Violence Reduction

“The Shared Agenda”

John Carnochan QPM

Detective Chief Superintendent

Scottish Violence Reduction Unit

““More Law, Less Order”More Law, Less Order”Prof Irvine WallerProf Irvine Waller

“Truth springs from argument

amongst friends”

David Hume 1711-1776

Violence ChallengeViolence Challenge

• Straightforward = Command and Control

• Complicated = Management and Process

• Wicked = Leadership and Change

The The “How?”“How?”

“Interpersonal violence – violence between individuals in families and communities – is a public health problem.”

Etienne KrugDirector

Department of Injuries and Violence PreventionWorld health Organisation

2004

The The “How”“How”

Surveillance

Systematic data collection

Identify risk / protective factors

Research why it occurs

Develop and evaluate interventions

Find out what works.

Implement

Scale up and evaluate effective programmes

Partners: A&E AdmissionsPartners: A&E Admissions

Understand Causes of Understand Causes of ViolenceViolence

Two components to Violence:

• The propensity to be violent - personal factors

• The triggers of violence - social factorsThe Wave Report 2005 “Violence and what to do about it”

DeprivationDeprivation

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Literacy skills

Using numbers

Advanced IT or software skills

Strategic management skills

Basic computer literacy / using IT

Written communication skills

Other technical and practical skills

Oral communication skills

Team working skills

Problem solving skills

Customer handling skills

Planning and organising

What do Employers Want?What do Employers Want?

Percentage of Employers reporting an employee skill gap.

Future Skills Bar Chart. See Future Skills Scotland Website, Employer Survey 2004, p27, fig 15.

Rates of Return to Human Capital

Secondary

Preschool

Primary

Higher Education

Rates of Return to Human Rates of Return to Human CapitalCapital

Public Health ModelPublic Health Model

IndividualRelationship

Community

Societal

Parenting Lack of knowledge Friends that engage in violencePrevalence of gang cultureViolent families – siblings/parentsLack of significant adults/positive role model

Cultural norms Legitimisation of violenceAccess to and use of alcoholLack of aspiration Dependancy

Lack of punishment for pre cursor offences – knife carryingLack of visible swift justiceLinks to deprivationScottishness

Lack of communication skillsPoor behavioural controlImpulsivenessAggressive behaviourLack of skills to deal with conflict Lack of “life” skillsExclusion from Services/SchoolsNutrition Diet HealthAlcohol Lack of employment opportunities

The Big SevenThe Big Seven

1. Enrich Early Years Experience

2. Develop Adolescent Life Skills

3. Reduce Access to Alcohol

4. Reduce Access to Lethal Means

5. Promote Gender Equality

6. Change Cultural and Social Norms

7. Victim Identification and support

World Health Organisation

Liverpool JMU

birth

Early Years Framework

GIRFEC

Curriculum for Excellence

YJ Framework

Promoting Positive Outcomes (ASB)

Achieving our Potential (Poverty)

Equally Well (Health Inequalities)

Road to Recovery (Drugs)

Alcohol framework

181610

Purpose

Government Economic Strategy

National Outcomes

SOAs

NATIONAL POLICIES

NATIONAL PERFORMANCE

LIFE JOURNEY

Valuing our Young People

More Choices More Chances

National perspective - violence

• Wicked problem – for leaders not technicians• Partnership in action – policy and practice• Outcomes not processes• Public health inspired response

– Interdisciplinary (partnership)

– Evidence-led (problem profile – outcome evaluation)

– Prevention focused (earlier, more effective intervention – further upstream)

– Whole population/targeted (ecological model)

Challenges

• Joining up– Widening the coalition – health, education . . .– Dilution - everyone’s a partner; no-one’s responsible– Push me/pull me - Links between national policies and local

policy/delivery.– Outcomes – shared language? A new jargon?

• Scaling up– Fragmented delivery landscape– Lack of robust outcome evaluation (What works?)– Resources – state of public finances – opportunity?

• Wising up– Leadership – working the system - out of the comfort zone – doing

things differently. This is a highly adaptive challenge not a technical problem.

It is only with the positive commitment of strategic architects like you, that we can hope to make a real difference to the future of Scotland. The Violence Reduction Alliance Pledge is our shared vision to start building our alliance for a safer Scotland. We would appreciate your continued support in building that alliance.

Do you agree with the pledge? YES NO

If you disagree, please explain why:

The Action on Violence website www.actiononviolence.com has been developed to share information on events and initiatives andpromote best practice, between alliance

members and other interested parties.

I would like to receive updates on what is happening in Action on Violence

I would like to be a member of the Violence Reduction Alliance (I agree to my details below, being added to the website so as to share good practice on violence reduction across Scotland)

Name……………………………..

Organisation……………………..

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