General Biology Name: ___________________________________Mid Term Exam Score: _____/50pts

1. Mr. Enslin’s friend told him to buy a Mathews bow because “it’s the best!” This is an example ofa. Sound evidenceb. Anecdotal evidencec. Scientific evidenced. Product evidence

Mr. Enslin is trying to determine if the use of a G5 broadhead over a Rage broadhead has an impact on his shooting accuracy. He sets up a target at a distance of 20 yards. He shoots twenty arrows using the G5 broadhead and determines the mean distance away from the bullseye and repeats the same procedure using the Rage broadhead. The mean distance away from the bullseye using the G5 broadhead was .45 inches and the mean distance away from the bullseye for the Rage broadhead was 1.05 inches.

2. The best hypothesis for the experiment above would be:a. Rage broadheads are better than G5 broadheadsb. Is a Rage broadhead better than a G5 broadhead?c. Which broadhead will work the best?d. If a G5 broadhead is used instead of Rage broadhead to shoot a target from a distance of 20

yards, the mean distance away from the bullseye will be less for the G5 broadhead.

3. The independent variable in the experiment is:a. The number arrows shotb. The shooting distance from the targetc. The type broadhead usedd. The mean distance from the bullseye

4. The dependent variable in the experiment is:a. The number arrows shotb. The shooting distance from the targetc. The type broadhead usedd. The mean distance from the bullseye

5. The conclusion Mr. Enslin should come to is:a. The type of broadhead used has no effect on shooting accuracy.b. The use of the G5 broadhead increases the shooting accuracy.c. He’s a great shot no matter which broadhead he uses.d. The use of the G5 broadhead decreases the shooting accuracy.

6. Conclusions based on an experiment are most likely to be accepted when:a. They are consistent with experimental data and observationsb. They are derived from investigations having many experimental variablesc. Scientists agree that only one hypothesis has been testedd. Hypotheses are based on one experimental design

7. A certain plant requires moisture, oxygen, carbon dioxide, light, and minerals in order to survive. This statement shows that a living organism depends on

a. Biotic factors b. Abiotic factors c. Symbiotic relationships d. Predator-prey relationships

8. Which is a biotic factor operating within an ecosystem?a. The amount of oxygen in a river b. The pH of the water in a riverc. The stoneflies that inhabit a riverd. The rate of flow of water in a river

9. Which is an example of a predator-prey relationship?a. The relationship between a duck and a pond of water.b. The relationship between a lion and a zebra.c. The relationship between a bee and a flower.d. The relationship between a hen and a rooster.

10. After a fire destroys a forest, the area will most likelya. Remain bare land indefinitelyb. Develop into a desert areac. Develop into an entirely different type of forest after hundreds of yearsd. Recover through gradual changes back to a point of long-term stability

11. An example of interspecific competition would be:a. Male cardinals competing for a mateb. Cheetahs and lions competing for gazellesc. Oak trees competing for water and sunlightd. Daphnia competing for algae in the tank

12. An example of intraspecific competition would be:a. A female cardinal and a female bluebird competing for a nesting siteb. Cheetahs and lions competing for gazellesc. Oak trees competing for water and sunlightd. Daphnia and zooplankton competing for algae in the tank

13. The relationship that exists when athlete’s foot fungus grows on a human is an example of a. Parasitismb. Predator-preyc. Commensalismd. Mutualism

14. Hermit crabs use the shells of dead snails for homes. This is an example of:a. Parasitismb. Predator-preyc. Commensalismd. Mutualism

15. The graph below shows the changes in two populations of herbivores in a grassy field. A possible reason for these changes is that:

a. All of the plant populations in this habitat decreased b. Population B competed more successfully for food than population A did c. Population A produced more offspring than population B did d. Population A consumed the members of population B

16. Certain bacteria living and feeding in a human's large intestines help to produce vitamin K needed for blood clotting. This relationship is an example of

a. Parasitismb. Predator-preyc. Commensalism d. Mutualism

17. A rocky island appears as oceanic waters recede. Which of the following forms of vegetation would probably appear first on the bare rocks?

a. Lichens b. Weeds c. Shrubs d. Pioneer trees

18. Which pair of organisms would most likely compete for the same ecological niche?a. Bacteria and fungib. Deer and wolfc. Tree and fungid. Deer and bacteria

19. In a particular ecosystem, squirrels make up a large portion of the diet of coyotes. A fatal disease in the squirrel population begins to reduce their population over a period of months. Which graph best represents the expected changes in population size of the coyotes and the squirrels?

20. The diagram below shows various ecological communities that occupied an area over a period of 300 years.

Which statement best describes the diagram?a. Community A is the most stable community.b. Community B replaced community C after a period of 100 years.c. Community C developed into community A after a period of 75 years.d. Community D modified the environment, making it more suitable for community E.

B

C

A

D

21. Changes in a deer population are shown in the graph below.

Which statement best explains section X?a. The population has reached the carrying capacity of its environment.b. Energy is used for interbreeding between members of different species.c. A predator recycles the remains of dead organisms.d. Competition does not occur between members of different species in the same habitat.

22. The diagram below illustrates a process that occurs in nature.

This diagram can be used to illustrate the

a. Effects of reduced competition between different types of plant lifeb. Effect of human intervention on a stable ecosystemc. Ecological succession from bare rock to stable ecosystemd. Evolution of mosses to trees over 200 years

23. Which graph represents a population that grew and is maintained at the carrying capacity of its ecosystem?

24. A sample of bacteria was added to a culture dish containing a food supply. The dish was kept in an incubator for two weeks, where temperature and other conditions that favored bacterial growth were kept constant. The graph below shows changes that occurred in the bacterial population over the two weeks.

Which statement provides the best explanation for some of the changes observed?a. The bacteria were unable to reproduce until day 8.b. The bacteria consumed all of the available food.c. The culture dish contained an antibiotic for the first five days.d. The temperature increased and the bacteria died.

25. In the graph above, during which days did the death phase occur?a. 1-2b. 2-6c. 6-8d. 8-13

26. In the graph above, during which days did the stationary phase occur?a. 1-2b. 2-6c. 6-8d. 8-13

A B C D

27. In the graph above, during which days did the lag phase occur?a. 1-2b. 2-6c. 6-8d. 8-13

28. In the graph above, during which days did the exponential phase occur?a. 1-2b. 2-6c. 6-8d. 8-13

29. Which of the following are examples of density-dependent factors? (1) Food, (2) Disease, (3) Rainfall,(4) Temperature.

(a) 1 only(b) 1 and 2(c) 1, 2, and 3(d) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Consider the following graph:

30. Line A would be an example of organisms which:a. Are large in sizeb. Have short life spansc. Have low reproductive ratesd. Care for their young

31. Line B would be an example of organisms which:a. Have short life spansb. Care for their youngc. Are small in sized. Have high reproductive rates

32. According to the grapha. Line A is K-selectedb. Line A is r-selectedc. Line A is predator-selectedd. Line A is prey-selected

33. According to the grapha. Line B is K-selectedb. Line B is r-selectedc. Line B is predator-selectedd. Line B is prey-selected

Consider the survivorship graph below:

34. The Type 1 survivorship curve is typical of:a. R-selected organismsb. K-selected organismsc. Predator selected organismsd. Prey selected organisms

35. The Type III survivorship curve is typical of:a. R-selected organismsb. K-selected organismsc. Predator selected organismsd. Prey selected organisms

36. All of the following are examples of Type I survivorship organisms except:a. Sea Turtlesb. Deerc. Humansd. Elephants

37. All of the following are examples of Type III survivorship organisms except:a. Largemouth bassb. Fruit batsc. Mayfliesd. Bacteria

38. All of the following are examples of a biotic index except:a. Using lichens to monitor long term air pollution levelsb. Using insects to monitor water pollution levelsc. Using chestnut trees to determine the soil conditions of a forestd. Using beetles to control the spread of an invasive plant species

39. The number of individuals that a particular place can support indefinitely is called the:a. Population maximumb. Carrying capacityc. Reproductive capacityd. Biotic potential

40. A disease resulting in the deaths of one-third of a dense population of bats in a cave would be a:a. Result of exponential growthb. Density-independent limiting factorc. Nutrient-limiting factord. Density-dependent limiting factor

41. Which of the following is a density-independent limiting factor?a. Earthquakeb. Diseasec. Emigrationd. Parasitism

42. Populations increase in size when:a. Immigration exceeds emigrationb. Emigration exceeds immigrationc. Immigration and emigration are equald. Predation exceeds competition

43. Which of the following graphs is an example of an open population?

a. b.

44. If the reading on a spectrophotometer for a population of yeast were .212 on Day 1 and .896 on Day 5, what would be the percent growth rate/day for this population?

a. 104.5%b. 15.3%c. 322.6%d. 64.5%

45. All of the following are main contributors in the rapid rise in the human population over the last 100 years except:

a. Assisted reproductive therapy allowing women to have as many as 8 offspring at one timeb. The discovery of antibioticsc. Improved farming techniquesd. Reduced infant mortality

46. In which countries are populations expanding most rapidly?a. Less-developed countriesb. More-developed countriesc. Both have the same rate of expansion

47. Zero population growth measures will allow which country to actually shrink in population by 2050.a. Indiab. Chinac. United Statesd. Nigeria

48. The current world population is approximately:a. 6 billionb. 7 billionc. 8 billiond. 9 billion

Consider the following scenario:

An island in the Gulf of Cortez is approximately circular, with a radius of 10km. There is no emigration or immigration. In a mark-recapture study of a rattlesnake population, 210 snakes were captured, banded, and released. In a second capture, 375 snakes were captured. 12 of these had marks.

49. What is the approximate number of rattlesnakes in this population?a. 585b. 6563c. 4100d. 78750

50. If the population was sampled 1 year later and found to contain 6036 individuals, it could be concluded that:

a. Mortality exceeded natalityb. Natality exceeded mortalityc. Mortality and natality were equald. The size of the island had increased due to succession