War of 1812War of 1812War of 1812War of 1812

War Battles and StrategyWar Battles and Strategy

• The struggle began with The struggle began with William Henry William Henry HarrisonHarrison, governor of Indiana, and , governor of Indiana, and TecumsehTecumseh, a Shawnee Indian leader at , a Shawnee Indian leader at TippecanoeTippecanoe Indiana Indiana

• By June 1812, Madison became the By June 1812, Madison became the first U.S. President to ask Congress first U.S. President to ask Congress for a declaration of warfor a declaration of war

• From 1812-1814 the U.S. was on the From 1812-1814 the U.S. was on the offensive trying to take Canada and offensive trying to take Canada and lost every major battle they launchedlost every major battle they launched

• In 1814, the British began to win their In 1814, the British began to win their battle with France and turned their battle with France and turned their attention to Americaattention to America

StrategiesStrategies

• The British strategy had 3 partsThe British strategy had 3 parts– raid American cities along the coastraid American cities along the coast– take New York, and cut off New England take New York, and cut off New England

from the rest of the countryfrom the rest of the country– seize New Orleans, and cut off the seize New Orleans, and cut off the

Mississippi River to Western FarmersMississippi River to Western Farmers

Essex JuntoEssex Junto• A secret society that began to try A secret society that began to try

talk the New England states into talk the New England states into secessionsecession

• The Hartford ConventionThe Hartford Convention• Very unpopular at the end of the Very unpopular at the end of the

war…unpatriotic!war…unpatriotic!• Secession!Secession!

• In August 1814, the British attack In August 1814, the British attack Washington D.C. and burnt down the Washington D.C. and burnt down the president’s housepresident’s house

• The same troops were turned away The same troops were turned away by the U.S. in the defense of Fort by the U.S. in the defense of Fort McHenry, - Francis Scott Key wrote McHenry, - Francis Scott Key wrote the the Star Spangled BannerStar Spangled Banner

• The British attempts to take New The British attempts to take New York were turned away by the U.S. York were turned away by the U.S. Navy at the battle of Navy at the battle of Lake ChamplainLake Champlain

• The Treaty of Ghent, negotiated by The Treaty of Ghent, negotiated by James Monroe, ended the war on Dec. James Monroe, ended the war on Dec. 24, 181424, 1814

• General General Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson became a became a national hero in his victory over the national hero in his victory over the British at the British at the Battle of New OrleansBattle of New Orleans

Chapter 7Chapter 7

Growth and Growth and DivisionDivision

(1816 -1832)(1816 -1832)

Chapter 7Chapter 7

Growth and Growth and DivisionDivision

(1816 -1832)(1816 -1832)

Chapter 7Chapter 7Section 1Section 1

American American NationalismNationalism

The Election of 1816The Election of 1816[The Demise of the Federalist Party!][The Demise of the Federalist Party!]

James Monroe [1816-1824]James Monroe [1816-1824]

““The Era of Good Feeling”The Era of Good Feeling”

• Emphasized National Pride• With the Election of 1816,

the Federalist party disappeared (only one

party)

Economic NationalismEconomic Nationalism

The 2The 2ndnd National BankNational Bank

• Introduced by John C. Calhoun and backed by Henry Clay and Daniel Webster

• Became law in 1816

Tariffs & Internal Tariffs & Internal ImprovementsImprovements

• After the War of 1812, British goods were cheap

• Revenue Tariff vs. Protective Tariff

• Tariff of 1816-protective tariff

• Internal Improvements: – National Road– Erie Canal 1825

Major Supreme Court Major Supreme Court DecisionDecision

1816-1824 (Marshall Court)1816-1824 (Marshall Court)

• Martin vs Hunter’s Lessee• Fletcher v. Peck

• McCulloch v. Maryland• Cohens v. Virgina• Gibbons v. Ogden

• Worchester v. Georgia

Page 242Page 242

Nationalist Diplomacy:Nationalist Diplomacy:Problems with FloridaProblems with Florida

• Runaway slaves and Native Americans ran away to Florida (Controlled by Spain)

• Made South mad• U.S. was warned to stay out of FL• Jackson went in sent by Monroe• Scared Spain that we may take it over• Adams-Onis Treaty was signed (1819)• Florida Purchase Treaty

Alabama becomes a Alabama becomes a state!!!!!state!!!!!

• 1815: People move to Miss. territory after the War of 1812– Cheap land

• 1817: AL becomes a territory; MS becomes a state.

• 1818: AL population large enough to apply for statehood

• 1819: President Monroe admits Alabama into the union as the 22nd State!!!!

The Election of 1820The Election of 1820

The Monroe DoctrineThe Monroe Doctrine18231823

• Written by John Quincy Adams

• Stated that the Western Hemisphere was closed to European colonization

• Defensive or Aggressive F.P.?

Chapter 7Chapter 7Section 2Section 2

Early IndustryEarly Industry

Transportation RevolutionTransportation Revolution

•CanalsCanals•RoadsRoads

•SteamboatsSteamboats•TrainsTrains

The Erie CanalThe Erie Canal

From Albany to Buffalo

363 Miles

From Albany to Buffalo

363 Miles

The National RoadThe National Road

The SteamboatThe Steamboat

• Invented by Robert Fulton• The Clermont—went 150 miles up the Hudson

River

The Iron HorseThe Iron Horse

• Developed by Peter Cooper• Tom Thumb—Pulled the nation’s first

passengers

The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution• Samuel Slater and

Francis C. Lowell– Used British technology

to modernize U.S. industry

• Eli Whitney– Invented the cotton gin

and popularized the concept of interchangeable parts

• Samuel F.B. Morse– Created Morse code and

the telegraph

UrbanizationUrbanization(Rise of cities)(Rise of cities)

• People began to move to the cities

• Workers began to organize– Early labor unions– Mostly ruled

unconstitutional

Chapter 7Chapter 7Section 3Section 3

The Land of CottonThe Land of Cotton

Sec 3 The Southern Sec 3 The Southern EconomyEconomy

• After Eli Whitney invented the After Eli Whitney invented the Cotton Gin Cotton Gin in 1793in 1793

• textile mills that were booming in Britain textile mills that were booming in Britain wanted more and more cottonwanted more and more cotton

• Demand for cotton created demand for slave labor

• From 1820-1860, slavery tripled

Southern SocietySouthern Society

• Top Class was the planters

• Then Yeoman farmers

• Then Poor

• Then Slaves

SlaverySlavery• Task System-free

time after tasks done• Gang System-worked

all day (led by a driver)

• Slave Codes-state laws that stripped African Americans of basic human rights. Used frequently…written laws.

AA CultureAA Culture• Songs• Religion• Resistance and

Rebellion- – Broke tools, worked

slowly

• Nat Turner– Killed more than 50

white men, women, and children

Anti-Slavery MovementAnti-Slavery Movement

• Frederick DouglasFrederick Douglas was a former slave was a former slave who became a who became a leader of the leader of the antislavery antislavery movementmovement

Chapter 7Chapter 7Section 4Section 4

Growing SectionalismGrowing Sectionalism

The Missouri CompromiseThe Missouri Compromise

• Sectional disputes were growing

• Missouri requested to become a slave state in 1819s

• This would upset the balance (The U.S. had 11 free and 11 slave)

• Upset the North’s view of containment.

• Maine was admitted as a free state and Missouri was admitted as a slave state

• It also forbade slavery north of the 36,30 latitude

The Election of 1824:The Election of 1824:The “Corrupt Bargain”The “Corrupt Bargain”

11stst time to count the popular vote time to count the popular vote

Candidate #1Candidate #1Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson

• Republican• Tennessee• Focused on his

heroism during the Battle of New Orleans

• Avoided specific issues

Candidate #2Candidate #2Henry ClayHenry Clay

• Republican• Speaker of the House• Kentucky• The American System– National Bank– Internal Improvements– Protective Tariff

• Known as a Great Compromiser

Candidate #3Candidate #3John Quincy AdamsJohn Quincy Adams

• Republican• Massachusetts• Served as Monroe’s

Secretary of State• In favor of internal

improvements but not a big fan of tariffs

Candidate #4Candidate #4William CrawfordWilliam Crawford

• Republican• Georgia• Secretary of War• State’s rights and

strict interpretation of the Constitution

The Election of 1824• AJ won popular vote • No majority in Electoral vote• HOR had to choose from the

top three• Clay (eliminated) as speaker

of the House pushes JQA as president

• Clay was named Sec. of State• Many believed corruption was

there• AJ’s supporters split from the

Republican party and called themselves Democrats

John Quincy Adams as John Quincy Adams as PresidentPresident

• Did not get along well with Congress

• He had many of the Federalists ideas like his daddy!

Election of 1828Election of 1828

• JQA vs. Andrew Jackson

• Mudslinging

• Jackson won