VISUAL DISTURBANCES

REFRACTIVE ERRORSDefects prevents the light from converging into a single focus on the retina.

MYOPIANearsightedness; most commonLights to be focused in front of the retina.Causes blurred distance visionDue to excessive light refraction by the cornea or the lens abnormally long eye.Swelling of the lens by excessive glucose

HYPEROPIAFarsightedness; less commonLight rays to be focused behind the retina.Blurred near vision Due toCornea or the lens does not had the focusing powerEyeball is too short

PRESBYOPIALoss of accommodation associated with ageGenerally at 45years; less commonBlurred near vision.Due to: Crystalline lens become larger, firmer, or less elastic.Reduces accommodation abilityDifficulty in nearby objects

ASTIGMATISMIrregular corneal structureIncoming light rays to be bent unequallyLight rays do not come to a single point of focus on the retina.Causes blurred vision; ocular fatigue

APHAKIAAbsence of crystalline lensCongenital or cataract surgery removalLights projected behind the retinaNo near vision

COLLABORATIVE MANAGEMENTCORRECTIVE GLASSES:Concave and convex lensesReading glasses for presbyopia

Contact lensesMade up of various type of thin plastic that fit over the cornea.

CONTACT LENSESSOFTRIGIDGAS PERMEABLE LENSESExtended wearDisposable lenses

CONTACT LENSES

REFRACTIVE SURGERYPHOTO REFRACTIVE KERATOTOMY

PATIENT EDUCATIONRegular eye examinationEarly diagnosis and treatmentEye careVitamin intake

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