1. U.S. History Chapter 19:The Civil War Section 4:Life During the War

2. Freeing the Slaves

Lincoln supported freeing slaves if it would help the Northern war effort

3. Freeing the Slaves

Problems:

• Northern prejudice

• Slaves considered property

• No constitutional power to end slavery

4. Freeing the Slaves

Military order

Emancipation Proclamation declared slaves free in those areas controlled by the Confederacy

5. Freeing the Slaves

July 22, 1862:Lincoln discusses emancipation with cabinet

6. Freeing the Slaves

Advised to wait

Announced after victory at Antietam

Issued September 22, 1863

7. Freeing the Slaves

100 days to lay down arms

Effective January 1, 1863

Encouraged slaves to escape to Union lines

8. 9. African Americans & the War

Union navy permitted African American to volunteer

Calls to allow African Americans in Union Army

Practical reason:need for soldiers

10. African Americans & the War

July 1862:Congress allows African Americans to serve as laborers

1862:War Department allows contrabands to join Union Army

Contrabands escaped slaves

11. 12. 13. African Americans & the War

54th Massachusetts infantry unit consisting mostly of African Americans whoplayed a role in the capture of Ft. Wagner

14. 15. African Americans & the War

180,000 served in Union army

Less pay

Served under white officers

Danger from Confederates

16. Problems in the North

Problems

• Emancipation

• Length of war

• Casualties

17. Problems in the North

Copperheads northern Democrats who opposed the war

18. Problems in the North

Other problems:

• March 1863:enactment of draft

• Suspension ofhabeas corpus

19. Problems in the North

Habeas corpus constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment

20. Southern Struggles

Naval blockade cut off supplies

Prices shot up

Draft law (exclusions)

21. Life on the Home Front

Young & old worked in factories & farms

Southern women ran farms and plantations

Women played role in providing medical care

22. Life on the Home Front Dorthea Dix Clara Barton 23. Life on the Home Front

Uncomfortable, unhealthy camps

Twice as many soldiers died from disease

24.