warm-up #19.3 (25.4) 8.what term describes a government policy that allows businesses to set their...
TRANSCRIPT
Warm-up #19.3 (25.4)
8. What term describes a government policy that allows businesses to set their own policies with no interference?
9. Adam Smith is to capitalism as Karl Marx is to ________.
10. What is a voluntary association for workers seeking reform?
11. What areas saw reform as a result of the industrial revolution?
8. Laissez-faire
9. Communism
10.Union
11.Ended slavery, women’s rights, public education, prisoner treatment
Chapter 27The Age of Imperialism
1850-1914
Sections 1, 4, and 5
Section 1The Scramble for Africa
Origins of Imperialism
Imperialism refers to the seizure (conquer) of a country/territory by a stronger country
Much of the imperialism in the 1800s was a result of industrialization Need for resources (Africa is
abundant)
Imperial nations would change the politics, economy, and culture of the weaker countries
Pre-Europe Africa
Hundreds of divisions based on language and ethnic groups
Most had traditional beliefs Some Muslims and Christians
Political units ranged from large empires to independent villages
African armies had been successful at keeping Europeans out until 1880
European Supremacy
National pride led to Europeans believing that the size of their Empire revealed their strength Created a race to “plant a flag” on
as much of the world as possible
Social Darwinism supported the European belief that it was their right and duty to take weaker nations over In its extreme, this is racism
Challenges Fade
Africa had been a challenge for Europe for 400 years, but the developments in the 1800s changed that
Maxim Gun (first automatic machine gun)
Steam engine made the interior accessible Railroads and cable
communication kept it connected
New medicine (malaria)
Diversity (language/culture) of Africa made it easier to divide and conquer
Berlin Conference
The discovery of new resources (gold and diamonds) led to all Europeans wanting to colonize Africa
Fearing war, they decided to meet in Berlin in 1884-5 to set the rules for division Completely ignored ethnic
divisions (no Africans in attendance)
The agricultural needs of Europeans (CASH CROPS: cotton, peanuts, palm oil, cocoa, rubber) superseded the African farmers food needs
Competition for South Africa
Fought over by Africans (Zulu-under the leadership of Shaka), the Dutch (Boers), and the British The British defeated the Zulu in
1887
The Dutch had been farming in S. Africa since 1652. Dutch farmers were called Boers British will claim the land in the
1800s
The British and the Dutch will fight the for control in 1899 (Boer War) Britain wins but allows the Boers to
remain
Types of Control
Four types of control: Colony
Protectorate
Sphere of influence
Economic imperialism
Direct vs Indirect control Indirect – used in the Pacific Islands
and the US by the British
Allowed the local rulers to maintain most control
Direct – French
Based on the idea of paternalism (colony needed somebody to show them the “right” way to do things)
Involved forcing the colonized people to assimilate (give up their culture)
And Now…
Imperialism Project Sign up for a country (2 people can choose each country)
While you may work with the person who has the same country, you will both need to upload your own file.
Open the description of the assignment and then open the presentation template. Make sure you immediately save it with your name and the name of the country. (EX: Gibson – India)
Due: Monday, March 9
Industrial Revolution Project Continue working on your project
Due: Monday, March 9
Warm-up #19.4 (27.1)
12. What was the name of the meeting where the rules for colonial division of Africa took place in 1884?
13. Why did Africans not have enough food during European imperialism?
14. Why did the Europeans feel the need to have the Berlin Conference?
12.Berlin Conference
13.Europeans forced them to grow cash crops
14.Prevent European nations from going to war
Section 4British Imperialism in India
British Take Control
Began in the 1600s with the British East India Company setting up trading posts Gained political power over time
The BEIC (Company) employed Indian soldiers (sepoys) in its own army
Following the Industrial Revolution, India became the “jewel in the crown” of the British Empire because it was the most valuable of all the colonies 300 million workers (more than 25% of
the world) & consumers
Raw materials
They imposed the same rules as the Navigation Acts in the American colonies
Impact of Colonialism India’s importance continued to grown
throughout the 1800s
Benefits:
Created the world’s 3rd largest railroad network
Modernized the economy
Connected the regions of India
Sanitation
Education
Healthcare
Security
Negatives:
No independent political/economic power
Emphasis on cash crops
Loss of culture as a result of missionaries/racism
Sepoy Mutiny
By 1850, there was a growing movement of discontent in India
A cultural “misunderstanding” (beef/pork fat used to grease rifles) led to a strike by the Sepoys British respond with
imprisonment
Soldiers rebel
The rebellion lasted more than a year but was eventually won by the British More fear of Muslim control than
British control
The Raj
As a result of the mutiny, the British government took direct control in 1858
Loyal Indian princes maintained the power they held prior to the rebellion The British slowly took this away
too
Resentment of the British would continue to grow in India
Nationalism in India
India began to “westernize” in the 1800s. Many felt the “old ways” made them easy to dominate
During the late 1800s, more and more Indians resented being 2nd class in their own country (could not hold top positions)
Two groups emerge Indian National Congress (1885)
Muslim League (1906)
These groups will eventually both begin to seek self-government
And Now…
Reminder: CH 27 VOCAB QUIZ TOMORROW
Imperialism Project Sign up for a country (2 people can choose each country)
While you may work with the person who has the same country, you will both need to upload your own file.
Open the description of the assignment and then open the presentation template. Make sure you immediately save it with your name and the name of the country. (EX: Gibson – India)
Due: Monday, March 9 (By the end of class)
Industrial Revolution Project Continue working on your project
Due: Friday, Mar 13 (beginning of class)
AND NOW…
Work on your Industrial Revolution Project(s) Due Friday if hardcopy (Sunday if emailed/uploaded to
Moodle)
All written components must be typed
Study vocabulary for tomorrow’s vocab quiz There will be very little time to study during class
Keep taking the USA Test Preps
Warm-up #20.1 (27.4)
1. Why was India called the “jewel in the crown”?
2. What was the direct result of the Sepoy Mutiny?
1. It was the most valuable of all the English colonies
2. Britain tightened its control of the colony
Section 5Imperialism in Southeast Asia
Pacific Rim
Western nations began to look to the Pacific Rim (region of countries surrounding the Pacific Ocean) as a strategic location for Chinese trade
Also, these countries had natural resources Agriculture, minerals, oil
In the early 1700s, the Dutch, British, French, and Germans had already established control in SE Asia
Foreign Control
The Dutch (Indonesia) sought permanent residence on plantations
Created a social class system in Indonesia
The British (Malaysia) were competing with the Dutch.
Wanted a trading base between India and China
Conquered Malaysia, encouraged Chinese immigration, and outnumbered the Malays
The French imitated the Dutch but did it on the mainland (French Indochina)
Eventually they will export food while the Vietnamese go hungry
Led to resistance
Colonial Impact
As was the case in India, colonialism in SE Asia had mixed results
Benefits: Economies grew
Infrastructure improved (roads, harbors, railroads)
Education, health, and sanitation
Problems: The millions of people migrating
to work on plantations and in the mines led to racial/religious clashes that still occur today
US Imperialism: The Philippines
As a result of the Spanish American War (1898), the US gained control of Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam
Some Filipinos demanded, and fought for, immediate independence Led by Emilio Aguinaldo
The US fought that movement and won in 1902
Pros and Cons: We built roads, hospitals, and schools BUT we also encouraged cash crops, reducing food supplies
US Imperialism: Hawaii
Strategic location made it enticing since 1790
American sugar plantations began being created in the 1820s
Very successful (75% of Hawaii’s GDP)
This economic power eventually affected politics
1890 Tariff led to calls for annexation (adding the territory to the US)
Queen Liliuokalani (1893) attempted to return power to the natives
US businessmen overthrew her and claimed control, seeking annexation
Hawaii was annexed in 1898
And Now… CH 27 VOCAB QUIZ TOMORROW
Open note – available over the weekend
Imperialism Project Sign up for a country (2 people can choose each country)
While you may work with the person who has the same country, you will both need to upload your own file.
Open the description of the assignment and then open the presentation template. Make sure you immediately save it with your name and the name of the country. (EX: Gibson – India)
Due: Monday, March 9 (By the end of class)
Industrial Revolution Project Continue working on your project
Due: Friday, Mar 13 (beginning of class)