Warm up

• THE PERIOD AFTER THE CIVIL WAR (FROM 1865-1877) IS KNOWN AS “RECONSTRUCTION”. KNOWING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED ABOUT THE CIVIL WAR, WHAT DO YOU THINK THE GOALS OF RECONSTRUCTION WILL BE?

THE DEBATE OVER RECONSTRUCTION

SETTING THE STAGE• IN THE MONTHS AFTER THE CIVIL WAR

ENDED, THE NATION BEGAN TO REBUILD AND REUNITE. ALMOST IMMEDIATELY, FIERCE STRUGGLES BEGAN OVER HOW LONG IT SHOULD TAKE TO RESTORE THE SOUTHERN STATES TO THE UNION AND HOW PUNITIVE RECONSTRUCTION SHOULD BE.

LINCOLNS PLAN• AFTER THE CIVIL WAR, THE SOUTHS ECONOMY WAS IN

SHAMBLES• THE PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS FOCUSED ON

RECONSTRUCTION = REBUILDING• LINCOLN WANTED TO BRING THE SOUTH BACK INTO THE

UNION WITHOUT PUNISHING IT.• HIS PLAN CALLED FOR AMNESTY TO ALL SOUTHERNERS

WHO TOOK AN OATH OF LOYALTY TO USA (LEADERS AND OFFICERS EXCLUDED)

• 10 % TAKEN OATH = NEW STATE GOVERNMENT

RADICAL REPUBLICANS• A GROUP KNOWN AS RADICAL REPUBLICANS OPPOSED

LINCOLNS PLAN• WANTED TO PREVENT CONFEDERATE LEADERS FROM

RETURNING TO POWER• WANTED FEDERAL GOV’T TO BECOME POWERFUL IN SOUTH

TO ENSURE SUFFRAGE FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS• MILITARY RULE TO ENSURE AFRICAN AMERICAN VOTING

RIGHTS

WADE - DAVIS BILL• WADE DAVIS BILL EVENTUALLY GETS SUPPORT FROM

MODERATE REPUBLICANS• CALLED FOR MOST WHITE MEN IN A FORMER CONFEDERATE

STATE TO TAKE AN OATH OF LOYALTY TO THE UNION• EACH STATE WOULD HAVE TO ABOLISH SLAVERY AND DENY

FORMER CONFEDERATE LEADERS TO VOTE OR HOLD OFFICE

• LINCOLN BLOCKED PASSAGE WITH A POCKET VETO

FREEDMEN’S BUREAU

• AFTER THE WAR, NEWLY FREED AFRICAN AMERICANS, OR FREEDMEN, STRUGGLED TO SURVIVE

• NORTHERNERS BELIEVED FREEDMEN SHOULD BE GIVEN CONFEDERATE LANDS

• CONGRESS DID NOT SUPPORT TAKING THE LAND OF PLANTATION OWNERS

• CONGRESS FORMED THE FREEDMEN’S BUREAU TO HELP FEED, CLOTH, AND FIND JOBS FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS

• ALSO PROVIDED AN EDUCATION• HELPED START COLLEGES TO TRAIN AFRICAN AMERICAN

TEACHERS

JOHNSON TAKES OFFICE• ANDREW JOHNSON BECAME PRESIDENT AFTER LINCOLN

WAS ASSASSINATED• HIS PLAN WAS SIMILAR TO LINCOLNS• HE OFFERED PARDONS TO THOSE THAT TOOK AN OATH• IMPORTANT CONFEDERATE OFFICIALS AND OFFICERS WERE

NOT ALLOWED TO RECEIVE PARDONS• TO RETURN TO UNION, EACH STATE HAD TO RATIFY THE 13TH

AMENDMENT AND REJECT ALL CIVIL WAR DEBTS• HOWEVER, SOUTHERN VOTERS ELECTED FORMER

CONFEDERATE LEADERS TO THE SENATE

BLACK CODES• BLACK CODES LIMITED AFRICAN AMERICAN RIGHTS = KEEP

THEM IN CONDITIONS OF SLAVERY• LICENSES FOR NON-AGRICULTURAL JOBS• LABOR AND APPRENTICSHIP CONTRACTS

RADICAL REPUBLICANS TAKE CONTROL• REPUBLICANS IN CONGRESS SET THEIR OWN

RECONSTRUCTION PLANS = CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1866• ALLOWED AFRICAN AMERICANS TO OWN PROPERTY AND

RECEIVE EQUAL TREATMENT IN COURT• 14TH AMENDMENT = GRANTS CITIZENSHIP TO ALL PEOPLE

BORNIN USA, AND GAURANTEES EQUAL PROTECTION OF LAW

MILITARY RECONSTRUCTION• REPUBLICANS PASSED THE MILITARY RECONSTRUCTION ACT

• DIVIDED CONFEDERACY INTO 5 DISTRICTS. WITH A UNION GENERAL IN CHARGE OF EACH.

• EACH FORMER CONFEDERATE STATE MUST DRAW UP NEW CONSTITUTION AND GRANTED ALL MALES THE RIGHT TO VOTE

• EACH STATE HAD TO RATIFY THE 14 AMENDMENT BEFORE BEING ABLE TO ELECT PEOPLE TO CONGRESS

• RADICAL REPUBLICANS IMPEACHED JOHNSON FOR FEAR HE WOULD NOT SUPPORT PLAN

• JOHNSON WAS NOT CONVICTED, BUT HE DID NOT RUN FOR OFFICE AGAIN

• REPUBLICANS PASSED THE 15TH AMENDMENT = GUARANTEES AFRICAN AMERICANS RIGHT TO VOTE

Activity

• 1) read pages 356-363. Complete “recalling facts worksheet”

• 2) Primary Source Document “Reconstruction” (As a group)

Reflection

• WHAT WERE THE 3 MAIN GOALS OF RADICAL REPUBLICANS?

• IN WHAT AREA DID THE FREEDMEN’S BUREAU HAVE THE MOST IMPACT?

• WHAT WERE BLACK CODES?

• WHAT WERE THE MAIN PROVISIONS OF THE MILITARY RECONSTRUCTION ACT?

Warm up

• WHAT WERE THE 3 MAIN GOALS OF RADICAL REPUBLICANS?

• IN WHAT AREA DID THE FREEDMEN’S BUREAU HAVE THE MOST IMPACT?

• WHAT WERE BLACK CODES?

• WHAT WERE THE MAIN PROVISIONS OF THE MILITARY RECONSTRUCTION ACT?

REPUBLICAN RULE

• UNDER THE REPUBLICAN CONTROLLED CONGRESS, THE SOUTH BEGAN TO REBUILD.

• DURING THIS TIME, AFRICAN AMERICANS GAINED SOME NEW OPPORTUNITEIS, PARTICULARLY IN POLITICS, WHILE SOME WHITE SOUTHERNERS ORGANIZED TO RESIST CHANGE THAT WERE OCCURING.

• SOUTH CAROLINA STATE LEGISLATURE CONTROLLED BY AFRICAN AMERICANS!

CARPETBAGGERS AND SCALAWAGS

• CARPETBAGGERS = NORTHERNERS SEEKING TO EXPLOIT THE SOUTH (SOUTHERN VIEW)

• SCALAWAGS = SOUTHERNERS THAT SUPPORT REPUBLICAN POLICIES (RECONSTRUCTION)

• REALITY = MANY “CARPETBAGGES” WERE HONEST AND PROVIDED MONEY AND EFFORT TO REBUILDING SOUTH AND HELPING AFRICAN AMERICANS. BUT……

• SOME DID EXPLOIT SOUTHERNERS

AFRICAN AMERICAN CHURCHES• CHURCHES BECAME CENTERS FRO AFRICAN AMERICAN

COMMUNITIES. • HOUSED SCHOOLS, HOSTED SOCIAL AND POLITICAL

EVENTS, PROVIDED RECREATION, AND EVEN ACTED AS COURTS

A DESIRE TO LEARN• MANY AFRICAN AMERICANS SOUGHT AN

EDUCATION.• IN THE FIRST YEAR OF RECONSTRUCTION, THE

FREEDMEN’S BUREAU ESTABLISHED SCHOOLS FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS ACROSS THE SOUTH

KU KLUX KLAN FORMS

• AFRICAN AMERICANS FACED INTENSE RESENTMENT FROM MANY SOUTHERN WHITES

• KLANS GOAL WAS TO DRIVE OUT CARPETBAGGERS AND UNION TROOPS, AND RETAKE CONTROL OF SOUTH

• USED TERRORIST TACTICS. • ACTIVITES OF KLAN OUTRAGED

PRESIDENT GRANT AND LED TO THE ENFORCEMENT ACTS=

• 1) FEDERAL CRIME TO INTERFERE WITH RIGHT TO VOTE

• 2) FEDERAL ELECTIONS UNDER SUPERVISION OF FEDERAL MARSHALLS

• 3) OUTLAWED ALL ACTIVITIES OF

KLAN

ACTIVITY

1) Guided reading 10-2.

2) “A letter to a former slaveholder” (as a group) Jigsaw with 3 others.

REFLECTION• WHAT SERVICES DID THE FREEDMEN’S BUREAU PROVIDE?• IN WHAT STATE DID AFRICAN AMERICANS GAIN CONTROL OF

THE LEGISLATURE FOR A TIME, AND WHY DID THIS OCCUR?• WHAT WERE THE 3 MAIN PROVISIONS OF THE

ENCFORCEMENT ACTS?• HOW DID CHURCHES BENEFIT AFRICAN AMERICANS DURING

RECONSTRUCTION?• SUMMARIZE THE POSITIVES AND NEGATIVES OF

CARPETBAGGER RULE.• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE B/W A CARPETBAGGER AND

SCALAWAG?