox Christians arriveafter the Church Service has started and notat the beginning?

I am a convert to the faith, my father isGreek, and my mother Australian. I wasbrought up in the Catholic Faith, comingback to my Greek roots and converting toOrthodoxy 7 years ago.

I am constantly amazed at the casual waymost Orthodox attend Church Services, andseem to come whenever they please.

The Services that I have attended everySunday in the last 8 years start at 8 am, yetthe Church has only a core group of about 15people who are there before the service com-mences. The Church takes three hours to fillup some Sundays.

Yet the Catholic Church is full when theservice starts, and anyone coming late is soembarrassed that they stand at the rear of theChurch. I realise the service is not as long asours, but only 1/3 of the Orthodox congre-gation is even in attendance at the start of theLiturgy which takes about the same time asthe Catholic Mass.

Is this just a �Greek tradition� or is theresome reason why people seem to comewhen they please, because people obviouslydo not think it is rude or disrespectful or dis-turbing to other parishioners who are deep inprayer.

Some people even walk in while ourPriest is giving his sermon, and wander uponto the Solea as if they are oblivious towhat is going on and light their candle. Or isit just complacency, and a lack of passion forChrist and their Faith?

There would be some people who aresick, and also the very old who are not ableto get there on time, and those with veryyoung children, but this would not make up2/3 of the congregation.

How can we expect the younger genera-tion to come to Church when this generationdoesn�t even come when it starts? What sortof example is this ?

How could you be late for the celebrationof Christ�s life?

It is so sad to see this most beautiful reli-gion, this precious jewel �Orthodoxy� takenfor granted and treated so poorly. Even whenHis All Holiness Patriarch Bartholomeuswas here on a visit, the �Patriarchal LiturgyServices� were exactly the same.

Patrikia LewisAdelaide, S. Australia

ED- You raise some very important points. On the one hand, Orthodox Christians feel�at home� in the house of God as children ofGod. Their attendance at a Church Serviceis never encouraged to be �regimental� andunnaturally �formal�. For example, the faith-ful sometimes stand or sit independently ofone another, depending on their degree ofinvolvement in the Service, or even theirphysical capability.On the other hand, however, this should notbe taken as an excuse for laxity or just plainlaziness. Some people believe it is alright toarrive just before Holy Communion.However, as you correctly point out, it ismuch more respectful towards God, andmore beneficial for ourselves, if we attendfrom the beginning. If a friend of ours hadinvited us to a 3 course dinner, wouldn�t it berude to arrive at his or her home wheneveryone else had just started on thedessert?Lastly, there may be some confusion aboutthe timing of the Service on Sunday morn-ings. In Orthodox practice, we actually havetwo Services back-to-back: one calledOrthros (or Matins) at approximately 8amand one that follows called the DivineLiturgy. This is the main worhip Service forthe congregation, normally commencing at9.30am. You will find that many peoplearrive around the beginning of the Liturgy.

Get environment-friendly

BY KATHY TZILIVAKIS

Calling all nature-lovers. TheWorld Wildlife Fund for Nature(WWF) in Greece is organising vol-untary work camps for grown-upsthis summer.

The Greek branch of WWF draws hun-dreds of people aged 18-35 from around thecountry each year to participate in theseunique holiday alternatives. Organisers sayit is an excellent way for people to visitnature reserves and to do their share to pro-tect wildlife. It is also a good way to meetnew people, rediscover nature and have fun.

Beginning in July, people can choose tovolunteer at seven different sites. Eachcamping expedition lasts two weeks. Andeven though volunteers work hard, they dohave free time to go on excursions and tourthe local cultural attractions. Top physicalcondition is not necessarily required, thoughendurance and stamina are essential.

Volunteer work camps

Zakynthos (July 15-29): Volunteers,assigned to protect the natural environmentof the loggerhead sea turtles Caretta-Carettaon the Sekania beach, will be required toclean and patrol the shore and to monitor theturtles� habitat. This Ionian island is a majornesting spot for Caretta-Caretta.

Epirus (July 15-29): The task facing vol-unteers working in this northwestern corner

of Greece will be to restore an old stonefootpath in the picturesque mountainousarea of Zagori.

Axios River Delta (July 22-August 5):Volunteers will help to replant a stretch ofland close to the river, near Thessaloniki,that was scorched in wildfires. They willalso assist in caring for injured birds. TheAxios Delta is home to the endangeredSilver Pelican (Pelecanus Crispus). The areais very fertile and offers protection to innu-merable plant and animal species.

Kerkini Lake (July 28-August 8):Located some 47km from the Greek-Bulgarian border, it is a large, artificial fresh-water lake (a former swamp) and is a mainpass for migratory birds and a breeding areafor a large and diverse bird population.Volunteers here will help to build specialwooden landings around the lake for nestingbirds.

Delta Evros (July 29-August 12):Volunteers here, in the northeastern prefec-ture of Thrace, will participate in a large-scale cleanup operation.

Dadia Evros (July 15-29 & July 31-August 14): The Dadia Forest spreadsacross the southeastern foothills of theRodopi mountain range in the northeasternprefecture of Evros, in Thrace. Volunteerswill help to maintain footpaths leading intothe Dadia wood and the nearby Soufli andLefkimi forests. Pine and oak trees predom-inate in the forests, which have streams,creeks, thick-forested areas and rocky out-crops. The forests are home to a large vari-

ety of reptile species and endangered birds.The Dadia reserve has been declared aSpecial Protection Area by the EuropeanUnion. A total of 23 species of birds of prey,out of the 38 found throughout Europe, nestat Dadia. The last black vulture is one ofthem.

Lefkimi Evros (July 15-29 and July 31-August 14): Volunteers will mark an oldfootpath in the forest, which is home tomany rare and endangered bird species.

Interested in volunteering? For more infor-mation about how to participate ring WWFon 210-331-4893 or e-mail [email protected] Each camping excursion costs100 euros per person. This includes accom-modation, meals and organised tours in thearea.

ATHENS NEWS , 30/05/2003

We want to hear your views. Write to:Your comments, The Greek AustralianVema, PO Box M59, Marrickville SouthNSW 2204, or fax: (02) 9559 7033, or e-mail: [email protected] may be edited for space or legalreasons. Letters must be signed andinclude a daytime telephone number forverification. Requests to withhold namescan be honoured. Any views expressed inthis column are those of the author andnot the Vema.

Your say...

Become part of the solution: Join the World Wildlife Fund for Nature this summer and lend a helping hand

JUNE 2003 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 3/19

Dimitri [email protected]

Lately, along with the usual goings onin our household we�ve managed tosqueeze in several concerts. The firstwas a performance of works by Bach.The female guest director was a delightto watch. During one piece I found hermanner of conducting, a performance allof its own, too distracting and so I closedmy eyes. Most of the family either did-n�t notice, or didn�t worry, but mydaughter leaned over, gave me a prodand whispered, �Mum, are you alright?�

Opening one eye, I answered, �I�mjust trying to concentrate.�

�Ooops, sorry�, came the sheepishreply.

Last night we attended another con-cert. I once again sat with eyes closed.This time my daughter noticed butdecided to leave me alone. She realisedafter the last concert that my relaxedposture indicated neither illness, nor lackof concentration.

I was born in a country, Australia,where it was unthinkable, well impossi-ble really, for people to sit when wor-shipping in a Greek Orthodox church(unless one was male and frail and thenit tended to be more of a lean or a perchthan sitting). As a consequence I grewup oblivious to the existence of any

Greek Orthodox rules regarding howone should sit. You just didn�t.

I was absolutely floored about a yearago when I heard a priest proclaim dur-ing a sermon that it was a sin to sit withlegs or arms crossed in church. One rea-son, he explained, was that it was a dis-traction to the priest. Up until that pointin the sermon I had listened carefully. Atthat I decided to switch off, silentlyberating myself for having given any-thing he had said any credence at all. Ithought his comments idiosyncratic, andleft it at that.

Months later a friend related how hehad been corrected in another GreekOrthodox service for sitting with his legsand arms crossed, by a different priest.Like me, he was amazed at the fuss itcaused. Two priests with similar atti-tudes though suggested the existence ofsome underlying rule. It was with a cer-tain amount of relief then when I read inlast month�s Vema that the apparenttaboo on crossing arms and legs inchurch does have a cultural basis.

Customs that have no relevance to thewider culture into which they have beenintroduced highlight dilemmas. Forexample, offense in this instance arisesout of the act of sitting in church witharms or legs crossed. If a person, priestor layman, berates another for this, theyare considered justified.

On the other hand, in Australian cul-ture, this posture has no inherent mean-ing, and is open to a variety of interpre-tations, never only one. What is offen-sive is for someone to conclude that sit-ting in this fashion suggests a particularattitude, and then to denounce them forit.

Talking Point

by Ann Coward

EditorialDID YOU KNOW? The tallest waterfalls inthe world are Angel Falls in Venezuela.At 979 m (3,212 ft), they are 19 timestaller than the Niagara Falls, or 3 timestaller than the Empire State Building.

A Saint for our timesHe was born in the Cycladic island of Naxos in 1749.

His teacher at the local school was the brother of StKosmas Aitolos. He lived on earth for only 60 years, butin that time produced a host of publications that wouldbenefit the entire Orthodox world, and beyond. For thisreason, his sacred icon depicts him, in his monasticclothing, writing about Christ �who should be the sweetstudy of your heart� in a scroll before him, while seatedin what looks like a modern study filled with books. Werefer to St Nicodemos the Athonite.

Why could he be considered a Saint for our times? Thesimple answer is that he creatively drew upon his ownspiritual tradition in a way that benefited the particularneeds of his contemporaries. Among the greatest needsat that time for the Orthodox peoples still under Ottomanoccupation was of course education in matters of faith.St Nicodemos, while based on the Holy Mountain ofAthos, served others in a way that was complimentary toSt Kosmas, his old teacher�s brother. Whereas the latterleft the Holy Mountain of Athos after some twenty yearsof preparation to travel widely so as to teach everydaypeople and establish schools (his famous advice was tobuild schools before churches, as the school would openup a church in the future), the former remained in oneplace, but saw to it that beneficial publications couldtravel more widely and effectively than he ever could.

His most significant works include: the famousPhilokalia, co-edited with St Makarios of Corinth, a fivevolume selection of some of the greatest spiritual writings of the Orthodox Church. Of similarimportance was his systemisation, for the first time, of the Holy Canons of the Church, in apublication known as the Rudder or Pedalion. He wrote extensively on the lives of Saints, andspecifically on the New Martyrs. He published 1200 pages of commentary on the Psalms, aswell as another 1350 pages on the 14 Epistles of St Paul. Furthermore, the Saint of Mt Athos

took works from the West, edited and embellished themwith explanations and additions of his own, which weknow today as the Spiritual Exercises and UnseenWarfare. Without mentioning every other work byname, it is also worth noting that he composed hymno-graphical and liturgical works, together with a treatise onthe importance of receiving Holy Communion regularly.His writings often betrayed a deep knowledge of classi-cal Greek works, accurately quoted not from referencetools that we possess today, but from his vivid and strongmemory.

This particular Saint was criticized by some Orthodoxas being an imitator of non-Orthodox currents ofthought. However, on balance, it becomes obvious thathis contribution to subsequent generations is outstandingin terms re-presenting the heritage that belonged to all,and yet which so few had access to up until then.Canonized only in 1955, he is a Saint who many are stillonly just starting to discover. His very name will not bereadily known to many of our readers, or else will seemout of place among news items. Yet as more of his writ-ings are published and translated, we in Australia maywell consider him to be more worthy of mention in anewspaper such as Vema than many ephemeral newsreleases that come and go, and leave us no better for hav-ing done so. Our society is often unsure about how toincorporate the past into a living reality. About how toimbue our lives with meaning. About how to view thepassage of time as a friend rather than as an enemy.

We would do well to notice St Nicodemos� commemoration this coming month (July 14),and give a moment to ponder the life he lived for others.

Divertimento

Phronema is the theological journal published annually by the Faculty of St

Andrew's Greek Orthodox Theological College in Sydney, Australia. The

journal presents articles and book reviews from Orthodox and non-Orthodox

academics on a wide variety of topics related to theological studies. It also

includes information on the research and professional activities of teaching staff

and general College news.

Volume 17 is the current issue and contains the following articles:

Archbishop Stylianos (Harkianakis), Theology and Aesthetics

Mr Vassilis Adrahtas, The Notion of Symbol as a Logical/Aesthetic Category

According to the Theology of St John Damascus

Dr Tim Buckley, The Tragedy of Vision: Ennead III.8

Dr Matthew Del Nevo, Theology, Technology and Aesthetics

Dr Ken Parry, Maximus the Confessor and the Theology of Asceticism

Annual subscription Back issues $28.00 (GST incl.) $10.00 (GST incl.)

All correspondence and enquiries regarding subscription to Phronema should be

forwarded to:

Registrar, St Andrew's Greek Orthodox Theological College

242 Cleveland Street, Redfern, NSW, 2016

Tel. (02) 9319 6145 or 9698 5066

Fax. (02) 9319 4281

Email: [email protected] 115909

VOLUME 17

NOW OUT!

Volume 17

Back Issues

JUNE 2003Greek Australian VEMATO BHMA4/20

OpinionDID YOU KNOW? Queen Isabella of Castile, who dis-patched Christopher Columbus to findthe Americas, boasted that she had onlytwo baths in her life - at her birth andbefore she got married.

Buffy the Vampire Slayer:Postmodern Theologian Extraordinaire or Pop-Cultural Parenthesis?By Andrew Mellas

What does Buffy the Vampire Slayer,the �chosen one�, the one who doesbattle against the forces of evil, have todo with Eastern Orthodoxy? Perhapsit is the acme of skylarking tomfooleryto even attempt such a comparitivereading but in this age of terminalcynicism and endless boredom, ittakes a heroine of natural blondness,packing a preternatural sense of epi-grammatical humour and a uniquetaste in fashion to guide us away fromthe path leading to perdition.

It is the instinctive response of many�mature� people to be dismissive of the con-cept of a girl who is chosen to slay vampiresand keep watch over the hellmouth aspuerile, and yet it is common practice to tellchildren fairy tales, stories of fantasy thatwe never tire of hearing even when we have�grown up�. According to G. K. Chesterton�Fairy tales are more than true. Not becausethey tell us that dragons exist, but becausethey tell us that dragons can be defeated�.And Pablo Picasso argues: �art is a lie thatmakes us realize the truth�. Buffy the Vam-pire Slayer is one of the most popular tele-vision programs of the last decade andalthough it may owe a great deal of its suc-cess to star Sarah Michelle Gellar or theemotional resonance it generates, the ele-ment of the show that ultimately secures itsimportance is its subtext.

Subtext? What subtext? Try postmodernmorality play or Kantian ethics or Platoniceudaimonism. Or, more to the point of thisarticle, let us take a glance at Religion in theBuffyverse.

Joss Whedon, the creator of Buffy, maybe a self-proclaimed atheist but ever sinceRoland Barthes announced the death of theauthor, who among us can resist the tempta-tion to read a text and to do so without fearof Shakespeare or Dickens or Eliot shakinghis authorial staff at us in contempt?

Perhaps the most characteristic aspect ofthe Buffyverse is its ability to draw on thepower of myth to provide us with anoblique representation of reality. Buffy theVampire Slayer, the champion of all that isgood is in love with a vampire: Angel.Angel is a vampire that has been cursed bygypsies and is thereby in possession of asoul. Mayor Wilkins, despite planning anapocalypse of doom is obsessed withhygiene and Middle American virtues.Glory, the ruler of a hell-dimension who hasbeen locked-out is an über-consumer whogoes on shopping sprees. Why does this allsound strangely familiar? Why have somany viewers been able to identify withsuch zany plots? The answer - not unlikefairy tales - is because we like hearing talestold to us and, more importantly, we likehaving tales told to us that open windowsinto our own reality we had, hitherto, neverthought of looking through.

But I am digressing. Religion! That�swhere we were... What role does religionplay in Buffy? Are there aspects of Easterntheology discernible amidst the paradoxical

mayhem of the show? Let us take thatglance. In the episode �Triangle� whenBuffy visits a convent looking to escapefrom her bad run of men, she asks a nun:�Do you have to be, like, super-religious?�

And then there�s Buffy�s ability to laughin the face of impending doom: �If theapocalypse comes, beep me� or her utterconfusion in the face of Evangelism:

Evangelical at University: �Have you accepted Christ as your personal saviour?�Buffy: �Uh, you know... I meant to and... then I just got reallybusy...�

It does not take the most astute studentof theology to realize that Buffy does notfreely espouse the precepts of Christianityand yet its entire bedrock is riddled withEastern Orthodoxy. Why is this is notapparent? Because it�s a subtext and, like allgreat subtexts, it is only perceptible in alatent form. Myth is employed to disguiseit.

Evil, for example, is not presented asembodied in some great and powerful beingthat stands as the adversary of God. WhenBuffy confronts the First Evil she literallyscoffs at its non-existent face:

First Evil: �I am the First... Beyond sin, beyond death...�Buffy [sarcastically]: �Alright, I get it, you�re �evil�, enoughalready!�

This rings true with the Orthodox con-ception of the Devil. Satan has never beenthe lofty figure of Mephistopheles that the

West has propagated. The Devil is notmajestic - he is a dissembling parasite char-acterized by mediocrity. As St Macrina hasso eloquently stated: �Evil only has its exis-tence in its non-existence�.

In the Buffyverse, the First Evil cannottake material form; it only appears to thecharacters in the guise of someone alreadydead and does so with the intention of con-versing with them. And it is in this insidiousway that evil operates in Buffy: �Frombeneath you it devours� (Spike to Buffy inthe first episode of Season seven). Are wenot told in the gospel that when the Devillies �he speaks from his very nature� (John8:44)? The �very nature� of the evil one,from where he draws his deception, is thennothingness since a lie points to that whichis false. Thus Gregory of Nyssa coulddefine evil as having a phantom-like sub-stance.

�Prince of this world� though he wasproperly called by Christ himself, Satanremains a creature of God. Did this mean, aManichean would ask, that the being of theDevil was good? John of Damascus wouldreply in the affirmative. Buffy would agree,acknowledging that even the demons weregood inasmuch as they were created byGod, but the loss of their appointed purposehad made them evil. An event occurring asa result of the exercise of one�s free will. Achoice not easily unmade; yet nonetheless apossible one as evidenced by Spike�s culti-vation of a soul.

At the end of the fifth Season of Buffy,

our heroine chooses to sacrifice her own lifeto save her sister Dawn. Before this cata-clysmic event, she has visited an oracleappearing in the form of the first slayer aftera quest that - in Christ-like fashion - isundertaken in the desert.

Buffy is told by the oracle that, contraryto her fears that the calling of slayerhood isdestroying her ability to love, she is full oflove and that love will lead her to her gift:death.

The Buffyverse equates humanity withcompassion, love and love�s ultimate sacri-fice: death. In concordance with Orthodoxy,the destiny of man or woman is not viewedin terms of justification from sin and guilt -salvation is not bounded by legalistic para-meters - but rather an outpouring of lovethat compels God to leave the summit ofHis silence, moved by divine love(Nicholas Cabasilas uses the term manikoneros) and suffer in the flesh in order torestore the ancient dignity and divine beau-ty to the human person.

In the sixth season when Buffy is resur-rected from the dead through Willow�smagical efforts, she confides in Spike thatshe was not taken out of some hell dimen-sion of suffering as her friends believed butin fact torn out of paradise by people whocouldn�t bear her absence:

�Time didn�t mean anything... but I wasstill me... and I was warm and I was loved...and I was finished... complete. I don�tunderstand about theology or dimensions orany of it really, but I think I was in heaven.They can never know...�.

Could anyone ever better enunciate theOrthodox doctrine of the afterlife? TheChurch never sought exact doctrinal state-ments on the �beyond�: �You have died,and your life is hid with Christ in God.�(Colossians 3: 3)

Perhaps the ultimate image of Buffy theVampire Slayer that exemplifies the essenceof Christianity - and yet does not fanatical-ly espouse it - is at the end of the sixth Sea-son when Xander confronts Willow justbefore yet another apocalypse.

Willow�s lover Tara has been murderedand the rage that ensues in her heart causesher to adopt a magic that comes from thedarkest chasms of her being, a magic that iscompletely wayward in its focus. Willowbecomes unimaginably powerful andthreatens to bring about the end of theworld. And contrary to the natural pre-dictability of some programs, the episodedoes not end with Buffy doing battle in anepic melee with her long-time friend.

It is Xander, the simple carpenter, withhis unbending faith in Willow who has thecourage to face her and confess his love forher. A love that was born in kindergartenwhen Willow broke the yellow crayon andcried uncontrollably; a love that grew inhigh school when they became best friends;a love that did not waver when Willowbecame all black-eyed and world-destroy-ing out of grief and malice; a love that willalways differentiate the sinner from the sin:�A new commandment I give unto you, thatyou love one another� - not as you loveyourselves, but �as I have loved you�(Christ to his apostles, John 13: 34).

JUNE 2003 Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 5/21

Our Primate�s ViewBecause we run the risk of�losing our minds, like oneloses his scarf in a crowd�(Pirandello), due to all that isbeing imperilled on the globalscene, this column will offersome humble thoughts in sev-eral more articles which mightbe of some usefulness, at leastto those who are compassion-ate and sensitive readers.

(B)

The dangerous �comfort zone�

of utopiaThose who are unable to see

the value and sacredness of reality,resorting to the sphere of unsub-stantiated fantasy - preciselybecause of their twisted conscience- undoubtedly comprise the moreheavily �ailing� section of humansociety in any period. Fortunately,we know from experience that thissection is much smaller than theoverwhelming majority of relative-ly �healthy� citizens who possess�common sense�.

We must admit, however,that a substantial proportion of soci-ety lives and thinks either flippant-ly or with an oblivious indiffer-ence. It is precisely this section ofthe undifferentiated masses thatAristotle had named, as we know,�the common herd� (÷ýäçíü÷ëïò).

Flippancy, however, andindifference, although lighter formsof ailment, in no way translate intoabsence from the �social fabric�.The flippant and indifferent inhuman society might rightly be con-sidered negligible in every creativeendeavour. However, they must cer-tainly be considered, at least as seri-ously as the productive citizens, onthe issue of consumerism. It isobvious that they also are afforded asignificant proportion of publicwealth for their existence and main-tenance, perhaps sometimes evenmore than the productive citizens.That is exactly why they were oncecharacterized as �the weight of theearth� (Ü÷èïò áñïýñçò). This isquite often the consequence whenpeople, instead of aspiring tobecome �community-minded�,linger like a �grazing herd�, remain-ing at the level of the �consumer�.

We know that productivepeople are usually conscientious.One of the more basic traits of con-scientiousness is to measure inadvance each action, not only

according to one�s own needs anddesires, but also in accordance withthe self-evident like needs of thecommunity as a whole. This is thereason why the truly conscientiouscitizen attempts to limit, as much aspossible, his or her own demandson the public purse. In someinstances conscientious people evenwillingly forego certain comfortsand luxuries out of concern that oth-ers less fortunate might be deprivedof essential benefits. However, suchconscientiousness and dignity -which directly emanate fromrespect for the certainties of reality- are neither appreciated nor evenimagined by others. We refer hereto the selfish �quixotic idealists� offantasy. For them, escapism from

reality by any means and methodspossible is not simply a romanticnostalgia. They regard this rather asa basic essential of life. Not in thesense of securing their livelihood,but above all, in attaining extrava-gance.

And, of course, in the strict-ly cultural sphere, especially in theArts, it is often quite appropriatelysaid that �one perceives art and cul-ture from the moment he or shefeels the need for extravagance! Inother words, from the moment thathaving attained one�s basic livingrequirements, one also seeks to sat-isfy his or her purely aestheticyearnings�.

In the socio-politicalsphere, however, the concept of�extravagance� has exclusivelymoral implications, which is why itis evaluated very differently. In atrue Democracy, what we wouldconsider a Just Nation, all citizensenjoy isonomy, i.e. equal rightsbefore the law. Nevertheless, the�quixotic idealists� are not contentwith everyone sharing this �suffi-ciency� (which does not tolerateanyone falling behind or beingdeprived). They are not contentwith �sufficiency�. They thirst andstruggle for �extravagance�. Andwhilst �sufficiency� secures �bal-ance� and harmony, on the otherhand �extravagance�, preciselybecause it is �excessive� and doesnot �connect� harmoniously withthe whole, creates �imbalances�, inthe sense of seeking to be �excep-tional� and �prominent�.

It is to be expected that sucha temptation for �status� and �dom-inance� which is pursued throughall means by the nouveau riche andvainglorious, indeed most provoca-tively today, undermines before-hand every sense of substantial sol-idarity and �social cohesion� inevery facet of public life, even inthe �ecclesiastical� sphere! Conse-quently, instead of all people in asociety receiving support and con-solation through the �comfort� gen-erated by active collaboration fromfellow citizens in every circum-stance of the daily struggle, there isan insular and tacit attempt by thoseseeking prominence and distinc-tion to employ their own �comforts�in creating a completely sterile

�comfort zone of utopia� which is,of course, primarily �self decep-tion�.

The varying forms whichthis �self deception� produces inboth private and public life aremany. They have no boundaries orrestrictions, just as �utopia� has nolimits since it does not presuppose aparticular �place�, or rather it deniesin advance the reality of �place�.For this reason, whatever �formula-tions� utilize �utopia� as their�basis� and �objective� are doomedto ending up �dis-placed�; in otherwords, �unrealistic�, �absurd�,�outrageous�.

In view of the above, itbecomes patently clear that �utopia�not only fails to secure true �com-fort� for the people, but it can alsoexpose them unwittingly to a rangeof �improprieties�, sometimes evencrimes!

We could more or less placethem in three categories:

a) Improprieties against ourselves(self deception)

b) Improprieties against society(hypocrisy-quixotism)

c) Improprieties against God (obscenity and impiety)

This third category of �spiritualderangement� is, undoubtedly, the�root� and deeper cause for theother categories. Therefore, weshall examine it more thoroughly inthe next article, with specific exam-ples under the title �The Impiety ofUtopia�.

By ArchbishopStylianos

of Australia

FANTASYAND REALITY

JUNE 2003 The Greek Australian VEMATO BHMA6/22

What�s newDID YOU KNOW? James Bond debuted in IanFleming's novel "Casino Royale" in 1952. The firstBond movie, Dr No, starring Sean Connery, wasreleased in 1963. Since then, half the world's pop-ulation have seen at least one Bond movie.

By Con Berbatis

GREEK-AUSTRALIAN BUSINESS IN

THE NATIONAL NEWSMany Greek-Australians and a Greekappeared in the national business media inMay 2003, as compiled by Con Berbatis ourHellenic Business corespondent.

BRW�s richest Greek-Australians

Australia�s Business Review Weekly publishesthe �BRW rich 200� each May. The nineGreek-Australian families in 2003 with over$100 million exceeds the eight Italian-Aus-tralians but neither ethnic minority matchesthe wealth of five families from the Jewish-Australian community, each with over $1bil-lion.

The BRW�s richest Greek-Australians are : theNT�s Paspaleys (pearls-$345 million), SA�sCon and Ross Makris (property-$285m),Victoria�s Spiros Stamoulis (beverages, prop-erty-$211 m), NSW�s Theo Karedis (liquorstores - $194m), Nick Politis (vehicles, prop-erty-$170m), Nick Balagiannis (hotels,investment - $138m) and Nick Mitris (gam-ing machines, prawns - $119m), Michael GMKailis family from WA (fishing and pearls-$150m) and Mark Bouris (finance-$88 m).(Business Review Weekly 22 May 2003:pages 66-162).

Shocks aplenty in crying shame of a powergame (three reports in May 2003) WA�s gas access regulator Dr Ken Michael(May 2003 �Hellenic Business� report) winsHellenic Business� pre-June 2003 award forAustralia�s most publicised but unquoted per-son. Dr Michael first set a draft price in 2001of 75c a gigajoule for gas to Perth through theDampier to Bunbury natural gas pipelinecompared to the contract price of $1. WApipeline group Epic Energy Ltd purchasedthe pipeline in 1998 from the State govern-ment for $2.4 billion on the basis of an agreedprice subject to a regulator . �... Given that the$600 million equity had been wiped out (ofEpic Energy Ltd), such a price would havemeant that banks would have lost about athird of their loans...� Epic went to the courtswho requested a revised price. His new pricereleased 23 May set tariffs at a weighted aver-age of $0.95 a gigajoule in 2000 - equivalentto $1.01 a gigajoule in 2003. �...this... makesit hard to justify a new power plant...� andopens opportunities for Channel Seven�sKerry Stokes and Wesfarmers� MichaelChaney who can supply gas relatively cheap-ly from their coal deposits south of Perth... tojustify constructing the next stage of the gaspipeline, and increase capacity� (The Aus-tralian May 1: p. 21; May 27: p. 6; May 30 :page 17).After all the media gibes we now look for-ward to Dr Michael having the opportunity toexplain perhaps his considered gas priceswere in the public�s best interest and maybeEpic may have overpaid or Epic�s backers

overestimated their payback, or Epic may nothave provided timely, accurate and completeinformation since his 2001 draft price....

Telcos chase rich state pickings�... Optus director of business services PeterKaliaropoulos... said on contracts for $600million a year telecommunications services tothe NSW, Victorian and Queensland govern-ments... �If we win, we could spend an extra$500 million on new networks over about 18months.� (The Australian May 29 : p. 25)

Coles� shout in Theo�s deal �...Coles Myer will compensate the Sydney-based Karedis family for any fall in the valueof the $125 million of Coles shares issued tothe family as part payment... of (up to)... $280million for Theo�s liquor businesses in NSW(49 liquor stores and four pubs) and Queens-land (17 liquor outlets and four hotels)... TheKaredis family (will become) Coles 10thbiggest shareholder ahead of AMP andNAB�s MLC...� The acquisition was settledMay 26 ( The Australian May 12: p. 27,28;May 27 : p. 19 ).

Aldi anchors $30m project� A consortium of two development groupshas snared the giant Aldi discount supermar-ket group to anchor a commercial and resi-dential project in the northern Canberra sub-urb of Gungahlin ... Development consortiumSection 10 Pty Ltd which includesKoundouris Projects and the Russell/Gre-gory Group won the rights to the 16,000 sqm site in a tender held about a year ago. Pro-ject spokesman James Koundouris saidapproval was expected within eight months.... Some 60 apartments are planned on theabove two levels. Mr Koundouris said thesewould be pitched at the lower end of the mar-ket... Koundouris Projects has undertaken a mix ofresidential and commercial projects but hadconcentrated on residential recently (TheAustralian Financial Review 23 May : p. 76).

In the money : the new multi-millionaires�...The most impressive new entrant wasfather and son property developers Con andRoss Makris, based in Adelaide and estimat-ed to be worth $285 million. Con Makris, 55,worked in a foundry after migrating to Aus-tralia from Greece in 1963. He turned hishand to fastfood and now owns 13 shoppingcentres across the nation. A jovial Mr Makris,who owns the Adelaide Galaxy soccer team,yesterday told The Australian he was worthmore than $285 million ...� ( The AustralianMay 22 : p. 3)

Last supper before the fateful call �Nobody but the Governor-General couldhave guessed he was attending his last supper...That evening (10th May), Arthur Sinodinos-in Canberra- John Howard�s trusted chief of

staff, telephoned to summon Dr Holling-worth (in Melbourne) to Sydney for a meet-ing with the Prime Minister...� Before MrHoward crossed the verdant lawns (on Sun-day 11th May) from Kirribilli House, theGovernor-General had decided he wouldoffer to stand aside (The Australian May 12 :p. 1, 4).

AACo beef over foreign tariffsPeter Holmes a Court has raised foreign own-ership concerns over the pending sale of theStanbroke Pastoral Co (the nation�s biggestlandholder with 27 properties covering morethan 11.76 million hectares in the NorthernTerritory)... as Greek shipping magnate Gre-gory Hajdieleftheriadis (he and Australian-born wife Pamela live in Athens) confirmedhis Alice Springs Pastoral Co would bid...and wanted to introduce an organic beef busi-

ness there... He predicted all big cattle com-panies like Stanbroke, AACo and Consoli-dated Pastoral, would have an organic divi-sion....�

HHeelllleenniiccBBuussiinneessss

LEFT: Mr Nick Politis CENTRE: Mr Con Makris. RIGHT: Dr Ken Michael. BELOW: Mr Nick Balagiannis

Congratulations

Mr Steven and Mrs Maria Gabriel and familycongratulate Christina Gabriel

graduating from universitywith a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) degree

with Honours Class IIand wish her every success for the future 115919


Facts & StatsDID YOU KNOW? The world's oldest surviving boat is asimple 3 metre (10 feet) long dugoutdated to 7400 BC. It was discovered inPesse Holland in the Netherlands.

Education was the key to lifting low-income families out of the poverty trapand should dominate the federal gov-ernment�s welfare reform agenda, aleading charity said recently.

The Smith Family told a Senate Inquiryinto Poverty poorer families could spare just$11.10 a week for their children�s education,compared to $51.30 for high income earners.It also revealed single low-income families

spent half the week�s budget on housing andfood with $3 going towards computers andinternet connections, representing one sixth ofwhat wealthier families spent.

The Smith Family�s research and socialpolicy manager Dr Rob Simons said his sub-mission to the inquiry emphasised the impor-tance of education to improve the prospects ofthe disadvantaged.

�We now have volumes of evidence to con-firm the benefit of education not just to indi-

viduals but the entire nation in terms ofreduced crime, less spending on welfare,improved health and increased productivity,�Dr Simon told the Sydney hearing.

�The inability of some children to receivea good education simply because of their fam-ily�s difficult financial circumstances riskscondemning them to a life of hardship charac-terised by low-paid, unskilled work or job-lessness.�

Dr Simon made four recommendations tothe inquiry including that the commonwealthfocus on life-long learning, parental develop-ment and developing family and communityrelationships.Learning systems also shouldrecognise individual learning requirementswith those falling into the �at risk� categoryreceiving special assistance to stop them frombecoming excluded from society.

AAP

Charity urges government to focus on education

(02)

Corporate lunches costing Telstra up to$10,000 each could be cut back in a bid to getvalue for money, the telecommunicationsgiant announced.

Telstra told a Senate estimates hearing cor-porate entertainment primarily involved pro-viding entertainment when meeting with cor-porate customers.

It includes Christmas lunches around Aus-tralia which can cost up to $10,000 each, witha combined national cost of up to $100,000 ayear.

One Canberra lunch at a hip restaurant cost$6,000, Telstra managing director of regula-tory, corporate and human relations, BillScales, confirmed.

Mr Scales said while the spending seemedquite large, it was relatively small for such alarge company.

�It seems quite large. In proportion to a$22 billion company, it�s relatively small inpercentage terms,� he said.

�But it�s an issue that we are always look-ing at and we are trying to make sure we getvalue for money,� he said.

Telstra spent $14.5 million in 1994/95,$16.6 million in 1995/96 and $13.7 million in1996/97 on corporate entertainment, Tas-manian Labor Senator Sue Mackay said, cit-ing details from the company.

It peaked in 1998/99 at $17.1 million and$15.8 million in 1999/00, $14.5 million in2000/01 and $10.7 million in 2001/02.Telstra today could not yet reveal how muchit would spend on corporate entertainment in2002/03.

But Mr Scales said he expected it wouldbe less than it was last year.

On the issue of sponsorship, Mr Scalessaid the telco spent about $20-30 million.

But he said he preferred not to disclosehow much Telstra spent on sponsoring Tel-stra Dome and Telstra Stadium because ofcompetitive issues.

�When we�re trying to negotiate the verybest deal, if we start disclosing what some ofthese things are worth it undermines our abil-ity to negotiate effectively,� he said.

AAP

Big lunches could be sliced back by Telstra

Saab Systems Australia wins $83 m defence contract Saab Systems Australia has won an $83 million contract to provide short-range laser-guidedmissile systems to the Australian Army. Defence Minister Robert Hill said the contract would effectively double Australia�s ground-based air defence capability, which operates out of the South Australian-based Woodside 16thAir Defence Regiment.He said the RBS70 defence system made by Adelaide-based Saab Systems was the most mod-ern short-range air defence system in the world. The army had used a version of the systemfor 15 years. AAP

Three arrested in killings of eight birds at New Jersey zoo

Three teenagers with a �morbid sense of enter-tainment� were charged with killing eightbirds at a zoo for abused animals, authoritiessaid.Matthew Ronneberg, Thomas Cavanaugh andMatthew Mercuro, all 18, were arrested for thebludgeoning deaths of three emus, three ducksand two rheas at the Popcorn Park Zoo.Authorities said the trio, who were out joyrid-ing, jumped a fence at the zoo and attacked theanimals with a rake and a length of plasticplumbing pipe.The birds were found dead in their pens onMonday morning. One duck�s eye was gougedout while the emus had their windpipescrushed, jugular veins slashed and were beatenon their heads.A series of tips led police to the three, LaceyTownship police said.The slayings capped a night that authoritiessaid began with an attack on a duck or gooseat a county park. It allegedly continued with anarson-and-graffiti spree at a paintball facilityand included vandalism at a church, where$US5,000 ($A7,627) worth of stained glasswindows were shattered. The animal at thepark survived.The teenagers were each charged with eightcounts of cruelty to animals and one counteach of burglary, criminal trespass and crimi-nal mischief for the zoo attack. In neighbour-ing Manchester Township, site of the paintballfacility and church, they face burglary andother charges.

Police Captain William Nally said there wasno motive beyond the suspects� �morbid senseof entertainment�.�They were out riding around, looking forthings to do,� Nally said.Each count of cruelty and criminal mischief ispunishable by up to 18 months in prison, andthe three could face five years for burglary.They were being held on $US50,000($A76,277) bail, and did not yet have attor-neys.

AP

Education is the key to lifting low-income families out of the poverty trap


Used by permission. Copyright - Conciliar Press

-PART A-

GOD THE FATHER is the fountainhead of the Holy Trinity.The Scriptures reveal that the one God is Three Persons-Father, Son and Holy Spirit- eternally sharing the one divinenature. From the Father the Son is begotten before all ages andall time (Psalm 2:7; 2 Corinthians 11:31). It is also from theFather that the Holy Spirit eternally proceeds (John 15:26).Through Jesus Christ, and in the Holy Spirit, we come to knowthe Father (Matthew 11:27). God the Father created all thingsthrough the Son, in the Holy Spirit (Genesis 1; 2; John 1:3; Job33:4), and we are called to worship Him (John 4:23). TheFather loves us and sent His Son to give us everlasting life(John 3:16).

JESUS CHRIST is the Second Person of the Trinity, eternal-ly born of the Father. He became a man, and thus He is at oncefully God and fully man. His coming to earth was foretold inthe Old Testament by the Prophets. Because Jesus Christ is atthe heart of Christianity, the Orthodox Church has given moreattention to knowing Him than to anything or anyone else. Inreciting the Nicene Creed, Orthodox Christians regularly affirmthe historic faith concerning Jesus as they say, �I believe...inone Lord Jesus Christ, begotten of the Father before all ages,Light of Light, true God of true God, begotten, not made, ofone essence with the Father, by whom all things were made,who for us men and for our salvation came down from heaven,and was incarnate of the Holy Spirit and the Virgin Mary, andwas made man; and was crucified also for us under PontiusPilate, and suffered and was buried; and the third day He roseagain from the dead, according to the Scriptures; and ascendedinto heaven, and sits at the right hand of the Father; and Heshall come again with glory to judge the living and the dead,whose Kingdom shall have no end.�

THE HOLY SPIRIT is one of the Persons of the Trinity andis one in essence with the Father. Orthodox Christians repeat-edly confess, �And I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord andGiver of life, who proceeds from the Father, who together withthe Father and the Son is worshipped and glorified. . .� He is called the �Promise of the Father� (Acts 1:4), given byChrist as a gift to the Church, to empower the Church for ser-vice to God (Acts 1:8), to place God�s love in our hearts(Romans 5:5), and to impart spiritual gifts (1 Corinthians 12:7-13) and virtues (Galatians 5:22, 23) for Christian life and wit-ness. Orthodox Christians believe the biblical promise that theHoly Spirit is given in chrismation (anointing) at baptism (Acts2:38). We are to grow in our experience of the Holy Spirit forthe rest of our lives.

INCARNATION refers to Jesus Christ coming �in the flesh.�The eternal Son of God the Father assumed to Himself a com-plete human nature from the Virgin Mary. He was (and is) onedivine Person, fully possessing from God the Father the entire-ty of the divine nature, and in His coming in the flesh fully pos-sessing a human nature from Mary. By His Incarnation, the Sonforever possesses two natures in His one Person. The Son ofGod, limitless in His divine nature, voluntarily and willinglyaccepted limitation in His humanity, in which He experiencedhunger, thirst, fatigue�and ultimately, death. The Incarnationis indispensable to Christianity�there is no Christianity with-out it. The Scriptures record, �Every spirit that does not confessthat Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is not of God� (1 John4:3). By His Incarnation, the Son of God redeemed humannature, a redemption made accessible to all who are joined toHim in His glorified humanity.

SIN literally means �to miss the mark.� As Saint Paul writes,�All have sinned and fall short of the glory of God� (Romans3:23). We sin when we pervert what God has given us as good,falling short of His purposes for us. Our sins separate us fromGod (Isaiah 59:1,2), leaving us spiritually dead (Ephesians2:1). To save us, the Son of God assumed our humanity, andbeing without sin, �He condemned sin in the flesh� (Romans8:3). In His mercy, God forgives our sins when we confessthem and turn from them, giving us strength to overcome sin inour lives. �If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to for-give us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness�(1 John 1:9).

SALVATION is the divine gift through which men and womenare delivered from sin and death, united to Christ, and broughtinto His eternal Kingdom. Those who heard Peter�s sermon onthe Day of Pentecost asked what they must do to be saved. Heanswered, �Repent, and let every one of you be baptized in thename of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins; and you shallreceive the gift of the Holy Spirit� (Acts 2:38). Salvation beginswith these three �steps�: 1) repent, 2) be baptized, and 3)receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. To repent means to changeour mind about how we have been, turning from our sin andcommitting ourselves to Christ. To be baptized means to beborn again by being joined into union with Christ. And toreceive the gift of the Holy Spirit means to receive the Spiritwho empowers us to enter a new life in Christ, be nurtured inthe Church, and be conformed to God�s image.

BAPTISM is the way in which a person is actually united toChrist. The experience of salvation is initiated in the waters ofbaptism. The Apostle Paul teaches in Romans 6:1-6 that in bap-tism we experience Christ�s death and Resurrection. In it oursins are truly forgiven and we are energized by our union withChrist to live a holy life. Nowadays, some consider baptism to be only an �outward

sign� of belief in Christ. This innovation has no historical orbiblical precedent. Others reduce it to a mere perfunctory obe-dience to Christ�s command (cf. Matthew 28:19, 20). Still oth-ers, ignoring the Bible completely, reject baptism as a vital fac-tor in salvation. Orthodoxy maintains that these contemporaryinnovations rob sincere people of the important assurance thatbaptism provides- namely that they have been united to Christand are part of His Church.

NEW BIRTH is receiving new life and is the way we gainentrance into God�s Kingdom and His Church. Jesus said,�Unless one is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter thekingdom of God� (John 3:5). From the beginning, the Churchhas taught that the �water� is the baptismal water and the �Spir-it� is the Holy Spirit. The New Birth occurs in baptism, wherewe die with Christ, are buried with Him, and are raised withHim in the newness of His Resurrection, being joined intounion with Him in His glorified humanity (Romans 6:3,4). Thehistorically late idea that being �born again� is a religious expe-rience disassociated from baptism has no biblical basis what-soever.

JUSTIFICATION is a word used in the Scriptures to meanthat in Christ we are forgiven and actually made righteous inour living. Justification is not a once-for-all, instantaneous pro-nouncement guaranteeing eternal salvation, no matter howwickedly a person may live from that point on. Neither is itmerely a legal declaration that an unrighteous person is right-eous. Rather, justification is a living, dynamic, day-to-day real-ity for the one who follows Christ. The Christian actively pur-sues a righteous life in the grace and power of God granted toall who are believing Him.

THE BIBLE is the divinely inspired Word of God (2 Timothy3:16), and is a crucial part of God�s self-revelation to the humanrace. The Old Testament tells the history of that revelation fromCreation through the Age of the Prophets. The New Testamentrecords the birth and life of Jesus as well as the writings of HisApostles. It also includes some of the history of the earlyChurch and especially sets forth the Church�s apostolic doc-trine. Though these writings were read in the churches from thetime they first appeared, the earliest listing of all the New Tes-tament books exactly as we know them today is found in theThirty-third Canon of a local council held at Carthage in A.D.318 and in a fragment of Saint Athanasius of Alexandria�s Fes-tal Letter for the year 367. Both sources list all of the books ofthe New Testament without exception. A local council, proba-bly held at Rome under Saint Damasus in 382, set forth a com-plete list of the canonical books of both the Old and New Tes-taments. The Scriptures are at the very heart of Orthodox wor-ship and devotion.

To be continued in next month�s issue

Windows to Orthodoxy

Questions & Answers

Who is the Orthodox Christian?

The Orthodox Christian belongs to the Body ofChrist, the Church of Christ. This Eastern OrthodoxChurch is organically the same congregation (orecclesia) which was born at the outpouring of the

Holy Spirit in Jerusalem on Pentecost, a direct continuationfrom the Apostles by laying on of hands from each generationof priests to the next. The Orthodox Christian recognizes therich Christian heritage and proclaims that he belongs to thisChurch, which corresponds to the Church of the Apostles asdoes a grown-up person correspond to a picture taken of himas a child.

The Orthodox Christian has been baptized in the name ofthe Holy Trinity and follows the ideals and beliefs of both theScriptures and Sacred Tradition. He believes in a living andloving God, Whose Grace protects and guides him in the pathof redemption. He believes that God has revealed Himself in

the Bible through the Prophets and especially in the Person ofJesus Christ, His only-begotten Son who is man�s Savior. Heespecially believes in the Incarnation of Christ as God-Man, inHis Crucifixion and Resurrection, in His Gospel and Com-mandments, and in the world to come.

Are Orthodox Christians Saved?

Orthodox Christians speak of salvation as a three-fold process of faith: 1) We are saved by the power of the Lord�s Passionand Resurrection when we received the Christian

Mystery (we were �born again�) at Baptism, 2) We are being saved by the working of the Holy Spiritthrough prayer, the Holy Gifts (the Eucharist) and all the Mys-teries of Divine healing, and 3) By the mercy of God we shall be saved for Eternal Life atthe Partial Judgment at the moment of our death.

The Holy Spirit, through the Orthodox Church, teaches thatattaining everlasting life (being �saved�) is a lifelong processand that during our earthly life there is no guarantee that we aresaved.

(Excerpted from �The Faith We Hold� by Archbishop Paul of Finland, of Memory Eternal)

***

If you have any questions about the Orthodox faith whichyou would like answered in the VEMA, send them to

VEMA - Q. & A.P.O.Box M59 Marrickville South,

NSW 2204or email them to:

[email protected]

QA

QA

What Orthodox Christians believe

JUNE 2003 The Greek Australian 9/25

Feature

The great monolith Uluru in the Northern Terri-tory of Australia is the world�s biggest monolith,measuring 9.4km around it, about 345m high,3.4km long and 2km wide. In the aboriginal lan-guage Uluru means a meeting place; Canberra isanother word with the same meaning, but in adifferent language of the Aborigines.

The rock Uluru is renowned for the way it changes colourin the light, becoming particularly spectacular at sunrise andsunset. It was named Ayers Rock by explorer Earnest Giles in1872, but in 1995 it was given the name Uluru, to acknowl-edge the ownership of the aboriginal people and their con-nection with the area.

The Aborigines are Australia�s indigenous inhabitantssince 40,000 years ago. Owing to the vast areas and tropicalclimate of the Country, the aboriginal people evolved in manytribes in different parts, with many languages and dialects.There are more than 150 aboriginal languages and an equalnumber of dialects among them, making their unification as apeople an impossible task.

It is known that Australia was discovered by white peopleonly late in the 17th century A.D. The British declared itsEastern part as a British Colony with the First Fleet in the year1775 A.D. Soon after their arrival in Australia, the Europeanmigrants came into conflict with the aboriginal people, with afew exceptions of friendly relations with them. By and large,the Europeans committed one of the ugliest crimes of human-ity by killing most of the native people of Australia. Particu-larly in the island of Tasmania, all of its 300,000 aborigineswere exterminated by early European migrants.

Until late in the 1960�s, the aboriginal people weredeprived of any civil or land rights. However, the Referen-dum of the year 1967 granted them the right to vote in elec-tions.

Thereafter the issue of Land Rights was repeatedly pro-jected, which resulted in a number of sacred places returnedto ownership of the Aboriginal people. Of great importancewas the imposing ceremony in the year 1995, in which theGovernor-General of Australia returned the sacred place ofAyers Rock to the Aboriginal ownership, remaining in theUluru - Kata Tjuta National Park, in the Northern Territory ofAustralia, thus acknowledging their ownership and relation-ship with that area.

The early Christian Churches conducted missionary workamong the aboriginals in various parts of Australia. TheEuropean missionaries communicated with the Aboriginesonly orally, as there was no written record of their languages.However, missionaries and independent translators haveimprovised a way of transcribing aboriginal sounds andwords in Latin characters, This made possible the recordingof many parts of the New Testament writings from the abo-riginal sounds into English transliteration.

The writer of this article, after meeting with aboriginal peo-ple and after considerable research on the subject, discoveredthe text of St John�s Gospel inthe aboriginal languagePITJANTJATJARA, current-ly taught in Flinders Univer-sity of South Australia.

It is this text of the aborig-ines that is read since the year2000 in the Services of Ves-

pers of Love Easter Sunday in our Cathedral at Redfern,NSW, along with readings in other languages.

Incorporating the resurrection gospel reading of an abo-riginal language within the prayer and worship of the GreekOrthodox Church, could perhaps constitute the best way ofreconciling the European migrants with Aborigines for theircrime of genocide in the Country. For it is in prayer and wor-ship that true unity in Christ is attained in a spirit of truerepentance.

Protopresbyter Miltiades Chryssavgis

TO BHMA

UUUULLLLUUUURRRRUUUU oooorrrr AAAAYYYYEEEERRRRSSSS RRRROOOOCCCCKKKK


By Denise Galathris and Olga Hatzopoulos

In this issue we continue our series onthe principals of Greek OrthodoxColleges around Australia with MrMiltiades Yangou, the Principal of StEuphemia College in BankstownNSW. Mr Yangou was trained as aPrimary School Teacher in Cyprusand taught in Government PrimarySchools for 12 years.

After graduating from the Academy forReserve Officers, he migrated to Australiaafter the Turkish invasion. His studies in Aus-tralia include: - Graduate Diploma in Educational Studies,Armidale CAE, 1980- BA Sydney University, 1983- IT module RMIT 2001

THE INTERVIEW

Describe the importance of the Greek cul-ture, religion and language in your life.

The Hellenic language, civilisation and reli-gion are inseparable and should permeateeverybody�s daily life. People who forget theirlanguage, their religion and their civilisationare completely assimilated into alien societiesand they cease to exist as a nation.

Describe a working day in your life.

I started teaching in 1963. So after 40 years, Ifind that if I don�t go to school something ismissing. I start the day with the morningassembly and prayers. Usually I visit a class inthe morning and then I attend to my appoint-ments with parents. Most of my time is devot-ed to organising the various school activities inliaison with the Director for the Primaryschool, the Co-ordinators and Teachers. I alsohave meetings with the Student Council inorder to be informed about any initiatives,ideas or concerns by the students. A challeng-ing aspect of my daily routine is the uploading,editing and updating of the Primary Schoolwebsite.

How do you find juggling both a family anda career?

I am of the opinion that good teachers developto better teachers once they establish a familyand they raise their own children.

How supportive is your family of yourcareer?

As my wife, Ioanna, is a teacher herself, sheunderstands the demands and the diversities ofthe Principal�s responsibilities, and she is verysupportive.

Do you have any other passions or hobbies?

My hobbies include Information Technologydevelopments and looking after the School�swebsite. I also follow the ancient Greek say-ing �íïõò õãéÞò åí óþìáôé õãéÞ - healthymind resides in a healthy body�. So I swimand walk every day.

What other career paths were you interest-ed in?

My grandmother used to say that she wantedme to become a teacher or a priest. You seethe Greek Cypriots call their priestsäÜóêáëïò-teacher. So I fulfilled my grand-mother�s wish and I never looked for anothercareer.

Which schools have you been involved in, inthe past?Cyprus: Inia Paphos7th Primary School LimassolAgridia P.S.Paro Amiartos P.S.Kyperounta P.S.Pyrga P.S.Episkopion Nicosia P.S.Australia:Greek Afternoon Schools, KogarahMarrickville P.S.NSW Department of Education, Head OfficeClemton Park P.S.St Euphemia College

How did you become the principal of yourschool? How long have you presided atyour school?

I attended an interview at St Euphemia Parishorganised by the Board of Directors. I was thesuccessful applicant and thus the FoundingPrincipal. St Euphemia College commencedlessons on the 30th January 1989.

Were you the first principal of the school?If so, how would you describe the develop-ment of the school since its establishment?

St Euphemia College has experienced out-standing success and current enrolmentsexceed 850 students and are increasing. From two rooms, the school now has newbuildings fully equipped with the latest equip-ment and educational facilities. The Primary School now has its own comput-er lab in addition to the one computer in eachclassroom.

In what ways do you think that a bilingualOrthodox is school beneficial for the educa-tional development of Greek-Australianchildren?

I had the opportunity to work in Greek after-noon schools, Saturday schools and govern-ment schools. I reached the conclusion that ourHellenic language, the Greek Orthodox reli-gion and civilisation are too precious andinseparable to be left in the hands of amateursor non philhellenes. Our language, civilisation and religion aretaught during school hours and they permeateall aspects of our everyday school life. Theseareas are not only compulsory subjects of theschool curriculum but they are also given theappropriate time allocation. I am very pleasedto announce that as from this year, StEuphemia Primary School is recognised bythe Ministry of Education of Greece as equiv-alent to that of a Greek Primary School inGreece. Regarding the educational advantages of bilin-gualism there is a plethora of scientific evi-dence which supports that the first languagefacilitates the learning of another language. Ithas also been proven by extensive studies thatbilingual people perform better in mathemat-ics because they can approach problem solv-ing from two different angles. To ignore the language and religious back-ground of a child is alienating the child fromits parents, grandparents and its rich Hellenicheritage with serious psychological conse-quences. This may lead to alienation, that is, a rejectionof anything which is related to Greek. Thedevelopment of an inferiority complex isanother symptom of people who were forcedby circumstances to forget their past.By teaching Greek, the school raises the selfesteem of its students and promotes a positiveattitude towards their family and their Helleniccivilisation in which Greek Orthodoxy isincorporated.Finally, there are more job opportunities avail-able for bilingual students in Australia andoverseas.

What changes have you observed duringyour term, in regards to the number ofenrolments, student achievements and theprograms you offer?

The number of enrolments expanded beyondany expectation from 29 in 1989, to over 850students. St Euphemia Primary School nowhas fully developed 3 stream classes. Our stu-dent achievements include repeated successesin Selective School tests, Basic Skills tests,Standardised tests, ACER tests in English,Maths, Computers and Science.

What academic programs do you offer atyour school and how do they live up to yourschool motto? For example do you offerexcursions to Greece? A forum or corre-spondence between your students and stu-dents in Greece perhaps?

The six key learning areas as prescribed by theBoard of Studies are compulsory and anyschool which does not offer them does notreceive registration. These areas are English,Maths, Science, HSIE, CAPA, PDHPE. How-ever, our school offers additional enrichmentcontent for all subjects according to eachgrade�s requirement.The Greek language is taught as a separatesubject by additional Greek teachersemployed by the school and Greek teachersprovided by the Greek Government.Our school for the last two years has estab-lished video conferencing in Greek with the11th Primary School of Paleon Faliro(Athens), sponsored by the Bank of Cyprus.

Do non-Greek students attend your school?If so, how do you find their progress withinyour school environment and their interac-tion with the Greek Australian students?

About 10% of our school population is nonGreek from various nationalities such as Ser-bian, Chinese, Italian, Australian, NewZealand, Lebanese, Egyptian and Spanish.These students attend special lessons in Greekand their backgrounds and civilisations arepromoted and acknowledged by special HSIEunits of study.

Equipped with the knowledge and experi-ence you have, would you do it all again?

Yes. Teaching for me is not a job. It is a mis-sion.

ProfileDID YOU KNOW? Basketball is the mostpopular spectator sport in the Philip-pines, but not the USA, where more peo-ple attend professional football, base-ball and bowling matches.

Showcasing the Principals of Greek Orthodox Colleges

Miltiades Yangou: �Teaching for me is not a job, it is a mission�

The Principal of St Euphemia College, Mr Miltiades Yangou

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ÔÑÉÔÇ - ÐÁÑÁÓÊÅÕÇ: Ãåýìá

ÔÑÉÔÇ - ÓÁÂÂÁÔÏ: Äåßðíï

Ôá ÓÜââáôá êáé ôéò ÊõñéáêÝò áíáëáìâÜíïõìå

êïéíùíéêÝò åêäçëþóåéò - äåîéþóåéò, ãÜìïõò,

âáðôßóåéò, áññáâþíåò ê.ë.ð.

14 ÌacMahon Street, Hurstville NSW 2220

Phone: (02) 9585 1688 Fax: (02) 9585 1730

Ï ÄéåõèõíôÞò ê. Óðýñïò Öñáãêïýëçò êáé ôï

ðñïóùðéêü óáò õðüó÷ïíôáé

ìéá Üøïãç åîõðçñÝôçóç

18002

TODAY IN THE GREEK AUSTRALIAN VEMA

FEATURE

Are our universities

surviving

at the students

expense?PAGE 4/32

FEATURE

St. Spyridon College

boys, champions

for the 2nd year

in Sunsprint 2002PAGE 17/45

ÅÍÈÅÔÏ ÁÖÉÅÑÙÌÁ

O ÄÞìïò

ôïõ ÊÜíôåñìðåñé

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êáé ç Üëëç ðëåõñÜ

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ç åîáðÜôçó

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ôùí ïìïãåí

þíÓÅË. 19-28, 53-62

ÓÅË. 66, 67

Áðü ôç óôÞëç ôïõ �Ôá âáñýôåñá ôïõ íüìïõ� (óåë. 3) ï

Óåâáóìéþôáôïò Áñ÷éåðßóêïðïò Áõóôñáëßáò ê.ê. Óôõëéáíüò,

äéåñùôÜôáé Ýùò ðüôå èá äáðáíþíôáé áíÜëãçôá êáé êõñéïëå-

êôéêÜ «åéò ôïí áÝñá» ôåñÜóôéá ðïóÜ áðü ôï ÕÐÅÎ ÅëëÜäïò

ãéá ôá êåíüäïîá «ðñïãñÜììáôá» ôïõ ëåãüìåíïõ «ÓÁÅ Ùêåá-

íßáò» êáé õðåíèõìßæåé ãéá ìéá áêüìç öïñÜ, üôé ç ÉåñÜ Áñ÷éå-

ðéóêïðÞ Áõóôñáëßáò êáô� åðáíÜëçøç Ý÷åé êáôáããåßëåé åã-

ãñÜöùò êáé õðåõèýíùò, üôé ôï åí ëüãù ó÷Þìá åßíáé ôåëåßùò

øåõäþíõìï ãéáôß ìÞôå ôïõò Ïìïãåíåßò åêðñïóùðåß ìÞôå ôá

óõìöÝñïíôÜ ôùí õðçñåôåß êáè� ïéïíäÞðïôå ôñüðï. Áõôüò åß-

íáé ï ëüãïò ðïõ áðáñ÷Þò ôï åí ëüãù åî Áèçíþí êáôåõèõíü-

ìåíï ó÷Þìá Ý÷åé ÷áñáêôçñéóèåß áðü ôïí õðïãñÜöïíôá ùò

«ìÝãá øåýäïò» êáé «ìåãÜëç áðÜôç».

ÐáíçãõñéêÞ åðéâåâáßùóç ôçò áëÞèåéáò áõôþí ôùí ðéêñþí

êáôáããåëéþí áðïôåëåß êáé ç ðñüóöáôç èñáóýôáôç öéÝóôá

ðïõ ç ÃåíéêÞ Ãñáììáôåßá Áðüäçìïõ Åëëçíéóìïý (ê. Ä. Äüë-

ëçò) ùñãÜíùóå ôçí ôåëåõôáßá åâäïìÜäá ôïõ Óåðôåìâñßïõ

óôçí Ìåëâïýñíç ìå ôïí âáñýãäïõðï ôßôëï «ÏëõìðéáêÞ Ðï-

ëéôéóôéêÞ ÅâäïìÜäá», ðïõ ÷áñáêôçñßæåôáé áðü ôïí

Áñ÷éåðßóêïðï ùò �áíåêäéÞãçôïò á÷ôáñìÜò�.

ÄÉÁÂÁÓÔÅ ÔÏ ÐËÇÑÅÓ ÊÅÉÌÅÍÏ ÓÔÇ ÓÅË. 3

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Äýï êáõôÜ åñùôÞìáôá

åê ôùí õóôÝñùí ãéá ôçí öéÝóôá

Ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôçí ðñüóöáôç èñáóý-

ôáôç öéÝóôá ðïõ ç Ã. Ã. Áðüäçìïõ

Åëëçíéóìïý oñãÜíùóå ôçí ôåëåõ-

ôáßá åâäïìÜäá ôïõ Óåðôåìâñßïõ

óôçí Ìåëâïýñíç, ìå ôïí âáñý-

ãäïõðï ôßôëï «ÏëõìðéáêÞ Ðïëéôé-

óôéêÞ ÅâäïìÜäá», ôï ÂÇÌÁ õðï-

âÜëëåé ôá áêüëïõèá äýï êáõôÜ å-

ñùôÞìáôá:

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ó÷õñßæåôáé ôï ÓÁÅ üôé äåí ðåñéëáì-

âÜíåé Ó÷éóìáôéêïýò, êáé ðáñÜ ôáý-

ôá óõíåñãáæüôáí óå üëá ôá ðñï-

ãñÜììáôá ôçò öéÝóôáò �ÏëõìðéáêÞ

ÐïëéôéóôéêÞ ÅâäïìÜäá� ìå ôïõò åê-

ðñüóùðïò ôùí Ó÷éóìáôéêþí Êïéíï-

ôÞôùí Óýäíåû êáé Áäåëáúäáò, ðñï-

êëçôéêüôáôá ìÜëéóôá;

ÄÅÕÔÅÑÏÍ, ðþò éó÷õñßæåôáé ôï

ÐáíåðéóôÞìéï Áèçíþí êáé ï Èåï-

ëüãïò- õðïôßèåôáé- ê. Ãñçãüñçò

ÓôÜèçò, üôé ç ÷ïñùäßá ôïõ �Ìáú-

óôïñåò� äåí åß÷áí êáììßá ó÷Ýóç ìå

ôï Ó÷ßóìá, óå Óýäíåû êáé Áäåëáúäá,

üôáí áíïéêôÜ óõíåñãÜóôçêå ìáæß

ôïõò, üðùò êáé ìå êÜèå áíôéöñï-

íïýíôá ðñïò ôçí åäþ ÊáíïíéêÞ Åê-

êëçóßá êáé Áñ÷éåðéóêïðÞ, áðëþò

êáé ìüíï ãéá ôá áñãýñéá;TO BHMA

JUNE 2003 The Greek Australian 11/27TO BHMA

At one of its most important meet-ings since the opening of the Collegein 1986, the Faculty of St Andrew�sGreek Orthodox Theological Col-lege has, with the encouragementand blessing of its Dean, His Emi-nence Archbishop Stylianos, passeda series of resolutions which will seea major expansion of the College�seducational outreach to the generalpublic.

The College�s plans include the creationof a course in the basics of Orthodox theolo-gy which will be open to all men and womenacross Australia, both university graduatesand non graduates.

The course will comprise four subjects,each to be taught by means of one five/sixday vacation school. All classes will be con-ducted in English. For university graduatesonly, the option will exist of extending theirstudies beyond the four basic subjects toobtain either a Graduate Diploma or a Masterof Arts degree.

Seminary or Theological College?

Although the first and foremost obligationof St Andrew�s has always been, and willcontinue to be, the training of potential cler-gy, it was not established as a seminary but asa theological college.

The distinction be-tween a seminary,which has as its sole objective the training ofclergy, and a theological college, which haswider objectives as a university level centreof excellence for theological teaching, schol-arship and research, is an important one.

In fact, from its inception St Andrew�s hasbeen a member of the Sydney College ofDivinity (SCD), a Government accreditedindependent degree granting confederationof theological institutions, both Catholic andProtestant. As the only Eastern Orthodox the-ological college of its kind in Australia-indeed, in the Southern Hemisphere- StAndrew�s has been able to bring an Orthodoxpresence to the Australian theological sceneas a whole.

Over the years, many requests have beenmade for the College to establish a certificateor similar course of study in Orthodox theo-logical studies for the laity as a whole, bothmale and female. The need to establish a

Bachelor of Theology (BTh) degree,focussed on the training of potential ordi-nands, and very limited resources has in thepast prevented the College from addressingthe always acknowledged need to provide asuitable course for the general public.

The College is delighted to be able toannounce that it is now in a position to offera Certificate or Testamur course in Theologi-cal Studies designed for men and womenfrom all walks of life.

The College anticipates being able to makethe decision as to whether the course will beavailable from next year, or not until 2005, byaround July or August.

The Proposed Certificate /Testamur

University graduates in any disciplineother than theology will be eligible to studyfor the SCD Graduate Certificate in Theolog-ical Studies, GradCert (TheolStud). Nongraduates will not be eligible for the Gradu-ate Certificate, but will be eligible for theaward of a St Andrew�s Testamur in Theo-logical Studies stating that they have fullyparticipated in a prescribed course of instruc-tion at the College.

To qualify for either award, students willbe required to study four subjects which par-allel units taught in the BTh program. Thefour subjects approved by Faculty, drawnfrom the fields of Theology, Biblical Studies,Liturgical Studies and Church Historyrespectively, are:

Introduction to TheologyIntroduction to Biblical Hermeneutics[Biblical hermeneutics = theory of inter-pretation of the Bible.] The Liturgy and the Church YearThe Orthodox Church in a ContemporaryWorld

Each of these subjects will be taught overfive or six days at the College during a Col-lege vacation period. All four subjects neednot necessarily be taken in the same year.

As well as lectures, discussion group meet-ings, audio-visual presentations etc through-out the day, there will be a program of litur-gical worship and a variety of social andother events. Vacation schools will, the Col-lege is determined, not simply provide

instruction in the fundamentals of Orthodoxyfor mature age men and women but also be aspiritually enriching experience. Graduateswho wish to obtain the SCD Graduate Cer-tificate will, in addition to participating fullyin the four vacation schools, be required tocontinue their study privately and to submitessays and other assignments for formalassessment in accordance with College andSCD requirements.

Theological Studies Beyond the Certificate Level

University graduates who successfullycomplete the four Graduate Certificate sub-jects listed above may terminate their studiesand qualify for the SCD Graduate Certificatein Theological Studies. Alternatively, theymay undertake a further four subjects whichthe College has approved from the Bachelorof Theology (BTh) program.

Successful completion of the latter foursubjects will qualify for the award of theSCD Graduate Diploma in Theological Stud-ies, GradDip (TheolStud).

Again, graduates may exit the program atthis point or they may continue on to qualifyfor the SCD Master of Arts in TheologicalStudies, MA (TheolStud), by taking theremaining three approved subjects and writ-ing a long essay based on a focussed piece ofresearch.

While it anticipates that the Graduate Cer-tificate will greatly appeal to lay men andwomen in general, the College believes thatthe Graduate Diploma and Master of Artswill be particularly attractive to workingteachers who wish to qualify themselves forteaching religious studies or who simplywish to acquire a graduate diploma or higherdegree in the field of Orthodox theologicalstudies.

With a view to meeting the needs of teach-ers, the College has placed emphasis on bib-lical studies and Church history in its selec-tion of College subjects available to studentsin this program. As the College does not haveresources to put on special classes for Gradu-ate Diploma and Masters students, it will benecessary for students to attend daytimeBachelor of Theology classes. Interstate stu-dents will, at least for the foreseeable future,need to be resident in or near Sydney for one

semester for the Diploma or two semesters toqualify for the Master of Arts.

Other Recent Developments at St Andrew�s

Some years ago, the College reduced thelength of the pass BTh degree from four tothree years to bring St Andrew�s into linewith other member institutions of the SCDand Australian university practice in general.At the same time, the College introduced afourth year Honours program, in the field oftheology, for students who had performedwell during the three years required for a passdegree and were considering proceeding to aresearch degree at the MTh(Hons) or doctor-al level.

From 2004, students who have completedthe BTh or BTh (Hons) and are preparing forordination will normally be required to take aone year (full time) course leading to thedegree of Master of Arts (Pastoral Ministry).

In response to requests that the Collegeprovide professional training for personsengaged, or intending to be engaged, in geri-atric care, the College will also be offeringfor the first time in 2004 a separate Master ofArts (Pastoral Ministry) program for menand women of any denomination focussed onthis specialised field of lay or clerical min-istry.

If you are interested in any of these excitingprograms offered by the Theological College,please contact the Registrar for furtherdetails.

The College is particularly keen, at thisjuncture, to hear from anyone interested inthe proposed Graduate Certificate/Testamurprogram so that we can estimate demand andsend you a questionnaire that will assist us inplanning the vacation schools.

We will also keep you informed of devel-opments. The questionnaire can also beobtained from the College Web site.

St Andrew�s Greek Orthodox Theological College

242 Cleveland Street, Redfern NSW 2016Phone: (02) 9319 6145Fax: (02) 9319 4281

Email: [email protected] Web site: www.sagotc.orthodox.nsw.edu.au

An Historical DecisionAn Historical DecisionST ANDREW�S GREEK ORST ANDREW�S GREEK ORTHODOXTHODOX

THEOLOGICAL COLLEGE THEOLOGICAL COLLEGE DEVELOPS STUDIES DEVELOPS STUDIES

FOR THE GENERAL PUBLICFOR THE GENERAL PUBLIC

12/28

Interview

The "Thoughts on culture and Europe"series of www.euro2003.gr publishedrecently an exclusive interview of choreo-grapher-director Dimitris Papaioannou.Papaioannou is the producer of the open-ing and closing ceremonies of the 2004Athens Olympic Games.The Vema brings to it�s readers this veryinteresting interview, as the countdowncontinues for Athens 2004.

THE INTERVIEW

Does art have a subversive dimension? Ifso, in what way?

Art takes aromas and stimuli from every-day life to shed light on its hidden side. Theartist should listen carefully for and highlightaspects of existence which insist on remain-ing concealed. This is not exactly subver-sive. However, it does create new possibili-ties for us to face life. Eventually, we mustconsider what art is. Even if I wanted to, Icould not provide a definition of art, but Iunderstand inside myself the differencebetween a pop song and music by RichardStrauss.

Should art aspire to have an impact insociety?

Such an aspiration has nothing to do withart. Whether a work of art has an impact ornot is something that advertisers strive for.Advertisers perceive and treat art as a massconsumer product.

Artists are interested in communication.What is of concern to them is whether thelanguage they speak is contemporary andtherefore listened to.

Are you concerned by the need to makeyour work for the 2004 Olympic Gamesceremonies widely accepted?

I consider it a responsibility. I am notadopting the role of artist as the personresponsible for the Games ceremonies. Ishall not be expressing myself personallythrough them. I will be using my artisticintuition to plan two splendid ceremonies foreveryone.

The nature of the event dictates the objec-tive. The Olympic Games are returning totheir birthplace. The ceremonies must there-fore be an allegory of Greece.

We have to find a perspective which willhelp us illuminate the history of Greece andof the Olympic Games.

If we manage to create something deeplyrooted in Greece, then this will be able tocommunicate with the entire world.

You have said that the ceremonies will bea team effort.

The opening and closing ceremonies willbe conducted solely with volunteers.

We need 10,000 volunteers and are ask-ing for their help.

They simply need to have enthusiasm anda basically good relationship with their body.

They will join in our effort by devotingsome of their time and a lot of their warmth.In the end, we will all share the joy.

Does that mean professional dancers areexcluded?

On the contrary, we need and want every-one. Actors and athletes alike. All within thecontext of volunteerism.

Participating in the ceremony will be atremendous experience, not only becausethey will be taking part in a great event, butbecause they will also experience what isgoing on behind the scenes and during therehearsals.

The preparations for the ceremonies willbe their most creative part. Each person willbring his or her own energy and unite it withthe energy of the others.

Our goal is to treat the volunteers as alarge group rather than a mass. Greek civili-sation was never characterised by the con-cept of mass. We want to regard the volun-teers as a total of unique personalities.

Did you give up painting because the lackof movement restricted you?

Continuing to occupy myself with an artform that is confined to museum and gal-leries did not appeal to me. I wanted to estab-lish closer communication with the public, totry and create something direct and popular.In the final analysis, I wanted to practise anart form through which I could intervene inthe present.

This is why I have also designed comics,a form of expression which is direct. You canbuy them at a news-stand and they appeal toeveryone. Dance too has the same potentialfor communication. Dance also suited mepersonally; it helped me discover my bodyand lead a more physical life.

Is the way you perceive modern danceradically differentiated from ballet?

Ballet ceased to belong to the presentsince the time of the industrial revolution; itis a language of the past. Nevertheless, I liketo watch ballet; it relaxes me. I watch it witha nostalgic disposition, but I would not beable to express anything based on this lan-guage.

The issues that concern modern dance aredynamic in nature, they are evolving. Forexample, the transformations which thehuman body undergoes due to genetics.Dance has created a language so contempo-rary that it can come face-to-face with thesechanges.

There is a theory according to which arthas endeavoured through the ages to speakabout just four or five things and constantlyfinds new ways to approach them. This mayin fact be what dance does - it finds newways to speak and intervene in affairs.

Does dance help you to balance or tran-scend your body?

With dance, you discover the potentialthat your body is hiding. Of course I do notmean the aesthetics of the body, making itbeautiful. The body is not some attractivegarment that we wear. Dance helps you per-ceive the body�s inner life and lead you to aform of being in which the body is not atsuch a great distance from the mind or spirit.

Do you feel you are participating in effortsto create a European cultural identity?

I am fascinated by the great European tra-dition. I perceive the European identity asfree cooperation among the people in orderto create something greater. Perhaps themost important thing in this entire process isnot to exclude voices. If Europe has some-thing to offer civilisation, it is pluralism.

Is there a danger that a European identi-ty could lead to new demarcation lines, toa new divide between East and West?Does it conceal traps?

I don�t think that Eastern influences areexcluded from European civilisation, quitethe contrary. The West has the great talent totake in outside elements in a superficial wayand use them to bring about its renewal, tocreate something new.

Naturally, there are risks involved with aEuropean identity, it couldn�t be any otherway. Should we seek security and absolutetranquillity, only to eventually become iso-lated? The road to anything creative alwaysentails risk.

www.euro2003.gr

TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA JUNE 2003

DID YOU KNOW? The British anthem was per-formed the most times in a single perfor-mance. In 1909, while waiting for KingEdward VII who was getting dressed a Ger-man band played the anthem 17 times.

Interview with Dimitris Papaioannou

�Thoughts on culture and Europe�

Dimitris Papaioannou

For the bibliophiles...

Documents in Early Christian Thought

Editors: Maurice Wiles & Mark Santer(Cambridge University Press)

The documents are grouped according tosubject. These include writings on God, theTrinity, Christ, the Holy Spirit, Sin andGrace, Tradition and Scripture, the Church,Sacraments, Christian Living, Church andSociety and finally a look at the debatesregarding what they call the Final Goal.Historical explanations are brief. Heavyreading.

Three Byzantine SaintsTranslated from the Greek

by Elizabeth Dawes & Norman H. Baynes(Mowbrays)

Subtitled Contemporary Biographies of StDaniel the Stylite, St Theodore of Sykeonand St John the Almsgiver. Beautifully writ-ten and translated with a light touch, leavingall the humility, joy, and expressive story-telling of a bygone era for readers to enjoy.The copious notes at the end of each sectionare in stark contrast to the easy reading styleof the text.

Edible Flowers from Garden to PalateBy Cathy Wilkinson Barash

(Fulcrum Publishing)

Although most of the plants, vegetables,herbs and fruits listed in these recipes arefamiliar, it is the flowers that are used asingredients. Some like sage and chamomileare commonplace. Others such as squashblossoms have only recently become fash-ionable to eat in Australia. Meant for theAmerican market, it is more an interestingread and inspiration than of value for itsrecipes.

Arab Historians of the Crusades

Selected and Translated from the ArabicSources By Francesco Gabrieli

(University of California)

A view of the Crusades through Arab eyes,as the blurb on the back cover proclaims.The author presents excerpts from seven-teen different authors. There is a great vari-ety in styles of expression; some are matterof fact accounts of battles, others are inpraise of leaders, of their cunning, humility,mercy and piety. Not all were written to flat-ter. Worth reading.

Great Australian WomenVols I and II

By Susanna De Vries (Harper Collins)

Includes two Greek heroines, although nei-ther was a Greek woman. One, (Caroline)Ethel Cooper was appointed Head of theQuaker Relief Mission in Salonika (1923 -1928). She was awarded the Greek Order ofthe Redeemer. Another, Joice NanKivellLoch, with her husband worked with theQuakers amongst refugees after both Wars,many of those years in Greece, and becameAustralia�s most decorated woman.

A.C.

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THE PAP SMEAR

What is Pap Smear?

The Pap Smear, also known as the Pap Test,has been used for over fifty years to detect pre-cancerous cells in the cervix.

The test was invented by a Greek doctor,Dr. George Papanicolaou, who studied thevaginal cytology of the human, and in 1943published his findings and conclusions in thefamous monograph: �Diagnosis of uterine can-cer by vaginal smear�. The diagnostic proce-dure was named the Pap Test.

The doctor performing the test uses a smallbrush called a cytobrush to remove samples ofcells from the cervix, then smears the cellsonto a glass slide which is examined in the lab-oratory by a histopathologist under a micro-scope.

Aim of the Pap Smear

The cervix is the entrance to the womb. ThePap Test is used to detect early warning signsof cancer in the cervix. The cells in the cervixcan undergo change without causing anysymptoms. When these changes are foundearly, they can be treated before the cancerstarts or progresses. A Pap Smear test is there-fore used to detect cancerous change in thecervix early, and allow successful treatment.

Cancer of the cervix is curable if detectedearly.

Timing and frequencyof Pap Smears

Any woman who is sexually active shouldhave a Pap Smear. A Pap Smear should beroutinely performed every 2 years, up to theage of seventy. Women who have stoppedhaving periods or are no longer sexually activeshould continue to have Pap Smears.

The doctor may advise a woman to have aPap Smear more frequently than every 2 yearsbecause a previous Pap Smear has shown anabnormality.

The best time to have a Pap Smear is justafter a woman�s period has finished. It is asimple test. It does not take long and does notcause pain.

A woman may feel discomfort if she istense, so it is important to try and relax duringa Pap Test.

Pap Smear results

The results take about one to two weeks. Itis important to make sure that the patientreceives the results, and the doctor will usual-ly advise how to make contact with respect toobtaining the test results.

Most of the time Pap Smear results are nor-mal. Abnormal test results do not necessarilymean cancer. Abnormal tests can also becaused by an inflammation or infection in thecervix or vagina. The doctor, when discussingthe abnormal smear results, will outline a trea-

tment plan and advise when the next PapSmear should be performed.

New methods

The Thin Prep Test is a new method ofanalysing cervical cells. It is often now per-formed at the same time as a conventionalsmear. There is no additional discomfort withthe Thin Prep Test. The cervical cells are col-lected in the same way as conventional PapSmear, but instead of smearing the cells onto aglass slide, the doctor rinses the cells into a vialof preservative solution.

The Pap Smear remains the standard testand is highly effective for screening, but theThin Prep Test addresses the inherent weak-nesses of the conventional test. This is becausewith the conventional Pap Smear, up to 80%of the sample collected may be discarded withthe collection device. Whereas the Thin PrepTest collects virtually 100% of the cell sample,and produces a thin layer of cells which givesthe histopathologist a clearer slide and thechance of a more accurate diagnosis.

The Thin Prep Test is the first real improve-ment in the Pap Test since it was introduced 50years ago. Thanks to Dr. Papanicolaou, mil-lions of women have received the Pap Test.

The Thin Prep Test is an additional test.Talk to your doctor today about having a ThinPrep Test in addition to your Pap Smear.

* The information given in this article is of a generalnature and readers should seek advice from their ownmedical practitioner before embarking on any treatment.

HEALTH NEWS

WITH DR. THEO PENKLIS

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Now thanks to a special offer by brothers John and Angelo Notaras, the SydneyBookstore of the Archdiocese is able to sell it to the public at HALF PRICE!

Kythera Cultural Archive Website now Online

After almost 3 years of develop-ment, the first stage of the Kythera-family.net website went public thismonth.

The site is revolutionary in that it allowsthe whole community to easily and directlycontribute to the website.

The Kytherian Association of Australia,who are helping with the fund-raising for thesite as well as providing one administrator,expects that many of its members, as well asKytherians from all over the Diaspora and onthe island as well, will be able to share theircommon heritage with others through thesite.

It is the brainchild of Australian-KytherianJames Prineas, who, as well as being an exhi-bition photographer is also a multimedia pro-fessional working in Berlin, Germany.

He has gathered together a team of indus-try specialists to produce a website of thehighest standard, combining professionaldesign, usability, programming and hostingto create a quality of website, usually onlyfound at the sites of big players like Daimler-Chrysler, the European Commission andAlfa-Romeo (all three of which the teamhave worked for in the past).

The creators of the site, as well as theKytherian Association and a number ofsponsors have great expectations for the site.Angelo Notaras, a member of the Kytheriancommunity living in Sydney who has sup-ported various important projects in the pastsuch as Hugh Gilchrist�s book Australiansand Greeks, is heading the sponsorship drive.

He believes �this website will do moreculturally and historically with major bene-fits accessible to all world-wide than anyKytherian Association initiative to date.�

At Mr Notaras� insistence the site will bein English and Greek, allowing those on theisland to use the site as effectively as thoseoutside it. Features such as a message board,a newsletter and other �social� sections willenable families spread all over the world todiscover and contact each other.

A high level security filter system as wellas two attentive site administrators willensure that the submissions are appropriateas well as relevant.

The site will enable the Kytherian com-munity to collect their common heritage in

many forms. Maps, old letters, oral histories,stories, vintage photos and documents arebut a few of the categories on the site.

The family tree section, which will goonline in July, is the most ambitious sectionand the hardest to program.

When completed it will allow families tobuild up their trees online - or import themfrom genealogy programs if they havealready done so - and link them to the trees ofother members of their families.

�This is especially interesting in the caseof an island community like Kythera�, saysJames Prineas, �because if you go back onlya couple of generations half the island isrelated to each other. Which means that if acouple of dozen members of the communitycan put in their family trees, the chances arevery high that most visitors to the site withKytherian ancestry will find their relatives onit�.

But James� most important goal with thewebsite is to interest the young in the islandof their ancestors. �There are lots of goodbooks about Kythera out there,� he says �butI don�t think many young people ofKytherian heritage have read them. Put thesame information online, and I�ll bet my lasteuro that the under 30�s will flock to it.They�ll put their Greek surname in Googleand get 43 search results at www.kythera-family.net - you bet they�ll read them!�

George Poulos, co-ordinator of Informa-tion Technology for the Kytherian Associa-tion of Australia, and also one of the siteadministrators, will help motivate theAustralian community to interview their old-est Kytherian relatives and scan in theirphoto archives.

�I urge all Kytherians from around theworld to collect their family histories, stories,local knowledge, articles, photographs,maps, etc. - scan or type them in to a com-puter, and upload them to the site, so that thewhole Kytherian community - indeed thewhole world - can profit from their publica-tion.�

George Poulos can be contacted at:Ph: 02 93624629, Fax: 02 93275516Email: [email protected]

James Prineas can be contacted at:[email protected]

14/30

Feature

Every year there are always many people present at theprocession of the Epitaphion on Good Friday. Someattend out of habit and never step foot in the Church orits proximity again for a whole year, unless attendingdue to some obligation such as an invitation to a bap-tism or wedding. For them this event is ritualistic andsymbolic; their attendance is usually a result of a com-bination of reasons, partly familial, partly cultural butrarely if ever spiritual. At this year�s procession min-gling among us were a group of Scientologists targetingour young people. Who are these Scientologists whorefer to themselves and their organisation as a church,though it bares no resemblance to a Church at all?

The �church� of Scientology was first incorporated in theUnited States of America in 1953 by a science fiction writerLafayette Ron Hubbard (1911-1986). Since then the organisa-tion has spread world wide, even though its founder is dead.Attempting to describe or define Scientology is very difficult.�Scientology claims a religious status but it often representsitself as a form of psychotherapy, a set of business techniques,an educational system for children or a drug rehabilitation pro-gram.� (Jon Atack - Scientology, Dianetics & Ron HubbardExposed - http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/People/dst/Library/Shelf/atack/whatissc.htm)

A prolific science fictionwriter and author of self helpbooks, Hubbard had a wildimagination. �Hubbard asser-ted that some 70 million yearsago, our planet, then calledTeegeeack, had been one ofthe 76 planets of the GalacticConfederation. The Confeder-ation was badly overpopulat-ed, with hundreds of billionson each planet. Xenu, the pres-ident of the Confederation,ruled that the excess popula-tion should be sent toTeegeeack, put alongside vol-canoes and subjected tonuclear explosions. The spir-its, or Thetans, of the victimswere then implanted with reli-gious and technologicalimages for 36 days. They werethen sent to either Hawaii orLas Palmas to be stuck togeth-er into clusters. Human beings,so Hubbard said, are actually acollection of Thetans, a clusterof �Body Thetans.� Xenu wasrounded up six years after theevent and imprisoned in amountain. According to Hub-bard, anyone rememberingthis material would die.� (JonAttack p.6)

This fairy tale science fiction explanation of the world andthe origin of its inhabitants is truly amazing and laughableexcept that it has become big business throughout the world. Itconfirms that there are many gullible people out there and thatonce people lose perspective and most importantly lose theirfaith, they go searching and are so highly impressionable thatthey even reach the point of surrendering their powers of rea-soning and logic. People it seems are prepared to surrenderwhat is rational and embrace what is truly unbelievable, think-ing that they have found true meaning. Though their spiritsearches for the truth, and this is natural to all souls, theyembrace anything it seems, so long as their need to be wantedand acknowledged is fulfilled.

It is claimed that there are now some 200 Scientology mis-sions or churches spread throughout the world. Hubbard was aprolific writer and was able to establish a highly elaborate setof grandiose beliefs which were used to deceive many people.The organisation is often associated with famous movie starswhose riches, loneliness and the absence of any real spiritualreference make them easy prey to Scientology.

In the first instance practitioners of the church are careful not

to refer to their allegiance to Scientology particularly whendealing with other organisations and the community at large.They may refer to the movement in passing but often carry outtheir activities as if separate from the church, though there isadmission about historical connection. These origins howeverare played down suggesting that the activities of certain frontgroups operate autonomously from Scientology. This approachis important when understanding the activities of the organisa-tion which maintains these series of front groups as having noapparent association with Scientology.

Scientology is highly organised and complex in its make up.Scientology businesses for instance belong to the World Insti-tute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE). Front groups includethe Association for Better Living and Education (ABLE), inBritain - the Effective Education Association teaches children�Study Tech.,� in the US - Applied Scholastics and EducationAlive where the Apple and Delphi schools are accredited. Theorganisation is also active in drug rehabilitation under the reg-istered name Narconon which has a close sounding name to theorganisation Narcotics Anonymous (NA), which is the equiva-lent group to Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) 12 step program foralcohol rehabilitation. Narconon however has no relationshipwhatsoever to Narcotics Anonymous. Those who successfullycomplete the Narconon program are often recruited into Scien-

tology. Scientology preys on the

weak and vulnerable mem-bers of our community, oftentargeting young people.

A particularly dangerouspractice of Scientology is itsuse of hypnosis and hypnotictechniques. (McClelland T:Dec. Hypnosis in Scientol-ogy 1995 - Anderson Reportfor the Victorian Govern-ment). Though Hubbard him-self was critical of hypnosismany Scientology techniquesare in fact based on hypnotictechniques that have simplybeen re-named. The signifi-cance of these tech-niques for Scientol-ogy practitioners isthe element of con-trol, suggestibilityand the dependencyof subjects in therelationship. Theramifications ofsuch techniques forvulnerable peoplewho are experienc-ing mental healthproblems is verysignificant indeed.Scientology sets outthe tenets of a mod-

ern science of mental health which it refers to as Dia-netics. This involves a one-to-one counselling tech-nique called �auditing�. �Scientologists believe audit-ing removes �engrams�, blemishes or scars depositedon the brain during periods of unconsciousness bypainful or unpleasant experiences.� (The Advertiser -Adelaide, Sat. 5 Dec 1987: Novel preachings of thescience-fiction Messiah - Mike McEwen).

One thing that I have noted when it comes to mat-ters of the faith and false teachings is that the devilalways serves up the counterfeit equivalent to truepractice. It can be seen here that the processdescribed whereby engrams are removed is in fact thecounterfeit description of sin and the means by whichit can be unloaded from our human condition. Thetruth in relation to this subject is that the Sacrament ofHoly Baptism cleanses us of our sin, provides for usthe seal and protection of the Holy Spirit through thesecond Sacrament (Chrismation) which charges uswith the responsibility to practice the purity of ournew spiritual garment (of our soul) through a third

essential Sacrament - Holy Confession. All of this has nomeaning whatsoever if it were not for our Lord and SaviourJesus Christ who came into the world to forgive sins and estab-lish His Holy Church for the salvation of all humankind.

In the quest to secure religious status with the obvious taxbenefits that followed, the founder of Scientology whilst open-ly discounting Christianity deviously sought parallel likeness tonon Christian eastern religious traditions. �Scientology�sfounder, L Ron Hubbard, frequently made claims that Scien-tology was related to or shared significant similarities with Hin-duism, Theravada Buddhism and Taoism.

However, careful examination of Hubbard�s claims indicatesthat he had only a superficial acquaintance with eastern reli-gions, and most of his attempts to associate Scientology withthese faiths are unwarranted.

In the end all his folly and grandiose ideas made Hubbardand his family very rich. He built an organisation from fantasyand made much more money doing this than selling his books.

Justice Latey, ruling in the High Court in London in 1984said this about Scientology:

�Scientology is both immoral and socially obnoxious...it iscorrupt, sinister and dangerous. It is corrupt because it is basedupon lies and deceit and has as its real objectives money andpower for Mr. Hubbard, his wife and those close to him at thetop. It is sinister because it indulges in infamous practices bothto its adherents who do not toe the line unquestioningly and tothose who criticise or oppose it. It is dangerous because it is outto capture people, especially children and impressionableyoung people, and indoctrinate and brainwash them so thatthey become the unquestioning captives and tools of the cult,withdrawn from ordinary thought, living and relationships withothers.�

Let us heed St Paul�s instruction in relation to these delu-sions of our day that have the propensity to take those who areweak in faith away from God�s inheritance. Remember that theonly way by which we can practice our faith is through theChurch. We should be careful not to allow ourselves to believethat we can attain our salvation outside Christ�s Holy Church.

(First published in �The Truth�- Perth WA)Deacon Emmanuel Stamatiou

TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA JUNE 2003

This is no Church!

Orthodox faithful are urged to be cautious


The Second Balkan War

Only a few days passed after the end of theFirst Balkan War before the victorious alliedforces of Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria andMontenegro began to quarrel. The main cause ofthe Second Balkan War was the greediness of theBulgarians. The Bulgarians were unsatisfiedwith the peace deal, and believed they deservedmore territory then what they had received.

They asked the other allies to secede some oftheir territory. Most notably they asked fromGreece the capital city of Macedonia�Thessalonica� and from Serbia �Monastir�.

Naturally the stance of Bulgaria brought fearto the other members of the alliance as Bulgariawas very powerful. It had established a very largeand powerful army as a result of foreign assis-tance and clearly had an ability to fight all theother members on its own.

Bulgaria�s stance became more and moreunreasonable and aggressive towards the otherallies as the days went on. The allies decided thatit was time to act and Serbia, Greece andMontenegro met in a secret meeting.

At the secret meeting it was decided that therewas no choice and a war would have to occur tosecure the peace treaty. As such, on 17th June1913 Serbia, Greece and Montenegro launched amassive coordinated surprise attack on Bulgaria.

The Greek army at this time had been strength-ened considerably by volunteers from variouscountries outside Greece.

The Greek army rushed to face the Bulgarianswith great heroism and courage. Though Bulgariafought side by side with the Greeks in the firstBalkan War they clearly were not friends.

The Greek soldiers were jubilant at the thoughtof fighting against the Bulgarians.

The antipathy towards the Bulgarians was con-siderable on the Greek side as a result of thou-sands upon thousands of Greeks having beenslaughtered by the Bulgarians in a futile attemptby the Bulgarians to change the �ethnic Greek�character of Macedonia only ten years earlier.

The Greek army�s first contact with theBulgarian army was in the city of Thessalonicawhere the Bulgarian army had been allowed toenter by the Greek army to rest. In the city ofThessalonica the Bulgarians were forced to sur-

render. On the 19th June a large battle began at Kilkis

between the Bulgarian and Greek forces. TheBulgarians had created a very strong defensearound Kilkis. Trench after trench with barbedwire guarded the Bulgarian positions from theGreek advance.

The Greek soldiers moved across the trenchesin a battle that lasted three whole days.

The soldiers removed the wiring with theirbayonets as they moved forward only to meet oneBulgarian position after another.

The Greek soldiers fought heroically man toman and suffered many casualties. However, thecasualties on the Bulgarian side were so muchmore that it was a literal disaster for theBulgarians.

The Bulgarian front completely collapsed infront of other similar victories and one by one thecities of Geugeli, Nigrita, Doirani etc fell to theadvancing Greek army.

In less then one month the Greeks managed toliberate all of Macedonia and had advanced intoBulgaria. The Greek army now approached thecapital city of Bulgaria which was sure to fall tothe Greek army.

The other allies had similar victories againstthe Bulgarian forces. When all seemed withouthope for the Bulgarians a further disaster struckthem when Romania and the Ottoman Empiredecided that it was time to benefit at Bulgaria�sexpense. Romania and the Ottoman Empire bothdeclared war on Bulgaria and invaded it.

The Bulgarians, fearing that their countrywould cease to exist surrendered, and on the 28thJuly 1913 �The Treaty of Bucharest� was signed,formally ending the war.

Greece received even more territory, receivingthe rest of Epirus (excluding northern Epirus) andeastern Macedonia up to the Rhodope andNestos.

As a result of these wars Greece gained a newstanding in the world community. Greece hadliberated much of the territory it so dearly want-ed. The population and area of Greece doublednearly over night.

A jubilation swept throughout Greece as terri-tories which could not be liberated from Ottomanoccupation for nearly one hundred years nowformed part of Greece.

Mythology The Balkan Wars

DID YOU KNOW? In 1924, four Douglas WorldCruisers and eight American crewmen set outfrom Seattle to attempt the first around-the-world flight. 175 days later three of the aircraftcompleted the flight. Nine years later, anotherAmerican did it in only 7 days!

GGGGrrrreeeeeeeekkkk

The Titans, also known as theelder gods, ruled the earthbefore the Olympians overthewthem. The ruler of the Titanswas Cronus who was de-thronedby his son Zeus. Most of theTitans fought with Cronusagainst Zeus and were punishedby being banished to Tartarus.During their rule the Titans wereassociated with the various plan-ets.The Titans were:

Gaea was the Earth goddess. She matedwith her son Uranus to produce theremaining Titans. Gaea seems to havestarted as a neolithic earth-mother wor-shipped before the Indo-European inva-sion that eventually lead to the Hellinisticcivilization.

Uranus was the sky god and first ruler.He was the son of Gaea, who created himwithout help. He then became the hus-band of Gaea and together they hadmany offspring,including twelveof the Titans. His rule endedwhen when Cro-nus, encouragedby Gaea, castratedhim. He eitherdied from thewound or with-drew from earth.

Cronus was theruling Titan whocame to power bycastrating hisFather Uranus. His wife was Rhea. Thereoffspring were the first of the Olympians.To insure his safety Cronus ate each ofthe children as they were born. Thisworked until Rhea, unhappy at the lossof her children, tricked Cronus into swal-lowing a rock, instead of Zeus. When hegrew up Zeus would revolt againstCronus and the other Titans, defeat them,and banish them to Tartarus in the under-world. Cronus managed to escape to Italy,where he ruled as Saturn. The period ofhis rule was said to be a golden age onearth, honored by the Saturnalia feast.

Rhea was the wife of Cronus. Cronusmade it a practice to swallow their chil-dren. To avoid this, Rhea tricked Cronusinto swallowing a rock, saving her sonZeus.

Oceanus was the unending stream ofwater encircling the world. Togetherwith his wife Tethys produced the riversand the three thousand ocean nymphs.

Tethys was the wife of Oceanus.Together they produced the rivers andthe three thousand ocean nymphs.

Hyperion was the Titan of light, thefather of the sun, the moon, and thedawn.

Mnemosyne was the Titan of memoryand the mother of Muses.

Themis was the Titan of justice andorder. She was the mother of the Fatesand the Seasons.

Iapetus was the father of Prometheus,Epimetheus, and Atlas.

Coeus was the Titan of Intelligence andfather of Leto.

Crius was a Titan, who married Eurbia.Had 3 children: Astraios, Perses, Pallas.Was grandfather of (Astraios marriedEos): Zephyros/Zephyrus (West Wind),Boreas (North Wind), Notos/Notus(South Wind), Eosphoros/Eurus (EastWind), and all the �stars�. Was alsograndfather of (Pallas married Styx):Zelos, Nike, Kratos, Bia.

Phoebe was the Titan of the Moon andmother of Leto.

Thea was the wife of her brotherHyperion, Theia gave birth to Helios

(sun), Eos (dawn),and Selene (moon).She is the goddessfrom whom lightemanates and con-sidered especiallybeautiful.

Prometheus wasthe wisest Titan.His name means�forethought� andhe was able to fore-tell the future. Hewas the son ofIapetus. When

Zeus revolted against Cronus Prome-theus deserted the other Titans andfought on Zeus side.

Epimetheus was a stupid Titan, whosename means �afterthought�. He was theson of Iapetus. In some accounts he isdelegated, along with his brotherPrometheus by Zeus to create mankind.He also accepted the gift of Pandorafrom Zeus, which lead to the introduc-tion of evil into the world.

Atlas was the son of Iapetus. Unlike hisbrothers Prometheus and Epimetheus,Atlas fought with the other Titans sup-porting Cronus against Zeus. Due toCronus�s advanced age, Atlas lead theTitan�s in battle. As a result he was sin-gled out by Zeus for a special punish-ment and made to hold up the world onhis back.

Metis was the Titaness of the forth dayand the planet Mercury. She presidedover all wisdom and knowledge. Shewas seduced by Zeus and became preg-nant with Athena. Zeus became con-cerned over prophecies that her secondchild would replace Zeus. To avoid thisZeus ate her. It is said that she is thesource for Zeus wisdom and that sheadvised Zeus from his belly.

The Titans

Balkan War, 1912.Cholera strikes the

Turkish army.

Themis

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18002

TODAY IN THE GREEK AUSTRALIAN VEMA

FEATURE

Are our universities

surviving

at the students

expense?PAGE 4/32

FEATURE

St. Spyridon College

boys, champions

for the 2nd year

in Sunsprint 2002PAGE 17/45

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êôéêÜ «åéò ôïí áÝñá» ôåñÜóôéá ðïóÜ áðü ôï ÕÐÅÎ ÅëëÜäïò

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ðéóêïðÞ Áõóôñáëßáò êáô� åðáíÜëçøç Ý÷åé êáôáããåßëåé åã-

ãñÜöùò êáé õðåõèýíùò, üôé ôï åí ëüãù ó÷Þìá åßíáé ôåëåßùò

øåõäþíõìï ãéáôß ìÞôå ôïõò Ïìïãåíåßò åêðñïóùðåß ìÞôå ôá

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ìåíï ó÷Þìá Ý÷åé ÷áñáêôçñéóèåß áðü ôïí õðïãñÜöïíôá ùò

«ìÝãá øåýäïò» êáé «ìåãÜëç áðÜôç».

ÐáíçãõñéêÞ åðéâåâáßùóç ôçò áëÞèåéáò áõôþí ôùí ðéêñþí

êáôáããåëéþí áðïôåëåß êáé ç ðñüóöáôç èñáóýôáôç öéÝóôá

ðïõ ç ÃåíéêÞ Ãñáììáôåßá Áðüäçìïõ Åëëçíéóìïý (ê. Ä. Äüë-

ëçò) ùñãÜíùóå ôçí ôåëåõôáßá åâäïìÜäá ôïõ Óåðôåìâñßïõ

óôçí Ìåëâïýñíç ìå ôïí âáñýãäïõðï ôßôëï «ÏëõìðéáêÞ Ðï-

ëéôéóôéêÞ ÅâäïìÜäá», ðïõ ÷áñáêôçñßæåôáé áðü ôïí

Áñ÷éåðßóêïðï ùò �áíåêäéÞãçôïò á÷ôáñìÜò�.

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ÂÁÑÕÓÇÌÁÍÔÏ ÁÑÈÑÏ ÔÏÕ ÁÑ×ÉÅÐÉÓÊÏÐÏÕ ÁÕÓÔÑÁËÉÁÓ

Äýï êáõôÜ åñùôÞìáôá

åê ôùí õóôÝñùí ãéá ôçí öéÝóôá

Ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôçí ðñüóöáôç èñáóý-

ôáôç öéÝóôá ðïõ ç Ã. Ã. Áðüäçìïõ

Åëëçíéóìïý oñãÜíùóå ôçí ôåëåõ-

ôáßá åâäïìÜäá ôïõ Óåðôåìâñßïõ

óôçí Ìåëâïýñíç, ìå ôïí âáñý-

ãäïõðï ôßôëï «ÏëõìðéáêÞ Ðïëéôé-

óôéêÞ ÅâäïìÜäá», ôï ÂÇÌÁ õðï-

âÜëëåé ôá áêüëïõèá äýï êáõôÜ å-

ñùôÞìáôá:

ÐÑÙÔÏÍ, ðþò åßíáé äõíáôüí íá é-

ó÷õñßæåôáé ôï ÓÁÅ üôé äåí ðåñéëáì-

âÜíåé Ó÷éóìáôéêïýò, êáé ðáñÜ ôáý-

ôá óõíåñãáæüôáí óå üëá ôá ðñï-

ãñÜììáôá ôçò öéÝóôáò �ÏëõìðéáêÞ

ÐïëéôéóôéêÞ ÅâäïìÜäá� ìå ôïõò åê-

ðñüóùðïò ôùí Ó÷éóìáôéêþí Êïéíï-

ôÞôùí Óýäíåû êáé Áäåëáúäáò, ðñï-

êëçôéêüôáôá ìÜëéóôá;

ÄÅÕÔÅÑÏÍ, ðþò éó÷õñßæåôáé ôï

ÐáíåðéóôÞìéï Áèçíþí êáé ï Èåï-

ëüãïò- õðïôßèåôáé- ê. Ãñçãüñçò

ÓôÜèçò, üôé ç ÷ïñùäßá ôïõ �Ìáú-

óôïñåò� äåí åß÷áí êáììßá ó÷Ýóç ìå

ôï Ó÷ßóìá, óå Óýäíåû êáé Áäåëáúäá,

üôáí áíïéêôÜ óõíåñãÜóôçêå ìáæß

ôïõò, üðùò êáé ìå êÜèå áíôéöñï-

íïýíôá ðñïò ôçí åäþ ÊáíïíéêÞ Åê-

êëçóßá êáé Áñ÷éåðéóêïðÞ, áðëþò

êáé ìüíï ãéá ôá áñãýñéá;TO BHMA


TravelDID YOU KNOW? The world's earliest known plank-built ship,made from cedar and sycamore wood anddated to 2600 BC, was discovered next to theGreat Pyramid in 1952.

Island where Zeus grew up By Gerry Volgenau

Somewhere deep in this island'smountains is the cave where Zeuswas raised. As you might recall fromGreek mythology, Zeus was thesupreme god, the one with theunnerving ability to throw thunder-bolts.

He was born into what today might becalled a dysfunctional family. His father want-ed him dead.

But his mother, who knew a trick or two,hid her baby boy to be raised in a cave on ashoulder of Crete's highest mountain, MountPsiloritis.

Zeus' dad never did find that cave. But Iwanted to.

The cave is not hidden, but few Cretansvisit because it is at the end of a slalom courseof narrow roads far back in the mountains.

Early one morning I set out from Iraklionin a Nissan rental, after two hotel clerks and Ispent several minutes pouring over the squig-gly lines on an island map.

Crete, Greece's largest island, just may beone of the most perfect holiday spots inEurope because, like mine, virtually all visi-tors' whims can be met on this 210km-longrock.

And it should get even more attractive oncethe 2004 Olympics arrive in Greece. Soccermatches will be played at the 27,000-seatPankritio Stadium in Iraklion, scheduled forcompletion in December.

Crete, with its beautiful beaches, is terrificenough to lure you anytime.

The island enjoys 300 days of sunshineeach year. Its mountains are breezily cool andinhabited mostly by goats and their herders. Italso has stunning historic sites such as thefamed 4,000-year-old Minoan palace of Knos-sos.

For more energetic visitors, Crete boastsone of Europe's finest mountain hikes, downthe Samaria Gorge. Its seaside towns are soromantically charming, you'll be tempted tohang out at the harbor at sunset, sip cool drinksunder a table umbrella and watch the boatsbob.

Splayed out against an ink-dark sea, thebeaches are superb - and plentiful enough toescape from all those German tourists whoinsist on parading around in the buff.

Some of the better resort areas are just westof Iraklion at Agapi Beach and at Rethymnon,which has a coastal road with hotels on oneside and a broad beach on the other.

You know that Athens' Parthenon is old -built in 447 BC.

Now consider this: The Minoan palace atKnossos, just outside the city of Iraklion, wasbuilt in 1900 BC, or 1,450 years earlier.Archaeologists have discovered that fourpalaces were built basically on top of eachother on the Knossos hilltop, the first in about1900 BC.

Not everyone loves the presentation of the1700 BC Knossos Palace, which is 20 per centoriginal and 80 per cent reconstruction. But forthose who are not archaeological purists, avisit can give a good picture of life of theMinoan king-priest, his queen, the vast storagerooms that held his wealth and, surroundingthe center palace, the workers' hovels.

The palace has multitiered buildingsdesigned with openings to capture the breezesin summer and others to let in light. It hadwondrously colourful murals of dolphins,

mythic creatures and people. Men's skin wasportrayed as red, women's white. A famedmural shows acrobats vaulting over the backsof wild bulls.

One of the best ways to get a feel forauthentic Crete is to wander the back roads,stopping in mountain villages. If you go insearch of Zeus' nursery, you'll find the realCrete.

In the mountains, life is lived much as it hasbeen for ages: women tend to wash and cook,moustachioed men herd goats. And once infrom the hills, the men can loll for hours overa demitasse of fierce black coffee sipped downto the slurry at the cup's bottom.

As evening approaches, coffee is replacedby Mythos beer or ouzo, made from pressedgrapes and often including star anise, corian-der, cloves, angelica root, licorice, mint, win-tergreen, fennel, hazelnut, cinnamon and limeblossom.

If you are looking for Cretan souvenirs, stopat the village of Anogia, which is about anhour south and west of Iraklion and is famedfor its high-quality weavings and embroi-deries.

The village's story is amazing. DuringWorld War II, the Germans killed all the menof this village, accusing them of shelteringAllied troops. That left the women with nosource of income, so they turned to weaving.

Iraklion is Crete's capital and its biggest city.Stay no longer than two nights because it is acommercial centre and pretty charmless,although it has a fine shopping and restaurantarea along the pedestrian street of Dedalou.You'll also want to spend an hour or two at theArchaeological Museum. It is Greece's secondbest, after the National Museum in Athens.And so to Mount Psiloritis, onetime home ofZeus.

The site did not look particularly charming.Part of the rock face around the cave entrancehad been scraped or perhaps blasted away. Oneither side of the mouth were piles of jaggedgrey rock slag, like the detritus of gold mines.And there were rusting railway tracks used byarchaeologists to haul rock-filled carts out ofthe cave.

Zeus almost did not make it to this cave. Hisfather was Cronos, the smartest and toughestof the 12 Titans. Cronos married his sisterRhea, and they had lots of kids.

But Cronos didn't want any of them. A seeronce had warned him that one of his own chil-dren would dethrone him. So Cronos came upwith a disgustingly unique way to solve thisproblem. Every time Rhea had a baby, hepicked it up and swallowed it whole.

Zeus was baby No 6. By this time, Rhea hadsoured on Cronos' baby-swallowing routine,so she tricked him by giving him a baby-sizedrock wrapped in a blanket. Apparently unableto tell the difference between a rock and ababy, he swallowed it.

Rhea spirited baby Zeus off to a mountaincave on Crete and there he was raised by threenymphs who gave him milk from a magicgoat. He was protected by Curetes, minorgods. One danger of discovery came when thebaby cried, so to drown out the sobbing, theCuretes banged swords on their shields.Ancient shields found in the cave can be seen

at the Archaeological Museum in Iraklion.When Zeus grew up, the prophecy came true.He first got Cronos to throw up his brothersand sisters - the Olympian gods. And eventu-ally, Zeus killed his dad, sending him and theother 11 Titans to Hades.

The cave entrance was blocked by a chain-link fence. But no matter. The lock on the gatewas broken. So was the gate itself, which hunglike a drunk on a lamppost.

Anyone could walk in. So I did.Inside, the cave pitched downward about 15mat a steep angle. The rails led all the way down.So did a stairway.

Moving into the entrance, the cooing soundI had been hearing stopped. Then there waswhat sounded like a gunshot of fluttering. Itwas three doves, flying from the darkness intothe morning's light.

If you go:To get to Crete, fly to Athens and then take

Olympic Airways or a ferry from the port ofPiraeus.Resort hotels are modern and well-run.

As for food, if you love feta cheese, olives,tomatoes, saganaki and stifado you'll be inheaven. The seafood is terrific.Details: travel agents.

KRT

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ABOVE: Aerial photograph of Iraklion. BELOW LEFT: Lions Square and the MorosiniFountain in Iraklion. BELOW RIGHT: The archaeological site of Knossos

By Imogen Coward

Storing food for the wintermonths has, for thousands ofyears, been vitally importantfor humans. How we�vechanged. No longer do wehave a firm concept of sea-sonable foods. Why shouldwe? By importing producefrom around the world wecan enjoy practically anyfood at any time of year...summer grapes in the mid-dle of June anyone?

While the need to store food forwinter has naturally vanished,storing food still has its uses. Forexample, after the Canberra bush-fires and the outbreak of SARSsome households decided to stockup on a week�s supply of food andwater in case of emergencies. It�snot hard to do, visit any supermar-ket and you�ll find a myriad ofpreserved foods, canned, frozen,heat treated... the list goes on.

Storing food for any length oftime though is not a commonpractice today and among manyyounger people today what foodscan be stored and how to storethem is almost unknown.

Buying and storing preserved foods

Processed foods are prettystraight forward. Make sure thepackage is not damaged and eat itbefore the �use by date�. Foods

preserved in a more traditionalway such as pickling in brine (likeolives), or stewing in sugar(stewed fruits) or steeping in alco-hol may not always have a use bydate though.

When buying food preserved inalcohol and solutions of salt orsugar two things need to be con-sidered. In order for the food to bepreserved firstly there must be ahigh enough concentration of salt,sugar or alcohol to prevent thegrowth of bacteria those nastieswhich causes food to rot. Foodcontaining 40% salt or 40% sugar

will not �go off�. No wonder can-dies last for ever!

Secondly, except for things likejam that have a very high concen-tration of sugar, whatever is beingpreserved has to be kept awayfrom air, either by keeping it sub-merged in the preserving solutionor by coating it in a layer of oil orfat. For us as consumers this is themost important. Perhaps becausethey are a recent addition to theAustralian diet and shopkeepersare unaware of how they�re pre-served, it is pretty common to goto a supermarket delicatessen and

see olives sitting high and drywithout a drop of brine or oil insight. Result? The shop often endsup selling olives which are almostoff. Yuk!

Alternatively if you grow fruitor vegetables in your garden orbuy in bulk you might like to tryyour hand at preserving the pro-duce yourself. An invaluableguide on all the different methodsof preserving fresh foods is MrsBeeton�s Cookery and HouseholdManagement. The book costsaround $30 and is available frommost large bookstores.

What other ways can food be stored?

The main way, without resort-ing to preserving foods in brineand the like, is by freezing. Theshelf life of meat, fish can beextended for 3 months by freez-ing, as can some vegetables.

Unfortunately, freezing canadversely affect the flavour andtexture of fresh foods. Commer-cial manufacturers often getaround the problem by snap freez-ing fresh food.

With heavily processed foodsthough there are usually not manyways to extend its shelf life, themanufacturers have already donethat through sealed air-tight pack-aging and the like.

Did you know, though, that theshelf life of flour and baked prod-ucts such as cakes can be extend-ed by up to three months by stor-ing them in a freezer?

Gathering nuts in MayStuffed veggies...

This issue we suggest stuffed tomatoes.Even though the name of our recipe is stuffedtomatoes we use other vegetables like peppers,eggplants and even zucchini.

As far as recipes are concerned, this onemight not be the simplest and requires quite abit of time, so choose the weekend as the mostappropriate time to try out this deliciousrecipe. This is of course for the working cou-ple.

Stuffed veggies are a delicious Greek dish,which can be served on its own as it containsboth greens and meat. However, we suggestserving it with a tuna salad and feta cheese.

The recipeIngredients: Makes approximately 20 stuffed tomatoes,peppers and eggplants1300 gr. of ground beef1 cup of riceOlive oil to taste1 large grated onionA little grated cheese and breadcrumbsFor the béchamel1 ½ glass of milk2 tablespoons of margarine4 tbs. of flour

Procedure: Clear out the seeds and grains of the toma-

toes, peppers and the eggplants and place all ofthese ingredients in the blender

Put the ground beef into a saucepan at medi-um heat and simmer until all the liquid hasevaporated.

Afterwards add a little tomato juice, oliveoil and boil for one hour. When it is almostready add the rice, the onion and the inside ofthe peppers and eggplants.

Put the margarine into a pot and as soon asit melts add the flour and mix. Immediatelyafterwards add the milk until the béchamel hasthickened.

Stuff the veggies with the mixture and pourthe béchamel sauce over the top. Put thestuffed veggies into a large pan with a little bitof oil and some tomato juice poured over thetop.

Bake in the oven in at 150°C for approxi-mately an hour and a half. If desired place afew quartered potatoes in between the otherstuffed vegetables.

Eggplants with cheese in the oven

The recipeIngredients:12-14 long eggplants (medium-sized)1/4 kilo of feta or other cheeseFor the sauce:1 tin of tomato juicesalt-pepper-a little sugar1 onion1 water glass or less of olive oil, and somewater.

Procedure:First boil the sauce for just over ½ an hour, andthen fry the eggplants(having cut half waythrough the skin to put the cheese inside).Once they have all been fried, place them in apan, add the cheese lengthwise in the egg-plants and pour the sauce over them.Bake at medium heat until they become tenderand the extra juices have dried up.

Queen Adelaide Riesling, 2002

Made by one of Australia�s oldestwineries, this wine is young anduncomplicated with mild citrus aromasand flavours of stone fruit and mixedpeel. A hint of sweetness combinedwith apple like acidity gives this winea clean, crisp finish. Intended to bedrunk young, this wine should beserved slightly chilled.

Cost: under $10

Deakin Select Shiraz,Barrique Matured, 2000

Produced from specially selectedfruit from the Deakin Estate vine-yard, this wine has a deep crimsoncolour and a nose of blood plumsand spice. The flavour is full-bod-ied with plentiful flavours of sourcherries, spice and a hint of game (reminiscent of duck) while twelvemonths maturation in American and French oak barriques has impart-ed complex vanillan oak nuances.

Tannins are smooth and the finish is long with a refreshing acid touch.Well suited to game meats, this wine will benefit from cellaring for upto 3 years.

Cost: under $20

Making Good WineBryce Rankine (Sun)

This book was written forwinemakers, especiallythose in Australia and NewZealand. It looks at every-thing from winemaking,running a winery and thelegalities of winemaking inAustralia and NewZealand as well as howwine is evaluated. Techni-cal terms and explanationsare kept to a minimummaking this book fascinat-ing reading for everyonefrom professional andamateur winemakers towine lovers.

Cost: under $30

Wine RReviewBy Imogen Coward


Recipes

Food & WineDID YOU KNOW? The scientific termfor the common tomato is lycopersiconlycopersicum, which means "wolfpeach." There are more than 10,000varieties of tomatoes.


News in brief...

Towards 2004DID YOU KNOW? The Organization of American States(OAS) was founded in 1948 to promotepeace, security and the economicaldevelopment of the western hemisphere.

ATHENS 2004 President, Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki, together with the Mayor of Volos, MrKyriakos Mitrou, inaugurated the ATHENS 2004office in Volos, the capital of Magnesia. This is thefirst of the four ATHENS 2004 offices that willoperate in the Olympic Cities.

�The slogan �The Olympiad is the whole of Greece� becomesa reality here in Volos�, Mrs Angelopoulos-Daskalaki said inher speech, and stressed that �the role of Magnesia in the effortfor a perfect organisation of the Olympic Games is crucial�. Sheadded:

�It is from here, from Volos, that the very first images of theGreek Olympic organisation will be transmitted, images thatwill become a reference point for the Games to follow. The firstkick-off will take place in Volos and will be broadcast all overthe globe�, stressed the ATHENS 2004 President.

The ATHENS 2004 President announced that more than1,000 citizens of Magnesia, and a total of 2,500 citizens from allover Thessaly, have already submitted their volunteers applica-tions, and that the selection and training procedure will start inVolos in September. ATHENS 2004 President asked forincreased support in the Volunteers Programme and pointed outthat the ATHENS 2004 Office will provide information aboutactions of the Organising Committee, which concern the prepa-rations for the Olympic Games.

The ATHENS 2004 President also announced that theOlympic Flame will remain in Volos for one day in the courseof the Torch Relay�s journey across the globe, a route that wasdecided for the very first time.

The Mayor of Volos, stressed that all organisations must uniteforces effectively towards the national goal of the OlympicGames, stressing that �the Office granted by the Municipalitymay be small, but it is a very welcoming one; it is the placewhere the heart of the Olympiad will beat�.

The Mayor of Nea Ionia in Volos, S. Fouskis, remarked thatthe Olympic Games will be a milestone for future generations,while the Prefect of Magnesia, G. Printzos, emphasised that theATHENS 2004 Office will function as a catalyst in the cooper-ation between the Organising Committees and local bodies.

Metropolitan Bishop Ignatios of Dimitriada, who officiatedat the inaugural ceremony for the Office of the Organising Com-mittee in Volos, referred to the important work carried out by theATHENS 2004 President for the proper organisation of theOlympic Games.

Also present at the opening were the Deputy Minister ofEnvironment, Physical Planning and Public Works, RhodoulaZissi; Members of Parliament for the Prefecture; representativesof the Armed Forces; prominent figures of the local economy;athletes; and a large number of people.

The Olympic Volunteers of Magnesia, wearing Volunteer T-shirts and waving 2004 flags, welcomed the ATHENS 2004President and added a colourful note to the event.

The first Olympic kick-off will take place in Volos

Greece, home to the EU�s heaviest smokers, extended asmoking ban from public spaces to the private sector as itstepped up a clean-up campaign before the country hoststhe 2004 Olympics.Authorities want to transform Greece into a �smoke-free�nation before the Games, but Greeks are still struggling tokick the habit nine months after the first anti-smokingmeasures came into force in hospitals, clinics and publicoffices.�These measures are not about terrorising people ... but arecomplementary preventive measures for non-smokersagainst the unhealthy habit,� Health Minister Mr CostasStefanis said after signing an agreement with workers�unions to phase out smoking at private companies.It will be officially banned from conference rooms, recep-tion halls and other common spaces by March 2004.But many of the capital�s trademark cafes have yet to sep-arate smokers and non-smokers, and Athenians do notseem keen to drop the habit. Small non-smoking sectionsin most restaurants and tavernas are all but empty.�If I go out with friends who smoke of course we will sitin the smoking section. I don�t mind because I�m used toit, even though I am a non-smoker,� said businessman MrNikos Georgantopoulos.Giant billboards across Greece, where the average smok-er goes through about a pack a day, still display cigaretteadverts despite a ban last January. Officials insist they willbe removed before the Olympics start in 2004.Greece says there will be designated smoking areas in andaround stadiums and other venues at the Games, butsmoking will be forbidden in all indoor halls. Officialshope by then all cafes and tavernas will have enforcedanti-smoking regulations.The Health Ministry says 45 per cent of Greeks are smok-ers, putting the country well ahead of second-placedFrance with 38 per cent in the European Union table.

REUTERS

Olympic athletes to be targeted for drug tests Australia�s Olympic athletes will be targeted for drug testslike never before in the lead-up to the Athens Games, with3,800 anti-doping checks to be carried out in the next 12months.Australian Sports Drug Agency chief executive JohnMendoza says the figure is an increase of 500 on thisyear�s tests and would be the largest government-fundeddrug testing program in Australia�s history.He says Olympic athletes will be the prime targets so Aus-tralians can be confident their Olympic team for Athens isdrug-free.Mr Mendoza said Australian athletes competing or train-ing overseas in the lead-up to the Olympics would be hitwith ASDA drug testing.However, he said in some instances ASDA would pay fora local drug testing agency to conduct the tests to save tax-payers some money.

AAP

Olympics organisers draw political fire over FYROM

Greece�s main opposition party accused the Athens Olympicsorganisers of �amateurism� after the circulation of a guidebook naming Greece�s northern neighbour by its international-ly known name �Macedonia�.�Amateurism and frivolity can cause damage, create confusionwith international public opinion ... It�s impossible that somedo not respect what we (Greeks) ask others to respect,� theNew Democracy party spokesman Mr Theodoros Roussopou-los told reporters.Greece refuses to accept the name �Macedonia� for the break-away Yugoslav republic which became independent in the1990s, because it is also the name of a Greek province andAthens fears using the name will give the Macedonians a claimto the Greek territory.

Athens successfully pushed the international community torecognise its neighbour country as FYROM instead - anacronym for Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.ATHOC, as the organising committee is known, dismissed theaccusations, saying the affair resulted from a mistake by theGerman company which had been contracted to print theguide.�ATHOC has repeatedly proved that it knows how to make useof the ... 2004 Athens Olympics to internationally promote andupgrade Greece�s prestige,� the organisers said in a statement.ATHOC said it had already ordered the recall of all the guidesalready circulated and said it would be reprinted.An ATHOC spokesman told AFP �just a few guides� had goneinto circulation, without citing a specific number. AFP

Greek battle to kick smoking habit

before Olympics

The 2004 Athens Olympics will award world ranking points toall tennis players in a bid to secure the cream of the crop for theSummer Games.The move, announced at the French Open, will mark the firsttime women players will earn ranking points at the Games.Ranking points for men were awarded for the 2000 OlympicTennis Event in Sydney.The men�s and women�s world rankings will also be used as theentry criteria into the Olympics, the International Tennis Feder-ation said.�This is a significant step forward for the Olympic TennisEvent,� ITF president Francesco Ricci Bitti said.�We want to thank Mark Miles of the ATP and Larry Scott ofthe WTA Tour and their boards for their support and theirunderstanding of how important it is for the sport of tennis to bein the Olympic Games.�Their decisions reward the men and women equally and willguarantee that as many top players as possible are able to rep-resent their countries in Athens.�Olympic Games executive director Gilbert Felli said: �Thisnew system is the result of a constructive cooperation betweenall parties involved since the introduction of tennis into theOlympic programme at the 1988 Games in Seoul and shows thedetermination to see top tennis players take part in the OlympicGames.�The Olympic Tennis Event will be played from August 15-22,2004 at the new Olympic Tennis Centre in Athens, Greece.Tennis was a part of the first modern Olympic Games in Athensin 1896. After the 1924 Paris Games, tennis withdrew from theOlympics but returned as a demonstration event in 1984 and asa full medal sport in 1988.

Reuters

Ranking points to be awarded at Olympics

ATHENS 2004 President, Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki

JUNE 2003 19/35Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA

SportsDID YOU KNOW? 92% of Chinese belong tothe Han nationality, which has been China'slargest nationality for centuries. The rest ofthe nation consists of about 55 minoritygroups.

When Plato was quoted as saying �thebeginning is the most important part ofthe work�, he was not wrong. In fact soprecise is his school of thought, that itreflects the modern day practices of ourfollowing insight.

No secret it is that Australia contains someof the best natural junior talent around theworld, yet somewhere along the road to suc-cess this �talent� is compromised. In the pas-sionate efforts of George Lazarou to create notonly an academy for development, but aninstitution of learning, he has encountered andaddressed the problems our future athletesface.

Mr Lazarou, a partner in the Australian Fut-bol Academy, has and continues to devote asubstantial amount of time to our young andprosperous soccer players. The academy is byno means a duplication of any other. By con-trast, it is a pioneering and practical program,which aside from the AIS and other Govern-ment affiliations is unrivalled in its profession-alism and expertise.

Including but not limited to nutritional guid-ance, medical assessments, performanceschedules, appraisal forms and homeworksheets, the academy is a medium that must beexploited to utilise the complete playingpotential of our youth.

Established for almost a year now, The Aus-tralian Futbol Academy has had substantialgrowth and positive reviews from parents,professionals and participants alike. For $25 asession lasting two hours, the comprehensivetraining and development program ensuresthat our young soccer players are being giventhe utmost attention and much needed advice.

The attention to detail highlighted in thisacademy perhaps runs second to the effective-ness of the motivational tools used to encour-age the youth to continue to strive and remainfocussed. The essential player interaction thatis lacking in Australian junior development isemphasised here at the academy through eachsessions� account of evaluation, which aims atidentifying strengths and proposing newdevelopment plans.

Go for Gold soccer clinic is operated byNSW state licensed coach Tom Alexakis. Theexperienced Alexakis is currently involvedwith a wide range of school programs in oper-ation at present, offering the latest in trainingprinciples and game play.

With credentials that include a successfulsoccer career, a practical coaching programoverseen directly at Anfield by Liverpool FCand hundreds of juniors having gone throughhis clinic, Alexakis� detailed profile is overlyimpressive.

Alexakis and Lazarou both offer a servicein which knowledge, expertise, professional-ism and soccer methodology is dispatched tothe young, eager and lucky participants oftheir respected academies. With this in mind,the formation of a united soccer clinic to beheld during the school holidays will see thegathering of a 100 participants between theages 6-15 at Beaman Park Earlwood.

The cost of the clinic per child is $130.00and runs from 10am to 2pm. At the comple-tion of the clinic, each player will receive alaminated certificate of achievement, a T-shirtand drink bottle.

The beginning of the development of aplayer is the most important and delicate time.Knowing this, we can only entrust our aspir-ing youth to committed and experienced indi-viduals whose instructive rather than dictatingapproach will ensure the right channel forlearning and eventual success.

Plato was right with his philosophical com-prehension about the beginning being themost important part of the work.

With the correct structured academies nowin place, the beginning of soccer developmentin Australia will no longer be the downfall toan easily influenced young player.

Rather, the beginning now will extract theabsolute best from each attendee of the acade-my and explore avenues of progression andcharacter development.

Under the guidance of Alexakis and Laza-rou, our youth will obtain a concrete under-standing of the fundamentals involved in soc-cer.

The beginning here, is now in good and safehands as many who have crossed paths withthese two will affirm.

For more information regarding the school holidaysoccer clinic, contact either George Lazarou 0425 325911 [NSW State Licence] or Tom Alexakis 0414 595 652[NSW State Licence].

By Terry Sidiratos

Moulding our futureGREEK ORTHODOX ARCHDIOCESE OF AUSTRALIA

CENTRAL YOUTH OF NSW2003 STATE YOUTH PROGRAM

Monday 30th St Demetrius Parish will have their fellowship at 7.30 pm - "Marriage: Church & Our Lord JesusChrist" by Fr Nicholas StavropoulosKogarah Parish will have their fellowship at 7.30 pm led by Fr Anastasios Bozikis

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Tuesday 1st Feast Day of "Kosmas and Damian The Unmercenaries"Belmore parish will have their fellowship at 7.30 pm - A Bible Study on The Prodigal Son By FrNicholas StavropoulosKingsford fellowship will be studying the "Sunday Gospel" at 8.00 pm led by Fr Steven ScoutasUni NSW will be having their weekly fellowship at 13.00 pm

Wednesday 2nd Sutherland Parish will have their fellowship at 7.45 pm led by Fr Constantine VaripatisRose Bay Parish will have their Bible Study at 7.30 pm led by Fr Stavros Karvelas

Saturday 5th Divine Liturgy in English at the Parish of "The Resurrection" in Kogarah at 6.50pm

Sunday 6th Sunday of 3rd Matthew

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Monday 7th Feast day of the "Great Martyr Kyriaki"Kogarah Parish will have their fellowship at 7.30 pm led by Fr Anastasios Bozikis

Tuesday 8th Kingsford fellowship will be studying the "Sunday Gospel" at 8.00 pm led by FrSteven ScoutasUni NSW will be having their weekly fellowship at 13.00 pm

Wednesday 9th Sutherland Parish will have their fellowship at 7.45 pm led by Fr ConstantineVaripatisLiverpool Parish will have their fellowship at 7.30 pm - "Topics On Our OrthodoxFaith in English "Blacktown Parish will have their fellowship at 7.30 pm - "The Essence ofChristianity" by Anastasios KalogerakisRose Bay Parish will have their Bible Study at 7.30 pm led by Fr Stavros Karvelas

Thursday 10th Vespers Service led by His Eminence Archbishop Stylianos to take place at Bankstown Parish at 7.00pm for the feast day of "St Euphemia"

Friday 11th Feast day of "Great Martyr Euphemia" and also "Isapostol Olga"Mascot Parish will have their fellowship at 8.15 pm

Saturday 12th Divine Liturgy in English at the Parish of "The Resurrection" in Kogarah at 6.50pmSunday 13th Feast day of "Holy Fathers" of the 4th Ecumenical Council

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Monday 14th Kogarah Parish will have their fellowship at 7.30 pm led by Fr Anastasios BozikisSt Demetrius Parish will have their fellowship at 7.30 pm - "Superstitions,Traditions and Our Faith" by Evi Fiakou

Tuesday 15th Kingsford fellowship will be studying the "Sunday Gospel" at 8.00 pm led by FrSteven ScoutasBelmore parish will have their fellowship at 7.30 pm - A Bible Study on TheRich Young Man (Choosing God over other things) By Fr NicholasStavropoulosUni NSW will be having their weekly fellowship at 13.00 pm

Wednesday 16th Sutherland Parish will have their fellowship at 7.45 pm led by Fr ConstantineVaripatisRose Bay Parish will have their Bible Study at 7.30 pm led by Fr Stavros Karvelas

Thursday 17th Feast Day of the "Great Martyr Marina"Saturday 19th Divine Liturgy in English at the Parish of "The Resurrection" in Kogarah at 6.50pmSunday 20th Feast day for "Prophet Elias"

THE CENTRAL YOUTH MONTHLY TALK WILL BE HELD AT THE HALL OF ST ANDREW'S THEOLOGICALCOLLEGE, 242 CLEVELAND STREET REDFERN AT 6.00 PM TOPIC - "AN ORTHODOX PERSPECTIVE ONWAR" BY MR ANASTASIOS KALOGERAKIS REGISTRAR OF ST ANDREW'S THEOLOGICAL COLLEGE

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Monday 16th Day of The Holy SpiritSt Demetrius Parish will have their fellowship at 7.30 pm - "PENTECOST: Meaning, Significance &Message" by Fr Stavros KarvelasKogarah Parish will have their fellowship at 7.30 pm led by Fr Anastasios Bozikis

Tuesday 17th Belmore Parish will have their fellowship at 7.30 pm - LOVE vs LUST: What are the prerequisites ofmarriage? By Fr Nicholas StavropoulosKingsford fellowship will be studying the "Sunday Gospel" at 8.00 pm led by Fr Steven ScoutasUni NSW will be having their weekly fellowship at 13.00 pm

Wednesday 18th Sutherland Parish will have their fellowship at 7.45 pm led by Fr ConstantineVaripatisLiverpool Parish will have "Topics On Our Orthodox Faith in English"- On the DivineLiturgy held at 7.30 pmRose Bay Parish will have their fellowship at 7.30 pm led by Stavros Karvelas

Saturday 21st Divine Liturgy in English at the Parish of ST SPYRIDON at Kingsford at 6.50 pmVespers Service led by His Eminence Archbishop Stylianos to take place atBelmore Parish at 7.00pm for the feast day of "ALL SAINTS"

Sunday 22nd Feast Day of All Saints - Belmore ParishTHE CENTRAL YOUTH MONTHLY TALK WILL BE HELD AT THE HALL OF ST ANDREW'S THEOLOGICAL COLLEGE, 242 CLEVELAND STREET REDFERN AT 6.00 PM. TOPIC - "ST DIADOCHOS OF PHOTIKE: 4th CENTURY SAINT - 21st CENTURY SOLUTIONS BY FR LESLIE KOSTOGLOU - PARISH PRIES AT ST GERASIMOS PARISH LEICHHARDT

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Monday 23rd Kogarah Parish will have their fellowship at 7.30 pm led by Fr Anastasios Bozikis

Tuesday 24th Feast day of Nativity of St John the BaptistKingsford fellowship will be studying the "Sunday Gospel" at 8.00 pm led by FrSteven ScoutasUni NSW will be having their weekly fellowship at 13.00 pm

Wednesday 25th Sutherland Parish will have their fellowship at 7.45 pm led by Fr ConstantineVaripatisRose Bay Parish will have their fellowship at 7.30 pm led by Stavros KarvelasBlacktown Parish will have their fellowship at 7.30 pm - "Women's role in theChurch" by Stavros Agoroudis - Graduate of St Andrew's Theological College

Friday 27th Mascot Parish will have their fellowship at 8.15 pm

Saturday 28th Divine Liturgy in English at the Parish of ST SPYRIDON at Kingsford at 6.50 pmVespers Service led by His Eminence Archbishop Stylianos to take place at Sutherland Parish at7.00pm for the feast day of "Sts Peter & Paul The Apostles"Blacktown Parish present: "Night on the Aegean" - Fellowship Dance commencing at 7.00 pm withGreek and English Music (DJ) in the Church Hall of St Paraskevi 49 Balmoral Street, Blacktown.Tickets are $25 for adults and $15 for children under the age of12, children under 3 free - Tavern stylemenu. For tickets and more information please contact Panayiota Ektoras on 0425 240 145

Sunday 29th Feast Day of Sts Peter & Paul the Apostles - Sutherland Parish

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1.00 pm

PRIEST AT ST GERASIMOS PARISH LEICHHARDT

Fr Stavros Karvelas

Fr Stavros Karvelas

�

at Bankstown

NSL newsBY PHILLIP FOURLAS

SOUTH MELBOURNE New South Melbourne coach Stuart Munrohas wasted little time in wielding the axe ashe begins the rebuilding process, cutting fourplayers including the man who has had moregrand final victories than any other NationalSoccer League player. Fausto de Amicis, 34, and a four-time pre-miership player (twice with South and twicewith the Melbourne Knights), is one of thequartet Munro has deemed surplus torequirements. David Clarkson, 35, who joined South sevenseasons ago, has also been told that he does-n�t fit into Munro�s future plans. Clarkson battled bravely to regain fitness lastseason after missing the previous campaignwith a knee injury, but admitted that, after 17years in the game, his motivation to put in

the hard yards at training was beginning towane. The other two names on the list mayraise plenty of eyebrows: former best-and-fairest winner Steve Iosifidis and strikerPeter Buljan.

OLYMPIC SHARKS The news coming out of the Sharks camp donot look promising, with three ownersbelieved to be walking out of the clubincluding chairman Nick Politis. The owners are believed to have lost $17million over a five year period, and the newswill certainly shock Olympic supporterswho in the past two years have enjoyed theirteam being crowned Champions and thisseason finishing Minor Premiers.Not only will there be changes in ownership,the Sharks will no longer play at there homeground Toyota Park and are looking for amove to Wentworth Park.With more than 12 players coming out ofcontract, the Sharks are facing an exodus ofplayers.

SPORTSThe Greek Australian VEMA

EURO 2004

Greece tops Group 6 Greece suddenly have top spot intheir own hands and long-timefavourites Spain are struggling. Following the shock 1-0 win inSpain, Greece repeated the resultagainst their other main rivalsUkraine courtesy of AngelosHaristeas�s 86th-minute goal. If Greece win their last two games,away to Armenia and home toNorthern Ireland, they will top thegroup and qualify for their firstEuropean championship since 1980.

A group-by-group analysis after the latestresults in the European championship quali-fying matches (groups one to ten) is as fol-lows:

GROUP ONE No matches played.

GROUP TWO Denmark moved two points clear at the

top after a 2-0 win in Luxembourg andNorway�s 1-1 home draw with Romania inOslo.

Goals from Claus Jensen (22) and ThomasGravesen (50) gave the Danes their expectedvictory but Norway needed a 78th-minutepenalty from Ole Gunnar Solskjaer to save apoint against Romania, who had taken a 64thminute lead through Ioan Ganea.

After six matches Denmark have 13points, Norway 11 and Romania 10. Bosnia(6 points) and Luxembourg (0) have onlyplayed five matches but are out of the run-ning. Norway have the easier run-in withtheir last two matches in the autumn againstBosnia (away) and Luxembourg (home).

GROUP THREE The Czech Republic remain unbeaten

with four wins and a draw from their open-ing five matches after a 5-0 home win overMoldova in Olomouc. They lead the groupwith 13 points along with the Netherlands.

Austria, shocked 1-0 by Moldova,regained some self-respect with a 5-0 winover Belarus in Innsbruck, where only 8,000fans turned out. They moved on to ninepoints but third spot is realistically their tar-get as their last two matches are away to theDutch and at home to the Czechs.

GROUP FOUR Sweden followed Saturday�s 6-0 victory

over San Marino with a 3-0 home win overPoland in Stockholm, while Hungary movedlevel at the top with the Swedes on 11 pointsafter their 5-0 win over San Marino.

But the group remains tight as Latvia, whodid not play, have 10 points - and both Latviaand Sweden have played one match less than

Hungary. Poland, on seven points, now lookout of it.

Anders Svensson scored twice for theSwedes and Marcus Allback got the othergoal as the home side showed some goodform and were too quick and powerful forthe Poles.

Hungary were simply too strong, too, forSan Marino who wasted the chance of a rarecompetitive goal when Andy Selva missed a75th-minute penalty.

GROUP FIVE Germany were spared what would have

been an embarrassing 0-0 draw with theFaroe Islands in Torshavn with goals at thedeath from Miroslav Klose (89) and FrediBobic two minutes into stoppage time. In the end Germany�s 2-0 victory lifted themon to 11 points - two clear of surprise pack-age Iceland who won 3-0 in Lithuania tomove up from fourth to second aboveScotland, who did not play. Iceland will go top if they win away to theFaroe Islands on August 20 - but their hopesof reaching a major championship for thefirst time still remain slight because their lasttwo matches are home and away againstGermany.

GROUP SIX It�s all change as Greece suddenly have

top spot in their own hands and long-timefavourites Spain are struggling.

Greece followed up the shock 1-0 win inSpain with a repeat result against their othermain rivals Ukraine courtesy of AngelosHaristeas�s 86th-minute goal.

It took Greece to 12 points, one ahead ofSpain, who were held to a goalless draw atbottom country Northern Ireland. Ukrainehave nine.

If Greece win their last two games, awayto Armenia and home to Northern Ireland,they will top the group and qualify for theirfirst European championship since 1980.

GROUP SEVEN The top two, Turkey and England, both

fell behind but came through for victories toleave their meeting in Istanbul in October asthe likely group decider.

Second-half goals from substituteGokdeniz Karadeniz and Hakan Sukur savedTurkey, who trailed 2-1 at halftime at hometo Macedonia.

Vlatko Grozdanovski put the visitorsahead, Nihat Kahveci equalised only forArtim Sakiri to put Macedonia back in frontalmost immediately, sparking a shower ofcoins and bottles from the terraces that willcertainly bring Turkey a UEFA punishment.

Disorganised England fell behind to aVladimir Janocko goal as Slovakia lookedthe more dangerous side in Middlesbrough,but striker Michael Owen marked his 50thcap with two goals in the second half asSven-Goran Eriksson�s team found theirform.

Turkey stay top on 15 points, two clear ofEngland, who can qualify by beatingFYROM and drawing in Turkey.

GROUP EIGHT The group remains impossible to call with

four teams still in the hunt after Croatia won1-0 in Estonia and Belgium beat Andorra by3 goals to nil.

Niko Kovac gave Croatia their successwith a late header while two for Bart Goorand one for Wesley Sonck earned Belgium�seasy home win.

Bulgaria lead the way with 11 points fromfive games, then come Croatia (10 fromfive), Belgium (10 from six) and Estonia(eight from six).

GROUP NINE Italy closed to within two points of Wales,

albeit from a game more, with a 2-0 awaywin over Finland.

Goals from Francesco Totti (32) andAlessandro Del Piero (73) gave Italy the vic-tory that takes them to 10 points from fivegames.

Wales have 12 from four but Serbia andMontenegro�s qualification hopes disap-peared in the last three minutes in Baku asAzerbaijan scored twice to pull off a surprise2-1 victory.

The Serbians, beaten 3-0 by Finland onSaturday, led through Branko Boskovic inthe 27th minute but an 88th-minute penaltyby Gurban Gurbanov and an injury-timewinner by Samir Aliyev earned Azerbaijantheir first win of the campaign.

They remain bottom on four points - alltaken from Serbia, who have five.

GROUP TENUnbeaten Switzerland stayed two points

clear with a hard-fought 3-2 home win overAlbania but it is now Ireland hot on theirheels following their 2-0 home success overGeorgia.

Defender Bernt Haas put Switzerlandahead, Altin Lala equalising. Alexander Freiedged the hosts back in front after 32 min-utes and midfielder Ricardo Cabanas addeda third (72) before a late Ervin Skela penaltyfor Albania.

Tottenham Hotspur duo Gary Doherty andRobbie Keane made it two Dublin victoriesin a week for Ireland, who will win the groupif they collect two more - at home to Russiaand away to Switzerland.

The Swiss have 12 points from six games,Ireland 10 from six and Russia seven fromfive.

Greek players celebrate their win over Ukraine

Athens Games increase dope tests by 50 pct Athens officials will carry out 50 percent more drug tests during and before next year�sOlympics than at the Sydney Games.�We have promised the international community that we will organise clean games,�Athens games (ATHOC) Managing Director Yannis Spanoudakis told an internationalmeeting.�And that�s what our intensive checks programme aims to do.�Spanoudakis said officials will run a total of 4,150 doping checks related to the Olympicsand Paralympics. About 500 of these will be during the test events over the next fewmonths and early next year.During the August 2004 Games, officials will test more than 3,000 athletes while 650 ath-letes taking part in the Paralympics will also be targetted.

Adelaide City likely to pull out of NSL Adelaide City Force will pull out of the national soccer league next seasonunless a white knight comes forward to back the club financially.The Force, which narrowly missed this season�s grand final, were a found-ing member of the NSL in 1977 and have won three championships.But Force President Bob D�Ottavi said today the club was losing $1.5 mil-lion a year from fielding its NSL side and could not afford to continue doingso. D�Ottavi, who has helped fund the club from his own pocket, said he tolda meeting of members that unless a new financial backer came forward byJune 22, the club would pull out of the NSL.It would continue as a club in Adelaide�s Premier League competition.