waja module 1 section b variables

7/31/2019 Waja Module 1 Section b Variables

1/16

CONTROLLING VARIABLES

The Variables

1. Manipulated variable or What to change. (tc)2. Responding variable or What to observe/measure (to)3. Constant variable or What to keep the same (same)

1. What to observe/measure (to)

- Thing that is being observed / measured /investigated / recorded / the result of aninvestigation.

2. What to change (tc)

- Thing that is changed or being manipulated in an investigation and it has an effect onthing that is observed.

3. What to keep the same

- Thing that is always the same and kept constant in an investigation.

Examples of questions:

a) Based on the investigation, state:

i) what to change / thing to change : ____________________________ ii) what to observe / thing to observe/measure : _____________________

b) State what to change in the investigation above___________________________________________________________

c) Write down two variables from the investigation above:

i) _________________________________________________________ ii) _________________________________________________________

d) From the data given, identify what to:

i) keep the same : ___________________________________________ ii) to change : ______________________________________________

iii) to observe/measure : ________________________________________

e) State what is kept the same in the investigation. ____________________________________________________________


2/16

EXERCISES

1. Razak, Kamila and Suresh conduct a study to determine the relationship between thedistance of the light source from the object and the length and the size of the shadow.They record their observations in the following table.

Distance of light sourcefrom object (cm)

Length of shadow(cm) Size of shadow (cm)

6 20 1610 16 X14 12 818 8 6

a. Based on the result above, state:

i. What to change

ii. What to observe

2. Three containers R, S and T, containing equal amounts of garden soil are planted with bean seedlings of the same height. The seedlings are planted 5 cm from each other. Thecontainer are left in the open and watered with the same amount of water daily. After

three weeks the average height of the seedlings in the containers are taken. The resultsare shown in the table.

Container Number of seedlings Average height of seedlingsP 3 16 cmQ 6 12 cmR 9 8 cm

In the investigation, state

i. what is being changed

ii. what is being measured

iii. what is kept the same


3/16

3. Four white mice are put into cage M and 12 into cage N. The cages are of similar size.In each cage, the number of males and females are the same. The mice in cage N aregiven the same amount of food and water as the mice in cage M each day. Each of themice in the cage M and N is weighed after 3 weeks. The average weight of the mice ineach cage is obtained.

Cage Number of mice Average mass of the miceM 4 72 g N 12 50 g

a. In the investigation above, state

i. What is being changed



..

4. In an investigation, three axes with different widths are used to chop wood. The table below shows the results of the investigation.

Axe P Q R Width of the back of the blade (mm) 3 6 9Number of wooden block chopped in 30 minutes 4 8 12

a. What is kept the same in this investigation?

.

b. State two variables from the investigation above.

i) .

ii)


4/16

5. 100ml of water is poured in a boiling tube and the temperature of water is measured.Then, the water is heated every 2 minutes until the minute of 6

Time (minute) 0 3 6Water temperature (C) 28 40 52

State the thing that is kept the same in the investigation.

.

6. An investigation is carried out to study the relationship between consumers and their sources of food in a habitat. It involved rats and snakes in a paddy field. Theobservations in the investigation are recorded in the following table.

Week 1 2 3 4Number of snake 9 14 18 23

Number of rats 48 38 32 22

a. In the investigation, state

i. What is being changed



. 7. The table below shows a result of the investigation that is carried out by Mariah.

Number of straws Weight that can be supported ( kg )3 0.46 1.09 1.4

12 2.0

a) State

i) What to change : _____________________________________

ii) What to observe: _____________________________________


5/16

8. The table below shows the time taken by four pupils to complete their Mathematics test.

In this activity,

i) What is kept the same : ______________________________________________

ii) What is measured : ______________________________________________

iii) What is being changed : _____________________________________________

9. The table shows an observation of an experiment that is conducted by a few pupils. Four different height of objects were used to support weight.

Object P Q R SMass that can besupported (g )

50 100 150 200

) State the

i) changed :__________________________________

ii) measured : _________________________________

10 . The diagram below shows three similar handkerchiefs being hung in different ways.

P Q R

In this investigation, state :i. what is changed.

.

ii. what is kept the same.

Pupil Time taken to complete the test ( minute )Rafiq 5

Akmal 10Danish 20Azhar 12


6/16

..

iii. what is observed.

..

11. A group of people are asked to construct three tower models of equalheight using manila cards. The three models constructed by the group are shown in table below.

Each model is placed on an inclined plane to investigate its stability. The results of thestudy is shown below

a. Based on the above figure, state the following

i. Thing to change

.ii. Thing to keep the same

12. Five seeds are placed in each of the beakers K, L and Mas shown indiagram below . All beakers are placed under a table for four days.

Model X Model Y Model Z

Model Y is the first to topple; followed by model X. Model Z does not topple


7/16

From the fair test above, state what to change and what to measure:

i) .

ii)

13. Maya carry out a fair test. Two mice are kept separately in two containers as shown indiagram2. Both containers are left for a week.

Diagram 2a)

b)

State the following:

i) What to change..............

ii) What to measure................

What must be kept the same in the fair test above?

14. A student carries out an experiment to show that sunlight is a basic need of plants.

State what must be :


8/16

i) changed .

ii) measured

iii) kept the same

15. The diagram below shows the phases of the Moon from the first to thefifteenth day based on the lunar calendar.

a) What to keep the same in the investigation above?.

16. A group of pupils arranged three models as shown in the diagram belowto investigate the stability of the models.

When the cardboard was inclined slowly, the pupils recorded their observations as follows:Model Z toppled over first, followed by model Y.Model Y toppled over first, followed by model X.

Based on the investigation above, state :

i. what is changed.

.

ii. what is kept the same.

..

cardboard

models of polystyrene


9/16

iii. what is observed.

...

17. Samy and his friends are carrying out an investigation.

Diagram 1 (i) shows Samy is trying to move a load by using a lever. He finds it isdifficult to move the load.

Diagram 6 (i)

Samy moves the fulcrum closer to the load as shown in Diagram 1 (ii).Then he finds that it is easier to move the load.

Diagram 6 (ii)

a) Based on the experiment, state two variables

i) .

ii). .


10/16

b) What to keep the same in the experiment.

.

18. Diagram 8 shows an investigation carried out by a group of pupils.

Based on the fair test above, statei. what is changed,

iii. what is kept the same.

19. Selvi pours 100 ml of milk and 100 ml of shampoo in to two beakers respectively. Sherecords the time taken for each liquid to flow completely.

i) What is observed in this activity?

young plants

flower pot


11/16

ii) What is kept the same ?

.

20. In an investigation, a group of pupils use a spring-powered toy car.

The table below shows their observations

Number of times thespring is wound

Distanced traveled(cm)

Time taken(second)

3 40 105 40 87 40 6

State two variables in this investigation

..

..

21. Jeane carries out an investigation by rolling three balls of different massdown an inclined plane. The balls would hit a wooden block and the distance the block moves is recorded

The table below shows the result of the experiment.

Ball Mass of the ball (g) Distance the wooden block moves (cm)K 100 6.5

ball Woodenblock

Incline plane


12/16

L 200 8.0M 300 10.3

From this investigation, state

i) what to change : ..

ii) what to measure :

22. An investigation has been carried out by Khairi on three different liquidsJ,K and L in threedifferent small beakers.

J K L

The results of the investigations shown in the table below

Type of liquid Effect on litmus paperJ Blue litmus paper changes to redK Red litmus paper changes to blueL No changes of red and blue litmus paper

From the result of the fair test above, state :

i) What to change : ..

ii) What to observe : ..

23. Dinie tries to break two rulers of the same size but made up of different materials. Her observations are recorded in the following table. Answer the following questions.

Plastic ruler Steel ruler

Type of ruler ObservationPlastic ruler Can be broken


13/16

Steel ruler Cannot be broken

a) State the thing that is

i) changed : _____________________________________________________

ii) observed :_____________________________________________________

24.

Harvesting method Land size (hectar)

Human labour 1.5

Harvesting machine 5

State the thing that is

i) changed :

_____________________________________________________

ii) observed :_____________________________________________________

25.


14/16

The picture above shows three plastic pyramids K, L and M that are put on the table. Thetable is shaken for a few seconds.

Based on the investigation above, state

i) What to change : _____________________________________

ii) What to observe : _____________________________________

26. The figure below shows two activities X and Y that are carried out by Faizal. Activity X

shows the heaviest object that Faizal can lift without using any pulley. Activity Y shows theheaviest object that Faizal can lift using one pulley.

Activity X Activity Y

The observation of the investigation is as follows :

Activity Number of pulley The weight of object thatcan be lifted

X 0 7 kgY 1 14 kg

.27. The diagram below showsthree models A, B and C.

a) In this investigation, state the thing that is

i) changed : ___________________________

ii) measured : __________________________


15/16

Statethe thingthat is

i) cha nged:

_________________________________________________

ii) observed : _________________________________________________

28.

A B

Wooden blocks Height ( cm ) Time taken to topple

A 10 12B 30 4

Two wooden blocks are placed on a table, as shown in the above picture. Then, the table is shakengently until both wooden blocks topple down. The time taken for each wooden block to topple isrecorded as shown in the table.

a) In this fair test state the thing that are :

i) changed : __________________________________________________

ii) measured : __________________________________________________

iii) kept the same : __________________________________________________


16/16

END OF QUESTION PAPER

waja module 1 section b variables

Documents