vowifi related doc

8/17/2019 VoWiFi Related Doc

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Wi-Fi Calling: Supporting voiceCarrier Wi-Fi, Enterprise Wi-FResidential environments

Byju Pularikkal, Santosh Patil

Mobility Solutions

BRKSPM-2123


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Agenda

• Introduction

• VoWiFi Solution Architecture(Untrusted Wi-Fi Access Model)

• VoWiFi Deployment in TrustedWi-Fi Access

• Hybrid Architecture for VoWiFi

• QoS Deployment Considerations

• Handset Side Re

• Inter-RAT HandoConsiderations

• International Roa

• Ongoing work on • Deployment Refe


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Introduction


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What is Voice over WiFi

Use of an IEEE802.11 WLAN forvocal conversation

Dedicated HW or“soft phone” on anyWi-Fi device

Until Recentlyoffered by OTT

(Skype) providers

Focus: MNO Wi-FiCalling

VoWiFi

• VoWiFi leverage funct

Networks• 60% Plus – Houses ha

or 4G coverage

• Most offices have som

areas

• VoWiFi solves many c

very efficiently and co

• Focus of this session

calling


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Voice over Wi-Fi Models and Value Cr

• Leverage 100s of MHz of freespectrum to enable all servicesto be delivered over Wi-Fi

• Address in-door coverage andcapacity without additionallicensed radio build out

• Become more relevasubscribers by offerincalling on non-SIM de

• Increase customerengagement/analyticwhen they are “off” thnetwork

Save Money Mak


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• Wi-Fi Carries over 80% ofMobile Data

Growing faster thansmartphone cellular data

• 802.11ac to address growth

demands

• Capability to addresscoverage/capacity issues

• Availability of nativeclient

Seamless support of cservices

• Identity Ecosystem

For non-UICC and codevices

• Wi-Fi could supportthan 80% of voice m

VoWiFi Elevator Pitch


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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

89

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

VoWiFi VoLTE VoIP

71%

VoWiFi Minutes of Use Exceed VoLTE by 20VoWiFi Accounts for 53% of Mobile IP Voice by 2019

53

41Minutes of

Use

(Trillions)

per Year

Source: ACG, Cisco VNI Global Mobile Data Traffic

629%


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VoWiFi Market Trends


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VoWiFi – Apple iOS 8 Wi-Fi Calling

Voice/Text over Wi-Fi

Standard based:

ePDG/IPSec 3GPP

23.402

Same Phone d

for 3G/4G/Wi-F

Voice Handover

between Wi-Fi/VoLTE

VoWiFi traffic goes to

Mobile Core; Others

goes local

Use VoLTE I


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VoWiFi to address coverage issues

• 60% Plus – Houses havelimited 2G, 3G or 4G coverage

• Most offices have somelimited coverage areas

• Challenges around Adoptionof Small Cell & DASdeployments

• VoWiFi solves many coverageissues very efficiently and costeffectively


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• Residential Good voice quality for people in their own homes

Non guaranteed QoS not expected to be a real challenge

• Restaurant / Coffee shop / … Open… does not mean immediately available... Need to connect first

Wi-Fi infrastructure may not be designed for voice. Coverage holes, Scalability, QoElikely to become an issue in some cases.

Backhaul capacity issues

• Enterprise 802.11n and now ac providing high capacity network

Security challenges (many enterprises block IPSec to external peers)

Require a Wi-Fi network designed with voice in mind to provide a good QoE

VoWiFi target segments


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Wi-Fi Calling & the influence on identity ecos

• Wi-Fi Calling and HS2.0 clients drivingnext phase in Non-UICC device

support

• Cisco ePDG supports EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and EAP-MSCHAPv2 for Non-UICC devices

• HS2.0 OSU support to start

managing/provisioning identities ofNon-UICC devices


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VoWiFi Solution Architect(Untrusted Wi-Fi Access Model)


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InteVoWiFi Solution Architecture• VoWifi Architecture requires:

ePDG

3GPP AAA

PGW with s2b support

PCRF

IMS Core infrastructure

TAS

VoWiFi capable UEs

HSS

• VoWiFi capable UE pre-loaded with operator profile

• UE discovers the ePDG using DNS lookup for ePDG FQDN – Statically or dynamically configured in Operator File

• UE establishes IPSec tunnel to ePDG

• ePDG sets up a PDN session to PGW on behalf of UE

• PGW allocates IP address and manages P-CSCF discovery – provides P-CSCF details to UE

• UE SIP registers with SBC/P-CSCF

• UE makes/receives call via IMS/TAS• P-CSCF discovery over IKE or operator profile

PGWHSS/HLR

Wi-Fi

access

ePDG

SWu

Untrusted network

(e.g. home/ent)

S2b

PMIPv6

GTPv2

SWm

SWn

IPSec

eNodeB

MME/S

W

3GPP access

S5/S8

ePDG

PGW

AAA

IMS/VoLTE

Cisco product

Cisco partner product

Non Cisco

VoWiFi over Untrusted WLAN to EPC Integration using e


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VoWiFi over Untrusted WLAN to EPC Integration using e

AP

AP

WLC

AP

AP

WLC

L3 Infra

ASR5K

ePDG

ASR5K

PGW

L3

HSS

AuC

3GPP

AAA Server

PCRF

S2b

IPSec Tunnel

between UE & ePDG

G f S


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ePDG as defined in Standards

SG

PCRF

Gx

HSS

S2b

SWn

UntrusNon-3G

Acce

HPLMN

Non-3GPPNetworks

PDNGateway

ePDG

Gxb

S2a

Gxa

TrustedNon-3GPP IP

Access

Gxc

S5

S6a

3GPP Access

ServingGateway

UE

SWu

• ePDG is part of the 3GPP LTESAE defined in 3GPP TS 23.402

• Responsible for interworkingbetween the EPC and un-trustednon-3GPP networks

• ePDG terminates IPSec tunnelsestablished/initiated by UEs viaun-trusted Wi-Fi network forsecure access to the EPC.

Wi-Fi Un-tru

Non-3GPP

PDG B i M i F ti


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ePDG Basics – Main Functions

• User Authentication and Authorization IKEv2 based on EAP-AKA

De-capsulation/Encapsulation of packets for IPSec

Tunnel authentication and authorization

APN authorization and PGW selection

Provide PGW identity for static address

• Tunnel and QoS mapping between S2b bearers and access network Mapping of S2b bearer(s) to SWu (IPSec) sessions

Mapping of dedicated bearers on S2b using TFT packet filters

DSCP marking and/or 802.1p tagging for QoS

• Routing of downlink packets towards the SWu instance associated toconnection; Transport level packet marking in the uplink;

Enforcement of QoS policies based on information received over S2b control plane


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PGW Function for VoWiFi service

• UE IP address allocation Sent to UE via ePDG

PCEF - Acts on instruction from IMS (via PCRF) to allocatededicated bearer for Voice

• DNS and P-CSCF server address discovery (andP-CSCF restoration)

• Anchor point for session HO between LTE andWi-Fi – S6b interface required

• Accounting - PGW CDRs – If required, typicallyIMS CDRs are used

• QoS implementation based on QCI


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ePDG Selection Procedures

• UE obtains DNS server address from AP

• UE generates ePDG FQDN andqueries DNS

• DNS returns IP address(es) ofePDG(s)

• UE initiates IPSec connection to

selected ePDG

High Level ePDG Call Flow Session Cre


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High Level ePDG Call Flow - Session Cre

UE ePDG PGW

1. IKEv2 SA_INIT

2. IKEv2 SA_INIT_RSP

3. IKEv2 AUTH_REQ

4. DER

5. DEA6. IKEv2 AUTH_RESP

7. IKEv2 AUTH_REQ 8. DER

9. DEA10. IKEv2 AUTH_RESP

11. IKEv2 AUTH_REQ

14. IKEv2 AUTH_RESP

12. Create Session Request

13. Create Session Response

V WiFi C ll t


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VoWiFi Call setup

UE PGW PCRF

9. RAA

ePDG

14. Create Bearer response

13. Create Bearer Request

8. AAA7. RAR

OCSOFCSP-

CSC

6. AAR

11. CCR

12. CCA

1. SIP RE-INVITE

3. Ro Call Control

10. 200 OK

LVC (Voice/Video) call ongoing on LTE (Dedicated Bearer)

LVC (Voice) call ongoing on LTE (Dedicated Bearer)

Ci PDG l ti


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Cisco ePDG solution

SAEGWPGW

H(e)NBGW

SAMOGePDG

Multiple

Hardware

Platforms

Cisco ASR

5k Series

Multimedia

Core Platforms

• Product line is optimized for maximum performance & capital effic

• Software functions work across multimedia core platforms

• N:1 internal redundancy (ASR5k) and 1:1 geographical redundan

Single Software

(StarOS)

SupportingMultiple Functions

Cisco ASR 5xxx

Flexibility and

Elasticity

Performance and

Scalability

Cisco Virtualized

Packet Core (vPC)

Cisco Virtual ePDG


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O p e n S t a c k

Cisco Virtual ePDG

Networking

Hardware: x86 server

VMware ESXi(OS + Hypervisor)

ePDGCisco StarOS

Linux Kernel

Networking

Hardware: x86 server

Ubuntu / RedHat (OS)

ePDGCisco StarOS

Linux Kernel

KVM (Hypervisor)

v S p h e r e / v C l o u d

• Integrated OS + Hypervisor

• Benefits of Hardware/Network Acceleration

• Single Vendor OS/Hypervisor (VMware)

• KVM as Hypervisor

• Full OS Implementation (Ubuntu / RedHat)

• Multi-Vendor “Open Source” Environment

VMware Ecosystem OpenStack Ecosystem

• Base on

hardware• Highly sc

can be aCPU/me

• Elasticitydemand

• Field Prosoftware


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Voice over trusted Wi-Fi Ac

VoWiFi over Trusted WLAN to EPC Integration using


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VoWiFi over Trusted WLAN to EPC Integration using

AP

AP

WLC Core Infra

ASR5K

TWAP

TWAG

ASR5K

PGWL3

HSS

AuC

3GPP

AAA Server

PCRF

S2a

CPNR

DHCP

DNS

Cisco

Prime

Infra.

Prime

Perf.

Manager

STa

CAPWAP

L3-GRE

L3-GRE L 2 - G R E

SWx

S6b

CM AP +MAG

CM AP +

EoGRE

Access Infra

SaMOG GW (LTE UMTS)


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SaMOG GW (LTE, UMTS)

P-GWAAA

TWAGTWAP

STa

(Diameter)

Radius

S2a

GTPv2

Local Breakout

Web Portal

DHCP

HSS

EAP-SIM Non EAP-SIM

internet

Packet Core

WiFi access

EoGREPMIPv6 / EoGRE

SWx

Gi

Gi

GGSN

Gn

GTPv1

WLCWLC

AP AP

SaMOG GW


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SaMOG GW

TWAP: Trusted WLAN AAA Proxy

• Subscriber authentication and authorization based on EPC credentials

EAP-AKA, EAP- AKA’ and EAP-SIM over Radius 3GPP Diameter STa interface support

Radius interface towards Trusted WLAN (WLC, AP)

• Subscriber session management (attach, detach and accounting triggers)

UE session establishment upon EAP success

UE session teardown based on Radius message from Trusted WLAN

Radius accounting message support

TWAG: Trusted WLAN Access Gateway

• Data path connectivity to EPC for Tunnel Switching and packet forwarding

S2a interface to the PGW (3GPP TR 23.852 )

GTPv2-C (control), GTP-U (for data)

Bearer management support

Cisco SaMOG GW – Key differentiators


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Cisco SaMOG GW Key differentiators

• 3GPP Complaint SaMOG GW plus Flow based LBO

• Authentication

EAP- AKA’ using Radius / Diameter

Web Authentication

• Local Breakout - Direct connectivity to the Internet

Policy-based APN selection, CDR generation, LegalIntercept

• Web Authorization

For non EAP-SIM UE (tablet, laptop)

• IP Session continuity for Rel 11 UEs

PGW anchor point preserved over LTE WiFihandovers

Challenges around VoWiFi over Trusted


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• 3GPP Rel.11 trusted Wi-Fi model did not place any UE req

for PDN connectivity• Rel.11 trusted Wi-Fi model cannot support APN signaling

simultaneous PDNs

• Assumes managed Wi-Fi access with secured SSID ( by tor partner)

• No client based secured tunnel between UE and packet co

Challenges around VoWiFi over Trusted


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Hybrid Solution for Wi-Fi Callin

Optimized Wi-Fi Calling over EPC based Car


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Optimized Wi Fi Calling over EPC based Car(Supported on Cisco ePDG)

NSWO + Wi-

Fi Calling

Client

Default APN

P-GW

S2a

IKEv2

allocated

2610:8dba:82e1:ffff::/64

DHCP

allocated

173.38.0.1

Default APN

Configuration

UE Pool:173.38.0.0/24

802.11

Host:

10.10.1.1

ePD

Includ

SWu

trave

functio

IP

IPv4

Internet

173.38.

DNS R

ePD

173.3

SIPTO

Enabled

TWAG

NAT

Outside Pool:

173.38.1.0/24

SIPTO

Match IP173.38.2.1

SWu

SWu

NSWO


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QoS Deployment Consideratio

LTE vs Wi-Fi Bearer Comparison


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LTE vs Wi Fi Bearer Comparison

eNodeBUE

Default Bearer (SIP)

QCI 5

Voice / QCI 1

Default Bearer (SIP)

QCI 5Default Bearer (SIP)

QCI 5

S1u S5

Voice / QCI 1 Voice / QCI 1

Video / QCI 2 Video / QCI 2 Video / QCI 2

Radio

UE

SIP, Voice, VideoDefault Bearer (SIP)

QCI 5

SWn

(IPSec)

S2b

Video / QCI 2

802.11

(IPSec)

SGW

AP

Voice / QCI 1WiFi QoS

WMM (802.11e)

DSCP based

ePDG

VoWiFi over untrusted access - E2E QoS


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Q

LTE QCI

QCI to IP

DSCP mapping

DSCP

Downlink

802.11e WMM

802.11acLTE QCI DSCP

Uplink

DSCP

802.11e WMM

802.11ac

QoS and Dedicated Bearer Creation


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QoS and Dedicated Bearer Creation

UE ePDG PGW PCRF IMS

1. Rx AAR / AAA

11. Create Bearer Request

3. Create Bearer Response

IM

an

E2. Gx RAR / RAA

P

on

AP

Voice traffic prioritized in

the SP network

AP

ePDG marks traffic on SWu

to allow AP to enable WMM

Fast re-auth improves

HO performanceIM

sa

an

Voice Quality and Requirement


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Internet

Voice Quality and Requirement

PGWEPDG

Wi-Fi VoIP – Control plane

IPSec VoIP – User plane

3GPP

AAA

SWm

• Bandwidth Requirement

Typically VoWiFi uses AMR-WB: 56.65 kbps per call

• Jitters and Latency

Latency: Propagation, transport, packetization, jitter buffer

Jitter: The variable arrival interval between packets

NAT

Ideal

One way

Latency/Delay


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Handset side requirementfor Wi-Fi Calling

Mobile handset Wi-Fi User trend


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Mobile handset Wi-Fi User trend

More than

90%

Native VoWiFi calling App


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Native VoWiFi calling App

Wifi Calling Native OTT

Client Native/embedded

with Phone OS (iOS,

Samsung & Nokia)

Downloaded as an

app

Dial Pad Same dial pad for

2/3/4G and VoWiFi

Different dial pad

between cellular and

VoWiFi

Wi-

Fi/Cellular mobility

VoWiFi/VoLTE

supported

Not supported. Voice

call will drop when Wi-Fi is lost

Native App

VoWiFi Handset support


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VoWiFi Handset support

• Wi-Fi Calling support in iPhone 5s/5c and iPhone 6/6+

A

• No native Android OS support yet

• Samsung S6/S6-Edge Wi-Fi calling in selected markets

• Microsoft's Lumia 640

Handset Dialer View


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Handset Dialer View• User will have

offload Voice

• UE will offload

when availabl

coverage is b

• Currently no m

where VoWiF

• Roaming use

utilize Wi-Fi w

internationally

• Handovers of are not suppo

23.402 , Cust

available thou

V WiFi id ti UE


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• Hosts SWu and IMS Clients – Natively embedded within the OS

UE Connection manager performs traffic steering/routing

• Performs ePDG selection static or dynamic FQDN of ePDG

Static – e.g. epdg.cisco.com

Dynamic – epdg.epc.mnc.mcc.pub.3gppnetwork.org - Allows selection of ePDG

• Initiates IPSEC tunnel establishment towards ePDG using IKEv2 (Includ

• Contains Identity for authentication

Idi in form of root NAI (IMSI@realm); Fast Reauth ID; X.509 certificate etc

• UE is pre-configured with operator profile/carrier bundle which defines a s

Criteria for RAT selection – based on RSSI and packet loss

Whether Inter RAT HO is supported – HO Can be enabled/disabled …. Etc

VoWiFi considerations on UE

Example parameters from carrier bu


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p p

• RAT Selection criteria Use Wi-Fi if RSSI threshold > -75dBM

Use Wi-Fi if packet loss < 2%

• Guard timer – 2 mins Used to avoid ping-pong between RAT Types

• IKE DPDEnabled – True

DPDInterval – 600s

DPDMaxRetries & Retry Interval – 4&10

• IMS Config EnableWiFiCallingWithoutEntitlement – True

P-CSCF - 192.168.1.1

defaultAuthAlgorithm - AKAv1-MD5

• Child SAs

ChildProtocol – ESP

DHGroup – 2

EncryptionAlgorithm – Array of p

IntegrityAlgorithm - Array of prot

Lifetime – 8640s

• Remote Address

epdg..com

• 3GPP Config

APN – IMS

SupportsVolteCapability – T


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Non SIM Handset access

Calling from PC tablets iPads


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Companion Device

Compete with Skype/Fa

One Number

Increase Service Stickin

Calling from PC, tablets, iPads

Re-use

infrastrsystem

Service across the

internet – across

devices

Proven, reliable,standard interfaces

Ho

Authenti

Devic

X.509 based authentication


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• As non UICC devices do not haveIMSI, customized vIMSI in formatsimilar to UICC IMSI uniquelyidentifying the non UICC deviceneeds to be shared by the device

• ePDG supports the X.509certificate based authenticationand also communicates with OCSP(Online Certificate Status Protocol)server for completing theauthentication.

• Once the authentication is done

ePDG communicates with AAAserver for ensuring the authorizationof the device.

• Operator need to establishCertificate management system forthe handset devices

EAP-TLS based EAP-TTLS ba


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EAP TLS basedauthentication

• EAP method encapsula

session

• Two phases

Handshake phase (server akey generation)

Data Phase (client authentic

• Handshake phase prov

channel for data phase

• Use MSCHAPv2 for auclient/device

• Reference RFC 5281

• Single phase

• EAP method encapsulating TLSsession

• Use certificates between UE & AAAserver for mutual authentication

• Reference -RFC 5216

S baauthenticatio


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Inter-RAT HandoverConsideration

Moving to Standard based handover (WiF


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Moving to Standard based handover (WiF

LTE to Wi-Fi inter RAT Hand Over


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• UE connects to LTE, selects PGW. MME updates HSSwith PGW ID over S6a (Notify)

• UE moves to Wi-Fi and sets up IPSec with HO indication.ePDG gets PGW ID over SWm and HSS

• ePDG sets up PDN connection with APGW finds the existing LTE session aaddress/services – PCRF updated if n

• PGW updates PGW FQDN over S6b tupdates HSS to ensure WiFi to LTE alPGW

ePDG

SGW

PGW

eUTRAN

WiFi

PCRF

Gx

S5

S2bMME

S6aS6b

SWmDNS

HSS 3GPP

AAA

Handover from Wi-Fi to 2G/3G


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• IMS Centralized Services entity – SCC (Service Centralization and Contprovides Call Continuity Function between WiFi and 2G/3G

• 3GPP defined Dual Radio VCC (DR-VCC) specification is utilized at Cliefor the handover from WiFi to 2G/3G. TS 23.237 – Dynamic STN metho

NodeB

PGW AP ePDG

RNC

IMS

2G/3

P/S

Handover of Active

call between Wi-Fi

and 2G/3G with Call

Continuity function

SCC ASMSC

WiFi to 2G/3G handover method


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SCC ASP/S-CSCF MCGF

MGW

NodeBRNC MSC/VLR

WiFi AP

VoWiFi Control Signaling path

VoWiFi Call Bearer path

2G/3G Control Signaling path

2G/3G Call Bearer path

Handover Control Signal

APN and IP Address Logic in UE


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ePD

SGW

MMELTE

Modem

Non 3GPP

Modem

WiFi

Modem

ConnectionManager

APN1

APN2

APN Connection

Policy

IP-WIPSec

IP2

IPSec

IP1

V i r t u al I P 2

V i r t u al I P 1

IP1

IP2

• Policy selects

seamless, non

seamless or LTE

access for each APN

• Virtual IP

interfaces hides

interface changes

on inter RAT events

• Connection manager

connects to Wi-Fi AP

i R

A T

L o gi c

• Connection threshold

management based on RSSI,

beacons, SNR, 802.11k and

802.11v, rate shifting


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International Roaming with

VoWiFi

International Roaming


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Existing

MSC/I

MSForeign

PLMN

Home P

OTTMSC/I

MS

OTT

ClientForeign

IP/Wifi

VoWifi

MSC/

IMSForeign

Wifi

ePDG/

PGW

Home MSISDN

OTT MSISDN

Home MSISDN

Home P

Home P

Same home mobile number for MO/MT

No need to pay expensive roaming charge

Same phone dialer for mobile and wifi call

Capture revenue long lost to OTT

No need to pay roaming partners

International Roaming Savings - Exam


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VoWiFi Challenges and work in progre


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• UE Support , IOS support is major driver - growing with Android and other OS.

• E911 calling – location and Handover

• Wi-Fi Infrastructure designed for voice in mind to ensure theQoE

• Wi-Fi calling location is becoming important

• Enterprise challenges (Enterprise blocking IPSec to externapeers)

g p g

A number of diverse drivers for location in WCalling


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• Charging/Taxation: Non-bundled consumption requires location to

Roaming typically not-bundled and hence countries need to apply tax rates acco

to country• Analytics: Operators would like to establish where Wi-Fi calling is

consumed .Can be used to target infrastructure investment or other offers

• Emergency calling: Need to provide PSAP with location where emis originated

• Regulatory: Location of Wi-Fi Calling target may be required to beLEA

• Authorization: Operators may desire to only authorize Wi-Fi callincertain locations

Calling


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Cisco VoWiFi References

VoWiFi : Wi-Fi Calling DeploymentsCi R f


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• First deployed in Verizon USA for iWLAN in 2013

• Wi-Fi Calling operators at iPhone 6 launch EE UK (Cisco ePDG) and T-Mobile USA (Cisco PGW)

• Cisco won VoWiFi: 2 major Tier-1 Mobile SP in USA

Major Tier-1 Mobile SP in Europe

• Other VoWiFi engagements: 17+ on-going trials

Cisco References

VoWiFi – WiFi Calling Deployment


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• EE announced WiFi Calling support at iPhone 6 launch

• Driver for WiFi Calling

Enhances indoor voice coverage Same price for VoLTE, VoWiFi and cellular calls

EE: You can use WiFi Calling anywhere there's no reception but there is areas or the London Underground.

• Other Operation details

IMS APN traffic goes to ePDG and all other data local breakout wifi IPSec tunnel always up when wifi connected. Capable for outgoing/inco

Voice service only at launch SMS to follow

Also plan to support Non-SIM devices

Cisco VoWiFi Differentiations


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Proven solution and Leader in VoWiFi

Multi-service software

Multi-platform: virtual, high scale

gateway

Hybrid trusted/untrusted solution

Enhanced VoWiFi Core

• Deployed in EE UK and Verizon USA

• ePDG contracts awarded by major tier-1 m

US and Europe

• ePDG, SAMOG GW, PGW, HNBGW in a s

• ePDG available in

• Dedicated HW: ASR5500, ASR500

• Virtual NFV x86 platform: vPC

• Co-existence of ePDG and SAMOG with o

routing

• Cisco ePDG offers access network visibilit

access whitelist/blacklist and other feature

• Security: DOS attack protection/mitigation

End to End VoWiFi Solution• Cisco Universal Wi-Fi on Access side

• StarOs based Packet Core

• Cisco Policy Suite , 3GPP AAA


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Thank You!

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