us history ch 19.3
TRANSCRIPT
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U.S. History
Chapter 19: The Civil WarSection 4: Life During the War
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Freeing the Slaves
•Lincoln supported freeing slaves if it would help the Northern war effort
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Freeing the Slaves
• Problems:
– Northern prejudice
– Slaves considered property
– No constitutional power to end slavery
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Freeing the Slaves
•Military order
•Emancipation Proclamation—declared slaves free in those areas controlled by the Confederacy
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Freeing the Slaves
• July 22, 1862: Lincoln discusses emancipation with cabinet
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Freeing the Slaves
•Advised to wait
•Announced after victory at Antietam
•Issued September 22, 1863
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Freeing the Slaves
•100 days to lay down arms
•Effective January 1, 1863
•Encouraged slaves to escape to Union lines
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African Americans & the War
• Union navy permitted African American to volunteer
• Calls to allow African Americans in Union Army
• Practical reason: need for soldiers
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African Americans & the War
• July 1862: Congress allows African Americans to serve as laborers
• 1862: War Department allows contrabands to join Union Army
•Contrabands—escaped slaves
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African Americans & the War
• 54th Massachusetts—infantry unit consisting mostly of African Americans who played a role in the capture of Ft. Wagner
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African Americans & the War
• 180,000 served in Union army
• Less pay
• Served under white officers
• Danger from Confederates
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Problems in the North
•Problems
–Emancipation
–Length of war
–Casualties
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Problems in the North
• Copperheads—northern Democrats who opposed the war
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Problems in the North
•Other problems:
–March 1863: enactment of draft
–Suspension of habeas corpus
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Problems in the North
•Habeas corpus—constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment
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Southern Struggles
•Naval blockade cut off supplies
•Prices shot up
•Draft law (exclusions)
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Life on the Home Front
• Young & old worked in factories & farms
• Southern women ran farms and plantations
• Women played role in providing medical care
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Life on the Home Front
Dorthea Dix Clara Barton
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Life on the Home Front
•Uncomfortable, unhealthy camps
•Twice as many soldiers died from disease
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