VETERINARY LABORATORIES

IN KENYA

Dr. J. M. Macharia and Dr. D.M. Mwangangi

MINISTRY OF LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT

ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

DIRECTOR OF VETERINARY SERVICES

REGIONAL INVESTIGATION SERVICES

RESEARCH/ EXTENSION LIAISON

QUALITY CONTROL SERVICES

EPIDEMIOLOGY SERVICES

CENTRAL VETERINARY LABORATORIES

ACAROLOGY LABORATORY

CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

PATHOLOGY LABORATORY

PARASITOLOGY LABORATORY

LABORATORY ANIMAL SERVICES

VIROLOGY LABORATORY

BACTERIOLOGY LABORATORY

FMD/VESICULAR DISEASES LABORATORY

MARIAKANILABORATORY

ELDORETLABORATORY

KERICHOLABORATORY

NAKURULABORATORY

KARATINALABORATORY

GARISSALABORATORY

PERMANENT SECRETARY

VETERINARY LABORATORY

& REGULATORY

SERVICES

VETERINARY CLINICAL/FIELD

SERVICES

VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH

DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE

DIRECTOR OF FISHERIES

SUPPORT SERVICES

VETERINARY EXTENSION

TRAINING ANIMAL BREEDING

VECTOR CONTROL

DIVISIONS:

Laboratory Network National referral laboratories

Central Veterinary Laboratories (CVL) Kabete National Veterinary Quality Control Lab., Embakasi

Regional laboratories Nakuru - Serves Southern Rift Valley Kericho - For Nyanza, Western, Western Rift Valley Eldoret - Serves Northern Rift Valley

Has a Satellite lab. at Lodwar Karatina - Serves Central and Eastern Provinces

Has a Satellite lab. at Isiolo Mariakani - Serves Coast Province

Has 2 satellites at Ukunda and Witu Garissa - Serves North Eastern Province

Kenya: Laboratory Network

T U R K A N A

M A R S A B I T

M A N D E R A

W A J I R W E S T P O K O T

S A M B U R U I S I O L O

B A R I N G O E .

M A R A K W E T T R A N S - N Z O I A M T .

E L G O N

G A R I S S A

U A S I N G I S H U

K A K A M E G A B U N G O M A

L A I K I P I A B U S I A N Y A M B E N E

N A N D I M E R U

S I A Y A N A K U R U

V I H I G A N Y A N D A R U A

N I T H I K E R I C H O K I S U M U

N Y E R I

T A N A R I V E R

M W I N G I K I R I N Y A G A

E M B U H O M A _ B A Y B O M E T

N Y A M I R A

N A R O K

K I S I I M U R A N G A M I G O R I T H I K A

K I A M B U M A C H A K O S

T R A N S - M A R A

K I T U I

K A J I A D O

K U R I A N A I R O B I

M A K U E N I L A M U

K I L I F I T A I T A

T A V E T A

K W A L E M O M B A S A

T H A R A K A

U G A N D A

E T H I O P I A

S O M A L I A

T A N Z A N I A

N

S U D A N

Role of the LaboratoriesTo safeguard human health, animal health and productivity as it relates to food security, safety and trade.

To undertake prompt disease diagnosis investigation of outbreaks, quality control of acaricides, vaccines, drugs, livestock, food and feed.

In line with international conventions such as those of World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), WHO, Codex, FAO, etc.

CENTRAL VETERINARY LABORATORIES – KABETE :

Comprises the following laboratories• Pathology• Chemistry• Bacteriology• Parasitology• Virology, and• Acarology

CVL Mandated to:-

• Confirm animal diseases diagnosis• Disease search and surveillance• Monitor the effectiveness of vaccination

campaigns• Quality regulation of veterinary inputs and

outputs• Certification of exports/imports. - to be free

from diseases, to be acceptable.• Teaching institution

Organization of diagnosis Farmers and other Stakeholders

RECEPTION

Veterinary field staff, Private Practioners, RVILS

Other Institutes and Countries

NVQCL and KARI’s NVRC• Vaccine Quality Control• Virus detection and typing

SEROLOGY• Infertility diseases, Brucellosis,

Johne’s disease, CCPP, CBPP etc

CHEMISTRY• Dip strength and milk quality testing• Toxicological analysis• Detection of mineral def. diseases• Drug evaluation

ACAROLOGY• Acaricide evaluation• Tick identification• Mange identification

VIROLOGY• Isolation of viruses in

tissues culture or animals,• Serological tests including

ELISA

PATHOLOGY• Histopathology• Post mortem• Microscopy• Anthrax surveillance• Clinical work• Reports dispatch

HELMINTHOLOGY• Worm identification• Worm burden surveys

BACTERIOLOGY• Bacterial and fungus• isolation and typing• Drug sensitivity tests• Media and antigen preparation

Pathology Laboratory

• Reception• Post-mortem• Histopathology• Poultry diseases• Farm visits/Dse Investigations

The Reception

Post mortem in progress

Post mortem in progress

Helminthology Laboratory

• Worm Identification• Egg worm counts• Worm larvae identification• Worm egg cultures

Bacteriology Laboratory

• Bacterial isolation and identification• Mycoplasma isolation• Serology• Media preparation• Antigen preparation

Preparation of antigen for use in bacterial assays

Virology Laboratory

• Virus dse diagnosis• Egg work section• Expt. animals section• Tissue culture section• Serology

ELISA in Virology Laboratory

ELISA in progress

ELISA laboratory

Assays in progress

Real time PCR in progress

PCR

PCR work station

Acarology Laboratory

• Tick and Mange identification• Acaricide resistance testing• Acaricide evaluation (acaricide efficacy

trials)

Chemistry Laboratory

• Toxicology lab• Dip wash testing • Nutrition lab• Mineral analysis lab

Assay for pesticides in Chemistry Laboratory

Challenges

• Emerging diseases such as HPAI and Leptospirosis , ASF and no accompanying extra funds

• Inadequate notice for lab. tests which are very expensive, before shipment of animals destined for export.– Tests requiring repeat after 21 days not even

repeated

Emergency preparedness

Achievements in general• CVL Kabete has continued to play the role of the

Government national referral Veterinary Investigation Laboratories and also in support of the Eastern and Central African region’s diagnostic activities.

• In collaboration with other relevant stakeholders, CVL has continued to support 2 of the 10 core functions of the Department of Veterinary Services, namely,:– Management and control of animal pests and

diseases;– Regulatory management and quality assurance of

animals, animal products, by-products and animal health/production inputs.

Specific achievements • Facilitating the provision of accessible, cost-

effective, prompt, efficient and effective disease diagnosis and investigations, disease surveillance, epidemiological surveillance and vaccine performance monitoring.

• Provision of diagnostic reagents, materials and kits to both government and private health institutions for the diagnosis of zoonotic diseases.

• Providing quality assurance and certification of animal production inputs, vaccines and other biologics, drugs, pesticides, feeds, premixes and livestock products.

Specific achievements• Facilitating the establishment of an inspection

and compliance system for animal health and production inputs, animals, animal products and by products.

• Promoting the use of appropriate, accredited and validated technologies with potential for improved and sustained agricultural growth.

• Provision of training to Department of Veterinary Services staff and students from universities and tertiary institutions.

Training Institution

Training Institution

Challenges

• Management Information System (MIS)– The bulk of information in the Laboratory is

managed manually. This information include disease reports, annual and quarterly reports and staff matters.

– Training updates for staff on data processing and analysis is highly recommended.

Collaborations• Local collaborators include:

– Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI),– National Council for Science & Technology (NCST)– Universities– Ministry of Health– International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)– Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)– Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS)

• International collaborators include:– European Union (EU)– International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)– Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, U.K.– CIRAD-EMVT, Montpellier, France– African Union – Inter-Africa Bureau for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR)– Onderstepoort Institute for Exotic Diseases, Republic of South Africa– Food an Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO)– Office International Epizooties (OIE)– World Health Organisation (WHO)– World Trade Organisation (WTO)– International standards Organisation (ISO)– CISA - INIA Spain– USDA’s National Veterinary Research Laboratories (NVSL), Ames Iowa, USA– OIE Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Rome Italy– Centers for Disease Control (CDC)

Staff internal training – CVL Seminar

THANKS